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Table of Contents                                     

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 ________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________________________

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from              to             

Commission file number 033-37587        

____________________________________________________________ 

Pruco Life Insurance Company

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Arizona		22-1944557
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

213 Washington Street

Newark, NJ 07102

(973) 802-6000

(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of the Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐  No  ☒

As of November 13, 2019, 250,000 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock (par value $10) were outstanding. As of such date, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a New Jersey corporation, owned all of the registrant’s Common Stock.

Pruco Life Insurance Company meets the conditions set

forth in General Instruction (H) (1) (a) and (b) on Form 10-Q and

is therefore filing this Form 10-Q in the reduced disclosure format.

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Table of Contents                                     

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page Number
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	4
	Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	6
	Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	8
	Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	1.    Business and Basis of Presentation	9
	2.    Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements	10
	3.    Investments	12
	4.    Derivative Instruments	21
	5.    Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	27
	6.    Reinsurance	39
	7.    Income Taxes	44
	8.    Equity	45
	9.    Related Party Transactions	47
	10.   Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	51
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	53
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	61
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	61
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION		62
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	62
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	62
Item 6.	Exhibits	63
SIGNATURES		64

2

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain of the statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including but not limited to those in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “includes,” “plans,” “assumes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “should,” “will,” “shall” or variations of such words are generally part of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects upon Pruco Life Insurance Company and its subsidiary. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Pruco Life Insurance Company and its subsidiary will be those anticipated by management. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements, including, among others: (1) losses on investments or financial contracts due to deterioration in credit quality or value, or counterparty default; (2) losses on insurance products due to mortality experience or policyholder behavior experience that differs significantly from our expectations when we price our products; (3) changes in interest rates and equity prices that may (a) adversely impact the profitability of our products, the value of separate accounts supporting these products or the value of assets we manage, (b) result in losses on derivatives we use to hedge risk or increase collateral posting requirements and (c) limit opportunities to invest at appropriate returns; (4) guarantees within certain of our products which are market sensitive and may decrease our earnings or increase the volatility of our results of operations or financial position; (5) liquidity needs resulting from (a) derivative collateral market exposure, (b) asset/liability mismatches, (c) the lack of available funding in the financial markets or (d) unexpected cash demands due to severe mortality calamity or lapse events; (6) financial or customer losses, or regulatory and legal actions, due to inadequate or failed processes or systems, external events and human error or misconduct such as (a) disruption of our systems and data, (b) an information security breach, (c) a failure to protect the privacy of sensitive data or (d) reliance on third parties; (7) changes in the regulatory landscape, including related to (a) financial sector regulatory reform (b) changes in tax laws, (c) fiduciary rules and other standards of care, (d) state insurance laws and developments regarding group-wide supervision, capital and reserves, and (e) privacy and cybersecurity regulation; (8) technological changes which may adversely impact companies in our investment portfolio or cause insurance experience to deviate from our assumptions; (9) ratings downgrades; (10) market conditions that may adversely affect the sales or persistency of our products; (11) competition; and (12) reputational damage. Pruco Life Insurance Company does not intend, and is under no obligation, to update any particular forward-looking statement included in this document. See “Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for discussion of certain risks relating to our business and investment in our securities.

3

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Table of Contents                                     

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands, except share amounts)

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2019 – $5,418,988; 2018 – $5,244,903)	$	5,856,022			$	5,199,595
Fixed maturities, trading, at fair value (amortized cost: 2019 – $59,995; 2018 – $44,759)	57,184				41,627
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2019 – $12,454; 2018 – $31,824)	18,063				36,922
Policy loans	1,283,214				1,236,077
Short-term investments	456				0
Commercial mortgage and other loans	1,230,059				1,209,150
Other invested assets (includes $107,694 and $120,717 measured at fair value at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)	420,804				377,429
Total investments	8,865,802				8,100,800
Cash and cash equivalents	548,588				416,840
Deferred policy acquisition costs	1,730,067				1,613,922
Accrued investment income	89,822				88,278
Reinsurance recoverables	42,921,981				34,682,127
Receivables from parent and affiliates	286,694				289,580
Income taxes receivable	91,557				46,102
Other assets	457,574				365,219
Separate account assets	133,175,062				119,077,916
TOTAL ASSETS	$	188,167,147			$	164,680,784
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Future policy benefits	$	27,739,084			$	19,476,394
Policyholders’ account balances	22,365,364				22,059,692
Cash collateral for loaned securities	7,759				11,063
Payables to parent and affiliates	180,261				229,345
Other liabilities	1,429,374				1,093,143
Separate account liabilities	133,175,062				119,077,916
Total liabilities	184,896,904				161,947,553
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (See Note 10)
EQUITY
Common stock ($10 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 250,000 shares issued and outstanding)	2,500				2,500
Additional paid-in capital	1,147,732				1,146,592
Retained earnings	1,790,917				1,612,435
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	329,094				(28,296		)
Total equity	3,270,243				2,733,231
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	188,167,147			$	164,680,784

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands)

 

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
REVENUES
Premiums	$	2,358			$	14,151			$	28,769			$	36,969
Policy charges and fee income	110,629				106,926				398,489				405,085
Net investment income	95,256				86,186				294,068				245,750
Asset administration fees	4,136				3,727				11,754				10,744
Other income	21,242				21,763				57,197				57,137
Realized investment gains (losses), net:
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	(2,296		)		(1,226		)		(5,080		)		(1,877		)
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to other comprehensive income	0				0				(379		)		0
Other realized investment gains (losses), net	41,880				(48,197		)		(55,842		)		(133,478		)
Total realized investment gains (losses), net	39,584				(49,423		)		(61,301		)		(135,355		)
TOTAL REVENUES	273,205				183,330				728,976				620,330
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
Policyholders’ benefits	45,890				9,823				131,659				102,000
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances	79,407				44,709				174,314				128,062
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	31,167				14,738				92,018				103,199
General, administrative and other expenses	78,104				97,490				206,612				237,949
TOTAL BENEFITS AND EXPENSES	234,568				166,760				604,603				571,210
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURE	38,637				16,570				124,373				49,120
Income tax expense (benefit)	(6,341		)		(2,760		)		(57,806		)		(18,471		)
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF OPERATING JOINT VENTURE	44,978				19,330				182,179				67,591
Equity in earnings of operating joint venture, net of taxes	(1,605		)		(605		)		(2,583		)		(1,336		)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	43,373			$	18,725			$	179,596			$	66,255
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,027		)		(5,789		)		5,980				(12,379		)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	101,103				(32,729		)		444,702				(259,783		)
Total	100,076				(38,518		)		450,682				(272,162		)
Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)	21,147				(8,093		)		93,292				(57,156		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	78,929				(30,425		)		357,390				(215,006		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	122,302			$	(11,700	)		$	536,986			$	(148,751	)

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands)

	Common   Stock				Additional   Paid-in Capital				Retained Earnings				Accumulated Other Comprehensive   Income (Loss)				Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	2,500			$	1,146,592			$	1,612,435			$	(28,296	)		$	2,733,231
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting changes(1)									(1,114		)		0				(1,114		)
Contributed (distributed) capital-parent/child asset transfers					(4		)										(4		)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									87,788								87,788
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax													132,501				132,501
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	220,289
Balance, March 31, 2019	2,500				1,146,588				1,699,109				104,205				2,952,402
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									48,435								48,435
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes													145,960				145,960
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	194,395
Balance, June 30, 2019	2,500				1,146,588				1,747,544				250,165				3,146,797
Contributed (distributed) capital-parent/child asset transfers					1,144												1,144
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									43,373								43,373
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes													78,929				78,929
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	122,302
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	2,500			$	1,147,732			$	1,790,917			$	329,094			$	3,270,243

(1)	Includes the impact from the adoption of ASUs 2017-08 and 2017-12. See Note 2.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity - Continued

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands)

	Common   Stock				Additional   Paid-in Capital				Retained Earnings				Accumulated Other Comprehensive   Income (Loss)				Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	2,500			$	1,141,092			$	1,526,310			$	165,346			$	2,835,248
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-01									7,936				(1,539		)		6,397
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02									(30,399		)		30,399				0
Contributed capital					5,500												5,500
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									11,304								11,304
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax													(115,274		)		(115,274		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	(103,970		)
Balance, March 31, 2018	2,500				1,146,592				1,515,151				78,932				2,743,175
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02									(50		)		50				0
Contributed capital					(113		)										(113		)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									36,226								36,226
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax													(69,307		)		(69,307		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	(33,081		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	2,500				1,146,479				1,551,327				9,675				2,709,981
Contributed capital					113												113
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									18,725								18,725
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax													(30,425		)		(30,425		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)																	(11,700		)
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	2,500			$	1,146,592			$	1,570,052			$	(20,750	)		$	2,698,394

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands)

	2019				2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	179,596			$	66,255
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Policy charges and fee income	(238,049		)		(97,276		)
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances	174,314				128,062
Realized investment (gains) losses, net	61,301				135,355
Amortization and other non-cash items	(68,773		)		(35,790		)
Change in:
Future policy benefits	1,987,943				1,392,199
Reinsurance recoverables	(2,146,635		)		(1,304,316		)
Accrued investment income	(1,544		)		(5,021		)
Net payables to/receivables from parent and affiliates	(55,072		)		(74,887		)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(214,346		)		(130,401		)
Income taxes	(138,753		)		10,708
Derivatives, net	136,937				4,552
Other, net	(7,552		)		(70,025		)
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities	(330,633		)		19,415
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	604,255				368,906
Fixed maturities, trading	0				0
Equity securities	21,656				218
Policy loans	116,157				113,736
Ceded policy loans	(9,001		)		(10,523		)
Short-term investments	50,342				12,580
Commercial mortgage and other loans	92,710				57,568
Other invested assets	14,415				11,997
Payments for the purchase/origination of:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	(751,200		)		(663,519		)
Fixed maturities, trading	(15,235		)		0
Equity securities	(110		)		(5,039		)
Policy loans	(129,878		)		(135,070		)
Ceded policy loans	14,334				12,619
Short-term investments	(50,794		)		(13,032		)
Commercial mortgage and other loans	(117,743		)		(158,163		)
Other invested assets	(48,504		)		(53,428		)
Notes receivable from parent and affiliates, net	12,136				4,594
Derivatives, net	(1,173		)		2,947
Other, net	(4,902		)		(4,916		)
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities	(202,535		)		(458,525		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Policyholders’ account deposits	4,119,950				3,572,484
Ceded policyholders’ account deposits	(2,694,445		)		(2,336,157		)
Policyholders’ account withdrawals	(2,613,749		)		(2,173,295		)
Ceded policyholders’ account withdrawals	1,839,709				1,445,661
Net change in securities sold under agreement to repurchase and cash collateral for loaned securities	(3,304		)		(25,584		)
Contributed (distributed) capital - parent/child asset transfers	1,443				0
Net change in financing arrangements (maturities 90 days or less)	0				1,744
Drafts outstanding	15,312				(3,056		)
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities	664,916				481,797
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	131,748				42,687
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	416,840				212,569
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$	548,588			$	255,256

Significant Non-Cash Transactions

There were no significant non-cash transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

See Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1.    BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Pruco Life Insurance Company (“Pruco Life”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Prudential Insurance Company of America (“Prudential Insurance”), which in turn is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. (“Prudential Financial”). Pruco Life is a stock life insurance company organized in 1971 under the laws of the State of Arizona. It is licensed to sell life insurance and annuities in the District of Columbia, Guam and in all states except New York, and sells such products primarily through affiliated and unaffiliated distributors.

Pruco Life has one wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Pruco Life Insurance Company of New Jersey (“PLNJ”) and had one indirect subsidiary formed in 2009 for the purpose of holding certain commercial mortgage loans and other investments, which ceased operations and was dissolved as of December 31, 2018. Pruco Life and its subsidiary are together referred to as the "Company", "we" or "our" and all financial information is shown on a consolidated basis.

PLNJ is a stock life insurance company organized in 1982 under the laws of the state of New Jersey. It is licensed to sell life insurance and annuities in New Jersey and New York only.

Basis of Presentation

The Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates include those used in determining deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and related amortization; amortization of deferred sales inducements ("DSI"); valuation of investments including derivatives and the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”); future policy benefits including guarantees; reinsurance recoverables; provision for income taxes and valuation of deferred tax assets; and accruals for contingent liabilities, including estimates for losses in connection with unresolved legal and regulatory matters.

Out of Period Adjustments

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an out of period adjustment which increased “Realized investment gains (losses), net” by $13 million, with a corresponding increase to “Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances”, which had related impacts resulting in a decrease of $5 million to "Income (loss) from operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venture" for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This adjustment relates to a refinement to the embedded derivative reserve methodology used for the indexed universal life product that should have been recorded during second quarter of 2019.

During the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an out of period adjustment resulting in a net increase of $11 million to "Income (loss) from operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venture" for the three months ended June 30, 2019. This adjustment relates to investment income from equity method investments that should have been recorded during first quarter of 2019. Management has evaluated the impact of all out of period adjustments, both individually and in the aggregate, and concluded that they are not material to any current or previously reported quarterly or annual financial statements.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

2.    SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASU. ASU listed below include those that have been adopted during the current fiscal year and/or those that have been issued but not yet adopted as of the date of this filing. ASU not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or not material.

ASU adopted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Standard		Description		Effective date and method of adoption		Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities		This ASU requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date.		January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method which included cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.		Adoption of the ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The impact of the cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was immaterial.
ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities		This ASU makes targeted changes to the existing hedge accounting model to better portray the economics of an entity’s risk management activities and to simplify the use of hedge accounting. The ASU eliminates separate measurement and recording of hedge ineffectiveness. It requires entities to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the hedged item is reported and also requires expanded disclosures.		January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method which included cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.		Adoption of the ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The impact of the cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") related to ineffectiveness of the hedge instruments outstanding at the date of the adoption was immaterial. See Note 4 for additional required disclosures.

