ThZeal - The Zeal

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2022.

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware

(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)

6021

(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)

42-1406262

(I. R. S. Employer
Identification Number)

5501 South Broadband Lane
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108
(877) 497-7497

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Brett Pharr
Pathward Financial, Inc.
5501 South Broadband Lane
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108
(877) 497-7497

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

with copies to:

Gregory F. Parisi, Esq.
Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP
401 9th Street, N.W.
Suite 1000
Washington, D.C. 20004
(202) 274-1933

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: as soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

	Large accelerated filer ☒			Accelerated filer ☐
	Non-accelerated filer ☐			Smaller reporting company ☐
				Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:

Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer) ☐

Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer) ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY — SUBJECT TO COMPLETION — DATED DECEMBER 9, 2022

PROSPECTUS

OFFER TO EXCHANGE
Up to $20,000,000 aggregate principal amount of
6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032
that have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933
for any and all outstanding unregistered
6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, on , 2022, unless extended.

We are offering to exchange 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 that have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which we refer to in this prospectus as the “New Notes,” for any and all of our outstanding unregistered 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 that we issued in a private placement on September 23, 2022, which we refer to in this prospectus as the “Old Notes.” We are making this offer to exchange the New Notes for the Old Notes to satisfy our obligations under certain registration rights agreements that we entered into with the purchasers of the Old Notes in connection with our issuance of the Old Notes to those purchasers.

We will not receive any cash proceeds from this exchange offer. The issuance of the New Notes in exchange for the Old Notes will not result in any increase in our outstanding indebtedness. Old Notes that are not exchanged for New Notes in this exchange offer will remain outstanding. The exchange offer is not subject to any minimum tender condition but is subject to certain customary conditions.

Upon expiration of the exchange offer, all Old Notes that have been validly tendered and not withdrawn will be exchanged for an equal principal amount of New Notes. The terms of the New Notes are identical in all material respects to the terms of the Old Notes, except that the New Notes are registered under the Securities Act and are generally not subject to transfer restrictions, are not entitled to registration rights under the registration rights agreements that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes and do not have the right to additional interest under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreements relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations. The New Notes evidence the same debt as the Old Notes and are governed by the same indenture under which the Old Notes were issued.

There is no existing public market for the Old Notes or the New Notes and we do not expect any public market to develop in the future for either the Old Notes or the New Notes. The Old Notes are not listed on any national securities exchange or quotation system and we do not intend to list the New Notes on any national securities exchange or quotation system.

You may withdraw your book-entry tender of Old Notes at any time prior to the expiration of the exchange offer. We will exchange all of the outstanding Old Notes that are validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration of the exchange offer for an equal principal amount of New Notes.

Each broker-dealer that receives New Notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such New Notes. A broker-dealer that acquired Old Notes because of market-making or other trading activities may use this prospectus, as supplemented or amended from time to time, in connection with resales of the New Notes for a period of 180 days after the completion of the exchange offer. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11, as well as the risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 and in the other reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

The securities to be exchanged are not savings accounts, deposits or other obligations of any of our bank or non-bank subsidiaries and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank or savings association.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor any state securities commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2022.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement on Form S-4 (the “registration statement”) that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us, the exchange offer and the securities offered by this prospectus, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits to the registration statement and the documents incorporated by reference therein.

We are providing this prospectus to holders of Old Notes in connection with our offer to exchange Old Notes for New Notes. We are not making the exchange offer to, nor will we accept tenders for exchange from, holders of Old Notes in any jurisdiction in which the exchange offer or the acceptance of the exchange offer would not be in compliance with the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdiction.

You should read this prospectus together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” and in the accompanying letter of transmittal filed by us with the SEC. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with any other information with regard to the exchange offer. If anyone provides you with information that is different or inconsistent, you should not rely on it. You should not assume that any information contained in or incorporated by reference into the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document that contains such information. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such date.

The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, including the exhibits to the registration statement, contains additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. The registration statement can be obtained from the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at www.pathwardfinancial.com. The reference to our website is not intended to be an active link, and the information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not, and you must not consider the information to be, a part of this prospectus or any other filings we make with the SEC.

You should not consider any information in this prospectus to be investment, legal or tax advice. You should consult your own counsel, accountant and other advisors for legal, tax, business, financial and related advice regarding the exchange offer and ownership of these securities.

Any broker-dealer that holds Old Notes acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and receives New Notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer may be a statutory underwriter and must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such New Notes. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by any such broker-dealer in connection with any resale of New Notes received in exchange for such Old Notes. We will make additional copies of this prospectus, and any amendments or supplements hereto, available to any such broker-dealer that requests it in accordance with the instructions in the letter of transmittal. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, as used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Pathward” or the “Company” refer to Pathward Financial, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to Pathward, National Association, a national bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus, including the documents that we incorporate by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements about the Company that are intended to be subject to the safe harbors created under United States federal securities laws. The words “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “goal,” “target,” “would” and “outlook,” or the negative variations of those words and other similar words and expressions, generally identify forward-looking statements; however, these

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words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts.

By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ significantly from those described in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including those discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as those discussed in any of our subsequent filings that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” for information about such filings and “Where You Can Find More Information” for information on how to obtain copies of our filings with the SEC. For a discussion of significant risk factors that apply to the exchange offer and the notes, see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.

Potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described below:

•

successfully transitioning and maintaining our executive management team;

•

expected growth opportunities may not be realized or may take longer to realize than expected;

•

the potential adverse effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and any governmental or societal responses thereto, or other unusual and infrequently occurring events, including the impact on financial markets from geopolitical conflicts such as the war between Russia and Ukraine;

•

our ability to achieve brand recognition as Pathward equal to or greater than we enjoyed under our prior brand;

•

changes in tax laws;

•

the strength of the United States’ economy, and the local economies in which the Company operates;

•

changes in trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including actual changes in interest rates and the Fed funds rate;

•

inflation, market, and monetary fluctuations;

•

the timely and efficient development of new products and services offered by the Company or its strategic partners, as well as risks (including reputational and litigation) attendant thereto, and the perceived overall value and acceptance of these products and services by users;

•

the Bank’s ability to maintain its Durbin Amendment exemption; the risks of dealing with or utilizing third parties, including, in connection with the Company’s refund advance business;

•

the risk of reduced volume of refund advance loans as a result of reduced customer demand for or usage of Pathward’s strategic partners’ refund advance products;

•

our relationship with, and any actions which may be initiated by our regulators; changes in financial services laws and regulations, including laws and regulations relating to the tax refund industry and the insurance premium finance industry and recent and potential changes in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

•

technological changes, including, but not limited to, the security of our electronic systems and information;

•

the impact of acquisitions and divestitures;

•

litigation risk;

•

the growth of the Company’s business, as well as expenses related thereto; continued maintenance by Pathward of its status as a well-capitalized institution;

•

changes in consumer spending and saving habits;

•

losses from fraudulent or illegal activity; and

iii

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you. We urge you to carefully read this entire prospectus and the other documents to which this prospectus refers to fully understand the terms of the New Notes and the exchange offer. See “Where You Can Find More Information” on page 49 to obtain the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus without charge. You should pay special attention to “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Pathward Financial, Inc.

Pathward, a registered bank holding company, was incorporated in Delaware on June 14, 1993. Pathward’s principal assets are all the issued and outstanding shares of the Bank, a South Dakota chartered, national bank, the accounts of which are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as administrator of the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”).

As a nationwide provider of Banking as a Service (“BaaS”) solutions and commercial finance products, the Company has offices across the country. The principal executive office is located at 5501 South Broadband Lane, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57108. Its telephone number at that address is (877) 497-7497. The Company is subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision. See “Regulation and Supervision” discussed under “Item 1. Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

The Company’s purpose of financial inclusion for all® means everyone deserves access to high quality financial services. It is why for the past two decades Pathward has been building solutions to help those who have been underserved by traditional banking providers.

The Company strives to remove barriers to financial access and promote economic mobility by working with third parties to provide responsible, secure, high quality financial products that contribute to the social and economic benefit of communities at the core of the real economy. Pathward strives to increase financial availability, choice, and opportunity across two business lines: BaaS and Commercial Finance. These strategic business lines provide end-to-end support to individuals and businesses.

As a nationally chartered bank, Pathward sits at the hub of the financial ecosystem. With expert talent and access to world-class partners, Pathward moves money seamlessly across a multitude of solutions while mitigating risk by anticipating changes to a complicated, regulatory landscape.

The Bank, a wholly-owned full-service banking subsidiary of Pathward, operates through three reportable segments (Consumer, Commercial, and Corporate Services/Other). See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” “Note 17. Segment Reporting” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 for further information on the reportable segments.

The business of the Bank is to collaborate with partners through the BaaS business line to provide solutions that attract low-cost deposits and generate fee income. The low-cost deposits are primarily invested into loan and lease products offered through the Commercial Finance business line. In addition to originating loans and leases, the Bank also occasionally contracts to sell loans, such as consumer credit product loans, refund advance loans, and government guaranteed loans to third party buyers. The Bank also sells and purchases loan participations from time to time to and from other financial institutions, as well as mortgage-backed securities and other investments permissible under applicable regulations.

The Consumer segment includes the BaaS business line, which collaborates with partners to navigate payment and lending needs. With capabilities ranging from prepaid cards and deposit accounts to payment processing and consumer lending, the Company empowers its partners to deliver programs that provide a financial path forward for all.

The Company offers the following innovative solutions: payment, issuing, credit, and tax. Payment solutions accepts and processes payments for all customers’ personal and business needs. The Bank moves funds daily through high speed banking rails, including ACH, wire transfers, and push to debit. With its Issuing solutions, Pathward is one of the leading debit and prepaid card issuers in the country and holds funds

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for the programs of its partners in order to provide the consumer protections of a traditional bank account. Credit solutions enables the Bank’s partners’ lending solutions that serve the borrowing needs of customers in a diverse credit pool. Tax solutions offer electronic refund advances and refund transfers with some of the largest tax companies, as well as thirty-thousand independent tax preparers nationwide.

The Commercial segment includes the Company’s Commercial Finance business line, which helps businesses access funds they need to launch, operate, and grow. Pathward’s innovative approach and customized financial products offer the flexibility traditional bank products cannot. This diverse range of commercial financial products is available through the following lending solutions: working capital, equipment finance, structured finance, and insurance premium finance.

Working capital provides ready cash for liquidity needs to new or growing companies or companies in cyclical or seasonal industries. Working capital financing is secured by business collateral (assets) such as accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment. Equipment finance provides financing in the form of leases and loans for equipment needs. Structured finance assists small- and mid-sized business and rural borrowers to fund growth, expansion, and restructuring. Products include alternative energy financing, conventional loans, and loans administered through partnerships with the Small Business Administration and United States Department of Agriculture. Insurance premium finance is short-term financing to facilitate the purchase of property, casualty, and liability insurance premiums.

Pathward Venture Capital, LLC (“Pathward Venture Capital”), a wholly-owned service corporation subsidiary of the Bank was formed in 2017 for the purpose of making minority equity investments. Pathward Venture Capital focuses on investing in companies in the financial services industry.

First Midwest Financial Capital Trust I, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pathward Financial, was established in July 2001 and Crestmark Capital Trust I, acquired by the Company in August 2018, was established in June 2005. Both subsidiaries were established for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities.

As of September 30, 2022, Pathward had total assets of $6.75 billion, total deposits of $5.87 billion, and stockholders’ equity of $645.1 million.

Summary of the Exchange Offer

The following provides a summary of certain terms of the exchange offer. See “The Exchange Offer” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus for a more complete description of the exchange offer and “Description of the Notes” for a more complete description of the terms of the Old Notes and the New Notes.

Old Notes

$20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032.

New Notes

Up to $20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 that have terms that are identical in all material respects to the terms of the Old Notes, except that: (1) the New Notes have been registered with the SEC under the Securities Act and, as a result, will not bear any legend restricting their transfer; (2) the New Notes bear different CUSIP numbers from the Old Notes; (3) the New Notes are generally not subject to transfer restrictions; (4) holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights under the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes or otherwise; and (5) because the holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights, holders of the New Notes will not have the right to additional

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interest under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreement relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations.

Exchange Offer

We are offering to exchange the New Notes for a like principal amount of Old Notes. Subject to the terms of the exchange offer, following the expiration or termination of the exchange offer, we will exchange the Old Notes that have been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to such expiration or termination for an equal principal amount of the New Notes.

Expiration Date

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2022, unless we decide to extend it.

Withdrawal Rights

Except as otherwise provided in this prospectus, you may validly withdraw your tender of Old Notes at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date. For a withdrawal of tendered Old Notes to be effective, the exchange agent must receive, on or prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date, a computer generated notice of withdrawal, transmitted by The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, on your behalf in accordance with the appropriate procedures of DTC’s “Automated Tender Offer Program,” or ATOP. See “The Exchange Offer — Withdrawal of Tenders.”

Conditions to Exchange Offer

The exchange offer is subject to customary conditions, which we may waive. See “The Exchange Offer — Conditions.”

Procedures for Tendering Old Notes

For Old Notes that are represented by global book-entry notes, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), as depositary, or its nominee is treated as the registered holder of such Old Notes and will be the only entity that can tender such Old Notes for New Notes. In order to participate in the exchange offer, you must follow the procedures established by DTC for tendering such Old Notes held in book-entry form. These procedures, which we call “ATOP” (“Automated Tender Offer Program”) procedures, require that (i) the exchange agent receive, prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer, a computer generated message known as an “agent’s message” that is transmitted through ATOP, and (ii) DTC has received (a) your instructions to exchange your Old Notes, and (b) your agreement to be bound by the terms of the accompanying letter of transmittal.

For Old Notes that are represented by a physical note that is registered in the initial purchaser’s name, each beneficial holder of such Old Note must transmit a properly completed and duly executed

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letter of transmittal, the physical note, and all other documents required by the letter of transmittal to the exchange agent, at its address listed under “The Exchange Offer — Exchange Agent.”

Please note that by signing, or agreeing to be bound by, the letter of transmittal, you will be making a number of important representations to us. See “The Exchange Offer — Eligibility; Transferability.”

Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The exchange of Old Notes for New Notes in the exchange offer will not constitute a taxable event for United States federal income tax purposes. For additional information, see “Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” You should consult your own tax advisor as to the tax consequences of exchanging your Old Notes for New Notes.

Registration Rights

Under the terms of the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes at the time we issued the Old Notes, we agreed to register the New Notes and undertake the exchange offer. We are making this exchange offer solely to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement. After the exchange offer is completed, we will have no further obligations, except under certain limited circumstances, to provide for any exchange or undertake any further registration with respect to the Old Notes.

Transferability

Based on existing interpretations of the Securities Act by the staff of the SEC set forth in several no-action letters issued to other parties, we believe that you, or any other person receiving New Notes, may offer for resale, resell or otherwise transfer the New Notes without complying with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, provided that:

•

you are, or the person receiving the New Notes is, acquiring the New Notes in the ordinary course of business;

•

you do not, nor does any such person, have an arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in any distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the New Notes;

•

you are not, nor is any such person, an “affiliate” of ours within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act;

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you are not, nor is any such person, a broker-dealer registered under the Exchange Act, and you are not engaged in and do not intend to engage in, nor is any such person engaged in or intending to engage in, any distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the New Notes; and you are not acting on behalf of any person who could not truthfully make these statements; and

•

you are not acting on behalf of any person who could not truthfully make these statements.

Our belief that transfers of New Notes would be permitted without complying with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act under the conditions described above is based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC given to other, unrelated issuers in similar exchange offers. The staff of the SEC has not considered the exchange offer in the context of a no-action letter, and we cannot assure you that the staff of the SEC would make a similar interpretation with respect to the exchange offer. If our belief is not accurate and you transfer a New Note without delivering a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act or without an exemption from such requirements, you may incur liability under the Securities Act. We do not and will not assume, or indemnify you against such liability. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to the Exchange Offer.”

