suffer losses if there
are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or
relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do
not work as intended, or if the investment manager’s or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund
to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.
Active Trading – The fund may engage in active trading of
its portfolio. Active trading will increase transaction costs and could detract from
performance. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.
Currency
– The value of a fund’s investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated
securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and
currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be
effective.
Cybersecurity – Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to
gain access to fund assets, fund or shareholder data (including private shareholder
information), or proprietary information, cause the fund or its service providers (including, but not limited to, the fund’s investment manager, any sub-adviser(s), transfer agent, distributor, custodian, fund accounting agent and
financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality, or prevent fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares, receiving distributions or
receiving timely information regarding the fund or their investment in the fund.
Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the fund and its shareholders,
and substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent or mitigate any future cybersecurity incidents.
Distressed or Defaulted Securities – Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court
or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuers’ continuing
ability to make principal and interest payments. The fund may incur costs to protect its investment, and the fund could lose its entire investment. Distressed securities and any securities received in an
exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Focused Investing – To the extent the fund invests a
significant portion of its assets in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors,
industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries,
regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.
Foreign Investments – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign
markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less
transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund’s foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers
generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions,
sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different
regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices,
and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign
clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.
Inflation-Protected Securities – Inflation-protected debt securities may react differently from other types of debt securities and tend to react to changes in “real” interest rates, which represent nominal (stated)
interest rates reduced by the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an inflation-protected debt security can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on
inflation-protected debt securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation.
Large Shareholder – A significant portion of the fund’s shares may be owned by one or more investment vehicles or
institutional investors. Transactions by these large shareholders may be disruptive to the
management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the
fund’s brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable capital gains to shareholders. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the
fund’s total expenses to increase.
Liquidity – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase.
Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more
liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be
magnified in rising interest rate or volatile environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss
or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset
classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during
times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.
Privately Placed and Other Restricted Securities – Restricted
securities, which include private placements of private and public companies, are subject
to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale. Restricted securities may be difficult to sell at the time and price a fund prefers. Restricted securities may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater
risks than securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale, both of which may result in substantial losses. An insufficient number of eligible buyers interested in purchasing restricted securities held
by a fund could adversely