ASU issued but not yet adopted as of September 30, 2019 — ASU 2018-12

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, was issued by the FASB on August 15, 2018 and is expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In October 2019, the FASB affirmed its decision to defer the effective date of the ASU to January 1, 2022 (with early adoption permitted), representing a one year extension from the original effective date of January 1, 2021. This ASU will impact, at least to some extent, the accounting and disclosure requirements for all long-duration insurance and investment contracts issued by the Company. Outlined below are four key areas of change, although there are other changes not noted below. In addition to the impacts to the balance sheet upon adoption, the Company also expects an impact to how earnings emerge thereafter.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

ASU 2018-12 Amended Topic		Description		Method of adoption		Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for non-participating traditional and limited-pay insurance products		Requires an entity to review, and if necessary, update the cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits, for both changes in future assumptions and actual experience, at least annually using a retrospective update method with a cumulative catch-up adjustment recorded in a separate line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.		An entity may choose one of two adoption methods for the liability for future policy benefits: (1) a modified retrospective transition method whereby the entity will apply the amendments to contracts in force as of the beginning of the earliest period presented on the basis of their existing carrying amounts, adjusted for the removal of any related amounts in AOCI or (2) a full retrospective transition method.		The options for method of adoption and the impacts of such methods are under assessment.
Discount rate assumption used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for non-participating traditional and limited-pay insurance products		Requires discount rate assumptions to be based on an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield and will be required to be updated each quarter with the impact recorded through Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI").		As noted above, an entity may choose either a modified retrospective transition method or full retrospective transition method for the liability for future policy benefits. Under either method, for balance sheet remeasurement purposes, the liability for future policy benefits will be remeasured using current discount rates as of the beginning of the earliest period presented with the impact recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to AOCI.		Upon adoption, under either transition method, there will be an adjustment to AOCI as a result of remeasuring in force contract liabilities using current upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields. The adjustment upon adoption will largely reflect the difference between the discount rate locked-in at contract inception versus current discount rates at transition. The magnitude of such adjustment is currently being assessed.
Amortization of DAC and other balances		Requires DAC and other balances, such as unearned revenue reserves and DSI, to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contract, independent of expected profitability.		An entity may apply one of two adoption methods: (1) a modified retrospective transition method whereby the entity will apply the amendments to contracts in force as of the beginning of the earliest period presented on the basis of their existing carrying amounts, adjusted for the removal of any related amounts in AOCI or (2) if an entity chooses a full retrospective transition method for its future policy benefits, as described above, it is required to also use a retrospective transition method for DAC and other balances.		The options for method of adoption and the impacts of such methods are under assessment. Under the modified retrospective transition method, the Company would not expect a significant impact to the balance sheet, other than the impact of the removal of any related amounts in AOCI.
Market Risk Benefits		Requires an entity to measure all market risk benefits (e.g., living benefit and death benefit guarantees associated with variable annuities) at fair value with changes in value attributable to changes in an entity’s non-performance risk ("NPR") recognized in OCI.		An entity will apply a retrospective transition method which will include a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the earliest period presented.		Upon adoption, the Company expects an impact to retained earnings for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of benefits not currently measured at fair value (e.g., guaranteed minimum death benefits on variable annuities) and an impact from reclassifying the cumulative effect of changes in NPR from retained earnings to AOCI. The magnitude of such adjustments is currently being assessed.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Other ASU issued but not yet adopted as of September 30, 2019

Standard		Description		Effective date and method of adoption		Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments		This ASU provides a new current expected credit loss model to account for credit losses on certain financial assets and off-balance sheet exposures (e.g., loans held for investment, debt securities held to maturity, reinsurance receivables, net investments in leases and loan commitments). The model requires an entity to estimate lifetime credit losses related to such financial assets and exposures based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The standard also modifies the current OTTI standard for available-for-sale debt securities to require the use of an allowance rather than a direct write down of the investment, and replaces existing standard for purchased credit deteriorated loans and debt securities.		January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective method which will include a cumulative-effect adjustment on the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. However, prospective application is required for purchased credit deteriorated assets previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and for debt securities for which an OTTI was recognized prior to the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2019.		The Company continues to test and refine its expected credit loss models and related systems, processes and controls for assets held on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at amortized cost. We currently estimate the cumulative impact of the adoption to retained earnings, primarily attributable to the reserves for commercial mortgage and other loans, to be immaterial.

3.    INVESTMENTS

Fixed Maturity Securities

The following tables set forth the composition of fixed maturity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				OTTI in AOCI(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	81,262			$	3,184			$	0			$	84,446			$	0
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	532,585				51,406				0				583,991				0
Foreign government bonds	197,207				27,558				1				224,764				0
U.S. public corporate securities	1,952,622				259,065				3,144				2,208,543				0
U.S. private corporate securities	894,674				47,961				2,868				939,767				0
Foreign public corporate securities	259,536				24,419				939				283,016				0
Foreign private corporate securities	919,260				32,440				30,095				921,605				0
Asset-backed securities(1)	124,717				1,090				346				125,461				(34		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	391,828				24,168				4				415,992				0
Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)	65,297				3,155				15				68,437				(141		)
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	5,418,988			$	474,446			$	37,412			$	5,856,022			$	(175	)

(1)	Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, education loans and other asset types.

(2)	Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

(3)	Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $1.5 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				OTTI in AOCI(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	75,049			$	2,427			$	6			$	77,470			$	0
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	609,955				15,154				2,351				622,758				0
Foreign government bonds	208,009				2,137				8,199				201,947				0
U.S. public corporate securities	1,739,860				46,166				54,401				1,731,625				0
U.S. private corporate securities	890,748				11,181				18,591				883,338				0
Foreign public corporate securities	270,428				3,746				12,151				262,023				0
Foreign private corporate securities	857,604				9,797				40,022				827,379				0
Asset-backed securities(1)	156,818				1,528				750				157,596				(122		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	347,570				3,353				4,527				346,396				0
Residential mortgage-backed securities(2)	88,862				1,268				1,067				89,063				(177		)
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	5,244,903			$	96,757			$	142,065			$	5,199,595			$	(299	)

(1)	Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types.

(2)	Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

(3)	Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $0.4 million of net unrealized losses on impaired available-for-sale securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Less Than Twelve Months								Twelve Months or More								Total
	Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses				Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses				Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	0			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	0
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	0				0				0				0				0				0
Foreign government bonds	554				0				652				1				1,206				1
U.S. public corporate securities	33,258				297				42,115				2,847				75,373				3,144
U.S. private corporate securities	28,929				2,123				35,908				745				64,837				2,868
Foreign public corporate securities	13,759				55				9,846				884				23,605				939
Foreign private corporate securities	101,087				3,108				197,638				26,987				298,725				30,095
Asset-backed securities	74,051				234				21,475				112				95,526				346
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	6,763				4				0				0				6,763				4
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,996				6				723				9				3,719				15
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	261,397			$	5,827			$	308,357			$	31,585			$	569,754			$	37,412

	December 31, 2018
	Less Than Twelve Months								Twelve Months or More								Total
	Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses				Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses				Fair Value				Gross   Unrealized   Losses
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	0			$	0			$	630			$	6			$	630			$	6
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	124,776				1,571				31,215				780				155,991				2,351
Foreign government bonds	77,055				3,184				59,700				5,015				136,755				8,199
U.S. public corporate securities	784,916				37,635				213,147				16,766				998,063				54,401
U.S. private corporate securities	263,934				9,159				287,031				9,432				550,965				18,591
Foreign public corporate securities	124,764				6,286				72,725				5,865				197,489				12,151
Foreign private corporate securities	424,921				22,605				127,201				17,417				552,122				40,022
Asset-backed securities	112,527				650				6,523				100				119,050				750
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	49,616				434				116,786				4,093				166,402				4,527
Residential mortgage-backed securities	34,249				240				32,432				827				66,681				1,067
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	1,996,758			$	81,764			$	947,390			$	60,301			$	2,944,148			$	142,065

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities were composed of $24.6 million and $121.3 million, respectively, related to “1” highest quality or “2” high quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $12.8 million and $20.8 million, respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of September 30, 2019, the $31.6 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company’s corporate securities within the finance, energy and consumer non-cyclical sectors. As of December 31, 2018, the $60.3 million of gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company's corporate securities within the finance, energy and consumer non-cyclical sectors. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these fixed maturity securities was not warranted at either September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. These conclusions were based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to general credit spread widening, increases in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized Cost				Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less	$	149,506			$	150,990
Due after one year through five years	710,210				713,547
Due after five years through ten years	1,053,548				1,089,987
Due after ten years	2,923,882				3,291,608
Asset-backed securities	124,717				125,461
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	391,828				415,992
Residential mortgage-backed securities	65,297				68,437
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	5,418,988			$	5,856,022

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date.

The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of fixed maturities, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)	$	360,476			$	4,478			$	413,494			$	138,565
Proceeds from maturities/prepayments	65,915				90,432				194,344				230,550
Gross investment gains from sales and maturities	29,978				394				29,543				508
Gross investment losses from sales and maturities	(264		)		(216		)		(3,339		)		(3,806		)
OTTI recognized in earnings(2)	(2,296		)		(1,226		)		(5,459		)		(1,877		)

(1)	Includes $3.6 million and $0.2 million of non-cash related proceeds due to the timing of trade settlements for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(2)	Excludes the portion of OTTI amounts remaining in OCI, representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of the impairment.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The following table sets forth a rollforward of pre-tax amounts remaining in OCI related to fixed maturity securities with credit loss impairments recognized in earnings, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Credit loss impairments:
Balance in OCI, beginning of period	$	3,586			$	1,982			$	1,291			$	4,374
New credit loss impairments	0				0				3,022				0
Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses	1				463				31				510
Reductions for securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period	(26		)		(15		)		(652		)		(1,975		)
Reductions for securities impaired to fair value during the period(1)	(3,040		)		0				(3,040		)		0
Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected	(6		)		(6		)		(137		)		(485		)
Balance in OCI, end of period	$	515			$	2,424			$	515			$	2,424

(1)	Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security's amortized cost.

Equity Securities

The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from equity securities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $0.3 million and $(0.2) million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0.5 million and $(2.1) million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans

The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans,” as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Amount (in thousands)				% of Total			Amount (in thousands)				% of Total
Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type:
Apartments/Multi-Family	$	376,650			30.5	%		$	362,811			29.9	%
Hospitality	19,162				1.6			16,083				1.3
Industrial	298,108				24.2			263,999				21.8
Office	194,300				15.8			187,450				15.5
Other	127,687				10.4			131,961				10.9
Retail	193,474				15.7			193,473				16.0
Total commercial mortgage loans	1,209,381				98.2			1,155,777				95.4
Agricultural property loans	22,583				1.8			55,438				4.6
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type	1,231,964				100.0	%		1,211,215				100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses	(1,905		)					(2,065		)
Total commercial mortgage and other loans	$	1,230,059						$	1,209,150

As of September 30, 2019, the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California (19%), Texas (14%) and New York (7%)) and included loans secured by properties in Europe (6%), Australia (4%) and Mexico (2%).

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated:

	Commercial Mortgage Loans				Agricultural Property Loans				Total
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,728			$	66			$	1,794
Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses	298				(27		)		271
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	0				0				0
Balance at December 31, 2018	2,026				39				2,065
Addition to (release of) allowance for credit losses	(146		)		(14		)		(160		)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	0				0				0
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	1,880			$	25			$	1,905

The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Commercial Mortgage Loans				Agricultural Property Loans				Total
	(in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0			$	0			$	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,880				25				1,905
Total ending balance(1)	$	1,880			$	25			$	1,905
Recorded investment(2):
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0			$	0			$	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,209,381				22,583				1,231,964
Total ending balance(1)	$	1,209,381			$	22,583			$	1,231,964

(1)	As of September 30, 2019, there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

(2)	Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance.

	December 31, 2018
	Commercial Mortgage Loans				Agricultural Property Loans				Total
	(in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0			$	0			$	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,026				39				2,065
Total ending balance(1)	$	2,026			$	39			$	2,065
Recorded investment(2):
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	0			$	816			$	816
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,155,777				54,622				1,210,399
Total ending balance(1)	$	1,155,777			$	55,438			$	1,211,215

(1)	As of December 31, 2018, there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

(2)	Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators for commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Debt Service Coverage Ratio
	≥ 1.2X				1.0X to < 1.2X				< 1.0X				Total
	(in thousands)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	671,121			$	20,619			$	815			$	692,555
60%-69.99%	348,053				10,844				0				358,897
70%-79.99%	152,603				27,683				0				180,286
80% or greater	0				226				0				226
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans	$	1,171,777			$	59,372			$	815			$	1,231,964

	December 31, 2018
	Debt Service Coverage Ratio
	≥ 1.2X				1.0X to < 1.2X				< 1.0X				Total
	(in thousands)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	696,507			$	12,771			$	80			$	709,358
60%-69.99%	321,586				18,525				0				340,111
70%-79.99%	105,727				27,790				0				133,517
80% or greater	28,000				229				0				28,229
Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans	$	1,151,820			$	59,315			$	80			$	1,211,215

The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019
	Current				30-59 Days Past Due				60-89 Days Past Due				90 Days or More Past Due(1)				Total Loans				Non-Accrual Status(2)
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans	$	1,209,381			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	1,209,381			$	0
Agricultural property loans	22,583				0				0				0				22,583				0
Total	$	1,231,964			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	1,231,964			$	0

(1)	As of September 30, 2019, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.

(2)	For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

	December 31, 2018
	Current				30-59 Days Past Due				60-89 Days Past Due				90 Days or More Past Due(1)				Total Loans				Non-Accrual Status(2)
	(in thousands)
Commercial mortgage loans	$	1,155,777			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	1,155,777			$	0
Agricultural property loans	55,438				0				0				0				55,438				0
Total	$	1,211,215			$	0			$	0			$	0			$	1,211,215			$	0

(1)	As of December 31, 2018, there were no loans in this category accruing interest.

(2)	For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, there were no commercial mortgage loans sold, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were $5 million of commercial mortgage and other loans sold. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no commercial mortgage and other loans sold.

Other Invested Assets

The following table sets forth the composition of “Other invested assets,” as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Company’s investment in separate accounts	$	45,038			$	40,126
LPs/LLCs:
Equity method:
Private equity	186,657				149,164
Hedge funds	61,061				57,171
Real estate-related	20,354				10,251
Subtotal equity method	268,072				216,586
Fair value:
Private equity	62,353				60,118
Hedge funds	690				762
Real estate-related	12,881				9,024
Subtotal fair value	75,924				69,904
Total LPs/LLCs	343,996				286,490
Derivative instruments	31,770				50,813
Total other invested assets	$	420,804			$	377,429

Net Investment Income

The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	61,889			$	55,109			$	177,525			$	163,564
Fixed maturities, trading	345				271				979				809
Equity securities, at fair value	222				222				664				664
Commercial mortgage and other loans	13,296				12,462				39,222				37,170
Policy loans	17,863				16,628				50,828				48,861
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	2,440				952				6,590				1,389
Other invested assets	3,772				5,169				31,743				7,027
Gross investment income	99,827				90,813				307,551				259,484
Less: investment expenses	(4,571		)		(4,627		)		(13,483		)		(13,734		)
Net investment income	$	95,256			$	86,186			$	294,068			$	245,750

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Realized Investment Gains (Losses), Net 

The following table sets forth “Realized investment gains (losses), net” by investment type, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities(1)	$	27,418			$	(1,048	)		$	20,745			$	(5,175	)
Commercial mortgage and other loans	54				16				160				22
LPs/LLCs	0				0				12				849
Derivatives	12,129				(48,393		)		(82,194		)		(131,034		)
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	(17		)		2				(24		)		(17		)
Realized investment gains (losses), net	$	39,584			$	(49,423	)		$	(61,301	)		$	(135,355	)

 

(1)	Includes fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and excludes fixed maturity securities classified as trading.

Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments within AOCI

The following table sets forth net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale—with OTTI	$	1,349			$	(689	)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale—all other	435,685				(44,619		)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(1)	54,238				22,122
Affiliated notes	4,074				810
Other investments	(222		)		5,055
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments	$	495,124			$	(17,321	)

(1)	For more information on cash flow hedges, see Note 4.

Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending

In the normal course of business, the Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase and enters into securities lending transactions. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no repurchase agreements.

The following table sets forth the composition of “Cash collateral for loaned securities,” which represents the liability to return cash collateral received for the following types of securities loaned, as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2019												December 31, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements												Remaining Contractual Maturities of the Agreements
	Overnight & Continuous				Up to 30 Days				Total				Overnight & Continuous				Up to 30 Days				Total
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	0			$	0			$	0			$	8,169			$	0			$	8,169
U.S. public corporate securities	5,231				0				5,231				628				0				628
Foreign public corporate securities	2,528				0				2,528				2,266				0				2,266
Total cash collateral for loaned securities(1)	$	7,759			$	0			$	7,759			$	11,063			$	0			$	11,063

(1)	The Company did not have any agreements with remaining contractual maturities of thirty days or greater, as of the dates indicated.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

4.    DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

Types of Derivative Instruments and Derivative Strategies

The Company utilizes various derivative instruments and strategies to manage its risk. Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not necessarily limited to:

• Interest rate contracts: futures, swaps, options, caps and floors

•Equity contracts: futures, options and total return swaps

•Foreign exchange contracts: futures, options, forwards and swaps

•Credit contracts: single and index reference credit default swaps

Other types of financial contracts that the Company accounts for as derivatives include:

•Embedded derivatives

For detailed information on these contracts and the related strategies, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives

The table below provides a summary of the gross notional amount and fair value of derivative contracts by the primary underlying risks, excluding embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables. Many derivative instruments contain multiple underlying risks. The fair value amounts below represent the value of derivative contracts prior to taking into account the netting effects of master netting agreements, cash collateral, and NPR.

		September 30, 2019												December 31, 2018
Primary Underlying Risk/Instrument Type						Fair Value												Fair Value
		Gross Notional				Assets				Liabilities				Gross Notional				Assets				Liabilities
		(in thousands)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Currency/Interest Rate
Foreign Currency Swaps		$	763,337			$	62,876			$	(3,766	)		$	719,476			$	38,333			$	(16,638	)
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments		$	763,337			$	62,876			$	(3,766	)		$	719,476			$	38,333			$	(16,638	)
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate
Interest Rate Swaps		$	569,925			$	46,055			$	(7,834	)		$	246,925			$	15,665			$	(3,174	)
Foreign Currency
Foreign Currency Forwards		21,326				356				(116		)		23,043				277				(20		)
Credit
Credit Default Swaps		0				0				0				756				0				(9		)
Currency/Interest Rate
Foreign Currency Swaps		154,207				12,308				(310		)		98,363				6,303				(2,109		)
Equity
Equity Options		2,459,723				113,110				(37,620		)		1,981,693				17,312				(4,912		)
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments		$	3,205,181			$	171,829			$	(45,880	)		$	2,350,780			$	39,557			$	(10,224	)
Total Derivatives(1)(2)		$	3,968,518			$	234,705			$	(49,646	)		$	3,070,256			$	77,890			$	(26,862	)

(1)	Excludes embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables which contain multiple underlying risks.

(2)	Recorded in “Other invested assets” and “Other liabilities” on the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The fair value of the embedded derivatives, included in "Future policy benefits," was a net liability of $11,303 million and $5,589 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair value of the related reinsurance recoverables, included in "Reinsurance recoverables" or "Other liabilities," was a net asset of $11,314 million and $5,600 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Of these reinsurance recoverables, the fair value related to the living benefits guarantee from Prudential Annuities Life Assurance Corporation ("PALAC") and Prudential Insurance was a net asset of $11,155 million and $5,585 million and the fair value related to the Prudential Premier® Retirement Variable Annuity with Highest Daily Lifetime Income ("HDI") v.3.0 from Union Hamilton Reinsurance, Ltd. ("Union Hamilton"), an external counterparty, was a net asset of $159 million and $15 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Note 6 for additional information on these reinsurance agreements.

The fair value of the embedded derivatives, included in "Policyholders' account balances," was a net liability of $876 million and $13 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no related reinsurance recoverables at each respective period.

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents recognized derivative instruments (excluding embedded derivatives and associated reinsurance recoverables), and repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are offset in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and/or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

	September 30, 2019
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Financial Instruments				Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position				Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position				Financial Instruments/ Collateral (1)				Net Amount
	(in thousands)
Offsetting of Financial Assets:
Derivatives(1)	$	234,702			$	(202,935	)		$	31,767			$	(25,686	)		$	6,081
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	0				0				0				0				0
Total Assets	$	234,702			$	(202,935	)		$	31,767			$	(25,686	)		$	6,081
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives(1)	$	49,646			$	(49,646	)		$	0			$	0			$	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0				0				0				0				0
Total Liabilities	$	49,646			$	(49,646	)		$	0			$	0			$	0

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	December 31, 2018
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Financial Instruments				Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position				Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position				Financial Instruments/ Collateral (1)				Net Amount
	(in thousands)
Offsetting of Financial Assets:
Derivatives(1)	$	77,887			$	(27,078	)		$	50,809			$	(7,307	)		$	43,502
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	143,000				0				143,000				(143,000		)		0
Total Assets	$	220,887			$	(27,078	)		$	193,809			$	(150,307	)		$	43,502
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives(1)	$	26,862			$	(26,862	)		$	0			$	0			$	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0				0				0				0				0
Total Liabilities	$	26,862			$	(26,862	)		$	0			$	0			$	0

(1)	Amounts exclude the excess of collateral received/pledged from/to the counterparty.

For information regarding the rights of offset associated with the derivative assets and liabilities in the table above see “Credit Risk” below and Note 9. For securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the Company monitors the value of the securities and maintains collateral, as appropriate, to protect against credit exposure. Where the Company has entered into repurchase and resale agreements with the same counterparty, in the event of default, the Company would generally be permitted to exercise rights of offset. For additional information on the Company’s accounting policy for securities repurchase and resale agreements, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Cash Flow Hedges

The primary derivative instruments used by the Company in its cash flow hedge accounting relationships are currency swaps. These instruments are only designated for hedge accounting in instances where the appropriate criteria are met. The Company does not use futures, options, credit, equity or embedded derivatives in any of its cash flow hedge accounting relationships.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The following tables provide the financial statement classification and impact of derivatives used in qualifying and non-qualifying hedge relationships, excluding the offset of the hedged item in an effective hedge relationship.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Realized Investment Gains (Losses)				Net Investment Income				Other Income				AOCI(1)
	(in thousands)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Currency/Interest Rate	$	695			$	2,308			$	4,661			$	25,481
Total cash flow hedges	695				2,308				4,661				25,481
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate	12,731				0				0				0
Currency	903				0				0				0
Currency/Interest Rate	6,304				0				37				0
Credit	0				0				0				0
Equity	3,956				0				0				0
Embedded Derivatives	(12,460		)		0				0				0
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments	11,434				0				37				0
Total	$	12,129			$	2,308			$	4,698			$	25,481

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Realized Investment Gains (Losses)				Net Investment Income				Other Income				AOCI(1)
	(in thousands)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Currency/Interest Rate	$	447			$	6,589			$	4,627			$	32,143
Total cash flow hedges	447				6,589				4,627				32,143
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate	28,028				0				0				0
Currency	1,226				0				0				0
Currency/Interest Rate	9,407				0				42				0
Credit	(1		)		0				0				0
Equity	45,485				0				0				0
Embedded Derivatives	(166,786		)		0				0				0
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments	(82,641		)		0				42				0
Total	$	(82,194	)		$	6,589			$	4,669			$	32,143

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018(2)
	Realized Investment Gains (Losses)				Net Investment Income				Other Income				AOCI(1)
	(in thousands)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Currency/Interest Rate	$	(957	)		$	1,767			$	1,872			$	1,454
Total cash flow hedges	(957		)		1,767				1,872				1,454
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate	(4,543		)		0				0				0
Currency	230				0				0				0
Currency/Interest Rate	264				0				18				0
Credit	0				0				0				0
Equity	20,901				0				0				0
Embedded Derivatives	(64,288		)		0				0				0
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments	(47,436		)		0				18				0
Total	$	(48,393	)		$	1,767			$	1,890			$	1,454

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018(2)
	Realized Investment Gains (Losses)				Net Investment Income				Other Income				AOCI(1)
	(in thousands)
Derivatives Designated as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Currency/Interest Rate	$	(1,390	)		$	4,916			$	6,917			$	10,111
Total cash flow hedges	(1,390		)		4,916				6,917				10,111
Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments:
Interest Rate	(17,068		)		0				0				0
Currency	895				0				0				0
Currency/Interest Rate	1,773				0				33				0
Credit	(2		)		0				0				0
Equity	23,725				0				0				0
Embedded Derivatives	(138,967		)		0				0				0
Total Derivatives Not Qualifying as Hedge Accounting Instruments	(129,644		)		0				33				0
Total	$	(131,034	)		$	4,916			$	6,950			$	10,111

(1)	Net change in AOCI.

(2)	Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Presented below is a rollforward of current period cash flow hedges in AOCI before taxes:

	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	22,122
Cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2017-12(1)	(27		)
Amount recorded in AOCI
Currency/Interest Rate	43,806
Total amount recorded in AOCI	43,806
Amount reclassified from AOCI to income
Currency/Interest Rate	(11,663		)
Total amount reclassified from AOCI to income	(11,663		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	54,238

(1)	See Note 2 for details.

The changes in fair value of cash flow hedges are deferred in AOCI and are included in "Net unrealized investment gains (losses)" in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss); these amounts are then reclassified to earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. Using September 30, 2019 values, it is estimated that a pre-tax gain of $8 million is expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings during the subsequent twelve months ending September 30, 2020, offset by amounts pertaining to the hedged items.

The exposures the Company is hedging with these qualifying cash flow hedges include the variability of the payment or receipt of interest or foreign currency amounts on existing financial instruments.

There were no material amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging.

Credit Derivatives

The Company has no exposure from credit derivative positions where it has written credit protection as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Company has purchased credit protection using credit derivatives in order to hedge specific credit exposures in the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company has outstanding notional amounts of $0 million and $1 million reported as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, with a fair value of $0 million for both periods.

Credit Risk

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by a counterparty to financial derivative transactions with a positive fair value. The Company manages credit risk by entering into derivative transactions with its affiliate, Prudential Global Funding LLC (“PGF”), related to its over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives. PGF, in turn, manages its credit risk by: (i) entering into derivative transactions with highly rated major international financial institutions and other creditworthy counterparties governed by master netting agreement, as applicable; (ii) trading through central clearing and OTC parties; (iii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities, when appropriate; and (iv) setting limits on single-party credit exposures which are subject to periodic management review.

Substantially all of the Company’s derivative agreements have zero thresholds which require daily full collateralization by the party in a liability position.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

5.    FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Fair Value Measurement - Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The authoritative fair value guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 – Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, and other market observable inputs.

Level 3 – Fair value is based on at least one significant unobservable input for the asset or liability. The assets and liabilities in this category may require significant judgment or estimation in determining the fair value.

For a discussion of the Company's valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level – The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates indicated.

	As of September 30, 2019
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Netting(1)				Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	0			$	48,207			$	36,239			$	0			$	84,446
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	0				583,991				0				0				583,991
Foreign government bonds	0				224,600				164				0				224,764
U.S. corporate public securities	0				2,205,969				2,574				0				2,208,543
U.S. corporate private securities	0				897,271				42,496				0				939,767
Foreign corporate public securities	0				282,829				187				0				283,016
Foreign corporate private securities	0				908,005				13,600				0				921,605
Asset-backed securities(2)	0				123,089				2,372				0				125,461
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0				415,992				0				0				415,992
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0				66,775				1,662				0				68,437
Subtotal	0				5,756,728				99,294				0				5,856,022
Fixed maturities, trading	0				56,591				593				0				57,184
Equity securities	131				561				17,371				0				18,063
Short-term investments	0				0				456				0				456
Cash equivalents	99,743				368,965				0				0				468,708
Other invested assets(3)	0				234,701				4				(202,935		)		31,770
Reinsurance recoverables	0				0				11,313,614				0				11,313,614
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0				121,087				4,682				0				125,769
Subtotal excluding separate account assets	99,874				6,538,633				11,436,014				(202,935		)		17,871,586
Separate account assets(4)(5)	0				128,566,376				0				0				128,566,376
Total assets	$	99,874			$	135,105,009			$	11,436,014			$	(202,935	)		$	146,437,962
Future policy benefits(6)	$	0			$	0			$	11,302,531			$	0			$	11,302,531
Policyholders' account balances	0				0				875,975				0				875,975
Payables to parent and affiliates	0				49,646				0				(49,646		)		0
Total liabilities	$	0			$	49,646			$	12,178,506			$	(49,646	)		$	12,178,506

 

 

 

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	As of December 31, 2018
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Netting(1)				Total
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	0			$	47,654			$	29,816			$	0			$	77,470
Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions	0				622,758				0				0				622,758
Foreign government bonds	0				201,947				0				0				201,947
U.S. corporate public securities	0				1,731,623				2				0				1,731,625
U.S. corporate private securities	0				838,497				44,841				0				883,338
Foreign corporate public securities	0				262,023				0				0				262,023
Foreign corporate private securities	0				815,634				11,745				0				827,379
Asset-backed securities(2)	0				151,040				6,556				0				157,596
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	0				346,396				0				0				346,396
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0				89,063				0				0				89,063
Subtotal	0				5,106,635				92,960				0				5,199,595
Fixed maturities, trading	0				41,627				0				0				41,627
Equity securities	131				20,794				15,997				0				36,922
Short-term investments	0				0				0				0				0
Cash equivalents	69,903				147,043				0				0				216,946
Other invested assets(3)	0				77,886				4				(27,078		)		50,812
Reinsurance recoverables	0				0				5,600,008				0				5,600,008
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0				125,381				9,261				0				134,642
Subtotal excluding separate account assets	70,034				5,519,366				5,718,230				(27,078		)		11,280,552
Separate account assets(4)(5)	0				114,947,872				0				0				114,947,872
Total assets	$	70,034			$	120,467,238			$	5,718,230			$	(27,078	)		$	126,228,424
Future policy benefits(6)	$	0			$	0			$	5,588,840			$	0			$	5,588,840
Policyholders' account balances	0				0				13,015				0				13,015
Payables to parent and affiliates	0				26,862				0				(26,862		)		0
Total liabilities	$	0			$	26,862			$	5,601,855			$	(26,862	)		$	5,601,855

(1)	“Netting” amounts represent cash collateral of $153.3 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2)	Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types.