Any broker-dealer that holds Old Notes acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and that receives New Notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer may be a statutory underwriter and must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such New Notes. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Consequences of Failing to Exchange Old Notes

Any Old Notes that are not exchanged in the exchange offer will continue to be governed by the applicable indenture relating to the Old Notes and the terms of the Old Notes. Old Notes that are not exchanged will remain “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act and will be subject to the restrictions on transfer described in the Old Notes, and you will generally not be able to offer, sell, pledge or otherwise transfer the Old Notes, except to us or to any of our subsidiaries, under a registration statement that has been declared

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effective under the Securities Act or under an exemption from the requirements of the Securities Act. Upon the completion of the exchange offer, we will have no further obligations, except under limited circumstances, to provide for any exchange or undertake any further registration with respect to the Old Notes. If you do not participate in the exchange offer, the liquidity of your Old Notes could be adversely affected. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Exchange Offer” and “The Exchange Offer — Consequences of Failure to Exchange.”

Use of Proceeds

We will not receive any cash proceeds from the exchange of Old Notes for New Notes as a result of the exchange offer.

Cancellation of Exchanged Old Notes

Old Notes that are surrendered in exchange for New Notes will be retired and cancelled and will not be reissued. Accordingly, the issuance of the New Notes under the exchange offer will not result in any increase in our outstanding indebtedness.

Exchange Agent

UMB Bank, N.A. is serving as the exchange agent for the exchange offer. See “The Exchange Offer-Exchange Agent” for the address, telephone number and email address of the exchange agent.

SUMMARY OF NEW NOTES

The following provides a summary of certain terms of the New Notes. The New Notes have terms that are identical in all material respects to the terms of the Old Notes, except that: the New Notes have been registered with the SEC under the Securities Act and, as a result, will not bear any legend restricting their transfer; the New Notes bear different CUSIP numbers from the Old Notes; the New Notes are generally not subject to transfer restrictions; holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights under the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes; and because the holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights, holders of the New Notes will not have the right to additional interest under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreement relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations. The New Notes will evidence the same debt as the Old Notes and will be governed by the same indenture under which the Old Notes were issued. See “Description of the Notes” for a more complete description of the terms of the New Notes. References in this prospectus to the “notes” include both the Old Notes and the New Notes unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires.

Issuer

Pathward Financial, Inc.

Securities Offered

6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032

Aggregate Principal Amount

Up to $20,000,000.

Maturity Date

September 30, 2032, unless previously redeemed.

Form and Denomination

The New Notes will be issued only in registered form without interest coupons and in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. Unless otherwise required for institutional accredited investors, the New Notes will be evidenced by a

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global note deposited with the trustee for the New Notes, as custodian for DTC, and transfers of beneficial interests will be facilitated only through records maintained by DTC and its participants.

Interest Rate and Interest Rate Payment Dates During Fixed-Rate Period

From, and including, September 23, 2022, to, but excluding, September 30, 2027, unless redeemed prior to such date, the New Notes will bear interest at a rate of 6.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 30 and September 30 of each year, commencing March 30, 2023.

Interest Rate and Interest Rate Payment Dates During Floating Rate Period

From, and including, September 30, 2027 to, but excluding, September 30, 2032, unless redeemed prior to September 30, 2032 (such period, the “Floating Rate Period”), the New Notes will bear an interest at an annual floating rate, reset quarterly, equal to the benchmark rate (which is expected to be the then-current Three-Month Term SOFR), plus 314 basis points, or such other rate as determined pursuant to the indenture, payable quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30, and December 30 of each year through September 30, 2032 or earlier redemption date. If Three-Month Term SOFR (or other applicable floating interest rate) is less than zero, then Three-Month Term SOFR (or other such applicable floating interest rate) shall be deemed to be zero.

For each interest period during the Floating Rate Period, “Three-Month Term SOFR” means the rate for Term SOFR for a tenor of three months that is published by the Term SOFR Administrator at the Reference Time for any Floating Interest Period, as determined by the calculation agent after giving effect to the Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions (each as defined under “Description of the Notes — Principal, Maturity and Interest”).

If the calculation agent determines on or prior to the relevant Reference Time that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date (each as defined under “Description of the Notes — Definitions Relating to the Determination of the Floating Interest Rate”) have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR, then the provisions under “Description of the Notes — Effect of Benchmark Transition Event,” which are referred to herein as the “benchmark transition provisions,” will thereafter apply to all determinations of the interest rate on the notes for each interest period during the Floating Rate Period. In accordance with the

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benchmark transition provisions, after a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred, the interest rate on the notes for each interest period during the Floating Rate Period will be an annual rate equal to the Benchmark Replacement (as defined under “Description of the Notes — Definitions Relating to the Determination of the Floating Interest Rate”) plus 314 basis points.

Day Count Convention

30-day month/360-day year to but excluding September 30, 2027, and, thereafter, a 360-day year and the number of days actually elapsed.

Record Dates

Each interest payment will be made to the holders of record who held the New Notes at the close of business on the fifteenth calendar day prior to the applicable interest payment date.

Subordination; Ranking

The New Notes will be our general unsecured, subordinated obligations and:

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will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our existing and future “senior indebtedness” (as defined below);

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will rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future indebtedness the terms of which provide that such indebtedness ranks equally with promissory notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness of types that includes the New Notes;

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will rank senior in right of payment to any indebtedness the terms of which provide that such indebtedness ranks junior to promissory notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness of types that include the New Notes; and

•

will be effectively subordinated to all of the existing and future indebtedness, deposits and other liabilities of our current and future subsidiaries, including without limitation, the Bank’s liabilities to depositors in connection with the deposits in the Bank, as well as liabilities to general creditors and liabilities arising during the ordinary course or otherwise.

See “Description of the Notes — Subordination.”

Optional Redemption

We may, at our option, redeem the New Notes (i) in whole or in part beginning with the interest payment date of September 30, 2027, and on any interest payment date thereafter and (ii) in whole, but not in part, upon the occurrence of a Tier 2 Capital Event, a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event (each as defined below in “Description of the Notes — Redemption”).

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Any redemption of the New Notes will be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, or portion thereof, to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and additional interest, if and to the extent applicable, thereon to, but excluding, the date of redemption. Any redemption of the New Notes will be subject to the receipt of approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), to the extent such approval is then required.

The New Notes are not subject to repayment at the option of the holders and there is no sinking fund for the New Notes.

No Limitations on Indebtedness

The indenture governing the New Notes and the terms of the New Notes do not contain any covenants limiting or restrictions on the incurrence of indebtedness or other obligations by us or by a subsidiary of ours, including the Bank.

Limited Indenture Covenants

The indenture governing the New Notes contains no financial covenants requiring us to achieve or maintain any minimum financial results relating to our financial position or results of operations or meet or exceed any financial ratios as a general matter or in order to incur additional indebtedness or obligations or to maintain any reserves.

Moreover, neither the indenture nor the New Notes contain any covenants prohibiting us from, or limiting our right to, grant liens on our assets to secure our indebtedness or other obligations that are senior in right of payment to the New Notes, repurchase our stock or other securities, including any of the New Notes, or pay dividends or make other distributions to our shareholders (except, in the case of dividends or other distributions on junior securities, upon an event of default).

Listing; No Public Market

The New Notes are a new issue of securities with no established trading market and we do not expect any public market to develop in the future for the New Notes. We do not intend to list the New Notes on any national securities exchange or quotation system.

Risk Factors

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus, as well as in our reports filed with the SEC, and other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before deciding to participate in the exchange offer.

Trustee

UMB Bank, N.A., or successor if replaced in accordance with the applicable provisions of the indenture.

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RISK FACTORS

In addition to general investment risks and the other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including the matters addressed under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the matters described under the caption “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, which has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference herein, you should carefully consider the following risks in deciding whether to participate in the exchange offer. See “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” and “Where You Can Find More Information.” If any of the risks contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus develop into actual events, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, the value of the New Notes could decline, our ability to repay the New Notes may be impaired and you may lose all or part of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. See the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section in this prospectus.

Risks Related to our Business

For a discussion of certain risks applicable to our business and operations, see “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. For the location of information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Risks Related to the Exchange Offer

If you do not validly tender your Old Notes, you will continue to hold unregistered Old Notes, and your ability to transfer Old Notes will be limited.

We will only issue New Notes in exchange for Old Notes that you timely and validly tender in accordance with the terms of the exchange offer. Therefore, you should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery of the Old Notes, and you should carefully follow the instructions on how to tender your Old Notes. Although we intend to request the exchange agent to notify holders of defects or irregularities relating to tenders and withdrawals of Old Notes, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will have any duty to give or incur any liability for failure to give such notification. See “The Exchange Offer — Procedures for Tendering Old Notes.”

If you do not exchange your Old Notes for New Notes in the exchange offer, you will continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer of your Old Notes described in the legend on the global notes for the Old Notes. The restrictions on transfer of the Old Notes arose because we issued the Old Notes in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. In general, you may only offer or sell the Old Notes if they are registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, or you offer and sell under an exemption from these requirements. We do not plan to register any sale of the Old Notes under the Securities Act.

The tender of Old Notes under the exchange offer will reduce the principal amount of the Old Notes outstanding, which may have an adverse effect upon, and increase the volatility of, the market price of the Old Notes due to a reduction in liquidity.

For further information regarding the consequences of failing to exchange your Old Notes in the exchange offer, see “The Exchange Offer — Consequences of Failure to Exchange.”

You may not receive New Notes in the exchange offer if you do not properly follow the exchange offer procedures.

We will issue New Notes in exchange for your Old Notes only if you validly tender and do not validly withdraw your Old Notes before expiration of the exchange offer. Although we intend to request the exchange agent to notify holders of defects or irregularities relating to tenders and withdrawals of Old Notes, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will have any duty to give or incur any liability for

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failure to give such notification. If you are the beneficial holder of Old Notes that are held through a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee, and you wish to tender such Old Notes in the exchange offer, you should promptly contact the person through whom your Old Notes are held and instruct that person to tender your Old Notes on your behalf in accordance with the procedures described in this prospectus and the accompanying letter of transmittal.

Old Notes that are not tendered, are withdrawn prior to acceptance or that are tendered but not accepted for exchange will, following consummation of the exchange offer, continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions under the Securities Act, and upon consummation of the exchange offer, certain registration and other rights under the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes will terminate. See “The Exchange Offer — Procedures for Tendering Old Notes” and “The Exchange Offer — Consequences of Failure to Exchange.”

Some holders who exchange their Old Notes may be deemed to be underwriters, and these holders will be required to comply with additional requirements under the Securities Act.

Based on interpretations of the Securities Act by the staff of the SEC contained in certain no-action letters issued to other parties, we believe that you, or any other person receiving New Notes, may offer for resale, resell, or otherwise transfer the New Notes without complying with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. Our belief that transfers of New Notes would be permitted without registration or prospectus delivery under the conditions described above is based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC given to other, unrelated issuers in similar exchange offers. The staff of the SEC has not considered the exchange offer in the context of a no-action letter, and we cannot assure you that the staff of the SEC would make a similar interpretation with respect to the exchange offer. Additionally, in some instances described in this prospectus under “Plan of Distribution,” certain holders of New Notes will remain obligated to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act to resell the New Notes. If any such holder transfers any New Notes without delivering a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act or without an applicable exemption from registration under the Securities Act, such holder may incur liability under the Securities Act. We do not and will not assume, or indemnify any such holder or other person against, such liability.

Consummation of the exchange offer may not occur.

The exchange offer is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. See “The Exchange Offer — Conditions.” Even if the exchange offer is completed, it may not be completed on the timing described in this prospectus. Accordingly, holders participating in the exchange offer may have to wait longer than expected to receive the New Notes, during which time such holders will not be able to effect transfers of their Old Notes tendered in the exchange offer.

Risks Related to the Notes

The amount of interest payable on the notes will vary after September 30, 2027.

As the interest rate of the notes will be calculated based on Three-Month Term SOFR from September 30, 2027 to but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date and SOFR is a floating rate, the interest rate on the notes will vary on and after September 30, 2027. During this period, the notes will bear a floating interest rate set each quarterly interest period at a per annum rate equal to the Benchmark rate (which is expected to be Three-Month Term SOFR) plus a spread of 314 basis points; provided, that in the event that the Benchmark rate for any floating rate period is less than zero, the Benchmark rate for such floating rate period shall be deemed to be zero. The per annum interest rate that is determined on the relevant determination date will apply to the entire quarterly interest period following such determination date even if the Benchmark rate increases during that period.

Floating rate notes bear additional risks not associated with fixed rate debt securities. These risks include fluctuation of the interest rates and the possibility that you will receive an amount of interest that is lower than expected. We have no control over a number of matters that may impact prevailing interest rates, including, without limitation, economic, financial, and political events that are important in determining

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the existence, magnitude, and longevity of market volatility, and other risks and their impact on the value of, or payments made on, the notes. In recent years, interest rates have been volatile, and that volatility may be expected in the future.

You should not rely on indicative or historical data concerning SOFR.

The interest rate during the floating rate period will be determined using Three-Month Term SOFR (unless a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date occur with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR, in which case the rate of interest will be based on the next-available Benchmark Replacement). In the following discussion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, when we refer to SOFR-linked notes, we mean the notes at any time when the interest rate on the notes is or will be determined based on SOFR, including Three-Month Term SOFR.

SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) and is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. FRBNY reports that SOFR includes all trades in the Broad General Collateral Rate, plus bilateral U.S. Treasury repurchase agreement, or repo, transactions cleared through the delivery-versus-payment service offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, or FICC, a subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTCC. SOFR is filtered by FRBNY to remove a portion of the foregoing transactions considered to be “specials.” According to FRBNY, “specials” are repos for specific-issue collateral which take place at cash-lending rates below those for general collateral repos because cash providers are willing to accept a lesser return on their cash in order to obtain a particular security.

SOFR was selected as the preferred overnight reference rate for U.S. Dollar financial contracts by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC). On July 29, 2021, the ARRC formally recommended the use of the CME Group’s forward-looking SOFR term rates. The CME Term SOFR reference rates provide forward-looking term rate estimates derived from SOFR, calculated and published for One-Month, Three-Month, Six-Month and Twelve-Month tenors (referred to as Term SOFR).

The benchmark rate applicable to the notes during the floating rate period commencing on September 30, 2027 is expected to be the then-current Three-Month Term SOFR, plus 314 basis points. Although the Three-Month Term SOFR is linked to SOFR, the Three-Month Term SOFR is calculated by the CME Group and not the FRBNY using transaction data from thirteen consecutive SR1 futures (1-month CME SOFR futures contracts) and five SR3 futures (3-month CME SOFR futures contracts). The Three-Month SOFR is underpinned by SR3 contracts with additional volumes from SR1 helping where available, as SR3 are the replacement contracts for Eurodollar futures. A set of volume weighted average prices (VWAP) are calculated using transaction prices observed during several observation intervals throughout the trading day. These are then used in a projection model to determine Term SOFR reference rates, including the Three-Month Term SOFR.

Term SOFR and SOFR may be more volatile than other benchmark or market rates.

Since the initial publication of SOFR by the FRBNY in April 2018, daily changes in the rate have, on occasion, been more volatile than daily changes in comparable benchmark or market rates, and SOFR and Term SOFR over time may bear little or no relation to the historical actual or historical indicative data. In addition, the return on and value of the Term SOFR-linked notes may fluctuate more than floating rate securities that are linked to less volatile rates.

Changes in the calculation of Term SOFR could adversely affect the amount of interest that accrues on the Term SOFR-linked notes and the trading prices for the Term SOFR-linked notes.

Because Term SOFR and SOFR are calculated based on data received from other sources, we have no control over its determination, calculation or publication. There can be no assurance that Term SOFR and SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the interests of investors in the Term SOFR-linked notes. If the manner in which Term SOFR or SOFR is calculated is changed, that change may result in a change in the amount of interest that accrues on the Term SOFR-linked notes, which may adversely affect the trading prices of the Term SOFR-linked notes. Further, if the Benchmark rate on the Term SOFR-linked notes during the Floating Rate Period for any interest period

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declines to zero or becomes negative, then interest will only accrue on the Term SOFR linked notes at a rate equal to the spread of 314 basis points per annum with respect to that interest period. There is no assurance that changes in Term SOFR could not have a material adverse effect on the yield on, value of and market for the Term SOFR-linked notes.

