UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended
OR
For the transition period from __________ to __________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
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area code:
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class: | Trading Symbol: | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered: | ||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of May 14, 2025,
Table of Contents
PAGE | ||||
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1. | Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements | 1 | ||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25 | ||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 37 | ||
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 37 | ||
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39 | ||
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39 | ||
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities | 39 | ||
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 39 | ||
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 39 | ||
Item 5. | Other Information | 39 | ||
Item 6. | Exhibits | 40 | ||
SIGNATURES | 41 |
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements
FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2025 | 2024 | |||||||
ASSETS | (Unaudited) | |||||||
Current assets | ||||||||
Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
Total current assets | ||||||||
Other assets | ||||||||
Marketable securities held in trust account | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
LIABILITIES, COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
Current liabilities | ||||||||
Accrued offering costs | $ | $ | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
Due to related party | ||||||||
Convertible note - related party | ||||||||
Promissory note - related party | ||||||||
Deferred credit - operating expenses funded by Xiaoyu Dida | ||||||||
Excise tax liability | ||||||||
Income taxes payable | ||||||||
Total current liabilities | ||||||||
Deferred underwriting fee payable | ||||||||
Total liabilities | ||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6) | ||||||||
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, $ | ||||||||
Stockholders’ deficit | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
Class A common stock, $ | ||||||||
Class B common stock, $ | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Total liabilities, common stock subject to possible redemption, and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
1
FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
2025 | 2024 | |||||||
Formation and operating costs | $ | $ | ||||||
Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Other income: | ||||||||
Dividend and interest income | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | ||||||||
Income tax provision | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | ||||||||
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share, Class A common stock subject to possible redemption (see Note 2) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A common stock | ||||||||
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share, Class A Common Stock (see Note 2) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class B common stock | ||||||||
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share, Class B common stock (see Note 2) | $ | ( | ) | $ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
2
FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE
REDEMPTION AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 AND 2024
(Unaudited)
Common Stock Subject to Possible | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption | Common Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | Class A | Class B | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Deficit | Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance - December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock to redemption value due to dividend and interest income earned | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock to redemption value due to extension payment | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance - March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) |
Common Stock Subject to Possible | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption | Common Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A | Class A | Class B | Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Deficit | Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance - December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock to redemption value | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock to redemption value due to dividend and interest income earned | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock to redemption value due to extension payment | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance - March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
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FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended March 31, | ||||||||
2025 | 2024 | |||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities | ||||||||
Dividend and interest income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Changes in current assets and liabilities | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
Due to related party | ||||||||
Income taxes payable | ||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||
Extension payments deposited into Trust Account | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from convertible note - related party | ||||||||
Proceeds from promissory note - related party | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
Net change in cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Cash - beginning of the period | ||||||||
Cash - end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
Accretion of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | $ | $ | ||||||
Operating expenses paid by Xiaoyu Dida | $ | $ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
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FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Nature of Operations
Four Leaf Acquisition Corporation (the “Company”) is a blank check company that was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 3, 2022 and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
On December 17, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Xiaoyu Dida Interconnect International Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Xiaoyu Dida”), commonly known as Smart Station.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from March 3, 2022 (inception) through March 31, 2025, relates to the Company’s formation and the initial public offering (“IPO”) (as described below), as well as activities necessary to identify a potential target and prepare for a business combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial business combination. The Company generates non-operating income in the form of dividend and interest income from the proceeds derived from the IPO.
The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end. The Company’s sponsor is ALWA Sponsor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”).
The registration
statement for the Company’s IPO was declared effective on March 16, 2023. On March 16, 2023, the Company consummated its IPO of
Simultaneously
with the consummation of the IPO and the sale of the Units, the Company consummated the private placement (“Private Placement”)
of
Transaction
costs amounted to $
In conjunction
with the IPO, the Company issued to the underwriter
Following
the closing of the IPO, an amount of $
5
The Company’s
management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the IPO and the Private Placement Warrants,
although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a business combination. There
is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a business combination successfully. The Company must complete one or more initial
business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least
In connection with any proposed initial business combination, the Company will either: (1) seek stockholder approval of such initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination or do not vote at all, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), or (2) provide its stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to the Company by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described herein.