(3)	Other invested assets excluded from the fair value hierarchy include certain hedge funds, private equity funds and other funds for which fair value is measured at net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair values of such investments were $76 million and $70 million, respectively.

(4)

Separate account assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude investments in entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. Such investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy include investments in real estate, hedge funds and a corporate owned life insurance fund, for which fair value is measured at NAV per share (or its equivalent). As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of such investments was $4,609 million and $4,130 million, respectively.

(5)

Separate account assets represent segregated funds that are invested for certain customers. Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the customers, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts. Separate account liabilities are not included in the above table as they are reported at contract value and not fair value in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

(6)

As of September 30, 2019, the net embedded derivative liability position of $11,303 million includes $430 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $11,733 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position. As of December 31, 2018, the net embedded derivative liability position of $5,589 million includes $633 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $6,222 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Quantitative Information Regarding Internally Priced Level 3 Assets and Liabilities – The tables below present quantitative information on significant internally-priced Level 3 assets and liabilities.

	As of September 30, 2019
	Fair Value			Valuation   Techniques		Unobservable Inputs		Minimum				Maximum				Weighted   Average				Impact of  Increase in  Input on  Fair Value(1)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)	$	25,493		Discounted cash flow		Discount rate		5.86	%			19.01	%			10.59	%			Decrease
				Market Comparables		EBITDA multiples(3)		5.7	X			5.7	X			5.7	X			Increase
Reinsurance recoverables	$	11,313,614		Fair values are determined using the same unobservable inputs as future policy benefits.
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(4)	$	11,302,531		Discounted cash flow		Lapse rate(6)		1	%			18	%							Decrease
						Spread over LIBOR(7)		0.16	%			1.46	%							Decrease
						Utilization rate(8)		43	%			97	%							Increase
						Withdrawal rate		See table footnote (9) below.
						Mortality rate(10)		0	%			15	%							Decrease
						Equity volatility curve		14	%			23	%							Increase
Policyholders' account balances(5)	$	875,975		Discounted cash flow		Lapse rate(6)		1	%			6	%							Decrease
						Spread over LIBOR(7)		0.16	%			1.46	%							Decrease
						Mortality rate(10)		0	%			24	%							Decrease
						Equity volatility curve		11	%			24	%							Increase

	As of December 31, 2018
	Fair Value			Valuation   Techniques		Unobservable Inputs		Minimum				Maximum				Weighted   Average				Impact of  Increase in  Input on  Fair Value(1)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Corporate securities(2)	$	31,503		Discounted cash flow		Discount rate		7	%			20	%			10.21	%			Decrease
				Liquidation		Liquidation value		40.71	%			40.71	%			40.71	%			Increase
Reinsurance recoverables	$	5,600,008		Fair values are determined using the same unobservable inputs as future policy benefits.
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits(4)	$	5,588,840		Discounted cash flow		Lapse rate(6)		1	%			13	%							Decrease
						Spread over LIBOR(7)		0.36	%			1.60	%							Decrease
						Utilization rate(8)		50	%			97	%							Increase
						Withdrawal rate		See table footnote (9) below.
						Mortality rate(10)		0	%			15	%							Decrease
						Equity volatility curve		18	%			22	%							Increase

(1)	Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on fair value as that presented in the table.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

(2)	Includes assets classified as fixed maturities, available-for-sale and fixed maturities trading.

(3)	Represents multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), and are amounts used when the Company has determined that market participants would use such multiples when valuing the investments.

(4)

Future policy benefits primarily represent general account liabilities for the living benefit features of the Company’s variable annuity contracts which are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.

(5)

Policyholders’ account balances primarily represent general account liabilities for the index-linked interest credited on certain of the Company’s life products that are accounted for as embedded derivatives. Since the valuation methodology for these liabilities uses a range of inputs that vary at the contract level over the cash flow projection period, presenting a range, rather than weighted average, is a more meaningful representation of the unobservable inputs used in the valuation.

(6)

Lapse rates for contracts with living benefit guarantees are adjusted at the contract level based on the in-the-moneyness of the living benefit and reflect other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. Lapse rates are reduced when contracts are more in-the-money. Lapse rates for contracts with index-linked crediting guarantees may be adjusted at the contract level based on the applicability of any surrender charges, product type, and market related factors such as interest rates. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower for the period where surrender charges apply. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for the purposes of valuing these embedded derivatives.

(7)

The spread over the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") swap curve represents the premium added to the proxy for the risk-free rate (LIBOR) to reflect the Company's estimates of rates that a market participant would use to value the living benefits in both the accumulation and payout phases and index-linked interest crediting guarantees. This spread includes an estimate of NPR, which is the risk that the obligation will not be fulfilled by the Company. NPR is primarily estimated by utilizing the credit spreads associated with issuing funding agreements, adjusted for any illiquidity risk premium. In order to reflect the financial strength ratings of the Company, credit spreads associated with funding agreements, as opposed to credit spread associated with debt, are utilized in developing this estimate because funding agreements, living benefit guarantees, and index-linked interest crediting guarantees are insurance liabilities and are therefore senior to debt.

(8)

The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contracts that will utilize the benefit during the contract duration and begin lifetime withdrawals at various time intervals from contract inception. The remaining contractholders are assumed to either begin lifetime withdrawals immediately or never utilize the benefit. Utilization assumptions may vary by product type, tax status and age. The impact of changes in these assumptions is highly dependent on the product type, the age of the contractholder at the time of the sale, and the timing of the first lifetime income withdrawal. Range reflects the utilization rate for the vast majority of business with living benefits.

(9)

The withdrawal rate assumption estimates the magnitude of annual contractholder withdrawals relative to the maximum allowable amount under the contract. These assumptions vary based on the age of the contractholder, the tax status of the contract and the duration since the contractholder began lifetime withdrawals. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the minimum withdrawal rate assumption is 78% and the maximum withdrawal rate assumption may be greater than 100%. The fair value of the liability will generally increase the closer the withdrawal rate is to 100% and decrease as the withdrawal rate moves further away from 100%.

(10)

The range reflects the mortality rates for the vast majority of business with living benefits and other contracts, with policyholders ranging from 45 to 90 years old. While the majority of living benefits have a minimum age requirement, certain other contracts do not have an age restriction. This results in contractholders with mortality rates approaching 0% for certain benefits. Mortality rates may vary by product, age, and duration. A mortality improvement assumption is also incorporated into the overall mortality table.

Interrelationships Between Unobservable Inputs – In addition to the sensitivities of fair value measurements to changes in each unobservable input in isolation, as reflected in the table above, interrelationships between these inputs may also exist, such that a change in one unobservable input may give rise to a change in another, or multiple, inputs. For the discussion of the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as market factors that may affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 assets and liabilities, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities – The following tables describe changes in fair values of Level 3 assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at the end of their respective periods. When a determination is made to classify assets and liabilities within Level 3, the determination is based on significance of the unobservable inputs in the overall fair value measurement. All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs, including the availability of pricing service information that the Company can validate. All transfers are generally reported at the value as of the beginning of the quarter in which transfers occur for any such assets still held at the end of the quarter.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Fair Value, beginning of period			Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)			Purchases			Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Other(2)			Transfers into Level 3			Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value, end of period			Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government	$	34,392		$	0		$	1,847		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	36,239		$	0
Foreign government	165			(1		)	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			164			0
Corporate securities(4)	54,014			(14		)	796			(28		)	0			(1,158		)	0			5,247			0			58,857			(1,731		)
Structured securities(5)	4,297			16			0			(101		)	0			(178		)	0			0			0			4,034			0
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading	605			(12		)	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			593			(12		)
Equity securities	17,105			266			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			17,371			266
Other invested assets	4			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			4			0
Short-term investments	94			0			606			0			0			(244		)	0			0			0			456			0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	8,485,905			2,567,927			259,782			0			0			0			0			0			0			11,313,614			2,653,797
Receivables from parent and affiliates	6,295			(35		)	0			0			0			(1,578		)	0			0			0			4,682			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(8,476,541		)	(2,568,251		)	0			0			(257,739		)	0			0			0			0			(11,302,531		)	(2,655,925		)
Policyholders' account balances(6)	(786,969		)	26,006			0			0			(115,012		)	0			0			0			0			(875,975		)	35,117
Other liabilities	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)													Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)			Other income (loss)			Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			Net investment income				Realized investment gains (losses), net			Other income (loss)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	(1,549	)	$	0		$	1,406		$	144			$	(1,731	)	$	0
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading	0			(12		)	0			0				0			(12		)
Equity securities	0			266			0			0				0			266
Other invested assets	0			0			0			0				0			0
Short-term investments	0			0			0			0				0			0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0				0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	2,567,927			0			0			0				2,653,797			0
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			0			0			(35		)		0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(2,568,251		)	0			0			0				(2,655,925		)	0
Policyholders' account balances	26,006			0			0			0				35,117			0
Other liabilities	0			0			0			0				0			0

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Fair Value, beginning of period			Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)			Purchases			Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Other(2)			Transfers into Level 3			Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value, end of period			Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government	$	29,816		$	0		$	6,423		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	36,239		$	0
Foreign government	0			5			0			0			0			0			0			159			0			164			0
Corporate securities(4)	56,588			(3,192		)	2,918			(81		)	0			(10,839		)	0			13,463			0			58,857			(4,893		)
Structured securities(5)	6,556			1,326			0			(103		)	0			(4,334		)	0			77,660			(77,071		)	4,034			0
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading	0			(158		)	0			0			0			0			0			751			0			593			(158		)
Equity securities	15,997			1,374			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			17,371			1,374
Other invested assets	4			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			4			0
Short-term investments	0			0			1,069			0			0			(613		)	0			0			0			456			0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	5,600,008			4,974,433			739,173			0			0			0			0			0			0			11,313,614			5,127,527
Receivables from parent and affiliates	9,261			158			0			0			0			(4,737		)	0			0			0			4,682			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(5,588,840		)	(4,980,450		)	0			0			(733,241		)	0			0			0			0			(11,302,531		)	(5,133,545		)
Policyholders' account balances(6)	(13,015		)	(699,535		)	0			0			(163,425		)	0			0			0			0			(875,975		)	(689,872		)
Other liabilities	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)													Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)			Other income (loss)			Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			Net investment income				Realized investment gains (losses), net			Other income (loss)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	(4,616	)	$	0		$	2,248		$	507			$	(4,893	)	$	0
Other assets:
Fixed maturities, trading	0			(158		)	0			0				0			(158		)
Equity securities	0			1,374			0			0				0			1,374
Other invested assets	0			0			0			0				0			0
Short-term investments	0			0			0			0				0			0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0				0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	4,974,433			0			0			0				5,127,527			0
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			0			0			158				0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(4,980,450		)	0			0			0				(5,133,545		)	0
Policyholders' account balances	(699,535		)	0			0			0				(689,872		)	0
Other liabilities	0			0			0			0				0			0

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018(7)
	Fair Value, beginning of period			Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)			Purchases			Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Other(2)			Transfers into Level 3			Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value, end of period			Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government	$	24,411		$	0		$	935		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	25,346		$	0
Foreign government	160			0			0			0			0			0			(1		)	0			0			159			0
Corporate securities(4)	62,418			(2,917		)	669			0			0			(12,767		)	0			0			(3,936		)	43,467			(1,310		)
Structured securities(5)	19,661			(424		)	20,229			(10,648		)	0			(2,138		)	0			0			0			26,680			0
Other assets:
Equity securities	16,625			(223		)	0			(75		)	0			0			0			0			0			16,327			(222		)
Other invested assets	5			4			0			0			0			0			0			0			(9		)	0			4
Short-term investments	333			0			5,440			0			0			(5,316		)	(1		)	0			0			456			(1		)
Cash equivalents	564			0			0			0			0			(564		)	0			0			0			0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	3,943,881			(1,210,408		)	224,620			0			0			0			0			0			0			2,958,093			(1,174,501		)
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(3,916,973		)	1,240,116			0			0			(231,467		)	0			0			0			0			(2,908,324		)	1,204,459
Policyholders' account balances(6)	(41,946		)	(21,841		)	0			0			0			2,940			0			0			0			(60,847		)	(21,841		)
Other liabilities	(17,610		)	(32,501		)	8,778			0			0			0			0			0			0			(41,333		)	(32,750		)

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018(7)
	Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)													Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)			Other income (loss)			Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			Net investment income				Realized investment gains (losses), net			Other income (loss)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	(809	)	$	0		$	(2,675	)	$	143			$	(1,310	)	$	0
Other assets:
Equity securities	0			(223		)	0			0				0			(222		)
Other invested assets	4			0			0			0				4			0
Short-term investments	0			0			0			0				(1		)	0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0				0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	(1,210,408		)	0			0			0				(1,174,501		)	0
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			0			0			0				0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	1,240,116			0			0			0				1,204,459			0
Policyholders' account balances	(21,841		)	0			0			0				(21,841		)	0
Other liabilities	(32,501		)	0			0			0				(32,750		)	0

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018(7)
	Fair Value, beginning of period			Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)			Purchases			Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Other(2)			Transfers into Level 3			Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value, end of period			Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government	$	19,204		$	0		$	6,142		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	25,346		$	0
Foreign government	0			(14		)	0			0			0			0			173			0			0			159			0
Corporate securities(4)	75,421			(3,628		)	4,816			(201		)	0			(32,838		)	14			4,028			(4,145		)	43,467			(1,385		)
Structured securities(5)	111,028			(477		)	31,067			(10,844		)	0			(10,204		)	0			13,513			(107,403		)	26,680			0
Other assets:
Equity securities	17,525			(1,123		)	0			(75		)	0			0			0			0			0			16,327			(1,123		)
Other invested assets	0			0			0			0			0			0			0			9			(9		)	0			0
Short-term investments	1,339			(18		)	10,710			0			0			(11,560		)	(15		)	0			0			456			(19		)
Cash equivalents	0			0			2,550			0			0			(2,550		)	0			0			0			0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	5,457,649			(3,164,957		)	665,401			0			0			0			0			0			0			2,958,093			(3,000,498		)
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			(20		)	0			0			0			0			0			6,551			(6,531		)	0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	(5,452,583		)	3,230,314			0			0			(686,055		)	0			0			0			0			(2,908,324		)	3,065,835
Policyholders' account balances(6)	(46,651		)	(24,687		)	0			0			0			10,491			0			0			0			(60,847		)	(24,688		)
Other liabilities	0			(67,816		)	26,483			0			0			0			0			0			0			(41,333		)	(67,796		)

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018(7)
	Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)													Unrealized gains (losses) for assets still held(3)
	Realized investment gains (losses), net(1)			Other income (loss)			Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			Net investment income				Realized investment gains (losses), net			Other income (loss)
	(in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	(1,044	)	$	0		$	(3,382	)	$	307			$	(1,385	)	$	0
Other assets:
Equity securities	0			(1,123		)	0			0				0			(1,123		)
Other invested assets	0			0			0			0				0			0
Short-term investments	(18		)	0			0			0				(19		)	0
Cash equivalents	0			0			0			0				0			0
Reinsurance recoverables	(3,164,957		)	0			0			0				(3,000,498		)	0
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0			(20		)	0			0				0			0
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	3,230,314			0			0			0				3,065,835			0
Policyholders' account balances	(24,687		)	0			0			0				(24,688		)	0
Other liabilities	(67,816		)	0			0			0				(67,796		)	0

(1)	Realized investment gains (losses) on future policy benefits and reinsurance recoverables primarily represent the change in the fair value of the Company's living benefit guarantees on certain of its variable annuity contracts.