SOFR differs fundamentally from, and may not be a comparable substitute for, U.S. dollar LIBOR.

In June 2017, the ARRC, convened by the Federal Reserve and FRBNY announced SOFR as its recommended alternative to the London interbank offered rate for U.S. dollar obligations, or U.S. dollar LIBOR. However, because SOFR is a broad U.S. Treasury repo financing rate that represents overnight secured funding transactions, it differs fundamentally from U.S. dollar LIBOR. For example, SOFR is a secured overnight rate, while U.S. dollar LIBOR is an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding over different maturities. In addition, because SOFR is a transaction-based rate, it is backward-looking, whereas U.S. dollar LIBOR is forward-looking. Because of these and other differences, there can be no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same way as U.S. dollar LIBOR would have done at any time, and there is no guarantee that it is a comparable substitute for U.S. dollar LIBOR. Term SOFR operates more similarly to LIBOR than SOFR in that it is forward-looking.

Any failure of SOFR and Term SOFR to gain market acceptance could adversely affect the trading prices of the Term SOFR-linked notes.

SOFR and Term SOFR may fail to gain market acceptance. SOFR was developed for use in certain U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts as an alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR in part because it is considered to be a good representation of general funding conditions in the overnight U.S. Treasury repo market. However, as a rate based on transactions secured by U.S. Treasury securities, it does not measure bank-specific credit risk and, as a result, is less likely to correlate with the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks. This may mean that market participants would not consider SOFR to be a suitable substitute or successor for all of the purposes for which U.S. dollar LIBOR historically has been used (including, without limitation, as a representation of the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks), which may, in turn, lessen its market acceptance. ARRC’s formal recommendation of Term SOFR may help market participants shift from LIBOR to Term SOFR because Term SOFR operates more similarly to LIBOR. However, any failure of SOFR to gain market acceptance could adversely affect the return on, value of and market for the Term SOFR-linked notes.

Any market for the Term SOFR-linked notes may be illiquid or unpredictable.

Since Term SOFR is a relatively new market index, Term SOFR-linked debt securities likely will have no established trading market when issued, and an established trading market for the Term SOFR-linked notes may never develop or may not be very liquid. Market terms for securities that are linked to Term SOFR, such as the spread over the base rate reflected in the interest rate provisions, may evolve over time, and as a result, trading prices of the Term SOFR-linked notes may be lower than those of later-issued securities that are linked to Term SOFR. Similarly, if Term SOFR does not prove to be widely used in securities that are similar or comparable to the Term SOFR-linked notes, the trading price of the Term SOFR-linked notes may be lower than those of securities that are linked to rates that are more widely used. You may not be able to sell the Term SOFR-linked notes at all or may not be able to sell the Term SOFR-linked notes at prices that will provide you with a yield comparable to similar investments that have a developed secondary market, and may consequently suffer from increased pricing volatility and market risk. The manner of adoption or application of reference rates based on Term SOFR in the bond and equity markets may differ materially compared with the application and adoption of Term SOFR in other markets, such as the derivatives and loan markets. You should carefully consider how any potential inconsistencies between the adoption of reference rates based on Term SOFR across these markets may impact any hedging or other financial arrangements which you may put in place in connection with any acquisition, holding or disposal of the Term SOFR-linked notes.

The interest rate for the notes during the floating rate period may be determined based on a rate other than Three-Month Term SOFR.

Under the terms of the notes, the interest rate on the notes for each interest period during the Floating Rate Period will be based on Three-Month Term SOFR, a forward-looking term rate for a tenor of

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three months that will be based on SOFR. On July 29, 2021, the ARRC formally recommended the use of the CME Group’s forward-looking SOFR term rate. If, at the commencement of the Floating Rate Period for the New Notes, the Company determines that the use of a forward-looking rate for a tenor of three months based on SOFR is not administratively feasible, then the next-available Benchmark Replacement under the benchmark transition provisions will be used to determine the interest rate on the New Notes during the Floating Rate Period (unless a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date occur with respect to that next-available Benchmark Replacement).

Under the terms of the notes, the calculation agent is expressly authorized to make determinations, decisions or elections with respect to technical, administrative or operational matters that it decides are appropriate to reflect the use of Three-Month Term SOFR as the interest rate basis for the notes, which are defined in the terms of the indenture as “Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions.” The calculation agent’s determination and implementation of any Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions could result in adverse consequences to the amount of interest that accrues on the notes during the floating rate period, which could adversely affect the return on, value of and market for the notes.

Any Benchmark Replacement may not be the economic equivalent of Three-Month Term SOFR.

Under the benchmark transition provisions of the notes, if the calculation agent determines that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR, then the interest rate on the notes during the Floating Rate Period will be determined using the next-available Benchmark Replacement (which may include a related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment). However, the Benchmark Replacement may not be the economic equivalent of Three-Month Term SOFR. For example, Compounded SOFR, a component of the first available Benchmark Replacement, is the compounded average of the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rates calculated in arrears, while Three-Month Term SOFR is intended to be a forward-looking rate with a tenor of three months. In addition, very limited market precedent exists for securities that use Compounded SOFR as the rate basis, and the method for calculating Compounded SOFR in those precedents varies. Further, the ISDA Fallback Rate, which is another Benchmark Replacement, has not yet been established and may change over time.

The implementation of Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes could adversely affect the amount of interest that accrues on the notes and the trading prices for the notes.

Under the benchmark transition provisions of the notes, if a particular Benchmark Replacement or Benchmark Replacement Adjustment cannot be determined, then the next-available Benchmark Replacement or Benchmark Replacement Adjustment will apply. These replacement rates and adjustments may be selected or formulated by (i) the Relevant Governmental Body (such as the ARRC), (ii) ISDA or (iii) in certain circumstances, the calculation agent. In addition, the benchmark transition provisions expressly authorize the calculation agent to make certain changes, which are defined in the terms of the indenture as “Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes,” with respect to, among other things, the determination of interest periods, and the timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest. The application of a Benchmark Replacement and Benchmark Replacement Adjustment, and any implementation of Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes, could result in adverse consequences to the amount of interest that accrues on the notes during the Floating Rate Period, which could adversely affect the return on, value of and market for the notes. Further, there is no assurance that the characteristics of any Benchmark Replacement will be similar to the then-current Benchmark that it is replacing, or that any Benchmark Replacement will produce the economic equivalent of the then-current Benchmark that it is replacing.

We will act as the initial calculation agent and may have economic interests adverse to the interests of the holders of the notes.

We will act as the initial calculation agent, and we may continue to serve as calculation agent during the Floating Rate Period. The calculation agent will make certain determinations, decisions or elections with respect to the interest rate during the Floating Rate Period. Any exercise of discretion by us under the terms of the notes, including, without limitation, any discretion exercised by us acting as calculation agent, could present a conflict of interest. In making the required determinations, decisions and elections, we may have

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economic interests that are adverse to the interests of the holders of the notes, and those determinations, decisions or elections could have a material adverse effect on the yield on, value of and market for the notes. Any determination by us, as the calculation agent, will be conclusive and binding absent manifest error.

Because the notes may be redeemed at our option under certain circumstances prior to their maturity, you may be subject to reinvestment risk.

Subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve (or, as and if applicable, the rules of any appropriate successor bank regulatory agency), to the extent that such approval is then required under applicable laws or regulations, including capital regulations, we may redeem the notes at our option (i) in whole or in part beginning with the interest payment date of September 30, 2027, and on any interest payment date thereafter. In addition, at any time at which any notes remain outstanding, subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve (or, as and if applicable, the rules of any appropriate successor bank regulatory agency), to the extent that such approval is then required under applicable laws or regulations, including capital regulations, we may redeem the notes in whole but not in part upon the occurrence of (i) a “Tier 2 Capital Event,” (ii) a “Tax Event” or (iii) an “Investment Company Event”. In the event that we redeem the notes, holders of the notes will receive only the principal amount of the notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, such redemption date. If any redemption occurs, holders of the notes will not have the opportunity to continue to accrue and be paid interest to the Maturity Date. Any such redemption may have the effect of reducing the income or return that you may receive on an investment in the notes by reducing the term of the investment. If this occurs, you may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at an interest rate comparable to the rate paid on the notes.

Investors should not expect us to redeem the notes on or after the date on which they become redeemable at our option. Under Federal Reserve regulations, unless the Federal Reserve authorizes us in writing to do otherwise, we may not redeem the notes unless they are replaced with other Tier 2 capital instruments or unless we can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve that, following redemption, we will continue to hold capital commensurate with our risk.

Our obligations under the notes will be unsecured and subordinated to any senior indebtedness of the Company.

The notes will be general unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company. Accordingly, they will be junior in right of payment to any of our existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company. The notes will rank equally with all of our other existing and future indebtedness the terms of which provide that such indebtedness ranks equally with promissory notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness of types that include the notes, including any indebtedness issued in the future under the indenture. In addition, the notes will be effectively subordinated to all of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and will be structurally subordinated to any existing and future liabilities and obligations, including deposits, of our current and future subsidiaries, including the Bank. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had, in the aggregate, outstanding deposits of approximately $5.87 billion, long-term borrowings of $36.0 million, and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $200.2 million, all of which would rank senior to the notes.

In addition, the notes will not be secured by any of our assets. The indenture does not limit the amount of senior indebtedness and other financial obligations or secured obligations that we or our subsidiaries may incur.

As a result of the subordination provisions described above and in the following paragraph, holders of notes may not be fully repaid in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization.

The notes will not be obligations of, or insured or guaranteed by, the FDIC, any other governmental agency or any of our subsidiaries and will be structurally subordinated to all liabilities of our subsidiaries.

The notes will be obligations of the Company only and will not be obligations of, or guaranteed or insured by, the FDIC, any other governmental agency or any of our subsidiaries, including the Bank. The notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities and obligations of our subsidiaries, which means that creditors of our subsidiaries (including, in the case of the Bank, its depositors) generally will be paid from those subsidiaries’ assets before holders of the notes

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would have any claims to those assets. Even if we become a creditor of any of our subsidiaries, our rights as a creditor would be subordinate to any security interest in the assets of that subsidiary and any debt of that subsidiary senior to the debt held by us, and our rights could otherwise be subordinated to the rights of other creditors and depositors of that subsidiary. Furthermore, none of our subsidiaries is under any obligation to make payments to us, and any payments to us would depend on the earnings or financial condition of our subsidiaries and various business considerations. Statutory, contractual or other restrictions also limit our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make distributions, loans or advances to us. For these reasons, we may not have access to any assets or cash flows of our subsidiaries to make interest and principal payments on the notes.

We may incur a substantial level of debt that could materially adversely affect our ability to generate sufficient cash to fulfill our obligations under the notes.

Neither we, nor any of our subsidiaries, are subject to any limitations under the terms of the indenture from issuing, accepting or incurring any amount of additional debt, deposits or other liabilities, including senior indebtedness or other obligations ranking senior to or equally with the notes. We expect that we and our subsidiaries will incur additional debt and other liabilities from time to time, and our level of debt and the risks related thereto could increase.

A substantial level of debt could have important consequences to holders of the notes, including the following:

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making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt, including the notes;

•

requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for other purposes;

•

increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions, which could place us at a disadvantage relative to our competitors that have less debt;

•

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate; and

•

limiting our ability to borrow additional funds, or to dispose of assets to raise funds, if needed, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other corporate purposes.

In addition, a breach of any of the restrictions or covenants in our existing debt agreements could cause a cross-default under other debt agreements. A significant portion of our debt then may become immediately due and payable. We are not certain whether, if this were to occur, we would have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. If any of our debt is accelerated, our assets may not be sufficient to repay such debt in full.

Government regulation may affect the priority of the notes in the case of a bankruptcy or liquidation.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) created a new resolution regime known as the “orderly liquidation authority,” which may apply to us as a bank holding company. Under the orderly liquidation authority, the FDIC may be appointed as receiver for an entity for purposes of liquidating the entity if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that the entity is in severe financial distress and that the entity’s failure would have serious adverse effects on the U.S. financial system.

If the FDIC is appointed as receiver under the orderly liquidation authority, then the Dodd-Frank Act, rather than applicable insolvency laws, would determine the powers of the receiver, and the rights and obligations of creditors and other parties who have dealt with the institution. There are substantial differences in the rights of creditors under the orderly liquidation authority compared to those under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, including the right of the FDIC to disregard the strict priority of creditor claims in some circumstances, the use of an administrative claims procedure to determine creditors’ claims (as opposed to the judicial procedure utilized in bankruptcy proceedings) and the right of the FDIC to transfer claims to a “bridge” entity. As a consequence of the rights of the FDIC under the orderly liquidation authority, the holders of the Subordinated Notes may be fully subordinated to interests held by the U.S. government in the event that we enter into a receivership, insolvency, liquidation or similar proceeding. While the FDIC has

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issued regulations to implement the orderly liquidation authority, not all aspects of how the FDIC might exercise this authority are known and additional rulemakings are likely. Further, it is uncertain how the FDIC might exercise its discretion under the orderly liquidation authority in a particular case.

The indenture has limited covenants and does not contain any limitations on our ability to grant or incur a lien on our assets, sell or otherwise dispose of assets, pay dividends or repurchase our capital stock, which means your investment may not be protected.

In addition to the absence of any restrictions on us or our subsidiaries on incurring any additional debt or other liabilities, we are not restricted under the indenture from granting security interests over our assets, or from paying dividends or issuing or repurchasing our securities. Also, there are no covenants in the indenture requiring us to achieve or maintain any minimum financial results relating to our financial position or results of operations. You are not protected under the indenture in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, default under our existing indebtedness, restructuring, merger or similar transaction that may adversely affect our ability to make payments on the notes when due.

Our access to funds from the Bank may become limited, thereby restricting our ability to make payments on our obligations.

The Company is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank and our other subsidiaries. Our principal sources of funds to make payments on the notes and our other obligations are dividends, distributions and other payments from the Bank.

Federal and state banking regulations limit dividends from the Bank to us. Generally, banks are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below regulatory minimum capital levels. Additionally, limits exist on banks paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods. Federal bank regulatory agencies also have the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting its business. The payment of dividends or other transfers of funds to us, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, could be deemed an unsafe or unsound practice.

Dividend payments from the Bank would also be prohibited under the “prompt corrective action” regulations of federal bank regulators if the Bank is, or after payment of such dividends would be, undercapitalized under such regulations. In addition, the Bank is subject to restrictions under federal law that limit its ability to transfer funds or other items of value to us and our non-bank subsidiaries, including affiliates, whether in the form of loans and other extensions of credit, investments and asset purchases, or as other transactions involving the transfer of value. Unless an exemption applies, these transactions by the Bank with us are limited to 10% of the Bank’s capital stock and surplus and, with respect to all such transactions with affiliates in the aggregate, to 20% of the Bank’s capital stock and surplus. Moreover, loans and extensions of credit by the Bank to its affiliates, including us, generally are required to be secured in specified amounts. A bank’s transactions with its non-bank affiliates also are required generally to be on arm’s-length terms.

Accordingly, we can provide no assurance that we will receive dividends or other distributions from our subsidiaries, including the Bank, in an amount sufficient to pay interest on or principal of the notes.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt, including the notes.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal and interest, or to satisfy our obligations in respect of our debt or to refinance our debt, will depend on the future performance of our operating subsidiaries, primarily the Bank. Prevailing economic conditions (including interest rates), regulatory constraints, including, among other things, limiting distributions to us from the Bank and required capital levels with respect to the Bank and certain of our nonbank subsidiaries, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, will also affect our ability to meet these needs. Our subsidiaries may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or we may be unable to obtain future borrowings in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt, or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt when needed on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

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Regulatory guidelines may restrict our ability to pay the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on, the notes, regardless of whether we are the subject of an insolvency proceeding.

