the current trade arrangements between the United States and Europe, which could negatively affect the value of European securities.

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Credit and Interest Rate Risk — The value of the Fund’s portfolio may fluctuate in response to the risk that the issuer of a bond or other instrument will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. The Fund may invest in debt instruments that are below investment grade, commonly known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, which are considered speculative, and carry a higher risk of default. In addition, fluctuations in interest rates can affect the value of debt instruments held by the Fund. A debt instrument’s “duration” is a way of measuring a debt instrument’s sensitivity to a potential change in interest rates. An increase in interest rates tends to reduce the market value of debt instruments, while a decline in interest rates tends to increase their values. Generally, debt instruments with long maturities and low coupons have the longest durations. Longer-duration instruments tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than those with shorter durations. Recent market conditions and events, including increases in interest rates, may exacerbate the risk that borrowers will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. During periods of decreasing or prolonged low interest rates, financial markets in which the Fund invests could be negatively affected by, for example, increased volatility, reduced value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, and perceptions of broader economic decline. In addition, there is risk of significant future rate moves and related economic and market impacts. Credit spread risk is the risk that economic and market conditions or any actual or perceived credit deterioration may lead to an increase in the credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between two securities of similar maturity but different credit quality) and a decline in price of an issuer’s securities.

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Corporate Bond Risk — The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer and by factors not directly related to the issuer, such as general market liquidity. The market value of corporate bonds generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates, and as a result, corporate bonds may lose value in a rising-rate environment.

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Prepayment Risk — Certain instruments, especially mortgage-backed securities, for example, are susceptible to the risk of prepayment by borrowers. During a period of declining interest rates, homeowners may refinance their high-rate mortgages and prepay the principal. Cash from these prepayments flows through to prepay the mortgage-backed securities, necessitating reinvestment in other assets, which may lower returns. Asset-backed securities, which are subject to risks similar to those of mortgage-backed securities, are also structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from credit card agreements. The market for mortgage-backed and asset-backed instruments may be volatile and limited, which may make them difficult to buy or sell.

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Dividend Risk — There is no guarantee that issuers of the securities held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will be paid, or that they will either remain at current levels or increase over time.

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Income Risk — The Fund may experience a decline in its income due to falling interest rates, earnings declines, income decline within a security or default of an issuer of a security. During periods of increasing or prolonged high interest rates, among other things, borrowing costs may increase, fewer issuances of securities and decreased liquidity may occur and/or an issuer of a security may be unable to refinance existing debt obligations and/or make income payments. The continued availability of income-producing equity securities may potentially become limited. The amount and rate of distributions that the Fund’s shareholders receive are affected by the income that the Fund receives from its portfolio holdings. If the income is reduced, distributions by the Fund to shareholders may be less.

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Changes in Debt Ratings Risk — If a rating agency gives a debt instrument a lower rating, the value of the instrument may decline because investors may demand a higher rate of return.

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Defaulted Securities Risk — The Fund may invest in securities of issuers that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, including issuers involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Such investments involve a substantial degree of risk. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may lose its entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment, and/or may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time.

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High Yield Risk — The Fund intends to invest in debt instruments that are below investment grade, commonly known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, which may be subject to greater levels of interest rate, credit (including issuer default) and liquidity risk than investment grade instruments and may experience extreme price fluctuations. The securities of such issuers may be considered speculative and the ability of such issuers to pay their debts on schedule may be uncertain.

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Gold Risk — The Fund may invest in both physical gold and the securities of companies in the gold mining sector. Prices of gold-related issues are susceptible to changes in U.S. and foreign regulatory policies, taxes, currencies, mining laws, inflation, and various other market conditions. Gold-related investments as a group have not performed as well as the stock market in general during periods when the U.S. dollar is strong, inflation is low and general economic conditions are stable. In addition, returns on gold-related investments have traditionally been more volatile than investments in broader equity or debt markets.