If the Company engages in a tender offer, such tender offer will be structured so that each stockholder may tender all of his, her or its shares rather than a pro rata portion of his, her or its shares. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in the Company’s discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require the Company to seek stockholder approval. If the Company determines to allow stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in a tender offer, it will file tender offer documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules.
The Company
will proceed with a business combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $
If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a business combination.
If, however, stockholder approval of the transactions is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or legal reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. Additionally, each public stockholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing redemption rights, if the Company seeks stockholder approval of its initial business combination and the Company does not
conduct redemptions in connection with its initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Certificate of Incorporation
will provide that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder
is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of
6
The Company’s
Sponsor, officers and directors (collectively, the “Initial Stockholders”) have agreed not to propose any amendment to the
Certificate of Incorporation that would affect the Company’s public stockholders’ ability to convert or sell their shares
to the Company in connection with a business combination as described herein or affect the substance or timing of the Company’s
obligation to redeem
Initial Extension of Period to Complete Initial Business Combination
On March
19, 2024, the Company extended the period of which it is able to consummate an initial business combination by a period of three months,
or until June 22, 2024 (the “Initial Extension”). In connection with the Initial Extension, the Company’s sponsor deposited
an aggregate of $
2024 Special Meeting of the Stockholders
On June
18, 2024, the Company convened a special meeting of stockholders (the “2024 Special Meeting”), at which the Company’s
stockholders approved the amendment to the Company’s Charter to provide the Company’s board of directors with the right to
extend the Combination Period up to an additional twelve (12) times for one (1) month each time from June 22, 2024 to June 22, 2025 (the
“Extension”) (the “2024 Extension Amendment Proposal”). The Company also entered into an amendment (the “2024
Trust Amendment” and together with the 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal, the “2024 Charter Amendment Proposals”) to
the Trust Agreement. The Trust Amendment, as amended, allows the Company to extend the Combination Period up to an additional twelve (
In connection
with the 2024 Charter Amendment Proposals, the holders of the Company’s public shares were given the opportunity to redeem their
public shares for a pro rata share of the funds on deposit in the Trust Account, including any interest earned on the Trust Account deposits
(net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. Stockholders holding
On June 20, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until July 22, 2024 (the “First 2024
Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On July 16, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until August 22, 2024 (the “Second
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On August 16, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until September 22, 2024 (the “Third
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On September 18, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until October 22, 2024 (the “Fourth
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
7
On October 17, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until November 22, 2024 (the “Fifth
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On November 16, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until December 22, 2024 (the “Sixth
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On December 20, 2024, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until January 22, 2025 (the “Seventh
2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On January 16, 2025, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until February 22, 2025 (the “First
2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On February 20, 2025, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until March 22, 2025 (the “Second 2025
Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On March 20, 2025, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until April 22, 2025 (the “Third 2025
Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On April 21, 2025, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until May 22, 2025 (the “Fourth 2025
Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
On May 19, 2025, the Company further extended
the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until June 22, 2025 (the “Fifth 2025
Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $
If the Company is unable to complete an initial
business combination by June 22, 2025, the Company will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as
promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the shares of Class A common stock subject
to possible redemption, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including
interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less any income or franchise tax obligations and up to $
The Company’s
Initial Stockholders agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Class B common
stock held by them if the Company fails to complete its initial business combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Initial
Stockholders acquire public shares in or after the IPO date, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account
with respect to such public shares if the Company fails to complete a business combination within the prescribed time frame. The underwriter
has agreed to waive their rights to their deferred underwriting commission (see Note 6) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company
does not complete a business combination within the Combination Period, and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other
funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the public shares. In the event of such distribution,
it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution will be less than the IPO price per Unit ($
8
In order
to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by
a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed
entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below (1) $
Merger Agreement
On December 17, 2024, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Xiaoyu Dida, Xiaoyu Dida Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida (“Merger Sub 1”), and Xiaoyu Dida (USA) Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida (“Merger Sub 2”). Upon the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (i) Merger Sub 1, will be merged with and into the Company (“Merger 1”), with the Company being the surviving company and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida; and (ii) immediately following the consummation of Merger 1, the Merger 1 Surviving Corporation will be merged with and into Merger Sub 2 (“Merger 2” and, collectively with Merger 1, the “Mergers”), with Merger Sub 2 being the surviving company and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida.