As a bank holding company, our ability to pay the principal of, and interest on, the notes is subject to the rules and guidelines of the Federal Reserve regarding capital adequacy. We intend to treat the notes as “Tier 2 capital” under these rules and guidelines. The Federal Reserve guidelines generally require us to review the effects of the cash payment of Tier 2 capital instruments, such as the notes, on our overall financial condition. The guidelines also require that we review our net income for the current and past four quarters, and the amounts we have paid on Tier 2 capital instruments for those periods, as well as our projected rate of earnings retention. Moreover, pursuant to federal law and the Federal Reserve regulations, as a bank holding company, we are required to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank and commit resources to its support, including the guarantee of its capital plans if it becomes undercapitalized. Such support may be required at times when we may not otherwise be inclined or able to provide it. As a result of the foregoing, we may be unable to pay accrued interest on the notes on one or more of the scheduled interest payment dates, or at any other time, or the principal of the notes at the maturity of the notes.

If we were to be the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the bankruptcy trustee would be deemed to have assumed, and would be required to cure, immediately any deficit under any commitment we have to any of the federal banking agencies to maintain the capital of the Bank, and any other insured depository institution for which we have such a responsibility, and any claim for breach of such obligation would generally have priority over most other unsecured claims.

Holders of the notes will have limited rights, including limited rights of acceleration, if there is an event of default.

Payment of principal on the notes may be accelerated only in the case of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving us or the Bank. There is no automatic acceleration, or right of acceleration, in the case of default in the payment of principal of or interest on the notes, or in the performance of any of our other obligations under the notes or the indenture. Our regulators can, in the event we or the Bank become subject to an enforcement action, prohibit the Bank from paying dividends to us, and prevent payment of interest or principal on the notes and any dividends on our capital stock, but such limits will not permit acceleration of the notes.

Your ability to transfer the notes may be limited by the absence of an active trading market, and there is no assurance that any active trading market will develop for the notes.

The notes are a new issue of securities for which there is no established trading market, and we do not intend to apply for listing of the notes on any securities exchange or for quotation of the notes on a quotation system following registration of the notes pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement. In addition, the liquidity of any trading market for the notes, if any, will depend upon, among other things, the number of holders of the notes, our performance and prospects, the market for similar securities, the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the notes and other factors. As a result, we cannot provide you with any assurance regarding whether a trading market for the notes will develop or the ability of holders of the notes to sell their notes.

The market value of the notes may be less than the principal amount of the notes.

If a market develops for the notes, the prices at which holders may be able to sell their notes may be affected, potentially adversely, by a number of factors. These factors include: the method of calculating the principal, premium, if any, interest or other amounts payable, if any, on the notes; the time remaining to maturity of the notes; the ranking of the notes; the aggregate amount outstanding of the notes; any redemption or repayment features of the notes; any changes in the ratings on the notes provided by any rating agency; the prevailing interest rates being paid by other companies similar to us; the level, direction, and volatility of market interest rates generally; general economic conditions of the capital markets in the United States; geopolitical conditions and other financial, political, regulatory, and judicial events that affect the capital markets generally; the extent of any market-making activities, if any, with respect to the

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notes; and the operating performance of the Bank. Often, the only way to liquidate your investment in the notes prior to maturity will be to sell the notes. At that time, there may be a very illiquid market for the notes or no market at all.

Our credit ratings may not reflect all risks of an investment in the notes, and changes in our credit ratings may adversely affect your investment in the notes.

The credit ratings of our indebtedness are an assessment by rating agencies of our ability to pay our debts when due. These ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell the notes, inasmuch as the ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor, are limited in scope, and do not address all material risks relating to an investment in the notes, but rather reflect only the view of each rating agency at the time the rating is issued. The ratings are based on current and historical information furnished to the rating agencies by us and information obtained by the rating agencies from other sources. An explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from such rating agency. There can be no assurance that such credit ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time, or that such ratings will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the rating agencies, if, in each rating agency’s judgment, circumstances so warrant.

The credit ratings assigned to the notes may not reflect the potential impact of all risks related to structure and other factors on any trading market for, or trading value of, the notes. In addition, any real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the trading market for, or the trading value of, the notes. Accordingly, you should consult your own financial and legal advisors as to the risks entailed in an investment in the notes and the suitability of investing in the notes in light of your particular circumstances.

The notes are not an insured deposit.

Your investment in the notes will not be a bank deposit and would not be insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Your investment will be subject to investment risk, and you must be capable of affording the loss of your entire investment.

USE OF PROCEEDS

The exchange offer is intended to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the exchange offer. In consideration for issuing the New Notes as contemplated by this prospectus, we will receive for cancellation a like principal amount of the Old Notes. Old Notes that are surrendered in exchange for New Notes will be retired and cancelled and will not be reissued. Accordingly, the issuance of the New Notes under the exchange offer will not result in any increase in our outstanding indebtedness.

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THE EXCHANGE OFFER

General

In connection with the issuance of the Old Notes, we entered into registration rights agreements with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes, which provides for the exchange offer we are making pursuant to this prospectus. The exchange offer will permit eligible holders of Old Notes to exchange their Old Notes for New Notes that are identical in all material respects with the Old Notes, except that:

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the New Notes have been registered with the SEC under the Securities Act and, as a result, will not bear any legend restricting their transfer;

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the New Notes bear different CUSIP numbers from the Old Notes;

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the New Notes generally will not be subject to transfer restrictions;

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holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights under the registration rights agreement or otherwise; and

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because the New Notes will not be entitled to registration rights, holders of the New Notes will not have the right to additional interest under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreement relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations.

The New Notes will evidence the same debt as the Old Notes. Holders of the New Notes will be entitled to the benefits of the indenture. Accordingly, the New Notes and the Old Notes will be treated as a single series of subordinated debt securities under the indenture. Old Notes that are not accepted for exchange in the exchange offer will remain outstanding and interest on those Old Notes will continue to accrue at the applicable interest rate and be subject to the terms of the applicable indenture.

The exchange offer does not depend on any minimum aggregate principal amount of Old Notes being tendered for exchange.

We intend to conduct the exchange offer in accordance with the provisions of the registration rights agreement, the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, and the related rules and regulations of the SEC applicable to transactions of this type.

We will be deemed to have accepted validly tendered Old Notes if and when we have given oral or written notice to the exchange agent of our acceptance of such Old Notes. Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange offer, delivery of New Notes will be made by the exchange agent after receipt of our notice of acceptance. The exchange agent will act as agent for the holders of Old Notes tendering their Old Notes for the purpose of receiving New Notes from us in exchange for such tendered and accepted Old Notes. The exchange offer is subject to the conditions set forth below under “The Exchange Offer-Conditions.” As a result of these conditions (which may be waived by us, in whole or in part, in our absolute discretion), we may not be required to exchange any of the Old Notes. In such case, or if any tendered Old Notes are not accepted for exchange because of an invalid tender, the occurrence of other events described in this prospectus or otherwise, we will return or cause to be returned the Old Notes not exchanged to the tendering holder after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

If a holder of Old Notes validly tenders Old Notes in the exchange offer, the tendering holder will not be required to pay us brokerage commissions or fees. In addition, subject to the instructions in the letter of transmittal and certain limited exceptions described in this prospectus and the letter of transmittal, the tendering holder will not be required to pay transfer taxes for the exchange of Old Notes. Subject to certain exceptions described in this prospectus, we will pay all of the expenses in connection with the exchange offer, other than certain applicable taxes. See “The Exchange Offer — Fees and Expenses.”

Holders of outstanding Old Notes do not have any appraisal, dissenters’ or similar rights in connection with the exchange offer. Outstanding Old Notes that are not tendered, or are tendered but not accepted, in connection with the exchange offer will remain outstanding. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to the Exchange Offer.”

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NEITHER WE NOR THE EXCHANGE AGENT ARE MAKING ANY RECOMMENDATION TO THE HOLDERS OF THE OUTSTANDING OLD NOTES AS TO WHETHER TO TENDER OR REFRAIN FROM TENDERING ALL OR ANY PORTION OF THEIR OUTSTANDING OLD NOTES IN THE EXCHANGE OFFER. IN ADDITION, NEITHER WE NOR THE EXCHANGE AGENT HAVE AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO MAKE ANY SUCH RECOMMENDATION. HOLDERS OF THE OUTSTANDING OLD NOTES MUST MAKE THEIR OWN DECISION WHETHER TO TENDER PURSUANT TO THE EXCHANGE OFFER, AND, IF SO, THE AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF OUTSTANDING OLD NOTES TO TENDER AFTER READING THIS PROSPECTUS AND THE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CONSULTING WITH THEIR ADVISERS, IF ANY, BASED ON THEIR FINANCIAL POSITION AND INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS.

Registration Rights Agreement

We issued the Old Notes in a private placement except from the registration requirements under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. In connection with the issuance of the Old Notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes, and we are making the exchange offer to comply with our contractual obligations under the registration rights agreement.

The following provides a summary of certain terms of the registration rights agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete registration rights agreement, which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Under the terms of the registration rights agreement, we agreed to register the New Notes and undertake the exchange offer. The exchange offer is intended to satisfy the rights of holders of Old Notes under that registration rights agreement. After the exchange offer is completed, we will have no further obligations, except under the limited circumstances described below, to provide for any exchange or undertake any further registration with respect to the Old Notes.

Under the terms of the registration rights agreement, we agreed, among other things, to use commercially reasonable efforts to:

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file a registration statement with the SEC on or prior to the 90th day after September 23, 2022 with respect to a registered offer to exchange the Registrable Securities (as defined below) for the New Notes;

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cause that registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC no later than the 120th day after September 23, 2022;

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cause that registration statement to remain effective until the closing of the exchange offer; and

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consummate the exchange offer no later than 45 days after the effective date of that registration statement.

“Registrable Securities” means the Old Notes, but any Old Notes cease to be Registrable Securities when: (i) a registration statement with respect to such Old Notes shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such Old Notes shall have been disposed of pursuant to such registration statement, (ii) such Old Notes shall have been sold to the public pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in force, but not Rule 144A under the Securities Act) under the Securities Act or are eligible to be resold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act without regard to the public information requirements thereunder, (iii) such Old Notes shall have ceased to be outstanding, (iv) such Old Notes, to the extent eligible for exchange under an exchange offer registration statement that was declared effective under the Securities Act, were not exchanged, at the election of the holder, during the period that the exchange offer was open, or (v) such Old Notes have been exchanged for New Notes, which have been registered pursuant to the exchange offer registration statement upon consummation of the exchange offer, unless in the case of any New Notes referred to in this clause (v), such New Notes are held by any participating broker-dealer who holds Registrable Securities acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities or otherwise are not freely tradable by such participating broker-dealers without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act (in which case, such New Notes will be deemed to be Registrable Securities until such time as such New Notes are sold to a purchaser in whose hands such New Notes are freely tradeable without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act).

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We also agreed to commence the exchange offer promptly after the effectiveness of the registration statement and keep the exchange offer open for not less than 20 business days, or longer if required by applicable law, after the date on which notice of the exchange offer is mailed to the holders of the Old Notes.

We also agreed to issue and exchange New Notes for all Old Notes validly tendered and not validly withdrawn before the expiration of the exchange offer. We are sending this prospectus, together with a letter of transmittal, to all the holders of the Old Notes known to us. For each Old Note validly tendered to us in the exchange offer and not validly withdrawn, the holder will receive a New Note having a principal amount equal to the principal amount of the tendered Old Note. Old Notes may be exchanged, and New Notes will be issued, only in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.

We further agreed that, under certain circumstances, we would file a shelf registration statement with the SEC that would allow resales by certain holders of the Old Notes in lieu of such holders participating in the exchange offer.

Eligibility; Transferability

We are making the exchange offer in reliance on interpretations of the Securities Act by the staff of the SEC set forth in several no-action letters issued to other parties. We have not sought or received our own no-action letter from the staff of the SEC with respect to the exchange offer and the related transactions, and there can be no assurance that the staff of the SEC will make a determination in the case of the exchange offer and such transactions that is similar to its determinations in the above mentioned no-action letters. However, based on these existing SEC staff interpretations, we believe that you, or any other person receiving New Notes, may offer for resale, resell or otherwise transfer the New Notes without complying with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, provided that:

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you are not, nor is any such person, an “affiliate” of ours within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act;

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you are, or the person receiving the New Notes is, acquiring the New Notes in the ordinary course of business;

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you do not, nor does any such person, have an arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in any distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the New Notes;

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you are not acting on behalf of any person who could not truthfully make these statements.

To participate in the exchange offer, you must represent as a holder of Old Notes that each of these statements is true.

In addition, in order for broker-dealers registered under the Exchange Act to participate in the exchange offer, each such broker-dealer must also: (i) represent that it is participating in the exchange offer for its own account and is exchanging Old Notes acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities; (ii) confirm that it has not entered into any arrangement or understanding with us or any of our affiliates to distribute the New Notes; and (iii) acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of the New Notes. The letter of transmittal to be delivered in connection with a tender of the Old Notes states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus such broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of the New Notes received in exchange for the Old Notes where such Old Notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, for a period of 180 days following the expiration date of the exchange offer, we will amend or supplement this prospectus to expedite or facilitate the disposition of any New Notes by such broker-dealers.

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Any holder of Old Notes (i) who is our affiliate, (ii) who does not acquire the New Notes in the ordinary course of business, (iii) who participates in or intends to participate in the exchange offer for the purpose of, or with a view to, distributing the New Notes, or (iv) who is a broker-dealer who purchased the Old Notes directly from us:

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will not be able to rely on the interpretations of the staff of the SEC set forth in the no-action letters described above;

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will not be able to tender Old Notes in the exchange offer; and

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must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any sale or transfer of the New Notes, unless the sale or transfer is made pursuant to an exemption from those requirements.

The exchange offer is not being made to, nor will we accept tenders for exchange from, holders of Old Notes in any jurisdiction in which the exchange offer or the acceptance of the exchange offer would not be in compliance with the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdiction.

Expiration of the Exchange Offer; Extensions; Amendments

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on , 2022, or at such later date or time to which we may extend the exchange offer. We refer to such date, as it may be extended, as the expiration date. To extend the exchange offer, we will notify the exchange agent and each registered holder of the Old Notes of any extension before 9:00 a.m., Eastern time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled expiration date. During any such extension, all Old Notes previously tendered will remain subject to the exchange offer and may be accepted for exchange by us.

We reserve the right to extend the exchange offer, delay accepting any tendered Old Notes or, if any of the conditions described below under the heading “The Exchange Offer-Conditions” have not been satisfied, to terminate the exchange offer. We also reserve the right to amend the terms of the exchange offer in any manner. We will give oral or written notice of any delay, extension or termination of, or amendment to, the exchange offer to the exchange agent. We will keep the exchange offer open for not less than 20 business days, or longer if required by applicable law, after the date on which notice of the exchange offer is given to holders of the Old Notes.

If we amend the exchange offer in a manner that we consider material, we will disclose that amendment by means of a prospectus supplement, and we will extend the exchange offer so that at least five business days remain in the exchange offer following notice of the material change.

If we terminate or withdraw the exchange offer, we will promptly pay the consideration offered, or return any Old Notes deposited, under the exchange offer as required by Rule 14e-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

Conditions

The exchange offer is not conditioned on any minimum aggregate principal amount of Old Notes being tendered or accepted for exchange. Notwithstanding any other term of the exchange offer, we will not be required to accept for exchange, or issue any New Notes for, any Old Notes and may terminate or amend the exchange offer before the acceptance of the Old Notes, if:

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such Old Notes are tendered to us other than in accordance with the terms and conditions of the exchange offer;

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we determine that the exchange offer, or the making of any exchange by a holder, violates any applicable law or any applicable interpretation by the staff of the SEC; or

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any action or proceeding is instituted or threatened in any court or by or before any governmental agency with respect to the exchange offer which, in our judgment, would reasonably be expected to impair our ability to proceed with the exchange offer.

The conditions listed above are for our sole benefit and may be asserted by us regardless of the circumstances giving rise to any of these conditions. We reserve the absolute right to waive these conditions

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in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in our sole discretion prior to the expiration date, subject to applicable law. Our failure at any time to exercise any of the above rights will not be considered a waiver of that right, and that right will be considered an ongoing right which we may assert at any time and from time to time.