(2)	Other includes reclassifications of certain assets and liabilities between reporting categories.

(3)	Unrealized gains or losses related to assets still held at the end of the period do not include amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts.

(4)	Includes U.S. corporate public, U.S. corporate private, foreign corporate public and foreign corporate private securities.

(5)	Includes asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities.

(6)	Issuances and settlements for Policyholders' account balances are presented net in the rollforward.

(7)	Prior period amounts have been updated to conform to current period presentation.

 

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The table below presents the carrying amount and fair value by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. The financial instruments presented below are reported at carrying value on the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In some cases, as described below, the carrying amount equals or approximates fair value.

	September 30, 2019
	Fair Value																Carrying Amount(1)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total				Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Commercial mortgage and other loans	$	0			$	0			$	1,288,280			$	1,288,280			$	1,230,059
Policy loans	0				0				1,283,214				1,283,214				1,283,214
Cash and cash equivalents	79,880				0				0				79,880				79,880
Accrued investment income	0				89,822				0				89,822				89,822
Reinsurance recoverables	0				0				210,484				210,484				209,265
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0				160,926				0				160,926				160,925
Other assets	0				31,912				0				31,912				31,912
Total assets	$	79,880			$	282,660			$	2,781,978			$	3,144,518			$	3,085,077
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances - investment contracts	$	0			$	1,242,610			$	278,115			$	1,520,725			$	1,519,506
Cash collateral for loaned securities	0				7,759				0				7,759				7,759
Payables to parent and affiliates	0				180,261				0				180,261				180,261
Other liabilities	0				368,759				0				368,759				368,759
Total liabilities	$	0			$	1,799,389			$	278,115			$	2,077,504			$	2,076,285

	December 31, 2018
	Fair Value																Carrying Amount(1)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total				Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Commercial mortgage and other loans	$	0			$	0			$	1,214,350			$	1,214,350			$	1,209,150
Policy loans	0				0				1,236,077				1,236,077				1,236,077
Cash and cash equivalents	56,894				143,000				0				199,894				199,894
Accrued investment income	0				88,278				0				88,278				88,278
Reinsurance recoverables	0				0				0				0				0
Receivables from parent and affiliates	0				154,938				0				154,938				154,938
Other assets	0				28,950				0				28,950				28,950
Total assets	$	56,894			$	415,166			$	2,450,427			$	2,922,487			$	2,917,287
Liabilities:
Policyholders’ account balances - investment contracts	$	0			$	1,206,747			$	272,322			$	1,479,069			$	1,486,929
Cash collateral for loaned securities	0				11,063				0				11,063				11,063
Payables to parent and affiliates	0				229,345				0				229,345				229,345
Other liabilities	0				372,997				0				372,997				372,997
Total liabilities	$	0			$	1,820,152			$	272,322			$	2,092,474			$	2,100,334

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

(1) Carrying values presented herein differ from those in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position because certain items within the respective financial statement captions are not considered financial instruments or are out of scope under authoritative guidance relating to disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments.

6.    REINSURANCE

The Company participates in reinsurance with its affiliates Prudential Life Insurance Company of Taiwan Inc. (“Prudential of Taiwan”), Prudential Arizona Reinsurance Captive Company (“PARCC”), Prudential Arizona Reinsurance Term Company (“PAR Term”), Prudential Arizona Reinsurance Universal Company (“PAR U”), Prudential Universal Reinsurance Company ("PURC"), Prudential Term Reinsurance Company (“Term Re”), PALAC, Gibraltar Universal Life Reinsurance Company ("GUL Re") and Dryden Arizona Reinsurance Term Company (“DART”), its parent company Prudential Insurance, as well as third parties. The reinsurance agreements provide risk diversification and additional capacity for future growth, limit the maximum net loss potential, manage statutory capital, and facilitate the Company's capital market hedging program. Life reinsurance is accomplished through various plans of reinsurance, primarily yearly renewable term and coinsurance. Reinsurance ceded arrangements do not discharge the Company as the primary insurer. Ceded balances would represent a liability of the Company in the event the reinsurers were unable to meet their obligations to the Company under the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The Company believes a material reinsurance liability resulting from such inability of reinsurers to meet their obligations is unlikely.

Reserves related to reinsured long-duration contracts are accounted for using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying contracts. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for long-duration reinsurance arrangements are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liabilities and policy benefits associated with the reinsured policies. Reinsurance policy charges and fee income ceded for universal life and variable annuity products are accounted for as a reduction of policy charges and fee income. Reinsurance premiums ceded for term insurance products are accounted for as a reduction of premiums.

Realized investment gains and losses include the impact of reinsurance agreements, particularly reinsurance agreements involving living benefit guarantees. The Company has entered into reinsurance agreements to transfer the risk related to the living benefit guarantees on variable annuities to PALAC excluding the PLNJ business which was reinsured to Prudential Insurance. These reinsurance agreements are derivatives and have been accounted for in the same manner as embedded derivatives and the changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recognized through “Realized investment gains (losses), net”. See Note 4 for additional information related to the accounting for embedded derivatives.

Reinsurance amounts included in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Reinsurance recoverables	$	42,921,981			$	34,682,127
Policy loans	(138,789		)		(130,502		)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,862,482		)		(7,267,847		)
Deferred sales inducements	(528,629		)		(562,052		)
Other assets(1)	269,342				185,573
Policyholders’ account balances	4,950,024				5,004,112
Future policy benefits	4,173,094				3,376,048
Other liabilities(2)	921,850				621,856

(1)	Includes $0.0 million and $0.1 million of unaffiliated activity as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2)	Includes $39 million and $27 million of unaffiliated activity as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The reinsurance recoverables by counterparty are broken out below:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
PAR U	$	12,277,299			$	11,444,032
PALAC	14,077,766				8,828,190
PURC	4,510,249				4,127,455
PARCC	2,666,372				2,527,690
GUL Re	2,211,909				2,017,810
PAR Term	1,827,497				1,678,745
Prudential Insurance	1,975,165				1,226,917
Prudential of Taiwan	1,439,389				1,414,669
Term Re	1,456,210				1,259,141
DART	275,156				119,946
Unaffiliated	204,969				37,532
Total reinsurance recoverables	$	42,921,981			$	34,682,127

Reinsurance amounts, included in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, were as follows:

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Premiums:
Direct	$	468,900			$	451,790			$	1,408,157			$	1,343,358
Assumed(1)	51				57				157				175
Ceded(2)	(466,593		)		(437,696		)		(1,379,545		)		(1,306,564		)
Net premiums	2,358				14,151				28,769				36,969
Policy charges and fee income:
Direct	896,151				843,551				2,856,071				2,407,062
Assumed	130,113				125,079				385,820				369,483
Ceded(3)	(915,635		)		(861,704		)		(2,843,402		)		(2,371,460		)
Net policy charges and fee income	110,629				106,926				398,489				405,085
Net investment income:
Direct	96,424				87,260				297,931				249,366
Assumed	427				404				1,230				1,162
Ceded	(1,595		)		(1,478		)		(5,093		)		(4,778		)
Net investment income	95,256				86,186				294,068				245,750
Asset administration fees:
Direct	90,797				88,721				262,616				262,449
Assumed	0				0				0				0
Ceded	(86,661		)		(84,994		)		(250,862		)		(251,705		)
Net asset administration fees	4,136				3,727				11,754				10,744
Other income:
Direct	19,631				20,432				59,459				49,778
Assumed(4)	438				57				(1,033		)		(133		)
Ceded	(7		)		(219		)		(69		)		(46		)
Amortization of reinsurance income	1,180				1,493				(1,160		)		7,538
Net other income	21,242				21,763				57,197				57,137
Realized investment gains (losses), net:
Direct	(2,500,567		)		1,234,853				(4,920,019		)		3,213,137
Assumed	0				0				0				0
Ceded(5)	2,540,151				(1,284,276		)		4,858,718				(3,348,492		)
Realized investment gains (losses), net	39,584				(49,423		)		(61,301		)		(135,355		)
Policyholders’ benefits (including change in reserves):
Direct	874,424				636,021				2,671,720				1,932,194
Assumed(6)	252,424				122,727				747,135				381,934
Ceded(7)	(1,080,958		)		(748,925		)		(3,287,196		)		(2,212,128		)
Net policyholders’ benefits (including change in reserves)	45,890				9,823				131,659				102,000
Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances:
Direct	163,479				137,309				376,590				383,521
Assumed	35,575				34,414				100,744				105,780
Ceded	(119,647		)		(127,014		)		(303,020		)		(361,239		)
Net interest credited to policyholders’ account balances	79,407				44,709				174,314				128,062
Reinsurance expense allowances and general and administrative expenses, net of capitalization and amortization	(475,041		)		(420,813		)		(1,393,034		)		(1,200,005		)

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

(1)	Includes $0.1 million of unaffiliated activity for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $0.2 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

(2)	Includes $(0.1) million of unaffiliated activity for both the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018 and $(0.3) million and $(0.1) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(3)	Includes $(13) million and $(8) million of unaffiliated activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $(25) million and $(14) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(4)	Includes $1 million and $(0.1) million of unaffiliated activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $(1) million and $(0.1) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(5)	Includes $61 million and $(33) million of unaffiliated activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $117 million and $(81) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(6)	Includes $1 million and $0.1 million of unaffiliated activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1 million and $0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

(7)	Includes $(8) million and $(4) million of unaffiliated activity for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $(12) million and $(8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The gross and net amounts of life insurance face amount in force as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Direct gross life insurance face amount in force	$	979,079,094			$	922,386,427
Assumed gross life insurance face amount in force	40,137,874				41,088,914
Reinsurance ceded	(954,117,728		)		(889,021,800		)
Net life insurance face amount in force	$	65,099,240			$	74,453,541

Information regarding significant affiliated reinsurance agreements is described below.

PAR U

Pruco Life reinsures an amount equal to 70% of all the risks associated with Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees as well as certain of its universal policies, with effective dates prior to January 1, 2011.

Effective July 1, 2012, PLNJ reinsures an amount equal to 95% of all the risks associated with Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees as well as certain of its universal policies, excluding those policies that are subject to principles-based reserving.

On January 2, 2013, Pruco Life began to assume Guaranteed Universal Life ("GUL") business from Prudential Insurance in connection with the acquisition of The Hartford Life Business. The GUL business assumed from Prudential Insurance was subsequently retroceded to PAR U.

PALAC

Effective April 1, 2016, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement to reinsure its variable annuity base contracts, along with the living benefit guarantees to PALAC, excluding the PLNJ business, which was reinsured to Prudential Insurance. This reinsurance agreement covers new and in force business and excludes business reinsured externally.

PURC

Pruco Life reinsures an amount equal to 70% of all the risks associated with its Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees as well as certain of its universal policies, with effective dates from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2013, with PURC and 95% of all the risks associated with Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees, as well as certain of its universal policies, with effective dates from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2016.

PARCC

Prior to July 1, 2019, the Company reinsured 90% of the risks under its term life insurance policies, with effective dates prior to January 1, 2010 through an automatic coinsurance agreement with PARCC. Effective July 1, 2019, the Company amended the coinsurance agreement to increase the percentage from 90% to 100% of the policy risk amount reinsured, which resulted in an initial transfer of $476 million in premiums and $409 million in expenses ceded with the difference being deferred and subsequently amortized through income.

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

GUL Re

Effective January 1, 2017, Pruco Life entered into an automatic coinsurance agreement with GUL Re to reinsure an amount equal to 95% of all the risks associated with Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees, as well as certain of its universal policies, with effective dates on or after January 1, 2017, excluding those policies that are subject to principles-based reserving.

Effective July 1, 2017, Pruco Life amended this agreement to include 30% of Universal Protector policies having no-lapse guarantees as well as certain of its universal policies with effective dates prior to January 1, 2014.

PAR Term

Prior to July 1, 2019, the Company reinsures 95% of the risks under its term life insurance policies with effective dates January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2013, through an automatic coinsurance agreement with PAR Term. Effective July 1, 2019, the Company amended the coinsurance agreement to increase the percentage from 95% to 100% of the policy risk amount reinsured, which resulted in an initial transfer of $150 million in premiums and $115 million in expenses ceded with the difference being deferred and subsequently amortized through income.

Prudential of Taiwan

On January 31, 2001, Pruco Life transferred all of its assets and liabilities associated with its Taiwanese branch, including its Taiwanese insurance book of business, to Prudential of Taiwan, an affiliated company. The mechanism used to transfer this block of business in Taiwan is referred to as a “full acquisition and assumption” transaction. Under this mechanism, Pruco Life is jointly liable with Prudential of Taiwan for two years from the giving of notice to all obligees for all matured obligations and for two years after the maturity date of not-yet-matured obligations. Prudential of Taiwan is also contractually liable, under indemnification provisions of the transaction, for any liabilities that may be asserted against Pruco Life.

The transfer of the insurance related assets and liabilities was accounted for as a long-duration coinsurance transaction under U.S. GAAP. Under this accounting treatment, the insurance related liabilities remain on the books of Pruco Life and an offsetting reinsurance recoverable is established. These assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Term Re

The Company reinsures 95% of the risks under its term life insurance policies, with effective dates on or after January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2017, through an automatic coinsurance agreement with Term Re.  

Prudential Insurance

The Company has a yearly renewable term reinsurance agreement with Prudential Insurance and reinsures the majority of all mortality risks not otherwise reinsured. Effective July 1, 2017, this agreement has been terminated for certain new business, primarily Universal Life insurance policies. Effective July 1, 2017, the Company reinsures a portion of the mortality risk directly to third-party reinsurers and retains all of the non-reinsured portion of the mortality risk. Effective July 1, 2019, this agreement has been recaptured for certain term life insurance policies which are now reinsured to PARCC and PAR Term as noted above.

On January 2, 2013, Pruco Life began to assume GUL business from Prudential Insurance in connection with the acquisition of the Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. ("Hartford Financial"). The GUL business assumed from Prudential Insurance was subsequently retroceded to PAR U. In May 2018, Hartford Financial sold a group of operating subsidiaries, which includes two of Prudential Insurance's counterparties to these reinsurance arrangements. There is no impact to the terms, rights or obligations of Prudential Insurance, or operation of these reinsurance arrangements, as a result of this change in control of such counterparties. Similarly, there is no impact to the Company's reinsurance arrangements with respect to such GUL business as a result of this change in control.