Immediately
prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement): (i) each share of the Company’s Class B common stock
shall be automatically converted into one share of the Company’s Class A common stock in accordance with the terms of the Company’s
Certificate of Incorporation (such automatic conversion, the “Company Class B Conversion”) and each share of Class B common
stock shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled, and each former holder of Class B common stock shall thereafter
cease to have any rights with respect to such shares; and (ii) each Unit, which consists of one share of Class A common stock and one
redeemable Public Warrant issued by the Company to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a price of $
Immediately
after giving effect to the Unit Separation and the Four Leaf Class B Conversion, at the Merger 1 Effective Time, each share of Class A
common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time (other than any shares of Class A common stock held
by the Company as treasury stock and any shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption) shall automatically be cancelled in exchange
for the right to receive, upon delivery of the applicable letter of transmittal (if any),
At the Merger 1 Effective Time, each Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time shall cease to be a warrant with respect to the Class A common stock and shall be assumed by Xiaoyu Dida and converted into a Warrant to purchase one Xiaoyu Dida Class A Ordinary Share (each, a “Xiaoyu Dida Warrant”) pursuant to the terms of a warrant assignment, assumption and amendment agreement to be entered into between the Company, Xiaoyu Dida and CST (the “Warrant Assumption Agreement”). Each Xiaoyu Dida Warrant shall continue to have and be subject to substantially the same terms as were applicable to the Company’s Warrants in effect immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time under the terms of that certain Warrant Agreement, dated March 16, 2023, by and between the Company and CST, as warrant agent (including any repurchase rights and cashless exercise provisions). At or prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time, Xiaoyu Dida shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for future issuance, and shall maintain such reservation for so long as any of the Xiaoyu Dida Warrants remain outstanding, a sufficient number of Xiaoyu Dida Class A Ordinary Shares for delivery upon the exercise of Xiaoyu Dida Warrants after the Merger 1 Effective Time.
9
The parties to the Merger Agreement have agreed to customary representations and warranties for transactions of this type. In addition, the parties to the Merger Agreement agreed to be bound by certain customary covenants for transactions of this type, including, among others, covenants with respect to the conduct of Xiaoyu Dida, the Company and their respective subsidiaries during the period between execution of the Merger Agreement and Closing. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants of the parties set forth in the Merger Agreement will terminate at Closing, except for those covenants and agreements that, by their terms, contemplate performance after Closing. Each of the parties to the Merger Agreement has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to take or cause to be taken all actions and things necessary to consummate and expeditiously implement the Mergers.
Under the
Merger Agreement, the obligations of the parties to consummate the Merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary
closing conditions of the respective parties, including, without limitation: (i) receipt of the Company’s stockholder approval and
Xiaoyu Dida stockholder approval; (ii) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements
Act of 1976, as amended; (iii) no provisions of any applicable Law and no Order (each as defined in the Merger Agreement) shall prohibit
or prevent the consummation of the Closing; (iv) all consents, approvals and actions of, filings with and notices to any Governmental
Authority required to consummate the transactions, including without limitation, the CSRC Filing Notice (as defined in the Merger Agreement),
shall have been made or obtained; (v) the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act; (vi) the Company having
at least $
The Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain customary and limited circumstances at any time prior to the Effective Time as follows:
(i) | by mutual written consent of the Company and Xiaoyu Dida; |
(ii) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the Closing is not consummated on or before December 31, 2025 (the “Outside Date”), provided that the failure to consummate the Closing by the Outside Date is not due to a material breach by the party seeking to terminate and which such breach is the proximate cause for the conditions to close not being satisfied; |
(iii) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the other party has breached any of its covenants or representations and warranties such that closing conditions would not be satisfied at the Closing (subject to a 30-days cure period for breaches that are curable), provided that such right to terminate will not be available to either party if it has breached in any material respect its obligations set forth in the Merger Agreement; |
(iv) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if any Order (as defined in the Merger Agreement) having the effect of prohibiting or preventing the consummation of the Closing shall be in effect and shall have become final and non-appealable; provided, however, that the right to terminate this shall not be available to a party if such Order was due to such party’s breach of or failure to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in the Merger Agreement; |
(v) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the CSRC Filing Notice has not been obtained by the Outside Date; |
(vi) | by either Company or Xiaoyu Dida if Company stockholder approval shall not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote upon a vote held at the special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; or |
10
(vii) | by the Company if Xiaoyu Dida shareholder approval shall not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote at the general meeting duly convened therefor or at any adjournment or postponement thereof. |
If the Merger Agreement is validly terminated, none of the parties to the Merger Agreement will have any liability or further obligation under the Merger Agreement.