In addition, we will not accept for exchange any Old Notes tendered, and no New Notes will be issued in exchange for those Old Notes, if at any time any stop order is threatened or issued by the SEC with respect to the registration statement for the exchange offer and the New Notes or the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). In any such event, we must use our commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any such stop order as soon as practicable and provide prompt notice to each holder of the withdrawal of any such stop order.

Further, we will not be obligated to accept for exchange the Old Notes of any holder that has not made to us the representations described under “The Exchange Offer-Eligibility; Transferability” and “Plan of Distribution.”

Procedures for Tendering Old Notes

In order to participate in the exchange offer, you must validly tender your Old Notes to the exchange agent as described below. It is your responsibility to validly tender your Old Notes.

If you have any questions or need help in exchanging your Old Notes, please contact the exchange agent, whose address, phone number and email address are set forth below in “The Exchange Offer — Exchange Agent.”

Certain of the Old Notes were issued in book-entry form and are currently represented by a global certificate held for the account of DTC. Accordingly, DTC will be the only entity that can tender your Old Notes for New Notes. Therefore, to tender Old Notes subject to the exchange offer and to obtain New Notes you must:

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Comply with DTC’s ATOP procedures described below; and

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The exchange agent must receive a timely confirmation of a book-entry transfer of the Old Notes in its account at DTC through ATOP pursuant to the procedure for book-entry transfer described below, along with a properly transmitted “agent’s message” (as defined below), before the expiration date of the exchange offer.

Following receipt, the exchange agent will establish an ATOP account with DTC for purposes of the exchange offer promptly after the commencement of the exchange offer. Any financial institution that is a DTC participant, including your broker or bank, may make a book-entry tender of outstanding Old Notes by causing the book-entry transfer of such Old Notes into our ATOP account in accordance with DTC’s procedures for such transfers. In connection with the transfer, DTC must send an “agent’s message” to the exchange agent on or prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer.

The term “agent’s message” means a message transmitted by the DTC participants to DTC, and thereafter transmitted by DTC to the exchange agent, which states that DTC has received an express acknowledgement from the participant stating that such participant and beneficial holder agree to be bound by the terms of the exchange offer, including the letter of transmittal, and that the agreement may be enforced against such participant.

Each agent’s message must include the following information:

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name of the beneficial owner tendering such Old Notes; and

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account number of the beneficial owner tendering such Old Notes;

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principal amount of Old Notes tendered by such beneficial owner; and

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a confirmation that the beneficial owner of the Old Notes has made the representations for our benefit set forth under “— Representations” below.

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The delivery of the Old Notes through DTC, and any transmission of an agent’s message through ATOP, is at the election and risk of the person tendering Old Notes. If we do not accept any tendered Old Notes for exchange or if Old Notes are submitted for a greater principal amount than the holder desires to exchange, the unaccepted or non-exchanged Old Notes will be returned, without expense, to their tendering holder. Such non-exchanged Old Notes will be credited to an account maintained with DTC. These actions will occur promptly after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

The tender by a holder of Old Notes that is not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer and that is accepted by us will constitute a binding agreement between us and the holder in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and in the accompanying letter of transmittal. By using the ATOP procedures to exchange Old Notes, you will not be required to deliver a letter of transmittal to the exchange agent. However, you will be bound by its terms, and you will be deemed to have made the acknowledgements and the representations and warranties it contains, just as if you had signed it.

Certain of the Old Notes were issued in physical form to certain initial purchasers. Accordingly, such holders of Old Notes must physically tender their Old Notes for New Notes. Therefore, to tender Old Notes represented in physical form subject to the exchange offer and to obtain New Notes you must transmit to the exchange agent, at its address listed under “— Exchange Agent”:

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the physical Old Note;

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a properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal; and

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all other documents required by the letter of transmittal.

The tender by a holder of Old Notes represented in physical form that is not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer and that is accepted by us will constitute a binding agreement between us and the holder in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and in the accompanying letter of transmittal. You will be required to deliver the physical note and a letter of transmittal to the exchange agent and will be bound by the letter of transmittal terms.

There is no procedure for guaranteed late delivery of the Old Notes in connection with the exchange offer.

We will determine all questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance and withdrawal of tendered Old Notes in our sole discretion. We reserve the absolute right to reject any and all Old Notes not properly tendered or any Old Notes whose acceptance by us would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the right to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to any particular Old Notes either before or after the expiration date. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer (including the instructions in the accompanying letter of transmittal) will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of Old Notes must be cured within a time period we will reasonably determine. Although we intend to request the exchange agent to notify holders of defects or irregularities relating to tenders of Old Notes, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will have any duty or incur any liability for failure to give such notification. Tenders of Old Notes will not be considered to have been made until such defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. If we waive any terms or conditions with respect to a noteholder, we will extend the same waiver to all noteholders with respect to that term or condition. Any Old Notes received by the exchange agent that are not validly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned by the exchange agent, without expense, to the tendering holders, unless otherwise provided in the accompanying letter of transmittal, promptly following the expiration date of the exchange offer.

Representations

By tendering Old Notes, each holder is deemed to have represented to us all of the representations contained in the letter of transmittal, including that:

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any New Notes that you receive will be acquired in the ordinary course of business;

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you are not participating in the exchange offer with a view to distribute any New Notes nor do you have any arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the New Notes in violation of the provisions of the Securities Act;

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you are not an “affiliate” (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act);

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if you are a broker-dealer that will receive New Notes for your own account in exchange for Old Notes, you acquired those New Notes as a result of market-making or other trading activities, and you will satisfy any applicable prospectus delivery requirements in connection with any resale of such New Notes; and

•

the undersigned is not acting on behalf of any person or entity who could not truthfully make the foregoing representations and warranties.

Proper Execution and Delivery of Letter of Transmittal

Generally, an eligible institution must guarantee signatures on a letter of transmittal or notice of withdrawal unless:

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you tender your Old Notes as the registered holder and the New Notes issued in exchange for your Old Notes are to be issued in your name and delivered to you at your registered address appearing on the security register for the Old Notes; or

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you tender your Old Notes for the account of an eligible institution.

For the purposes of this prospectus, an “eligible institution” means an “eligible guarantor institution” as defined by Rule 17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act which is a member of a recognized signature guarantee program (i.e., Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, Stock Exchange Medallion Program or New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program).

If the letter of transmittal is signed by the holder(s) of Old Notes tendered thereby, the signature(s) must correspond with the name(s) as written on the face of the Old Notes without alteration, enlargement or any change whatsoever. If any of the Old Notes tendered are held by two or more holders, all such holders must sign the letter of transmittal. If any of the Old Notes tendered thereby are registered in different names on different Old Notes, it will be necessary to complete, sign and submit as many separate letters of transmittal, and any accompanying documents, as there are different registrations of certificates.

If Old Notes that are not tendered for exchange under the exchange offer are to be returned to a person other than the holder thereof, certificates for such Old Notes must be endorsed or accompanied by an appropriate instrument of transfer, signed exactly as the name of the registered owner appears on the certificates, with the signatures on the certificates or instruments of transfer guaranteed by an eligible institution.

If the letter of transmittal is signed by a person other than the holder of any Old Notes listed therein, those Old Notes must be properly endorsed or accompanied by a properly completed bond power, signed by such holder exactly as such holder’s name appears on such Old Notes. If the letter of transmittal or any Old Notes, bond powers or other instruments of transfer are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, those persons should so indicate when signing, and, unless waived by us, evidence satisfactory to us of their authority to so act must be submitted with the letter of transmittal.

No alternative, conditional, irregular or contingent tenders will be accepted. By executing the letter of transmittal (or facsimile thereof), the tendering holders of Old Notes waive any right to receive any notice of the acceptance for exchange of their Old Notes. Tendering holders should indicate in the applicable box in the letter of transmittal the name and address to which payments and/or substitute certificates evidencing Old Notes for amounts not tendered or not exchanged are to be issued or sent, if different from the name and address of the person signing the letter of transmittal. If no such instructions are given, Old Notes not tendered or exchanged will be returned to the tendering holder.

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All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt), and acceptance and withdrawal of tendered Old Notes will be determined by us in our absolute discretion, which determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any and all tendered Old Notes determined by us not to be in proper form or not to be properly tendered or any tendered Old Notes our acceptance of which would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the right to waive, in our absolute discretion, any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular Old Notes, whether or not waived in the case of other Old Notes. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer (including the instructions in the letter of transmittal) will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of Old Notes must be cured within such time as we will determine. Although we intend to notify holders of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of Old Notes, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will be under any duty to give such notification or will incur any liability for failure to give any such notification. Tenders of Old Notes will not be deemed to have been made until such defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any holder whose Old Notes have been mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed will be responsible for obtaining replacement securities or for arranging for indemnification with the trustee of the Old Notes. Holders may contact the exchange agent for assistance with these matters.

Withdrawal of Tenders

Except as otherwise provided in this prospectus, you may validly withdraw your tender of Old Notes at any time prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. For a withdrawal for Old Notes represented by global certificates to be effective you must comply with the appropriate procedures of DTC’s ATOP system prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. Any such notice of withdrawal must:

•

specify the name of the tendering holder of Old Notes;

•

the principal amount of the Old Notes delivered for exchange;

•

specify the name and number of the account at DTC to be credited with the withdrawn Old Notes; and

•

a statement that such holder is withdrawing its election to have such Old Notes exchanged.

For a withdrawal to be effective Old Notes represented by physical certificates you must comply with the appropriate procedures prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer. Any such notice of withdrawal must:

•

specify the name of the tendering holder of Old Notes;

•

the principal amount of the Old Notes delivered for exchange; and

•

a statement that such holder is withdrawing its election to have such Old Notes exchanged.

We will determine all questions as to the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) of such withdrawal notices. Any Old Notes so withdrawn will be considered not to have been validly tendered for purposes of the applicable exchange offer, and no New Notes will be issued in exchange for such Old Notes unless the Old Notes withdrawn are validly re-tendered. Any Old Notes which have been tendered but which are not accepted for exchange or which are withdrawn will be returned to the holder, without expense to such holder, promptly after withdrawal, rejection of tender or termination of the applicable exchange offer. Validly withdrawn Old Notes may be re-tendered by following one of the procedures described above under “— Procedures for Tendering Old Notes” at any time prior to the expiration date of the exchange offer.

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Exchange Agent

UMB Bank, N.A., the trustee under the indenture, has been appointed the exchange agent for the exchange offer. Letters of transmittal and all correspondence in connection with the exchange offer should be sent or delivered by each holder of Old Notes, or a beneficial owner’s commercial bank, broker, dealer, trust company or other nominee, to the exchange agent as follows:

By Hand, Overnight Delivery or Mail (Registered or Certified Mail Recommended):

UMB Bank, N.A.
5555 San Felipe, Suite 870
Houston, Texas 77056
Attention: Mauri J. Cowen / Corporate Trust

For additional information, you may contact the exchange agent by calling (713) 300-0587 or by emailing mauri.cowen@umb.com.

We will pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services (including attorneys’ fees) and will reimburse it for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the exchange offer.

Fees and Expenses

We will bear the expenses of soliciting tenders of the Old Notes and issuance of the New Notes. The principal solicitation is being made by mail. However, we may make additional solicitations by email, telephone or in person by our officers and employees and those of our affiliates.

We have not retained any dealer-manager in connection with the exchange offer and will not make any payments to broker-dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the exchange offer. As indicated above, we will, however, pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services and reimburse it for its related reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We will also pay any other cash expenses that we incur in connection with the exchange offer.

Except as described below, we will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the exchange of Old Notes under the exchange offer. The tendering holder will be required to pay any transfer taxes, whether imposed on the registered holder or any other person, if:

•

New Notes and/or substitute Old Notes not exchanged are to be delivered to, or registered or issued in the name of, any person other than the registered holder of the Old Notes so exchanged;

•

tendered Old Notes are registered in the name of any person other than the person signing the letter of transmittal; or

•

a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the exchange of Old Notes under the exchange offer.

If satisfactory evidence of payment of transfer taxes is not submitted with the letter of transmittal, the amount of any transfer taxes will be billed to the tendering holder.

Accounting Treatment

We will record the New Notes at the same carrying value as the Old Notes reflected in our accounting records on the date of the exchange. Accordingly, we will not recognize any gain or loss for accounting purposes upon completion of the exchange offer.

Consequences of Failure to Exchange

Old Notes that are not exchanged will remain “restricted securities” within the meaning of
Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act and will be subject to the restrictions on transfer described in the Old Notes.

Accordingly, such Old Notes may not be offered, sold, pledged, or otherwise transferred except:

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•

to us or to any of our subsidiaries;

•

under a registration statement that has been declared effective under the Securities Act;

•

for so long as the Old Notes are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, to a person the holder of the Old Notes and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believes is a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act, that purchases for its own account or for the account of another qualified institutional buyer, in each case, to whom notice is given that the transfer is being made in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act; or

•

under any other available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act (in which case we and the trustee shall have the right to require the delivery of an opinion of counsel (at the holder’s sole cost), certifications and/or other information satisfactory to us and the trustee),

in each case, subject to compliance with any applicable foreign, federal, state or other securities laws.

Upon completion of the exchange offer, due to the restrictions on transfer of the Old Notes and the absence of such restrictions applicable to the New Notes, it is likely that the market, if any, for Old Notes will be relatively less liquid than the market for New Notes. Consequently, holders of Old Notes who do not participate in the exchange offer could experience significant diminution in the value of their Old Notes, compared to the value of the New Notes. The holders of Old Notes not tendered will have no further registration rights, except that, under limited circumstances specified in the registration rights agreement, we may be required to file a shelf registration statement covering resales of Old Notes.

Additional Information Regarding the Registration Rights Agreement

As noted above, we are effecting the exchange offer to comply with our contractual obligations under the registration rights agreement. The registration rights agreement requires us to cause an exchange offer registration statement to be filed with the SEC under the Securities Act, use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to become effective, and satisfy certain other obligations, within certain time periods.

In the event that:

•

the registration statement is not filed with the SEC on or prior to the 90th day after September 23, 2022;

•

the registration statement is not declared effective by the SEC on or prior to the 120th day after September 23, 2022;

•

the exchange offer is not consummated within 45 days following the effective date of the registration statement;

•

if required, a shelf registration statement is not filed with the SEC on or prior to (A) the 180th day following September 23, 2022 or (B) the 90th day after the obligation to file a shelf registration statement with the SEC arises, whichever is later;

•

if required, a shelf registration statement is not effective on or prior to (A) the 225th day following September 23, 2022 or (B) the 105th day after an obligation to file with the SEC a shelf registration statement arises, whichever is later;

•

a shelf registration statement is effective with the SEC but such shelf registration statement ceases to be effective or such shelf registration statement or the prospectus included therein ceases to be usable in connection with resales of the Registrable Securities for any reason and (A) the aggregate number of days in any consecutive 365-day period for which the shelf registration statement or such prospectus shall not be effective or usable exceeds 120 days, (B) the shelf registration statement or such prospectus shall not be effective or usable for more than two periods (regardless of duration) in any consecutive 365-day period, or (C) the shelf registration statement or such prospectus shall not be effective or usable for a period of more than 90 consecutive days; or

•

the registration statement is effective with the SEC but, if the registration statement is being used in connection with the resale of the New Notes, the registration statement ceases to be effective or the

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registration statement or the prospectus included therein ceases to be usable in connection with resales of New Notes due to any act or omission of the Company during the 180-day period following the last date on which exchanges are accepted and (A) the aggregate number of days in any consecutive 365-day period for which the registration statement or such prospectus shall not be effective or usable exceeds 120 days, (B) the registration statement or such prospectus shall not be effective or usable for more than two periods (regardless of duration) in any consecutive 365-day period, or (C) the registration statement or the prospectus shall not be effective or usable for a period of more than 90 consecutive days

the interest rate on the Old Notes will be increased by 0.25% per annum immediately following the applicable date of such registration default and will increase by an additional 0.25% per annum immediately following each 90-day period during which additional interest accrues, but in no event will such increase exceed 0.50% per annum. If at any time more than one registration default has occurred and is continuing, the increase in interest rate will apply as if there occurred a single registration default that begins on the date that the earliest such registration default occurred and ends on such date that there is no registration default. Following the cure of all such registration defaults, the accrual of additional interest will cease and the interest rate will be reduced to the original interest rate borne by the Old Notes.