The Company has reinsured a group annuity contract with Prudential Insurance, in consideration for a single premium payment by the Company, providing reinsurance equal to 100% of all payments due under the contract.

Effective April 1, 2016, PLNJ entered into a reinsurance agreement to reinsure its variable annuity base contracts, along with the living benefit guarantees to Prudential Insurance. This reinsurance agreement covers new and in force business.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

DART

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company entered into an automatic coinsurance agreement with DART to reinsure an amount equal to 95% of the risks associated with its term life insurance policies with effective dates on or after January 1, 2018.

Information regarding significant third-party reinsurance arrangements is described below.

Union Hamilton

Between April 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, the Company, excluding its subsidiaries, reinsured approximately 50% of the new business related to “highest daily” living benefits rider guarantees on HDI v.3.0 product, available with Prudential Premier® Retirement Variable Annuity, to Union Hamilton. This reinsurance remains in force for the duration of the underlying annuity contracts. New sales of HDI v.3.0 subsequent to December 31, 2016 are not covered by this external reinsurance agreement. As of September 30, 2019, $3.1 billion of HDI v.3.0 account values are reinsured to Union Hamilton.

7.    INCOME TAXES

The Company uses a full year projected effective tax rate approach to calculate year-to-date taxes. In addition, certain items impacting total income tax expense are recorded in the periods in which they occur. The projected effective tax rate is the ratio of projected "Income tax expense (benefit)" divided by projected "Income (loss) from operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venture." Taxes attributable to the operating joint venture are recorded within "Equity in earnings of operating joint venture, net of taxes." The interim period tax expense (or benefit) is the difference between the year-to-date income tax provision and the amounts reported for the previous interim periods of the fiscal year.

The Company's income tax provision, on a consolidated basis, amounted to an income tax benefit of $(57.8) million, or (46.48)% of income (loss) from operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint venture, in the first nine months of 2019, compared to $(18.5) million, or (37.60)%, in the first nine months of 2018. The Company's current and prior effective tax rates differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to non-taxable investment income and tax credits. In addition, the first nine months of 2018 includes a $0.2 million increase in income tax expense primarily related to refinement of the Company’s provisional estimates related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and unique items described below that were recorded in the periods in which they occurred.

2018 Industry Issue Resolution (IIR) - In August 2018, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released an IIR to provide guidance on the tax reserving for guaranteed benefits within variable annuity contracts and principle-based reserves on certain life insurance contracts. Adopting the IIR methodology resulted in an acceleration of taxable income for the Company’s 2017 tax return for which the tax expense was calculated at 35% and an increase in future tax deduction for the same amount to be realized at 21% netting to a $5 million increase to total tax expense for the first nine months of 2018.

Resolution of tax audit issues - During the third quarter of 2018, the Company reached an agreement with the IRS to resolve outstanding tax audit issues for tax years 2015 and 2016 and partially for 2017 which resulted in a $21 million increase to our income tax expense for the first nine months of 2018.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

8.    EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI represents the cumulative OCI items that are reported separate from net income and detailed on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The balance of and changes in each component of AOCI as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, are as follows:

	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment				Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)(1)				Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	(17,448	)		$	(10,848	)		$	(28,296	)
Change in OCI before reclassifications	5,980				453,784				459,764
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	0				(9,082		)		(9,082		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	87				(93,379		)		(93,292		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	(11,381	)		$	340,475			$	329,094

	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment				Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)(1)				Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	(234	)		$	165,580			$	165,346
Change in OCI before reclassifications	(12,379		)		(254,515		)		(266,894		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	0				(5,268		)		(5,268		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	2,599				54,557				57,156
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-01	0				(1,539		)		(1,539		)
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02	(50		)		30,499				30,449
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	(10,064	)		$	(10,686	)		$	(20,750	)

(1)	Includes cash flow hedges of $54 million and $(18) million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and $(8) million and $41 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(in thousands)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1)(2):
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Cash flow hedges - Currency/Interest rate(3)	$	(7,664	)		$	2,682			$	(11,663	)		$	10,443
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	27,418				(1,048		)		20,745				(5,175		)
Total net unrealized investment gains (losses)(4)	19,754				1,634				9,082				5,268
Total reclassifications for the period	$	19,754			$	1,634			$	9,082			$	5,268

(1)	All amounts are shown before tax.

(2)	Positive amounts indicate gains/benefits reclassified out of AOCI. Negative amounts indicate losses/costs reclassified out of AOCI.

(3)	See Note 4 for additional information on cash flow hedges.

(4)	See table below for additional information on unrealized investment gains (losses), including the impact on deferred policy acquisition and other costs, future policy benefits, policyholders’ account balances and other liabilities.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)

Net unrealized investment gains (losses) on securities classified as available-for-sale and certain other invested assets and other assets are included in the Company’s Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as a component of AOCI. Changes in these amounts include reclassification adjustments to exclude from OCI those items that are included as part of “Net income” for a period that had been part of OCI in earlier periods. The amounts for the periods indicated below, split between amounts related to fixed maturity securities on which an OTTI loss has been recognized, and all other net unrealized investment gains (losses), are as follows:

Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) on Fixed Maturity Securities on which an OTTI loss has been recognized

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments				Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Other Costs(2)				Future Policy Benefits, Policyholders' Account Balances and Other Liabilities(3)				Deferred Income Tax (Liability) Benefit				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related To Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	(689	)		$	(152	)		$	37			$	(192	)		$	(996	)
Net investment gains (losses) on investments arising during the period	1,997				0				0				(419		)		1,578
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	248				0				0				(52		)		196
Reclassification adjustment for OTTI (gains) losses excluded from net income(1)	(207		)		0				0				43				(164		)
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses on deferred policy acquisition costs and other costs	0				262				0				(55		)		207
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses on future policy benefits, policyholders' account balances and other liabilities	0				0				(278		)		58				(220		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	1,349			$	110			$	(241	)		$	(617	)		$	601

(1)	Represents "transfers in" related to the portion of OTTI losses recognized during the period that were not recognized in earnings for securities with no prior OTTI loss.

(2)	"Other costs" primarily includes reinsurance recoverables and deferred reinsurance losses.

(3)	"Other liabilities" primarily includes reinsurance payables.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

All Other Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in AOCI

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments(2)				Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Other Costs(3)				Future Policy Benefits, Policyholders' Account Balances and Other Liabilities(4)				Deferred Income Tax (Liability) Benefit				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related To Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	(16,632	)		$	(65,743	)		$	68,005			$	4,518			$	(9,852	)
Net investment gains (losses) on investments arising during the period	519,530				0				0				(109,092		)		410,438
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	(9,330		)		0				0				1,959				(7,371		)
Reclassification adjustment for OTTI (gains) losses excluded from net income(1)	207				0				0				(43		)		164
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses on deferred policy acquisition costs and other costs	0				388,750				0				(81,630		)		307,120
Impact of net unrealized investment (gains) losses on future policy benefits, policyholders' account balances and other liabilities	0				0				(456,477		)		95,852				(360,625		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	493,775			$	323,007			$	(388,472	)		$	(88,436	)		$	339,874

(1)	Represents "transfers out" related to the portion of OTTI losses recognized during the period that were not recognized in earnings for securities with no prior OTTI loss.

(2)	Includes cash flow hedges. See Note 4 for information on cash flow hedges.

(3)	"Other costs" primarily includes reinsurance recoverables and deferred reinsurance losses.

(4)	"Other liabilities" primarily includes reinsurance payables.

9.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has extensive transactions and relationships with Prudential Insurance and other affiliates. Although we seek to ensure that these transactions and relationships are fair and reasonable, it is possible that the terms of these transactions are not the same as those that would result from transactions among unrelated parties.

Expense Charges and Allocations

Many of the Company’s expenses are allocations or charges from Prudential Insurance or other affiliates. These expenses can be grouped into general and administrative expenses and agency distribution expenses.

The Company’s general and administrative expenses are charged to the Company using allocation methodologies based on business production processes. Management believes that the methodology is reasonable and reflects costs incurred by Prudential Insurance to process transactions on behalf of the Company. The Company operates under service and lease agreements whereby services of officers and employees, supplies, use of equipment and office space are provided by Prudential Insurance. The Company reviews its allocation methodology periodically which it may adjust accordingly. General and administrative expenses include allocations of stock compensation expenses related to a stock-based awards program and a deferred compensation program issued by Prudential Financial. The expense charged to the Company for the stock-based awards program was $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and $1 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The expense charged to the Company for the deferred compensation program was $1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $5 million and $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The Company is charged for its share of employee benefit expenses. These expenses include costs for funded and non-funded, non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. Some of these benefits are based on final earnings and length of service while others are based on an account balance, which takes into consideration age, service and earnings during a career. The Company’s share of net expense for the pension plans was $5 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $15 million and $17 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company is also charged for its share of the costs associated with welfare plans issued by Prudential Insurance. These expenses include costs related to medical, dental, life insurance and disability. The Company's share of net expense for the welfare plans was $6 million and $7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $18 million and $21 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Prudential Insurance sponsors voluntary savings plans for its employee 401(k) plans. The plans provide for salary reduction contributions by employees and matching contributions by the Company of up to 4% of annual salary. The Company’s expense for its share of the voluntary savings plan was $2 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $7 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

The Company is charged distribution expenses from Prudential Insurance’s agency network for both its domestic life and annuity products through a transfer pricing agreement, which is intended to reflect a market-based pricing arrangement.

The Company pays commissions and certain other fees to Prudential Annuities Distributors, Inc. (“PAD”) in consideration for PAD’s marketing and underwriting of the Company’s annuity products. Commissions and fees are paid by PAD to broker-dealers who sell the Company’s annuity products. Commissions and fees paid by the Company to PAD were $198 million and $191 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $574 million and $554 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company is charged for its share of corporate expenses incurred by Prudential Financial to benefit its businesses, such as advertising, executive oversight, external affairs and philanthropic activity.  The Company’s share of corporate expenses was $18 million and $17 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $56 million and $54 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Corporate-Owned Life Insurance

The Company has sold five Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (“COLI”) policies to Prudential Insurance, and one to Prudential Financial. The cash surrender value included in separate accounts for these COLI policies was $4,186 million at September 30, 2019 and $3,631 million at December 31, 2018. Fees related to these COLI policies were $12 million and $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $36 million and $34 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company retains the majority of the mortality risk associated with these COLI policies up to $3.5 million per individual policy.

Affiliated Investment Management Expenses

In accordance with an agreement with PGIM, Inc. ("PGIM"), the Company pays investment management expenses to PGIM who acts as investment manager to certain Company general account and separate account assets. Investment management expenses paid to PGIM related to this agreement were $3 million and for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $10 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. These expenses are recorded as “Net investment income” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Derivative Trades

In its ordinary course of business, the Company enters into OTC derivative contracts with an affiliate, PGF. For these OTC derivative contracts, PGF has a substantially equal and offsetting position with an external counterparty. See Note 4 for additional information.

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Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Joint Ventures

The Company has made investments in joint ventures with certain subsidiaries of Prudential Financial. "Other invested assets" includes $98 million and $88 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. "Net investment income" related to these ventures includes a gain of $0 million and $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8 million and $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Affiliated Asset Administration Fee Income

The Company has a revenue sharing agreement with AST Investment Services, Inc. ("ASTISI") and PGIM Investments LLC ("PGIM Investments") whereby the Company receives fee income based on policyholders' separate account balances invested in the Advanced Series Trust. Income received from ASTISI and PGIM Investments related to this agreement was $87 million and $85 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $252 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. These revenues are recorded as “Asset administration fees” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The Company has a revenue sharing agreement with PGIM Investments, whereby the Company receives fee income based on policyholders' separate account balances invested in The Prudential Series Fund. Income received from PGIM Investments related to this agreement was $3 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $8 million and $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These revenues are recorded as “Asset administration fees” in the Company's Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Affiliated Notes Receivable

Affiliated notes receivable included in “Receivables from parent and affiliates” at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	Maturity Dates				Interest Rates					September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
										(in thousands)
U.S. dollar floating rate notes	2028				3.83%	-	4.25	%		$	0			$	6,502
U.S. dollar fixed rate notes	2020	-	2027		0.00%	-	14.85	%		125,769				128,140
Total notes receivable - affiliated(1)										$	125,769			$	134,642

(1)	All notes receivable may be called for prepayment prior to the respective maturity dates under specified circumstances.

The affiliated notes receivable shown above are classified as available-for-sale securities and other trading assets carried at fair value. The Company monitors the internal and external credit ratings of these loans and loan performance. The Company also considers any guarantees made by Prudential Insurance for loans due from affiliates.

Accrued interest receivable related to these loans was $1 million at both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and is included in “Other assets”. Revenues related to these assets were $1 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $3 million and $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in “Other income”.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

Affiliated Asset Transfers

The Company participates in affiliated asset trades with parent and sister companies. Book and market value differences for trades with a parent and sister are recognized within "Additional paid-in capital" (“APIC”) and "Realized investment gains (losses), net", respectively. The table below shows affiliated asset trades for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Affiliate		Date		Transaction		Security Type		Fair Value				Book Value				APIC, Net of Tax Increase/(Decrease)				Realized Investment Gain (Loss)
								(in thousands)
DART		January 2018		Purchase		Other Invested Assets		$	21,457			$	21,457			$	0			$	0
PALAC		April 2018		Purchase		Fixed Maturities		$	64,313			$	64,313			$	0			$	0
GUL Re		May 2018		Purchase		Fixed Maturities		$	87,486			$	87,486			$	0			$	0
GUL Re		May 2018		Purchase		Fixed Maturities		$	37,921			$	37,921			$	0			$	0
Prudential Realty Securities, Inc.		November 2018		Purchase		Commercial Mortgages		$	3,259			$	3,425			$	0			$	(167	)
Prudential Insurance		February 2019		Sale		Commercial Mortgages		$	4,995			$	5,000			$	(4	)		$	0
PALAC		April 2019		Sale		Equity Securities		$	14,525			$	13,466			$	0			$	1,059
Term Re		September 2019		Sale		Fixed Maturities		$	9,178			$	8,135			$	0			$	1,043
PURC		September 2019		Sale		Fixed Maturities		$	8,399			$	7,455			$	0			$	944
PAR U		September 2019		Sale		Fixed Maturities		$	31,466			$	28,146			$	0			$	3,320
Prudential Insurance		September 2019		Sale		Fixed Maturities		$	10,702			$	9,254			$	1,144			$	0

 

Debt Agreements

The Company is authorized to borrow funds up to $2.2 billion from affiliates to meet its capital and other funding needs. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was no debt outstanding.