Notices from the Nasdaq Stock Market
On September 24, 2024,
the Company received a letter (the “September Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market
LLC (“Nasdaq”) informing the Company that, for the last
On November 21, 2024, the Company received a letter (the “November Notice”) from the Nasdaq indicating that the Company remains in non-compliance with the timely filing requirement for continued listing under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1), which requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The November Notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock. The Company filed the delinquent Form 10-Q on January 15, 2025.
On April 8, 2025, the Company received written notice (the “Delisting Letter”) from Nasdaq informing the Company that it has not regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) for the MVLS within the Compliance Period in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(C). Accordingly, unless the Company requests an appeal of this determination, the Company’s securities will be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, trading of the Company’s Common Stock would be suspended at the opening of business on April 17, 2025, and a Form 25-NSE would be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which would remove the Company’s securities from listing and registration on The Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company filed an appeal to such determinations pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series to stay the suspension of the Company’s securities and the filing of the Form 25-NSE pending the Panel’s decision. The appeal hearing is scheduled to take place on May 20, 2025.
On April 17, 2025, the Company received another notice from the staff of the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications department of Nasdaq stating that the Company’s failure to file its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”), serves a basis for delisting the Company’s securities from Nasdaq. Accordingly, unless the Company timely requests an appeal of this determination, the Company’s securities will be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, trading of the Company’s Common Stock will be suspended and a Form 25-NSE will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which will remove the Company’s securities from listing and registration on The Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company filed the delinquent Form 10-K on April 30, 2025.
On April 21, 2025, the Company received another notice from Nasdaq, which notified the Company that its failure to pay certain fees required by Listing Rule 5250(f) serves an additional basis for delisting the Company’s securities from Nasdaq unless the Company appeals this determination. The Company subsequently issued payment for the fees outstanding with Nasdaq.
11
Going Concern Consideration
The $
The Company believes that the proceeds raised in the initial public offering and the funds potentially available from loans from the Sponsor or any of their affiliates will be sufficient to allow the Company to meet the expenditures required for its activities until a business combination is complete. However, if the estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, the Company may have insufficient funds available to operate its business through the initial business combination. Moreover, the Company may need to obtain additional financing either to complete the business combination or because the Company becomes obligated to redeem a significant number of public shares upon completion of the business combination, in which case the Company may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination.
Management has determined that the liquidity condition, potential mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Risks and Uncertainties
Results of operations and the Company’s ability to complete an initial business combination may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond its control. The business could be impacted by various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, and other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in the U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. More specifically, uncertainties regarding elevated inflation and interest rates, and changes in countries’ trade policies and tariffs, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination and the value of the Company’s securities. The Company cannot at this time fully predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business and our ability to complete an Initial Business Combination. The Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
On August
16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) was signed into federal law. The IRA provides for, among other things,
a new U.S. federal
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On December 27, 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued Notice 2023-2 (the “Notice”) as interim guidance until publication of forthcoming proposed regulations on the excise tax. Although the guidance in the Notice does not constitute proposed or final Treasury regulations, taxpayers may generally rely upon the guidance provided in the Notice until the issuance of the forthcoming proposed regulations. Certain of the forthcoming proposed regulations (if issued) could, however, apply retroactively. The Notice generally provides that if a covered corporation completely liquidates and dissolves, distributions in such complete liquidation and other distributions by such covered corporation in the same taxable year in which the final distribution in complete liquidation and dissolution is made are not subject to the excise tax.