Our obligation to register the New Notes will terminate upon completion of the exchange offer. However, under certain limited circumstances specified in the registration rights agreement, we may be required to file a shelf registration statement covering resales of the Old Notes.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

On September 23, 2022, we issued $20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of our 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032, which we collectively refer to in this prospectus as the Old Notes. The Old Notes were issued in private placement transactions to certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors and, as such, were not registered under the Securities Act. The Old Notes were issued under the indenture, dated September 23, 2022, by and between Pathward Financial, Inc., as issuer, and UMB Bank, N.A., as trustee, which we refer to as the indenture. The term “notes” refers collectively to the Old Notes and the New Notes.

The New Notes will be issued under the indenture and will evidence the same debt as the Old Notes. The terms of the New Notes are identical in all material respects to those of the Old Notes, except that:

•

the New Notes have been registered with the SEC under the Securities Act and, as a result, will not bear any legend restricting their transfer;

•

the New Notes bear different CUSIP numbers from the Old Notes;

•

the New Notes are generally not subject to transfer restrictions;

•

holders of the New Notes are not entitled to registration rights under the registration rights agreement that we entered into with the initial purchasers of the Old Notes or otherwise; and

•

because holders of New Notes are not entitled to registration rights, holders of the New Notes will not have the right to additional interest under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreement relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations.

The New Notes will be issued only in registered form without interest coupons and in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. The New Notes will be evidenced by one or more global notes deposited with the trustee for the New Notes, as custodian for DTC, and transfers of beneficial interests will be facilitated only through records maintained by DTC and its participants.

The terms of the New Notes include those stated in the indenture and those made part of the indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The following provides a summary of certain terms of the indenture and the New Notes. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete indenture, which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and to the form of notes, which is included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We urge you to read the indenture and the form of notes because those documents, not this summary description, define your rights as holders of the New Notes. Whenever we refer to the defined terms of the indenture in this prospectus without defining them, the terms have the meanings given to them in the indenture. You must look to the indenture for the most complete description of the information summarized in this prospectus.

General

The exchange offer for the New Notes will be for up to $20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Old Notes. The New Notes, together with any Old Notes that remain outstanding after the exchange offer, will be treated as a single series for all purposes of the indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, consents, amendments, redemptions and offers to purchase.

Principal, Maturity and Interest

The interest terms of the New Notes are materially identical to the interest terms as the Old Notes, except with respect to additional interest that may be earned on the Old Notes under circumstances relating to our registration obligations under the registration rights agreement. Interest on the notes will accrue from and including September 23, 2022. The notes will mature and become payable, unless earlier redeemed, on September 30, 2032.

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From and including September 23, 2022 to but excluding September 30, 2027 or any earlier redemption date, the New Notes will bear interest at a fixed annual rate equal to 6.625%, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 30 and September 30 of each year, beginning June 1, 2022. During this period, interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. If the due date for any payment of principal or interest falls on a day that is not a business day, the payment of interest and principal will be made on the next succeeding business day, and no interest on such payment shall accrue for the period from and after the scheduled due date.

From, and including, September 30, 2027 to, but excluding, September 30, 2032, unless redeemed prior to September 30, 2032 (such period, the “Floating Rate Period”), the New Notes will bear interest at a rate equal to Three-Month Term SOFR, reset quarterly, plus 314 basis points, or such other rate as determined pursuant to the indenture, payable quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30, and December 30 of each year through September 30, 2032 or earlier redemption date. If Three-Month Term SOFR (or other applicable floating interest rate) is less than zero, then Three-Month Term SOFR (or other such applicable floating interest rate) shall be deemed to be zero. During this period, interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed, and will be payable quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30, and December 30 of each year commencing on September 30, 2027. See “— Definitions Relating to the Determination of the Floating Interest Rate” and “— Effect of Benchmark Transition Event” below for the definition of Three-Month Term SOFR, a description of the method of its determination, and the alternative methods for determining the applicable floating interest rate for the notes in the event that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR on or prior to the Reference Time (in each case, as defined below).

We will make each interest payment to the holders of record of the notes at the close of business on the fifteenth calendar day prior to the applicable interest payment date, without regard to whether such day is a business day. Payment of interest may be made at our option by mailing a check to the address of the person entitled thereto as shown on the security register or by transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank located in the United States; provided, that the trustee will have received written notice of such account designation at least five business days prior to the date of such payment.

Effect of Benchmark Transition Event

If the Calculation Agent (as defined below) determines prior to the relevant Reference Time (as defined below) that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date (each of such terms as defined below) have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR on or prior to the Reference Time regarding any determination of the Benchmark (as defined below) on any date, then we will promptly provide notice of such determination to the holders of the notes, and the following terms will thereafter apply to all determinations, calculations and quotations made or obtained for the purposes of calculating the floating interest rate payable on the notes during a relevant Floating Rate Period:

•

the Benchmark Replacement will replace the then-current Benchmark (each of such terms as defined below) for all purposes relating to the notes during the Floating Rate Period in respect of such determination on such date and all determinations on all subsequent dates;

•

in connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, the Calculation Agent will have the right to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes from time to time, and such changes shall become effective without consent from the relevant holders of the notes, the trustee or any other party;

•

any determination, decision or election that may be made by the Calculation Agent under the terms of the notes, including any determination with respect to a tenor, rate or adjustment or of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event, circumstance or date and any decision to take or refrain from taking any action or selection (A) will be conclusive and binding on the holders of the notes and the trustee absent manifest error, (B) if made by the Company as Calculation Agent, will be made in the Company’s sole discretion, (C) if made by a Calculation Agent other than the Company, will be made after consultation with the Company, and the Calculation Agent will not make any such determination, decision or election to which the Company reasonably objects and (D) notwithstanding

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anything to the contrary herein, shall become effective without consent from the holders of the notes, the trustee or any other party; and

•

after a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred, interest payable on the notes for the Floating Rate Period will be an annual rate equal to the sum of the applicable Benchmark Replacement plus 314 basis points.

If the then-current Benchmark is Three-Month Term SOFR, the Calculation Agent will have the right to establish the Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions, and if any of the foregoing provisions concerning the calculation of the interest rate and the payment of interest during the Floating Rate Period are inconsistent with any of the Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions determined by the Calculation Agent, then the relevant Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions will apply.

Definitions Relating to the Determination of the Floating Interest Rate

The following definitions apply with respect to the notes and the determination of the Floating Interest Rate:

“Benchmark” means, initially, Three-Month Term SOFR; provided that if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement.

“Benchmark Replacement” means the Interpolated Benchmark (as defined below) with respect to the then-current Benchmark, plus the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment for such Benchmark; provided that if (a) the Calculation Agent cannot determine the Interpolated Benchmark as of the Benchmark Replacement Date or (b) the then-current Benchmark is Three-Month Term SOFR and a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR (in which event no Interpolated Benchmark with respect to Three-Month Term SOFR shall be determined), then “Benchmark Replacement” means the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Calculation Agent, as of the Benchmark Replacement Date:

(a)

The sum of (i) Compounded SOFR (as defined below) and (ii) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment;

(b)

the sum of: (i) the alternate rate of interest that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor (as defined below) and (ii) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment;

(c)

the sum of: (i) the ISDA Fallback Rate and (ii) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; or

(d)

the sum of: (i) the alternate rate of interest that has been selected by the Company as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor giving due consideration to any industry-accepted rate as a replacement for the then-current Benchmark for U.S. Dollar denominated floating rate notes at such time and (ii) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.

“Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Calculation Agent, as of the Benchmark Replacement Date:

(a)

the spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero), that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body for the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement (as defined below);

(b)

if the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement is equivalent to the ISDA Fallback Rate, then the ISDA Fallback Adjustment; or

(c)

the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by the Company giving due consideration to any industry-accepted spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the replacement of the then-current Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for U.S. Dollar denominated floating rate securities at such time.

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“Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes” means, with respect to any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including changes to the definition of “Floating Interest Period,” timing and frequency of determining rates with respect to each Floating Interest Period and making payments of interest, rounding of amounts or tenors and other administrative matters) that the Company decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption of such Benchmark Replacement in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Company decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or if the Company determines that no market practice for use of the Benchmark Replacement exists, in such other manner as the Company determines is reasonably necessary).

“Benchmark Replacement Date” means the earliest to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:

(a)

in the case of clause (a) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the relevant Reference Time in respect of any determination;

(b)

in the case of clause (b) or (c) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the later of (i) the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein and (ii) the date on which the administrator of the Benchmark permanently or indefinitely ceases to provide the Benchmark; or

(c)

in the case of clause (d) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein.

For the avoidance of doubt, if the event giving rise to the Benchmark Replacement Date occurs on the same day as, but earlier than, the Reference Time in respect of any determination, the Benchmark Replacement Date will be deemed to have occurred prior to the Reference Time for such determination.

“Benchmark Transition Event” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:

(a)

if the Benchmark is Three-Month Term SOFR, (i) the Relevant Governmental Body has not selected or recommended a forward-looking term rate for a tenor of three months based on SOFR (as defined below), (ii) the development of a forward-looking term rate for a tenor of three months based on SOFR that has been recommended or selected by the Relevant Governmental Body is not complete or (iii) the Company determines that the use of a forward-looking rate for a tenor of three months based on SOFR is not administratively feasible;

(b)

a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the administrator of the Benchmark announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide the Benchmark, permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide the Benchmark;

(c)

a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of the Benchmark, the central bank for the currency of the Benchmark, an insolvency official with jurisdiction over the administrator for the Benchmark, a resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for the Benchmark or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority over the administrator for the Benchmark, which states that the administrator of the Benchmark has ceased or will cease to provide the Benchmark permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide the Benchmark; or

(d)

a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of the Benchmark announcing that the Benchmark is no longer representative.

“Calculation Agent” means such bank or other entity (which may be the Company or an affiliate of the Company) as may be appointed by the Company to act as Calculation Agent for the Subordinated Notes during the Floating Rate Period. The initial Calculation Agent shall be the Company.

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“Compounded SOFR” means the compounded average of SOFRs for the applicable Corresponding Tenor, with the rate, or methodology for this rate, and conventions for this rate being established by the Company or its designee in accordance with:

(a)

the rate, or methodology for this rate, and conventions for this rate selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body for determining Compounded SOFR; provided that:

(b)

if, and to the extent that, the Company or its designee determines that Compounded SOFR cannot be determined in accordance with clause (a) above, then the rate, or methodology for this rate, and conventions for this rate that have been selected by the Company or its designee giving due consideration to any industry-accepted market practice for U.S. dollar denominated floating rate notes at such time.

For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of Compounded SOFR will exclude the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment and the spread.

“Corresponding Tenor” with respect to a Benchmark Replacement means a tenor (including overnight) having approximately the same length (disregarding any business day adjustment) as the applicable tenor for the then-current Benchmark.

“FRBNY” means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

“FRBNY’s Website” means the website of the FRBNY at http://www.newyorkfed.org or any successor source.

“Interpolated Benchmark” with respect to the Benchmark means the rate determined for the Corresponding Tenor by interpolating on a linear basis between: (1) the Benchmark for the longest period (for which the Benchmark is available) that is shorter than the Corresponding Tenor and (2) the Benchmark for the shortest period (for which the Benchmark is available) that is longer than the Corresponding Tenor.

“ISDA” means the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. or any successor thereto.

“ISDA Definitions” means the 2006 ISDA Definitions published by the ISDA or any successor thereto, as amended or supplemented from time to time, or any successor definitional booklet for interest rate derivatives published from time to time.

“ISDA Fallback Adjustment” means the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be determined upon the occurrence of an index cessation event with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor.

“ISDA Fallback Rate” means the rate that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be effective upon the occurrence of an index cessation date with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor excluding the applicable ISDA Fallback Adjustment.

“Reference Time,” with respect to any determination of a Benchmark means (1) if the Benchmark is Three-Month Term SOFR, the time determined by the Calculation Agent after giving effect to the Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions, and (2) if the Benchmark is not Three-Month Term SOFR, the time determined by the Calculation Agent after giving effect to the Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes.

“Relevant Governmental Body” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any successor regulatory authority with jurisdiction over bank holding companies (the “Federal Reserve”) and/or the FRBNY, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve and/or the FRBNY or any successor thereto.

“SOFR” means the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate provided by the FRBNY, as the administrator of the benchmark (or a successor administrator), on the FRBNY’s Website.

“Stated Maturity” means September 30, 2032.

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“Term SOFR” means the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body.

“Term SOFR Administrator” means any entity designated by the Relevant Governmental Body as the administrator of Term SOFR (or a successor administrator).

“Three-Month Term SOFR” means the rate for Term SOFR for a tenor of three months that is published by the Term SOFR Administrator at the Reference Time for any Floating Interest Period, as determined by the Calculation Agent after giving effect to the Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions.

“Three-Month Term SOFR Conventions” means any determination, decision or election with respect to any technical, administrative or operational matter (including with respect to the manner and timing of the publication of Three-Month Term SOFR, or changes to the definition of “Floating Interest Period”, timing and frequency of determining Three-Month Term SOFR with respect to each Floating Interest Period and making payments of interest, rounding of amounts or tenors, and other administrative matters) that the Company decides may be appropriate to reflect the use of Three-Month Term SOFR as the Benchmark in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Company decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or if the Company determines that no market practice for the use of Three-Month Term SOFR exists, in such other manner as the Company determines is reasonably necessary).

“Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the Benchmark Replacement excluding the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.

Subordination

Our obligation to make any payment on account of the principal of, or interest on, the notes will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our “senior indebtedness” (as defined below). As of September 30, 2022, the Company had, in the aggregate, outstanding deposits of approximately $5.87 billion, long-term borrowings of $36.0 million, and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $200.2 million, all of which would rank senior to the notes. The notes do not limit the amount of additional indebtedness, including senior indebtedness, that we or any of our subsidiaries, including the Bank, may incur in the future.

The term “senior indebtedness” means any of our obligations to our creditors, whether now outstanding or subsequently incurred, other than any obligation where, in the instrument creating or evidencing the obligation or pursuant to which the obligation is outstanding, it is provided that the obligation is not Senior Indebtedness. Senior Indebtedness includes, without limitation:

•

all indebtedness and obligations of, or guaranteed or assumed by, the Company for money borrowed, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, securities, notes or other similar instruments, and including, but not limited to all obligations to the Company’s general and secured creditors;

•

any deferred obligations of the Company for the payment of the purchase price of property or assets acquired other than in the ordinary course of business;

•

the Company’s obligations as lessee under leases of property whether made as part of a sale-and-leaseback transaction to which it is a party or otherwise;

•

all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company in respect of any letters of credit, bankers’ acceptances, security purchase facilities and similar obligations and direct credit substitutes;

•

any capital lease obligations of the Company;

•

all obligations of the Company in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts, commodity contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts, commodity contracts and other similar arrangements or derivative products;

•

all of the Company’s obligations issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services, but excluding trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business;

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•

any other obligation of the Company to its general creditors;

•

all obligations that are similar to those described in the bullets above of other persons for the payment of which the Company is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise arising from an off-balance sheet guarantee;

•

all obligations of the types referred to in the bullets above of other persons secured by a lien on any property or asset of the Company; and

•

in the case of obligations of the type described in the bullets above, all amendments, renewals, extensions, modifications and refunding of such indebtedness and obligations.