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Derivatives Risk — Futures contracts or other “derivatives,” including hedging strategies, present risks related to their significant price volatility and risk of default by the counterparty to the contract. To date, derivatives have been used mainly under a hedging program that seeks to reduce the impact of foreign exchange rate changes on the Fund’s value. The Fund may at times also purchase derivatives as either a hedge or for investment purposes. A futures contract is considered a derivative because it derives its value from the price of the underlying security or financial index. The prices of futures contracts can be volatile and futures contracts may lack liquidity. In addition, there may be imperfect or even negative correlation between the price of a futures contract and the price of the underlying securities or financial index.

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Options Risk — The Fund may engage in various options transactions in which the Fund typically seeks to limit investment risk by purchasing the right to buy or sell, or by selling the obligation to buy or sell, a security at a set price in the future. The Fund pays a premium when buying options and receives a premium when selling options. When trading options, the Fund may incur losses or forego otherwise realizable gains if market prices do not move as expected.

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Swaps Risk — Swap agreements (including interest rate, total return, credit default and index) are derivatives contracts where the parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. In addition to the risks generally applicable to derivatives, risks associated with swap agreements include adverse changes in the returns of the underlying instruments, failure of the counterparties to perform under the agreement’s terms and the possible lack of liquidity with respect to the agreements. In addition, interest rate swaps may fail to perform as intended and may not offset adverse changes in interest rates fully or at all. Interest rate swaps may also reduce the Fund’s gains due to favorable changes in interest rates and result in losses to the Fund. Counterparties to interest rate swaps are subject to manipulation in the marketplace of the floating rate benchmarks, which may affect the utility of interest rate swaps as a hedge.

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Currency Risk — Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to that of the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund’s non-U.S. currencies or securities that trade in and receive revenue in non-U.S. currencies.

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Small and Medium-Size Company Risk — The Fund may invest in small and medium-size companies, the securities of which can be more volatile in price than those of larger companies. Positions in smaller companies, especially when the Fund is a large holder of a small company’s securities, also may be more difficult or expensive to trade. The Fund considers small companies to be companies with market capitalizations of less than $1 billion and medium-size companies to have market capitalizations of less than $10 billion.

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Large-Size Company Risk — The Fund may invest in larger, more established companies, the securities of which may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges like changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors. Larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. The Fund considers large companies to be companies with market capitalizations of $10 billion or greater.

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Bank Loan Risk — The Fund may invest in bank loans. These investments potentially expose the Fund to the credit risk of the underlying borrower, and in certain cases, of the financial institution. The Fund’s ability to receive payments in connection with the loan depends primarily on the financial condition of the borrower. The market for bank loans may be illiquid and the Fund may have difficulty selling them, especially in the case of leveraged loans, which can be difficult to value. In addition, bank loans often have contractual restrictions on resale, which can delay the sale and adversely impact the sale price. At times, the Fund may decline to receive non-public information relating to loans, which could disadvantage the Fund relative to other investors.

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Real Estate Industry Risk — The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), which are subject to risks affecting the real estate industry generally (including market conditions, competition, property obsolescence, changes in interest rates and casualty to real estate), as well as risks specifically affecting REITs (the quality and skill of REIT management and the internal expenses of the REIT).

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Sovereign Debt Risk — The Fund’s investments in debt obligations of sovereign governments may lose value due to the government entity’s unwillingness or inability to repay principal and interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt or otherwise in a timely manner. The Fund may have limited (or no) recourse in the event of a default because bankruptcy, moratorium and other similar laws applicable to issuers of sovereign debt obligations may be substantially different from those applicable to private issuers and any recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country.

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Reference Rate Transition Risk — The Fund may be exposed to financial instruments that recently transitioned from, or continue to be tied to, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The effect of the transition away from LIBOR and the effectiveness of replacement rates remain uncertain. The Fund may be exposed to financial instruments linked to other reference rates that may also cease to be published in the future.

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Cybersecurity Risk — The occurrence of a disaster such as a cyber-attack, a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, a terrorist attack or war, events unanticipated in the disaster recovery systems of the Fund and Adviser, or a support failure from external providers, could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to conduct business and on its results of operations and financial condition, particularly if those events affect the Fund and/or the Adviser’s