Because any redemptions of our stock in connection with a business combination, extension vote or otherwise will occur after December 31, 2022, the redemptions that take place after that date, including the redemption on June 18, 2024 in connection with the 2024 Special Meeting, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent we would be subject to the excise tax in connection with any such redemptions would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the such redemptions, together with any other redemptions or repurchases we consummate in the same taxable year, (ii) the structure of any business combination and the taxable year in which it occurs (including redemptions in connection with the Special Meeting), (iii) the nature and amount of any equity issuances, in connection with a business combination or otherwise, issued within the same taxable year, (iv) whether we completely liquidate and dissolve within the taxable year of such redemptions, and (v) legal uncertainties regarding how the excise tax applies to transactions like the Business Combination (and, if applicable, a complete liquidation and dissolution of the Company) and the content of final and proposed regulations and further guidance from the Treasury. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in our ability to complete a Business Combination. The proceeds placed in the trust account and the interest earned thereon will not be used to pay for the excise tax that may be levied on the Company in connection with such redemptions. The Company further confirms that it will not utilize any funds from the trust account to pay any such excise tax.
On June
18, 2024, the Company’s stockholders redeemed
Franchise and Income Tax Withdrawals
During the
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company withdrew $
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
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The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company’s Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or for any future periods.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements. Significant assumptions include the excise tax liability in connection with redemption of Class A common stock that occurred at the 2024 Special Meeting. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Business Combination Costs
Costs incurred in relation to a potential Business
Combination may include legal, accounting, and other expenses. Any such costs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred approximately
$
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”). Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock during the periods presented.
The Company’s unaudited condensed statements of operations include a presentation of net income (loss) per share subject to redemption in a manner similar to the two-class method of income (loss) per share. With respect to the accretion of the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption and consistent with ASC 480-10-S99-3A, the Company deemed the fair value of the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption to approximate the contractual redemption value and as such, the accretion has no impact on the calculation of net income (loss) per share.
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The Company’s
Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants totaling
A reconciliation of net loss per share is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
Class A subject to possible redemption | Class A Perm | Class B | ||||||||||
Allocation of undistributable loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) |
A reconciliation of net income per share is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
Class A subject to possible redemption | Class A Perm | Class B | ||||||||||
Allocation of undistributable income | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share | $ | $ | $ |
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
On March 31, 2025, the assets held in the Trust Account were substantially held in a treasury trust fund investing in U.S. Treasury Bills and U.S. Treasury Notes. These securities are presented on the unaudited condensed balance sheets at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Earnings on these securities are included in dividend and interest income in the accompanying unaudited condensed statements of operations and are automatically reinvested. The fair value for these securities is determined using quoted market prices in active markets.
Deferred Credit
During the
three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received unconditional and non-refundable reimbursement of $
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying unaudited condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
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Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution,
which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $
Share-Based Payment Arrangements
The Company accounts for stock awards in accordance with ASC 718, which requires that all equity awards be accounted for at their fair value. Fair value is measured on the grant date and is equal to the underlying value of the stock.
Costs equal to these fair values are recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the number of awards that are expected to vest, or in the period of grant for awards that vest immediately and have no future service condition. For awards that vest over time, cumulative adjustments in later periods are recorded to the extent actual forfeitures differ from the Company’s initial estimates; previously recognized compensation cost is reversed if the service or performance conditions are not satisfied, and the award is forfeited.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”). Class A common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A common stock sold as part of its IPO features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are classified as temporary equity and are accreted from the initial carrying amount to the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the instrument on a straight-line basis. Subsequent to the IPO date, the accretion also includes the dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account in excess of income and franchise taxes as well as required deposits to extend the life of the Company, which currently occur on a monthly basis.