The total interest expense to the Company related to loans payable to affiliates was $0.9 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1.7 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Contributed Capital and Dividends

Through September of 2019, the Company did not receive any capital contributions. In March of 2018, the Company received a capital contribution in the amount of $6 million from Prudential Insurance.

Through September of 2019 and December of 2018, the Company did not pay any dividends to Prudential Insurance.

Reinsurance with Affiliates

As discussed in Note 6, the Company participates in reinsurance transactions with certain affiliates.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

10.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Commitments

The Company has made commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the outstanding balances on these commitments were $28 million and $14 million, respectively. The Company also made commitments to purchase or fund investments, mostly private fixed maturities. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $259 million and $257 million, respectively, of these commitments were outstanding.

Guarantees

In July 2017, the Company formed a joint venture with CT Corp to provide life insurance solutions in Indonesia. The Company owns a 49% interest in the joint venture and has entered into a shareholders agreement with CT Corp that sets out their respective rights and obligations with respect to the joint venture. Among other things, the shareholders agreement obligates the Company and CT Corp to provide capital to the joint venture, as necessary to comply with applicable law or to maintain a specified minimum amount of capital in the joint venture. This obligation is not limited to a maximum amount. The Company does not expect to make any payments on this guarantee and is not carrying any liabilities associated with the guarantee.

Contingent Liabilities

On an ongoing basis, the Company and its regulators review its operations including, but not limited to, sales and other customer interface procedures and practices, and procedures for meeting obligations to our customers and other parties. These reviews may result in the modification or enhancement of processes or the imposition of other action plans, including concerning management oversight, sales and other customer interface procedures and practices, and the timing or computation of payments to customers and other parties. In certain cases, if appropriate, the Company may offer customers or other parties remediation and may incur charges, including the cost of such remediation, administrative costs and regulatory fines.

The Company is subject to the laws and regulations of states and other jurisdictions concerning the identification, reporting and escheatment of unclaimed or abandoned funds, and is subject to audit and examination for compliance with these requirements.

It is possible that the results of operations or the cash flows of the Company in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected as a result of payments in connection with the matters discussed above or other matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flows for such period. Management believes, however, that ultimate payments in connection with these matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

The Company is subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of its business. Pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings specific to the Company and proceedings generally applicable to business practices in the industry in which it operates. The Company is subject to class action lawsuits and other litigation involving a variety of issues and allegations involving sales practices, claims payments and procedures, premium charges, policy servicing and breach of fiduciary duty to customers. The Company is also subject to litigation arising out of its general business activities, such as its investments, contracts, leases and labor and employment relationships, including claims of discrimination and harassment, and could be exposed to claims or litigation concerning certain business or process patents. In addition, the Company, along with other participants in the businesses in which it engages, may be subject from time to time to investigations, examinations and inquiries, in some cases industry-wide, concerning issues or matters upon which such regulators have determined to focus. In some of the Company’s pending legal and regulatory actions, parties are seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. The outcome of litigation or a regulatory matter, and the amount or range of potential loss at any particular time, is often inherently uncertain.

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PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY    

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

The Company establishes accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. For litigation and regulatory matters where a loss may be reasonably possible, but not probable, or is probable but not reasonably estimable, no accrual is established, but the matter, if material, is disclosed. The Company estimates that as of September 30, 2019, the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of accruals established for those litigation and regulatory matters for which such an estimate currently can be made is less than $100 million. This estimate is not an indication of expected loss, if any, or the Company's maximum possible loss exposure on such matters. The Company reviews relevant information with respect to its litigation and regulatory matters on a quarterly and annual basis and updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible loss based on such reviews.

The following discussion of litigation and regulatory matters provides an update of those matters discussed in Note 14 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and should be read in conjunction with the complete descriptions provided in the Form 10-K.

Behfarin v. Pruco Life

In October 2019, plaintiff filed: (1) the First Amended Complaint adding Prudential Insurance Company of America and Pruco Life Insurance Company of New Jersey as defendants; and (2) a motion seeking preliminary certification of a settlement class, appointment of a class representative and class counsel, and preliminary approval of the proposed class action settlement.

Securities Lending and Foreign Tax Reclaim Matter

In 2016, Prudential Financial self-reported to the SEC and the U.S. Department of Labor ("DOL"), and notified other regulators, that in some cases it failed to maximize securities lending income for the benefit of certain separate account investments due to a long-standing restriction benefiting Prudential Financial that limited the availability of loanable securities. Prudential Financial has removed the restriction and implemented a remediation plan for the benefit of customers. As part of Prudential Financial’s review of this matter, in 2018 it further self-reported to the SEC, and notified other regulators, that in some cases it failed to timely process foreign tax reclaims for the separate account investments. Prudential Financial has corrected the foreign tax reclaim process and has implemented a remediation plan for the benefit of customers.

The DOL’s review of the securities lending matter is closed. In September 2019, Prudential Financial reached a settlement of these matters with the SEC. As part of the settlement Prudential Financial agreed to pay a fine of $5 million and disgorgement of $27.6 million, and consented to the entry of an Administrative Order containing findings that two of its subsidiaries violated certain sections of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act Rules and ordering the subsidiaries to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of those provisions. In reaching this settlement, Prudential Financial neither admitted nor denied the SEC’s findings.

Summary

The Company’s litigation and regulatory matters are subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity and scope, their outcome cannot be predicted. It is possible that the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending litigation and regulatory matters depending, in part, upon the results of operations or cash flows for such period. In light of the unpredictability of the Company’s litigation and regulatory matters, it is also possible that in certain cases an ultimate unfavorable resolution of one or more pending litigation or regulatory matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position. Management believes, however, that, based on information currently known to it, the ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) addresses the consolidated financial condition of Pruco Life Insurance Company, or the “Company,” as of September 30, 2019, compared with December 31, 2018, and its consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. You should read the following analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the MD&A, the “Risk Factors” section, and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as well as the statements under “Forward-Looking Statements” and the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

The Company sells variable and fixed annuities, universal life insurance, variable life insurance and term life insurance primarily through affiliated and unaffiliated distributors in the United States.

In July 2017, the Company formed a joint venture with CT Corp to provide life insurance solutions in Indonesia. CT Corp controls one of Indonesia’s largest and most prominent business groups with primary areas of focus in the financial services, media, retail, property, lifestyle and entertainment sectors. The joint venture, in which the Company owns a 49% interest, uses a multi-product and multi-channel distribution approach and leverages CT Corp’s existing businesses and strategic partnerships to offer insurance products to customers. While this transaction is expected to provide long-term growth potential, it is not currently significant to the operating results of the Company.

Regulatory Developments

SEC Best Interest Regulation

In June 2019, the SEC adopted a package of rulemakings and interpretative guidance that, among other things, requires broker-dealers to act in the best interest of retail customers when recommending securities transactions or investment strategies to them. The guidance also clarifies the SEC’s views of the fiduciary duty that investment advisers owe to their clients. The new best interest standards will become effective on June 30, 2020. We are evaluating the impacts of the new standards and have begun to implement them. We believe that the new standards will apply to recommendations to purchase certain of our products, and will result in increased compliance costs, in particular in our Prudential Advisors distribution system.

SECURE Act

In May 2019, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Setting Every Community up for Retirement Enhancement (“SECURE”) Act. If enacted into law in its current form, the SECURE Act would help promote retirement plan coverage by expanding access to and use of Multiple Employer Plans; facilitate access to lifetime income disclosures for plan participants to better understand how their retirement savings translate into monthly lifetime income in retirement; improve upon the current annuity selection safe harbor; and provide lifetime income portability. We cannot predict whether the SECURE Act will ultimately be adopted, or its impact on our business.

For additional information on the potential impacts of regulation on the Company see “Business—Regulation” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Impact of a Low Interest Rate Environment

As a global financial services company, market interest rates are a key driver of our results of operations and financial condition. Changes in interest rates can affect our results of operations and/or our financial condition in several ways, including favorable or adverse impacts to:

• investment-related activity, including: investment income returns, net interest margins, net investment spread results,

new money rates, mortgage loan prepayments and bond redemptions;

• insurance reserve levels, market experience true-ups and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”)

• customer account values, including their impact on fee income;

• product offerings, design features, crediting rates and sales mix; and

• policyholder behavior, including surrender or withdrawal activity.

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Interest rates in the U.S. have experienced a period of historically low levels in large part due to Federal Reserve efforts to assist with the economic recovery subsequent to the financial crisis of 2008. While market conditions and events make uncertain the timing, amount and impact of any monetary policy decisions by the Federal Reserve, changes in interest rates may impact our reinvestment yields, primarily for our investments in fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans. As interest rates rise, our reinvestment yield may exceed the overall portfolio yield resulting in a favorable impact to earnings. Conversely, if interest rates were to decline, our reinvestment yield may be below our overall portfolio yield, resulting in an unfavorable impact to earnings.

For more information on interest rate risks, see “Risk Factors—Market Risk” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Revenues and Expenses

The Company earns revenues principally from insurance premiums, mortality and expense fees, asset administration fees from insurance and investment products, and from net investment income on the investment of general account and other funds. The Company receives premiums primarily from the sale of individual life insurance and annuity products. The Company earns mortality and expense fees, and asset administration fees, primarily from the sale and servicing of universal life insurance and separate account products including variable life insurance and variable annuities. The Company’s operating expenses principally consist of insurance benefits provided and reserves established for anticipated future insurance benefits, general business expenses, reinsurance premiums, commissions and other costs of selling and servicing the various products sold and interest credited on general account liabilities.

Profitability

The Company’s profitability depends principally on its ability to price our insurance and annuity products at a level that enables us to earn a margin over the costs associated with providing benefits and administering those products. Profitability also depends on, among other items, our actuarial and policyholder behavior experience on insurance and annuity products, our ability to attract and retain customer assets, generate and maintain favorable investment results, and manage expenses.

See “Risk Factors” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a discussion of risks that have materially affected and may affect in the future the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition, or cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company.

Accounting Policies & Pronouncements

Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements on an ongoing basis. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, the Company’s results of operations and financial position as reported in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements could change significantly.

Management believes the accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments:

•	DAC and other costs, including deferred sales inducements (“DSI”);

•	Policyholder liabilities;

•	Valuation of investments, including derivatives, and the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI");

•	Reinsurance recoverables;

•	Taxes on income; and

•	Reserves for contingencies, including reserves for losses in connection with unresolved legal matters.

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Market Performance - Equity and Interest Assumptions

DAC and other costs associated with the variable and universal life policies and the variable and fixed annuity contracts are generally amortized over the expected lives of these policies in proportion to total gross profits. Total gross profits include both actual gross profits and estimates of gross profits for future periods. The quarterly adjustments for market performance reflect the impact of changes to our estimate of total gross profits to reflect actual fund performance and market conditions. A significant portion of gross profits for our variable annuity contracts and, to a lesser degree, our variable life policies are dependent upon the total rate of return on assets held in separate account investment options. This rate of return influences the fees we earn, costs we incur associated with the guaranteed minimum death and guaranteed minimum income benefit features related to our variable annuity contracts, as well as other sources of profit. Returns that are higher than our expectations for a given period produce higher than expected account balances, which increase the future fees we expect to earn and decrease the future costs we expect to incur associated with the guaranteed minimum death and guaranteed minimum income benefit features related to our variable annuity contracts. The opposite occurs when returns are lower than our expectations. The changes in future expected gross profits are used to recognize a cumulative adjustment to all prior periods’ amortization.

Furthermore, the calculation of the estimated liability for future policy benefits related to certain insurance products includes an estimate of associated revenues and expenses that are dependent on both historical market performance as well as estimates of market performance in the future. Similar to DAC and other costs described above, these liabilities are subject to quarterly adjustments for experience including market performance, in addition to annual adjustments resulting from our annual reviews of assumptions.

The weighted average rate of return assumptions used in developing estimated market returns consider many factors specific to each business, including asset durations, asset allocations and other factors. With regard to equity market assumptions, the near-term future rate of return assumption used in evaluating DAC, other costs and liabilities for future policy benefits for certain of our products, primarily domestic variable annuity and variable life insurance products, is generally updated each quarter and is derived using a reversion to the mean approach, a common industry practice. Under this approach, we consider historical equity returns and adjust projected equity returns over an initial future period of five years (the “near-term”) so that equity returns converge to the long-term expected rate of return. If the near-term projected future rate of return is greater than our near-term maximum future rate of return of 15.0%, we use our maximum future rate of return. As of September 30, 2019, our variable annuities and variable life insurance businesses assume an 8.0% long-term equity expected rate of return and a 4.6% near-term mean reversion equity expected rate of return.

With regard to interest rate assumptions used in evaluating DAC, DSI and liabilities for future policy benefits for certain of our products, we generally update the long-term and near-term future rates used to project fixed income returns annually and quarterly, respectively. As a result of our 2019 annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, we kept our long-term expectation of the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate unchanged and continue to grade to a rate of 3.75% over ten years. As part of our quarterly market experience updates, we update our near-term projections of interest rates to reflect changes in current rates.

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, was issued by the FASB on August 15, 2018 and is expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In October 2019, the FASB affirmed its decision to defer the effective date of the ASU to January 1, 2022 (with early adoption permitted), representing a one year extension from the original effective date of January 1, 2021. See Note 2 to our Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion of ASU 2018-12, as well as other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted and newly adopted accounting pronouncements.

Changes in Financial Position

Total assets increased $23.5 billion, from $164.7 billion at December 31, 2018 to $188.2 billion at September 30, 2019. Significant components were:

•	Separate account assets increased $14.1 billion, primarily driven by favorable market performance partially offset by net outflows and policy charges;

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•

Reinsurance recoverables increased $8.2 billion, primarily driven by an increase in the variable annuity reinsured living benefit liabilities resulting from an increase in future expected benefit payments driven by declining interest rates partially offset by favorable equity markets, as well as continued universal and term life business growth and a favorable impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements; and

•	Total investments and Cash and cash equivalents increased $0.9 billion primarily driven by universal, term and variable life business growth and unrealized investment gains due to declining interest rates.

Total liabilities increased $23.0 billion, from $161.9 billion at December 31, 2018 to $184.9 billion at September 30, 2019. Significant components were:

•	Separate account liabilities increased $14.1 billion, corresponding to the increase in separate account assets described above; and

•	Future policy benefits increased $8.3 billion, primarily driven by an increase in the variable annuity living benefit liabilities, as well as growth in term and universal life business, as discussed above, the impact of unrealized gains on guaranteed minimum death benefits reserves and an unfavorable impact from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements.

Total equity increased $0.6 billion, from $2.7 billion at December 31, 2018 to $3.3 billion at September 30, 2019, primarily driven by unrealized investment gains due to declining interest rates and by net income.

Results of Operations

Income (loss) from Operations before Income Taxes

Three Months Comparison

Income (loss) from operations before income taxes increased $22 million from $17 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $39 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily driven by Total realized investment gains / (losses), net reflecting higher gains from investment dispositions and derivative gains as a result of declining interest rates and higher commission and expense allowance ceded in the annuities business partially offset by higher Policyholders' benefits, Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances and amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs, as discussed below.