However, the term “senior indebtedness” excludes:

•

the notes;

•

any obligation that by its terms expressly is junior to, or ranks equally in right of payment with, the notes;

•

any subordinated debentures or junior subordinated debentures of the Company underlying trust preferred securities of the Company that are outstanding as of September 23, 2022; and

•

any indebtedness between the Company and any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

In accordance with the subordination provisions of the indenture and the notes, we are permitted to make payments of accrued and unpaid interest on the notes on the interest payment dates and at maturity and to pay the principal of the notes at maturity, unless:

•

we are subject to any termination, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of our creditors or any other marshalling of our assets and liabilities or otherwise; or

•

a default in the payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on any Senior Indebtedness, beyond any applicable grace period, or if any event of default with respect to any Senior Indebtedness will have occurred and be continuing, or would occur as a result of the payment of principal or interest on the notes or in respect of any retirement, purchase or other acquisition of the notes, permitting the holders of such Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of the holders thereof) to accelerate the maturity thereof, unless and until such default or event of default has been cured or waived or has ceased to exist.

Upon our termination, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of our creditors or any other marshalling of our assets and liabilities or otherwise, holders of all of our Senior Indebtedness will first be entitled to receive payment in full in accordance with the terms of such Senior Indebtedness of the principal of, premium, if any, and the interest due thereon (including interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any proceeding for our bankruptcy or reorganization under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law) before any payment is made on the notes. If, after we have paid the Senior indebtedness in full, there are any amounts available for payment of the notes and any of our other indebtedness and obligations ranking equally in right of payment with the notes, then we will use such remaining assets to pay the amounts of principal of and premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest on the notes and such other of our indebtedness and obligations that rank equally in right of payment with the notes. If those assets are insufficient to pay in full the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the notes and such other indebtedness and obligations, those assets will be applied ratably to the payment of such amounts owing with respect to the notes and such other indebtedness and obligations.

In the event that we are subject to any termination, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or receivership proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of our creditors or any other marshalling of our assets and liabilities or otherwise, if the holders of the notes receive for any reason any payment on the notes or other distributions of our assets with respect to the notes before all of our Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, the holders of the notes will be required to return that payment or distribution to the bankruptcy trustee, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee,

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agent or other person making payment of our assets for all our Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until all that Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, after giving effect to any other concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness.

As a result of the subordination of the notes in favor of the holders of our Senior Indebtedness, in the event of our bankruptcy or insolvency, holders of our senior indebtedness may receive more, ratably, and holders of the notes may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors.

All liabilities of the Bank and our other subsidiaries, including deposits and liabilities to general creditors arising during the ordinary course of business or otherwise, will be effectively senior in right of payment to the notes to the extent of the assets of the subsidiary because, as a shareholder of the subsidiary, we do not have any rights to the assets of the subsidiary except if the subsidiary declares a dividend payable to us or if there are assets of the subsidiary remaining after it has discharged its liabilities to its creditors in connection with its liquidation. Over the term of the notes, we will need to rely primarily on dividends paid to us by the Bank, which is a regulated and supervised depository institution, for the funds necessary to pay the interest on our outstanding debt obligations and to make dividends and other payments on our other securities outstanding now or in the future. With respect to the payment of the principal of the notes at their maturity, we may rely on the funds we receive from dividends paid to us by the Bank but may have to rely on the proceeds of borrowings and/or the sale of other securities to pay the principal amount of the notes. Regulatory rules may restrict the Bank’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us or provide funds to us by other means. As a result, with respect to the assets of the Bank, our creditors (including the holders of the notes) are structurally subordinated to the prior claims of creditors of the Bank, including its depositors, except to the extent that we may be a creditor with recognized claims against the Bank.

Redemption

We may, at our option, subject to regulatory approval and any senior lender conditions, redeem the notes, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after September 30, 2027. In addition, at our option, subject to regulatory approval and any senior lender conditions, we may redeem the notes in whole, but not in part, at any time upon the occurrence of:

•

a “Tier 2 Capital Event,” which means our good faith determination that, as a result of (1) any amendment to, or change in, the laws, rules or regulations of the United States (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any agency or instrumentality of the United States, including the Federal Reserve and other federal bank regulatory agencies) or any political subdivision of or in the United States that is enacted or becomes effective after September 23, 2022, (2) any proposed change in those laws, rules or regulations that is announced or becomes effective after September 23, 2022, or (3) any official administrative decision or judicial decision or administrative action or other official pronouncement interpreting or applying those laws, rules, regulations, policies or guidelines with respect thereto that is announced after September 23, 2022, there is more than an insubstantial risk that we will not be entitled to treat the note then outstanding as Tier 2 capital for so long as any notes are outstanding;

•

a “Tax Event,” which means our receipt of an opinion of independent tax counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that as a result of (1) an amendment to or change (including any announced prospective amendment or change) in any law or treaty, or any regulation thereunder, of the United States or any of its political subdivisions or taxing authorities; (2) a judicial decision, administrative action, official administrative pronouncement, ruling, regulatory procedure, regulation, notice or announcement, including any notice or announcement of intent to adopt or promulgate any ruling, regulatory procedure or regulation (any of the foregoing an “Administrative or Judicial Action”); or (3) an amendment to or change in any official position with respect to, or any interpretation of, an Administrative or Judicial Action or a law or regulation of the United States that differs from the previously generally accepted position or interpretation, in each case, which change or amendment or challenge becomes effective or which pronouncement, decision or challenge is announced on or after September 23, 2022 there is more than an insubstantial risk that interest payable by us on the notes is not, or, within 90 days of the date of such opinion, will not be, deductible by us, in whole or in part, for United States federal income tax purposes; or

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•

an “Investment Company Event,” which means our receipt of an opinion of independent counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that there is more than an insubstantial risk that we are or, within 90 days of the date of such legal opinion will be, considered an “investment company” that is required to be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Any redemption of the notes will be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and additional interest, if and to the extent applicable, thereon to but excluding the date of redemption. Any redemption of the notes will be subject to any required regulatory approvals, including the Federal Reserve (or its designee) or any successor agency, and any other bank regulatory agency, to the extent such approval shall then be required by law, regulation or policy.

If less than all of the notes are to be redeemed, the notes to be redeemed will be selected not more than 45 days prior to the redemption date by the Trustee from the outstanding notes not previously called for redemption unless otherwise required by law or applicable depositary requirements, on a pro rata basis as to the holders and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal amount of the notes; provided, however, that no such partial redemption will reduce the portion of the principal amount of a note not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a note established in or under the indenture. In the event a pro rata redemption is not permitted under applicable law or applicable depositary requirements, the notes to be redeemed will be selected by lot or such method as the Trustee will deem fair and appropriate. Any partial redemption will be made pro rata among all of the holders of the notes (such redemption to be considered a “Pro Rata Pass-Through Distribution of Principal” for purpose of a redemption processed through The Depository Trust Company).

Notices of redemption will be given in the manner provided for in the indenture to each holder of notes to be redeemed not less than 30, but no more than 60, days before the redemption date. If any note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to that note will state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new note in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original note, if any, will be issued in the name of the holder thereof upon surrender of the original note. Notes called for redemption become due and payable on the date fixed for redemption at the redemption price specified in the notice of redemption, together with any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and additional interest, if and to the extent applicable. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on notes or portions of notes called for redemption.

The notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holders.

No Sinking Fund; Non-Convertible

The notes will not be entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund. Except as contemplated by this prospectus, the notes are not convertible into, or exchangeable for, any of our or our subsidiaries’ equity securities, other securities or assets.

Form, Denomination, Transfer, Exchange and Book-Entry Procedures

The notes will be issued only in registered form without interest coupons and in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.

The New Notes will be evidenced by one or more global notes that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC, or any successor thereto, and registered in the name of Cede & Co. as nominee of DTC. Except as set forth below, record ownership of the global notes may be transferred, in whole or in part, only to another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee.

The global notes will not be registered in the name of any person, or exchanged for notes that are registered in the name of any person, other than DTC or its nominee, unless one of the following occurs:

•

DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue acting as the depositary for the global notes, or DTC has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and in either case we do not appoint a successor depositary within 90 days;

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•

we determine that the notes are no longer to be represented by the global notes and so notify the trustee; or

•

an event of default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the notes and DTC has requested the issuance of definitive subordinated notes.

In those circumstances, DTC will determine in whose names any securities issued in exchange for the global notes will be registered. Any such notes in certificated form will be issued in minimum denominations of $100,000 and any integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof and may be transferred or exchanged only in such minimum denominations.

DTC or its nominee will be considered the sole owner and holder of the global notes for all purposes, and as a result:

•

you cannot receive notes registered in your name if they are represented by the global notes;

•

you cannot receive certificated (physical) notes in exchange for your beneficial interest in the global notes;

•

you will not be considered to be the owner or holder of the global notes or any note it represents for any purpose; and

•

all payments on the global notes will be made to DTC or its nominee.

The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain kinds of purchasers (for example, certain insurance companies) can only own securities in certificated form. These laws may limit your ability to transfer your beneficial interests in the global notes to these types of purchasers.

Only institutions (such as a securities broker or dealer) that have accounts with the DTC or its nominee, referred to as “participants,” and persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants (including through Euroclear Bank SA/NV or Clearstream Banking, societe anonyme, as DTC participants) can own a beneficial interest in the global notes. The only place where the ownership of beneficial interests in the global notes will appear and the only way the transfer of those interests can be made will be on the records kept by DTC (for their participants’ interests) and the records kept by those participants (for interests of persons held by participants on their behalf).

Secondary trading in bonds and notes of corporate issuers is generally settled in clearinghouse (that is, next day) funds. In contrast, beneficial interests in global notes usually trade in DTC’s same-day funds settlement system and settle in immediately available funds. We make no representations as to the effect that settlement in immediately available funds will have on trading activity in those beneficial interests.

Cash payments of interest on and principal of the global notes will be made to Cede & Co., the nominee for DTC, as the registered owner of the global notes. These payments will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds on each payment date.

You may exchange or transfer the notes at the corporate trust office of the trustee for the notes or at any other office or agency maintained by us for those purposes. We will not require payment of a service charge for any transfer or exchange of the notes, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any applicable tax or other governmental charge.

We have been informed that, with respect to any cash payment of interest on or principal of the global notes, DTC’s practice is to credit participants’ accounts on the payment date with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the notes represented by the global notes as shown on DTC’s records, unless DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payment on that payment date. Payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in notes represented by the global notes held through participants will be the responsibility of those participants, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers registered in “street name.”

We also understand that neither DTC nor Cede & Co. will consent or vote with respect to the notes. We have been advised that, under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an “omnibus proxy” to us as soon as

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possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those participants to whose accounts the notes are credited on the record date identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy.

Because DTC can only act on behalf of participants, who in turn act on behalf of indirect participants, the ability of a person having a beneficial interest in the principal amount represented by the global notes to pledge the interest to persons or entities that do not participate in the DTC book-entry system, or otherwise take actions in respect of that interest, may be affected by the lack of a physical certificate evidencing its interest.

DTC has advised that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a holder of notes (including the presentation of notes for exchange) only at the direction of one or more participants to whose account with DTC interests in the global notes are credited and only in respect of such portion of the principal amount of the notes represented by the global notes as to which such participant has, or participants have, given such direction.

DTC has also advised as follows: DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code, as amended, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of its participants. Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and may include certain other organizations. Certain of such participants (or their representatives), together with other entities, own DTC. Indirect access to the DTC system is available to other entities such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its direct and indirect participants are on file with the SEC.

The policies and procedures of DTC, which may change periodically, will apply to payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to beneficial interests in the global notes. We and the trustee have no responsibility or liability for any aspect of DTC’s or any participants’ records relating to beneficial interests in the global notes, including for payments made on the global notes, and we and the trustee are not responsible for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any of those records.

Indenture Covenants

The indenture contains no covenants limiting or restrictions on the incurrence of indebtedness or other obligations by us or by a subsidiary of ours, including the Bank. The indenture contains no financial covenants requiring us to achieve or maintain any minimum financial results relating to our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations or meet or exceed any financial ratios, as a general matter, to not incur additional indebtedness or obligations or to maintain any reserves. Moreover, neither the indenture nor the notes contain any covenants prohibiting us or our subsidiaries from or limiting our or our subsidiaries’ right to incur additional indebtedness or obligations, grant liens on our assets to secure our indebtedness or other obligations that are senior in right of payment to the notes, repurchase our stock or other securities, including any of the notes, or pay dividends or make other distributions to our shareholders (except, subject to certain limited exceptions, in the case of dividends or other distributions, redemptions, purchases, acquisitions or liquidation payments with respect to our capital stock and repayments, repurchases or redemptions of any debt securities that rank equal with or junior to the notes, in each case, upon our failure to make any required payment of principal or interest on the notes, when the same becomes due and payable). In addition, neither the indenture nor the notes contain any provision that would provide protection to the holders of the notes against a material decline in our credit quality.

Events of Default; Right of Acceleration; Failure to Pay Principal or Interest

The following are events of default under the indenture:

•

the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, or

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reorganization law, now or hereafter in effect of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, and such decree or order will have continued unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days;

•

the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization law, now or hereafter in effect of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, or the consent by the Company to the entry of a decree or order for relief in an involuntary case or proceeding under any such law;

•

the failure of the Company to pay any installment of interest on any of the notes as and when the same will become due and payable, and the continuation of such failure for a period of 30 days;

•

the failure of the Company to pay all or any part of the principal of any of the notes as and when the same will become due and payable under the indenture;

•

the failure of the Company to perform any other covenant or agreement on the part of the Company contained in the notes or in the indenture, and the continuation of such failure for a period of 90 days after the date on which notice specifying such failure, stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” and demanding that the Company remedy the same, will have been given, in the manner as required under the indenture to the Company by the trustee or to the Company and the trustee by the holders of at least 30% in aggregate principal amount of the notes at the time outstanding; or

•

the default by the Company under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company having an aggregate principal amount outstanding of at least $20,000,000, whether such indebtedness now exists or is created or incurred in the future, which default (i) constitutes a failure to pay any portion of the principal of such indebtedness when due and payable after the expiration of any applicable grace period or (ii) results in such indebtedness becoming due or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it otherwise would have become due and payable without, in the case of clause (i), such indebtedness having been discharged or, in the case of clause (ii), without such indebtedness having been discharged or such acceleration having been rescinded or annulled.

If an event of default described in the first two bullet points above occurs, then the principal amount of all of the outstanding notes and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder, and the Company waives demand, presentment for payment, notice of nonpayment, notice of protest, and all other notices. If an event of default with respect to the notes occurs due to any reason other than an event of default described in the first two bullet points above, neither the trustee nor any holder may accelerate the maturity of the notes and make the principal of, and any accrued and unpaid interest on, the notes immediately due and payable.

Under the indenture, if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any note when such interest becomes due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or if we fail to pay all or any part of the principal of any note when such principal becomes due and payable, the Company will, upon demand of the trustee, pay to the trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the notes, the whole amount then due and payable with respect to such notes, with interest upon the overdue principal, and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, upon any overdue installments of interest at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, provided for or with respect to such note or, if no such rate or rates are so provided, at the rate or respective rates, as the case may be, of interest borne by such notes, and, in addition thereto, such further amount of money as will be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due to the trustee under the indenture.

Any rights to receive payment of such amounts under the notes remain subject to the subordination provisions of the notes as discussed above under “— Subordination.” Neither the trustee nor the holders of the notes will have the right to accelerate the maturity of the notes in the case of our failure to pay the principal of, or interest on, the notes or our non-performance of any other covenant or warranty under the notes or the indenture.

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Amendment, Supplement and Waiver

Without the consent of any holder of notes, we and the trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more supplemental indentures, in form satisfactory to the trustee, for any of the following purposes:

•

to evidence the succession of another person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained in the indenture and in the notes;

•

to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of holders of the notes or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company with respect to the notes issued under the indenture;

•

to permit or facilitate the issuance of notes in uncertificated or global form, provided any such action will not adversely affect the interests of the holders;

•

to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under the indenture by a successor trustee with respect to the notes and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture, as necessary, to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts thereunder by more than one trustee, in accordance with the requirements set forth in the indenture;

•

to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision in the indenture that may be defective or that may be inconsistent with any other provision therein;

•

to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the indenture that will not adversely affect the interests of the holders of then outstanding notes in any material respect;

•

to add any additional events of default;

•

to supplement any of the provisions of the indenture to such extent necessary to permit or facilitate the legal defeasance, covenant defeasance and/or satisfaction and discharge of the notes in accordance with the indenture, provided that any such action will not adversely affect the interests of any holder of notes in any material respects;

•

to provide for the issuance of the New Notes pursuant to the exchange offer;

•

to conform any provision in the indenture to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act; or

•

to make any change that does not adversely affect the legal rights under the indenture of any holder.