The redemption
values as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include $
The reconciliation of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption as of March 31, 2025 is as follows:
Gross proceeds from sale of Public Units | $ | |||
Less: Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | ( | ) | ||
Less: Proceeds allocated to underwriters’ over-allotment option | ( | ) | ||
Less: Issuance costs allocated to Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | ( | ) | ||
Less: Redemption of Class A common stock | ( | ) | ||
Accretion to redemption value | ||||
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | $ |
The reconciliation of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption as of December 31, 2024 is as follows:
Gross proceeds from sale of Public Units | $ | |||
Less: Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | ( | ) | ||
Less: Proceeds allocated to underwriters’ over-allotment option | ( | ) | ||
Less: Issuance costs allocated to Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | ( | ) | ||
Less: Redemption of Class A common stock | ( | ) | ||
Accretion to redemption value | ||||
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption | $ |
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Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company issued warrants to its investors, and the over-allotment option to the underwriter. The Company accounts for financial instruments as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the instruments and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own stock and whether the holders of the warrants could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification.
At the IPO date, the Public Warrants (see Note 3) and Private Placement Warrants (see Note 4) were accounted for as equity instruments as they meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815 based on current expected terms, which are subject to change. The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability under ASC 480, as it was an option exercisable into redeemable shares.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
● | Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets; | |
● | Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and | |
● | Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. |
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held Level 1 financial instruments, which are the Company’s marketable securities held in the Trust Account.
Working Capital Loans
The Working
Capital Loans (Note 5) are issued in the form of convertible notes, with the embedded feature to convert the up to $
17
Income Taxes
The Company adopted ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), at its inception. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the positions are “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities and determined to be attributed to the Company. The determination of attribution, if any, applies for each jurisdiction where the Company is subject to income taxes on the basis of laws and regulations of the jurisdiction. The application of laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgement, and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations, and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability of the various jurisdictions may be materially different from management’s estimate. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded any amounts related to uncertain tax positions.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” that addresses requests for improved income tax disclosures from investors that use the financial statements to make capital allocation decisions. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all prior periods presented in the financial statements and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2025 and determined that the adoption does not have a material impact on these unaudited condensed financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Accounting Standards Update 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses to improve financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements; however, the amendments affect where such information appears in the notes to financial statements because entities are required to include certain current disclosures in the same tabular format disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements in the amendments. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that the adoption of this standard will have on its financial statements.
Management does not believe that any additional recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.
NOTE 3 – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
On March
16, 2023, the Company sold
On March
17, 2023, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase
18
NOTE 4 – PRIVATE PLACEMENT
On March
16, 2023, in the private placement that occurred simultaneously with the IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of
On March
17, 2023, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option resulting in the Company issuing
Each Private
Placement Warrant entitles the holder to purchase
NOTE 5 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
In May 2022,
the Sponsor paid $
On March
17, 2023, upon the partial exercise their over-allotment option by the underwriters, the forfeiture lapsed for
Private Placement
On March
16, 2023, in the private placement that occurred simultaneously with the IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of
On March
17, 2023, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option resulting in the Company issuing
Each Private Placement Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment. The proceeds from the Private Placement of the Private Placement Warrants funded the trust account, IPO issuance costs and the operations prior to the business combination. If the Company does not complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period, the remaining proceeds, after payments from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, will be included in the liquidating distribution to the public stockholders and the Private Placement Warrants will be worthless (see Note 7).
19
Working Capital Loans
In order
to finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the
Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital
Loans”). If the Company completes a business combination, the Company will repay the Working Capital Loans. Up to $
During the
three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received from the Sponsor $
During the
year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received from the Sponsor $
The Working
Capital Loans are to be repaid upon the consummation of a business combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s option, up
to $
As of both
March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $
As of March
31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $
Administrative Support Agreement
On March 22, 2023, the Company entered into the
administrative support agreement under which it pays the Sponsor a total of $
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $
NOTE 6 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration Rights
The holders
of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants, warrants that may be issued upon conversion of up to $
20
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriter
received a fee of $
In addition,
in conjunction with the IPO, the Company issued to the underwriter
NOTE 7 - STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred
Stock - The Company is authorized to issue
Class
A common stock - The Company is authorized to issue
Class
B common stock - The Company is authorized to issue
Holders
of Class A common stock and holders of Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all other matters submitted to a vote of
the Company’s stockholders except as otherwise required by law. The Class B common stock will automatically convert into Class A
common stock at the time of a business combination at a ratio such that the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion
of all Founder Shares will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis,
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Warrants
- As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
In addition,
if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection
with the closing of the initial business combination at a newly issued price of less than $
The Warrants
will become exercisable
The Warrants
will expire
Once the Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Warrants:
● | in whole and not in part; | |
● | at a price of $ | |
● | upon not less than | |
● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ |
If the Company calls the warrants for redemption as described above, the Company’s management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In determining whether to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis,” the Company’s management will consider, among other factors, the cash position, the number of warrants that are outstanding and the dilutive effect on the Company’s stockholders of issuing the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants. In such event, each holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the warrants and the “fair market value” (defined below) by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” for this purpose shall mean the average reported last sale price of the Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants.