Nine Months Comparison

Income (loss) from operations before income taxes increased $75 million from $49 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $124 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, which includes an unfavorable comparative net impact of $33 million from our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements. Excluding this item, income (loss) from operations before income taxes increased $108 million, primarily driven by higher Policy charges and fee income as a result of business growth and higher profits on principle-based reserving ("PBR") products that are retained in the Company and not reinsured to our affiliated captive reinsurance companies as well as higher Net investment income primarily driven by business growth and higher income on non-coupon investments. Also contributing to the increase in pre-tax income is a favorable impact from commission and expense allowance ceded and deferred reinsurance activity in the annuities business. Partially offsetting these increases is higher Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances, as discussed below. For more information on PBR products, please see the "Term and Universal Life Reserve Financing" section within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section below.

Revenues, Benefits and Expenses

Three Months Comparison

Revenues increased $90 million from $183 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $273 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily driven by Total realized investment gains / (losses), net of $89 million reflecting higher gains from investment dispositions and derivative gains as a result of declining interest rates, higher Net investment income of $9 million driven by business growth and higher income on non-coupon investments. Partially offsetting these increases is lower premiums of $12 million as a result of a reinsurance transaction to coinsure the remaining term life business related to two affiliated captives. For more information regarding the affiliated reinsurance transaction, please refer to Note 6 within the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Benefits and expenses increased $68 million from $167 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $235 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily driven by an unfavorable impact to Policyholders' benefits of $36 million primarily reflecting business growth and an increase in guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB") reserves, higher Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances of $35 million driven by business growth, and higher amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs of $16 million primarily driven by the impact from new business. Partially offsetting these increases is lower General, administrative and other expenses of $19 million driven by favorable commission and expense allowance ceded, as discussed above.

Nine Months Comparison

Revenues increased $109 million from $620 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $729 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues increased $161 million driven by Total realized investment gains / (losses), net of $68 million reflecting higher gains from investment dispositions and derivative gains as a result of declining interest rates, higher Policy charges and fee income of $51 million, as a result of business growth and higher profits on PBR products and higher Net investment income of $48 million driven by business growth and higher income on non-coupon investments.

Benefits and expenses increased $34 million from $571 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $605 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, benefits and expenses increased $53 million resulting from higher Interest credited to policyholders’ account balances of $46 million as a result of business growth and an unfavorable impact to Policyholders' benefits of $26 million primarily reflecting business growth and an increase in GMDB reserves. Partially offsetting these increases is a decrease in General, administrative, and other expenses of $33 million primarily driven by favorable impacts from commission and expense allowance ceded and deferred reinsurance activity in the annuities business, as discussed above.

Variable Annuity Risks and Risk Mitigants

The following is a summary of: (i) certain risks associated with individual annuity products and (ii) certain strategies in mitigating those risks, including any updates to those strategies since the previous year end. For a more detailed description of these items and their related accounting treatment, refer to the complete descriptions provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The primary risk exposures of our variable annuity contracts relate to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including capital markets assumptions such as equity market returns, interest rates and market volatility, along with actuarial assumptions such as contractholder mortality, the timing and amount of annuitization and withdrawals, and contract lapses. For these risk exposures, achievement of our expected earnings and profitability is subject to the risk that actual experience will differ from the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products. Prudential Financial currently manages our exposure to certain risks driven by capital markets fluctuations primarily through a combination of Product Design Features, an Asset Liability Management ("ALM") Strategy and External Reinsurance.

Product Design Features

A portion of the variable annuity contracts that we offer include an asset transfer feature. This feature is implemented at the contract level, and transfers assets between certain variable investment sub-accounts selected by the annuity contractholder and, depending on the benefit feature, a fixed-rate account in the general account or a bond fund sub-account within the separate account. The objective of the asset transfer feature is to reduce our exposure to equity market risk and market volatility. The asset transfer feature associated with currently-sold highest daily living benefit products uses a designated bond fund sub-account within the separate account. The transfers are based on a static mathematical formula used with the particular benefit which considers a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the impact of investment performance on the contractholder’s total account value. Other product design features we utilize include, among others, asset allocation restrictions, minimum issuance age requirements and certain limitations on the amount of contractholder deposits, as well as a required minimum allocation to our general account for certain of our products. We have also introduced products that diversify our risk profile and have incorporated provisions in product design allowing frequent revisions of key pricing elements for certain products. In addition, there is diversity in our fee arrangements, as certain fees are primarily based on the benefit guarantee amount, the contractholder account value and/or premiums, which helps preserve certain revenue streams when market fluctuations cause account values to decline.

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External Reinsurance

As of September 30, 2019, the living benefit guarantees associated with $3.1 billion of HDI v3.0 account values are reinsured to Union Hamilton Reinsurance Ltd., an external counterparty, pursuant to a quota share agreement that covered approximately 50% of new business between April 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. HDI v3.0 is the current version of our “highest daily” living benefits guarantee that is available with our Prudential Premier® Retirement Variable Annuity. New sales of HDI v3.0 subsequent to December 31, 2016 are not covered by this external reinsurance agreement.

Asset Liability Management Strategy (including fixed income instruments and derivatives)

The current ALM strategy conducted within PALAC and Prudential Insurance utilizes a combination of both traditional fixed income instruments and derivatives to defray potential claims associated with our variable annuity living benefit guarantees. The economic liability we manage with this ALM strategy consists of expected living benefit claims under less severe market conditions, which are managed using a traditional ALM strategy through the accumulation of fixed income and derivative instruments, and potential living benefit claims resulting from more severe market conditions, which are hedged using derivative instruments. For the portion of our ALM strategy executed with derivatives, PALAC and Prudential Insurance enter into a range of exchange-traded, cleared, and over-the-counter equity and interest rate derivatives, including, but not limited to: equity and treasury futures; total return and interest rate swaps; and options including equity options, swaptions, and floors and caps. Since the ALM strategy is conducted in PALAC and Prudential Insurance, the results of the strategy do not directly impact the Company's results of operations or financial condition.

Capital Hedge Program

We employ a capital hedge program within PALAC to further hedge equity market impacts. The program is intended to protect a portion of the overall capital position of the variable annuities business against its exposure to the equity markets. The capital hedge program is conducted using equity derivatives which include equity call and put options, total return swaps and futures contracts. Since the capital hedge program is conducted in PALAC, the results of the strategy do not directly impact the Company's results of operations or financial condition.

Income Taxes

    

For information regarding income taxes, see Note 7 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

This section supplements and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Overview

Liquidity refers to the ability to generate sufficient cash resources to meet the payment obligations of the Company. Capital refers to the long-term financial resources available to support the operations of our business, fund business growth, and provide a cushion to withstand adverse circumstances. Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of our business, general economic conditions, our ability to borrow from affiliates and our access to the capital markets through affiliates as described herein.

Effective and prudent liquidity and capital management is a priority across the organization. Management monitors the liquidity of Prudential Financial, Prudential Insurance and the Company on a daily basis and projects borrowing and capital needs over a multi-year time horizon through our periodic planning process. We believe that cash flows from the sources of funds available to us are sufficient to satisfy the current liquidity requirements of Prudential Insurance, Prudential Financial and the Company, including under reasonably foreseeable stress scenarios. Prudential Financial has a capital management framework in place that governs the allocation of capital and approval of capital uses.

Our businesses are subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision by domestic and international regulators. These regulations currently include, or may include in the future requirements and limitations (many of which are the subject of ongoing rule-making) relating to capital, leverage, liquidity, stress-testing, overall risk management, credit exposure reporting and credit concentration. For information on these regulatory initiatives and their potential impact on us, see "Business—Regulation” and “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Capital

Our capital management framework is primarily based on statutory Risk-Based Capital ("RBC") measures. The RBC ratios are a primary measure of the capital adequacy of the Company. RBC is calculated based on statutory financial statements and risk formulas consistent with the practices of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"). RBC considers, among other things, risks related to the type and quality of the invested assets, insurance-related risks associated with an insurer’s products and liabilities, interest rate risks and general business risks. RBC ratio calculations are intended to assist insurance regulators in measuring an insurer’s solvency and ability to pay future claims. The reporting of RBC measures is not intended for the purpose of ranking any insurance company or for use in connection with any marketing, advertising or promotional activities, but is available to the public. The Company’s capital levels substantially exceed the minimum level required by applicable insurance regulations. Our regulatory capital levels may be affected in the future by changes to the applicable regulations, proposals for which are currently under consideration by both domestic and international insurance regulators.

The regulatory capital level of the Company can be materially impacted by interest rate and equity market fluctuations, changes in the values of derivatives, the level of impairments recorded, and credit quality migration of the investment portfolio, among other items. In addition, the reinsurance of business or the recapture of business subject to reinsurance arrangements due to defaults by, or credit quality migration affecting, the reinsurers or for other reasons could negatively impact regulatory capital levels. The Company’s regulatory capital level is also affected by statutory accounting rules, which are subject to change by each applicable insurance regulator.

Risk Appetite Framework

Prudential Financial manages capital consistent with our Risk Appetite Framework (“RAF”) to determine the amount of capital

it needs to hold given its risk profile. The RAF is designed to ensure that all risks taken across the enterprise align with our capacity and willingness to take those risks. It allows for a cohesive assessment of risk and available resources and supports management’s decision-making. The RAF is supported by our comprehensive stress testing framework to provide a dynamic assessment of stress impacts and the resources available to absorb those impacts under stress scenarios. It incorporates the objectives of what we previously referred to as our Capital Protection Framework.

Affiliated Captive Reinsurance Companies

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital—Affiliated Captive Reinsurance Companies” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, for a discussion of our use of captive reinsurance companies.

Liquidity

Our liquidity is managed to ensure stable, reliable and cost-effective sources of cash flows to meet all of our obligations. Liquidity is provided by a variety of sources, as described more fully below, including portfolios of liquid assets. Our investment portfolios are integral to the overall liquidity of the Company. We use a projection process for cash flows from operations to ensure sufficient liquidity to meet projected cash outflows, including claims. The impact of Prudential Funding, LLC ("Prudential Funding"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Insurance, financing capacity on liquidity is considered in the internal liquidity measures of the Company.

Liquidity is measured against internally-developed benchmarks that take into account the characteristics of both the asset portfolio and the liabilities that they support. We consider attributes of the various categories of liquid assets (for example, type of asset and credit quality) in calculating internal liquidity measures to evaluate our liquidity under various stress scenarios, including company-specific and market-wide events. We continue to believe that cash generated by ongoing operations and the liquidity profile of our assets provide sufficient liquidity under reasonably foreseeable stress scenarios.

Cash Flow

The principal sources of the Company’s liquidity are premiums and certain annuity considerations, investment and fee income, investment maturities, sales of investments and internal borrowings. The principal uses of that liquidity include benefits, claims, and payments to policyholders and contractholders in connection with surrenders, withdrawals and net policy loan activity. Other uses of liquidity include commissions, general and administrative expenses, purchases of investments, the payment of dividends and return of capital to the parent company, hedging and reinsurance activity and payments in connection with financing activities.

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Liquid Assets

Liquid assets include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, U.S. Treasury fixed maturities, and fixed maturities that are not designated as held-to-maturity and public equity securities. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company had liquid assets of $6,480 million and $5,695 million, respectively. The portion of liquid assets comprised of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments was $549 million and $417 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, $5,509 million, or 94%, of the fixed maturity investments in the Company's general account portfolios, were rated high or highest quality based on NAIC or equivalent rating.

Term and Universal Life Reserve Financing

The Company uses affiliated captive reinsurance companies to finance the portion of the statutory reserves required to be held under Regulation XXX and Guideline AXXX that is considered to be non-economic. The financing arrangements involve the reinsurance of term and universal life business to our affiliated captive reinsurers and the issuance of surplus notes by those affiliated captives that are treated as capital for statutory purposes. These surplus notes are subordinated to policyholder obligations, and the payment of principal and interest on the surplus notes can only be made with prior insurance regulatory approval.

As of September 30, 2019, the affiliated captive reinsurance companies have entered into agreements with external counterparties providing for the issuance of up to an aggregate of $13.7 billion of surplus notes by our affiliated captive reinsurers in return for the receipt of credit-linked notes (“Credit-Linked Note Structures”), of which $11.6 billion of surplus notes was outstanding as of September 30, 2019. Under the agreements, the affiliated captive receives in exchange for the surplus notes one or more credit-linked notes issued by a special-purpose affiliate of the Company with an aggregate principal amount equal to the surplus notes outstanding. The affiliated captive holds the credit-linked notes as assets supporting Regulation XXX or Guideline AXXX non-economic reserves, as applicable. For more information on the Credit-Linked Note Structures, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Financing Activities” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

As of September 30, 2019, our affiliated captive reinsurance companies had outstanding an aggregate of $2.4 billion of debt issued for the purpose of financing Regulation XXX and Guideline AXXX non-economic reserves, of which approximately $0.7 billion relates to Regulation XXX reserves and approximately $1.7 billion relates to Guideline AXXX reserves. In addition, as of September 30, 2019, for purposes of financing Guideline AXXX reserves, our affiliated captives had outstanding approximately $4.0 billion of surplus notes that were issued to affiliates.

The Company has introduced updated versions of its individual life insurance products in conjunction with the requirement to adopt principle-based reserving by January 1, 2020.  These updated products are currently priced to support the principle-based statutory reserve level without the need for reserve financing.  Certain elements of the implementation of principle-based reserving are yet to be finalized by the NAIC and may have a material impact on statutory reserves.  The Company continues to assess the impact of the implementation of principle-based reserving on projected statutory reserve levels, product pricing and the use of financing.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of fluctuations in the value of financial instruments as a result of absolute or relative changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. To varying degrees, our products and services, and the investment activities supporting them, generate exposure to market risk. The market risk incurred, and our strategies for managing this risk, vary by product. As of September 30, 2019, there have been no material changes in our economic exposure to market risk from December 31, 2018, a description of which may be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” filed with the SEC. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, for a discussion of how difficult conditions in the financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business and results of our operations.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

In order to ensure that the information we must disclose in our filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported on a timely basis, the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) Rule 13a-15(e), as of September 30, 2019. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. No change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

See Note 10 to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements under “—Litigation and Regulatory Matters” for a description of certain pending litigation and regulatory matters affecting us, and certain risks to our business presented by such matters, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition or cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected or those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company. These risks are not exclusive, and additional risks to which we are subject include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” above and the risks of our business described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

31.1 Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

31.2 Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

32.1 Section 906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

32.2 Section 906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

101.INS - XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF - XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

104.Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pruco Life Insurance Company
By:		/s/    John Chieffo
Name:		John Chieffo
		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Authorized Signatory and Principal Financial Officer)

Date: November 13, 2019

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