With the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes, by act of said holders delivered to the Company and the trustee, the Company and the trustee may enter into one or more supplemental indentures for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of the indenture or of the notes or modifying in any manner the rights of the holders of the notes under the indenture, provided, that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding note affected thereby, will:

•

reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including defaulted interest, on any notes;

•

reduce the principal of or change the stated maturity of any notes or change the date on which any notes may be subject to redemption or reduce the redemption price therefor;

•

make any note payable in money other than United States dollars;

•

make any change in provisions of the indenture protecting the right of each holder of the notes to receive payment of principal of and interest on such notes on or after the due date thereof or to bring suit to enforce such payment;

•

reduce the percentage in principal amount of the outstanding notes, the consent of whose holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose holders is required to waive certain defaults and covenants under the indenture; or

•

modify any of the provisions of the section of the indenture governing supplemental indentures with the consent of holders, or those provisions relating to waiver of past defaults or waiver of certain covenants, except to increase any percentage required for such actions or to provide that certain other

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provisions of the indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the holder of each outstanding note affected thereby.

The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes may, on behalf of the holders of all notes, waive any past default under the indenture and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any note, or in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture which, under the terms of the indenture, cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding note.

Satisfaction and Discharge of the Indenture; Defeasance

We may terminate our obligations under the indenture when:

•

either: (a) all notes that have been authenticated and delivered (with certain specified exceptions) have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation, or (b) all notes that have not been delivered to the trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable, (ii) will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year, or (iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and the Company has deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such outstanding notes, including the applicable principal and interest on such notes, to the date of such deposit (in the case of notes which have become due and payable) or the maturity thereof, as the case may be;

•

the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums then payable under the indenture with respect to the outstanding notes; and

•

the Company has delivered to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent under the indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of the indenture have been satisfied.

We may elect, at our option and at any time, to have our obligations discharged with respect to the outstanding notes, which we refer to as legal defeasance. “Legal defeasance” means that we will be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding notes, except for:

•

the rights of the holders of such outstanding notes to receive payments, solely from the trust fund described in the indenture, in respect of the principal of and interest, if any, on such notes when payments are due;

•

the Company’s and the trustee’s obligations with respect to such notes concerning registration of notes, mutilated, destroyed, lost and stolen notes, maintenance of an office or agency for payment and money for payments on the notes to be held in trust;

•

the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the trustee under the indenture; and

•

the defeasance provisions of the indenture.

In addition, we may elect, at our option, to have our obligations released with respect to certain covenants contained in the indenture, which we refer to as covenant defeasance.

In order to exercise either legal defeasance or covenant defeasance with respect to outstanding notes:

•

we must irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the holders of outstanding notes, (i) an amount in United States dollars, (ii) government obligations that through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of and interest, if any, on such notes, money or (iii) a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the trustee, to pay and discharge, and which will be applied by the trustee to pay and discharge, the principal of and interest, if any, on such outstanding

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notes on the stated maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest or the applicable redemption date, as the case may be;

•

such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, the indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which we or any of our subsidiaries are a party or by which we or any of them are bound;

•

no event of default or event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default with respect to such notes will have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit, and, solely in the case of legal defeasance, no event of default or event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default under the indenture will have occurred and be continuing at any time during the period ending on and including the 91st day after the date of such deposit (this condition to legal defeasance will not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period);

•

in the case of legal defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that (i) we have received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of the indenture, there has been a change in applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion of independent counsel will confirm that, the holders of such outstanding notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such legal defeasance had not occurred;

•

in the case of covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such outstanding notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred;

•

we must deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, as the case may be, under the indenture have been satisfied;

•

if the moneys or government obligations, or combination thereof, as the case may be, deposited are sufficient to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on such notes, provided that such notes are redeemed on a particular redemption date, we must have given the trustee irrevocable instructions to redeem such notes on such date and to provide notice of such redemption to holders of such notes as provided in or under the indenture; and

•

the trustee must have received such other documents, assurances and opinions of counsel as the trustee will have reasonably required.

In connection with a discharge or defeasance, in the event the trustee is unable to apply the moneys or government obligations deposited as contemplated under the satisfaction and discharge provisions of the indenture by reason of any legal proceeding or any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, our obligations under the indenture and the notes will be revived as if the deposit had never occurred, until such time as the trustee is permitted to apply all such moneys and government obligations to pay the principal of, and interest, if any, on the notes.

The Trustee

UMB Bank, N.A. is acting as the trustee under the indenture and the initial paying agent and registrar for the notes. From time to time, we and some of our subsidiaries may maintain deposit accounts and conduct other banking transactions, including lending transactions, with the trustee in the ordinary course of business.

Except during the continuance of an event of default under the indenture, the trustee will perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the indenture.

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The indenture and the Trust Indenture Act contain certain limitations on the rights of the trustee, if it becomes a creditor of our organization, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; however, if it acquires any “conflicting interest” (as defined in the Trust Indenture Act), it must eliminate such conflict within 90 days and apply to the SEC for permission to continue or resign.

The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, subject to certain exceptions. If an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by the indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. Subject to such provisions, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by the indenture at the request or direction of any holder under the indenture, unless such holder has offered to the trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the trustee against the losses, liabilities and expenses that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Employees, Officers, Directors, or Exchange Agent

None of our or any of our predecessors’ or successors’ past, present or future shareholders, employees, officers or directors, as such, will have any personal liability for any of our obligations under the notes or the indenture by reason of his, her or its status as such a shareholder, employee, officer or director. Each holder of notes, by accepting a note, waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the notes. Such waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

Governing Law

The notes and the indenture are governed by and will be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

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MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the exchange of outstanding Old Notes for New Notes in the exchange offer. It is not a complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations relating to the exchange of outstanding Old Notes for New Notes. This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, existing and proposed regulations under the Code and any administrative and judicial interpretations and rulings thereof, all as currently in effect. These authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis, and subject to differing interpretations. We cannot assure you that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described in this prospectus, and we have not obtained, and do not intend to obtain, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences described herein. Furthermore, this discussion does not address the tax considerations arising under the laws of any foreign, state or local jurisdiction or any non-income tax (such as estate or gift tax) consequences of the exchange of Old Notes for New Notes or any consequences of the net investment income tax.

This discussion is limited to the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to holders that purchased their Old Notes from us in a private placement on September 23, 2022 at the initial offering price for cash and who held such Old Notes, and will now hold the New Notes, as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be applicable to each holder’s particular circumstances or to holders that may be subject to special tax rules under U.S. federal income tax laws, including, but not limited to, banks, insurance companies, other financial institutions, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, tax-exempt organizations, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies, U.S. expatriates, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons that will hold the New Notes as a position in a hedging transactions, straddle or conversion transaction or as part of a “synthetic security,” other integrated transactions or risk reduction transaction, persons deemed to sell the New Notes under the constructive sale provisions of the Code, persons that will hold the New Notes in an individual retirement account, 401(k) plan or similar tax-favored account, an accrual method taxpayer who is required to recognize income for U.S. federal income tax purposes no later than when such income is taken into account for financial accounting purposes, a person that purchases or sells notes as part of a wash sale for tax purposes, or entities or arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes or other pass-through entities, or investors in such entities.

The exchange of Old Notes for New Notes in the exchange offer will not constitute a taxable exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Consequently, (1) a holder of Old Notes will not recognize gain or loss upon the receipt of New Notes in the exchange offer, (2) a holder’s adjusted tax basis in the New Notes received in the exchange offer will be the same as such holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Old Notes surrendered in exchange therefor immediately before the exchange, and (3) a holder’s holding period in the New Notes will include such holder’s holding period in the Old Notes surrendered in exchange therefor.

This discussion is for general information purposes only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any particular holder. Holders of Old Notes considering the exchange offer are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to them of exchanging Old Notes for New Notes, including the tax consequences under state, local, estate, foreign and other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in United States or other tax laws.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Any broker-dealer that holds Old Notes acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and receives New Notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer may be a statutory underwriter and must deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such New Notes. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by any such broker-dealer in connection with any resale of New Notes received in exchange for such Old Notes, provided that such broker-dealer notifies the Company to that effect in accordance with the instructions in the letter of transmittal. We will make additional copies of this prospectus, and any amendments or supplements hereto, available to any such broker-dealer that so requests in accordance with the instructions in the letter of transmittal. To the extent that any notifying broker-dealer participates in the exchange offer, we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of this prospectus for a period of 180 days following the expiration date of the exchange offer.

We will not receive any proceeds from any sale of New Notes by broker-dealers or any other persons. New Notes received by broker-dealers for their own account pursuant to the exchange offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on New Notes or a combination of such methods of resale, at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. Any such resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer and/or the purchasers of any New Notes. Any broker-dealer that holds Old Notes acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and receives New Notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer and resells such New Notes and any broker-dealer that participates in a distribution of such New Notes may be a statutory “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any profit on any such resale of New Notes and any commission or concessions received by any such persons may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act. The letter of transmittal states that, by acknowledging that it will deliver and by delivering a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with the resale of any such New Notes, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.

We will promptly send additional copies of this prospectus, and any amendments or supplements hereto, available to any such broker-dealer that so requests in accordance with the instructions in the letter of transmittal. We have agreed to pay certain expenses in connection with the exchange offer and will indemnify the holders of the Old Notes (including any broker-dealers) against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the New Notes will be passed upon for us by Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP.

EXPERTS

Crowe LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements of Pathward Financial, Inc., included in Pathward Financial, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Pathward Financial, Inc. as of September 30, 2022, as set forth in their reports, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Pathward Financial, Inc.’s financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Crowe LLP’s reports, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and therefore we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public at no cost on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at www.pathwardfinancial.com. The reference to our

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows Pathward to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information in other documents that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference, by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in all cases, if you are considering whether to rely on information contained in this prospectus or information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later. We incorporate by reference (other than any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, unless expressly stated otherwise therein) the documents listed below, which are considered to be a part of this prospectus:

•

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.

Pathward also incorporates by reference additional documents that may be filed under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act with the SEC between the date of this prospectus and the later of (i) the termination or completion of the exchange offer and (ii) the termination of the period of time described under “Plan of Distribution” during which we have agreed to make available this prospectus to broker-dealers in connection with certain resales of the New Notes shall deemed to be incorporated by reference herein. These include periodic reports such as Definitive Proxy Materials for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.

Holders of the Old Notes can obtain additional copies of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus free of charge from the SEC at the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov), or they may request a copy of these filings, also at no cost, by requesting them in writing or by telephone from the following address:

Pathward Financial, Inc.
5501 South Broadband Lane
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108
Attention: Mary Beth Orson
Telephone: (877) 497-7497

If you would like to request any documents, please do so by , 2022 which is five business days before the expiration date of the exchange offer, or, if we decide to extend the expiration date of the exchange offer, no later than five business days before such extended expiration date.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 20. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Pathward is a Delaware corporation. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party, to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Section 145 further provides that a corporation similarly may indemnify any such person serving in any such capacity who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party, to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. No indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

The DGCL further authorizes a Delaware corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him under Section 145.

Further, Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director or officer of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, except for liability for any breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, for a director’s payments of unlawful dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions, for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit or for an officer’s liability in any action by or in the right of the corporation.

Article ELEVENTH of Pathward’s certificate of incorporation, as amended (“Article ELEVENTH”), provides that each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an officer of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director or officer of another corporation, including, without limitation, any subsidiary, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (or to any employee or agent of the Company that a majority of disinterested directors of the Company grants the rights provided by Article ELEVENTH) (an “Indemnitee”), whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company to the fullest extent provided by the DGCL, as amended (to the extent such amendment permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted prior to such amendment),

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against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such Indemnitee in connection therewith;

provided, however, that, with respect to Proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (except suits brought under certain circumstances by the Indemnitee against the Company to recover unpaid amounts of claims), the Company shall indemnify any such Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee only if such Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors of the Company.

The right to indemnification conferred by Article ELEVENTH includes the right of the Indemnitee to be advanced expenses by the Company;

provided, however, that, if the DGCL requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such Indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Company of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal, that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under Article ELEVENTH or otherwise.

Article ELEVENTH also provides that the Company may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with certain of its directors and executive officers in addition to the indemnification provided for in its certificate of incorporation. The Company also maintains standard policies of insurance under which coverage is provided (a) to its directors and officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act, and (b) to the Company with respect to payments which may be made by the Company to such officers and directors pursuant to the above indemnification provision or otherwise as a matter of law.

Item 21. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

	Exhibit Number			Description of Exhibits
	3.1			Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Pathward Financial, Inc.’s filing on Form 8-K dated July 13, 2022)
	3.2			Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Pathward Financial, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 13, 2022)
	4.1			Indenture dated as of September 23, 2022, by and between Pathward Financial, Inc. and UMB Bank, N.A. as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Pathward Financial, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2022)
	4.2			Form of 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2032 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 hereto)
	4.3			Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2022, by and among Pathward Financial, Inc. and the Purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Pathward Financial, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2022)
	5.1*			Opinion of Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP
	23.1*			Consent of Crowe LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm
	23.2*			Consent of Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
	24.1*			Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this registration statement)

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	Exhibit Number			Description of Exhibits
	25.1*			Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended of UMB Bank, N.A., with respect to the Indenture, dated as of September 23, 2022, between Pathward Financial, Inc. and UMB Bank, N.A., as Trustee, relating to the 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032
	99.1*			Form of Letter of Transmittal relating to the 6.625% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032
	107*			Filing Fee Table

Filed herewith

(b) Financial Statement Schedules:

All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission have been omitted because they are not required, amounts which would otherwise be required to be shown with respect to any item are not material, are inapplicable or the required information has already been provided elsewhere or incorporated by reference in the registration statement.

Item 22. Undertakings.

(a)

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use,

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supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to respond to requests for information that is incorporated by reference into the prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11 or 13 of this Form, within one (1) business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means. This includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement through the date of responding to the request.

(e) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved therein, that was not the subject of and included in this registration statement when it became effective.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Sioux Falls, State of South Dakota, on December 9, 2022.

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

By:

/s/ Brett L. Pharr

Brett L. Pharr
Chief Executive Officer and Director

By:

/s/ Glen W. Herrick

Glen W. Herrick
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

By:

/s/ Jennifer W. Warren

Jennifer W. Warren
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each of the undersigned hereby appoints Brett L. Pharr, Glen W. Herrick and Jennifer W. Warren, and each of them, as attorney-in-fact and agent for the undersigned, with full power of substitution, for and in the name, place and stead of the undersigned, to sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, with any schedules or exhibits thereto, and any and all supplements or other documents to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pertaining to the registration of securities covered hereby, with full power and authority to do and perform any and all acts and things as may be necessary or desirable in furtherance of such registration

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below on December 9, 2022 by the following persons in the capacities indicated below.

	Signature			Title
	/s/ Brett L. Pharr Brett L. Pharr			Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
	/s/ Glen W. Herrick Glen W. Herrick			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
	/s/ Jennifer W. Warren Jennifer W. Warren			Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
	/s/ Douglas J. Hajek Douglas J. Hajek			Director
	/s/ Elizabeth G. Hoople Elizabeth G. Hoople			Director
	/s/ Michael R. Kramer Michael R. Kramer			Director

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		ii
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		ii
SUMMARY		1
RISK FACTORS		11
USE OF PROCEEDS		20
THE EXCHANGE OFFER		21
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES		32
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS		48
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		49
LEGAL MATTERS		49
EXPERTS		49
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		49
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE		51

	Signature			Title
	/s/ Ronald D. McCray Ronald D. McCray			Director
	/s/ Frederick V. Moore Frederick V. Moore			Director
	/s/ Becky S. Shulman Becky S. Shulman			Director
	/s/ Kendall E. Stork Kendall E. Stork			Director
	/s/ Lizabeth H. Zlatkus Lizabeth H. Zlatkus			Director