22
NOTE 8 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Class B Common Stock Share Transfers
In August
2022, the Sponsor transferred
The fair
value of the Founder Shares on the grant date was approximately $
Total unrecognized
compensation expense related to unvested Founder Shares at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 amounted to approximately $
Representative Shares
On March
16, 2023, in conjunction with the IPO, the Company issued to the underwriter
On March
17, 2023, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option. As a result of the partial over-allotment, the underwriter
received an additional
The fair
value of the Representative Shares was accounted for as compensation under ASC 718 and was included in the offering costs. The fair value
of the
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES
The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) is calculated quarterly based upon current assumptions relating to the Company’s known and estimable operating results and various tax-related items.
The Company’s ETR was 3,653.1% and 57.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s general and administrative expenses are generally considered start-up costs and are not currently deductible for federal income tax purposes.
The difference
between the effective tax rates of
The Company has no uncertain tax positions related to federal and state income taxes. The federal tax returns for the Company since inception remains open for examination.
When the
Company is assessed interest or penalties it will be classified in the financial statements as tax expense. For the three months ended
March 31, 2024, the Company incurred $
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NOTE 10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statements information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.
The Company is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a Business Combination. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had not commenced any operations. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on the investments held in the Trust Account.
The Company’s CODM has been identified as
the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources
and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company is a single segment entity.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2025 | 2024 | |||||||
Other general and administrative expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
Professional services fees in connection with Business Combination | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
Interest income on investments held in Trust Account | $ | $ |
The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by the CODM are interest earned on investments held in Trust Account and operating and formation costs. The CODM reviews interest earned on investments held in Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. Within the operating expenses, the CODM specifically reviews professional service fees in connection with the Business Combination, which are a significant segment expense, and include legal fees, and advisory fees, as these represent significant costs affecting the Company’s consummation of the Business Combination. Other general and administrative expenses, including accounting expenses, printing expenses, and regulatory filing fees, are reviewed in aggregate to ensure alignment with budget and contractual obligations. These expenses are monitored to manage and forecast cash available to complete a business combination within the required period.
All other segment items included in net income or loss are reported on the unaudited condensed statement of operations and described within their respective disclosures.
NOTE 11 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company did not identify any subsequent events that require disclosure other than those previously disclosed above.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References to the “Company,” “our,” “us” or “we” refer to Four Leaf Acquisition Corporation. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Such statements include, but are not limited to, possible business combinations and the financing thereof, and related matters, as well as all other statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q. The Company’s securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Risks and Uncertainties
Results of operations and the Company’s ability to complete an initial business combination may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond its control. The business could be impacted by various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, and other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in the U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. More specifically, uncertainties regarding elevated inflation and interest rates, and changes in countries’ trade policies and tariffs, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination and the value of the Company’s securities. The Company cannot at this time fully predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business and our ability to complete an Initial Business Combination. The Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on March 3, 2022, for the purpose of acquiring, merging with, engaging in capital stock exchange with, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, engaging in contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar business combination with a single operating entity, or one or more related or unrelated operating entities operating in any sector. We are an emerging growth company and, as such, are subject to all the risks associated with emerging growth companies.
On December 17, 2024, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Xiaoyu Dida Interconnect International Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Xiaoyu Dida”), Xiaoyu Dida Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida (“Merger Sub 1”), and Xiaoyu Dida (USA) Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida (“Merger Sub 2”). Upon the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (i) Merger Sub 1, will be merged with and into the Company (“Merger 1”), with the Company being the surviving company and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida; and (ii) immediately following the consummation of Merger 1, the Merger 1 Surviving Corporation will be merged with and into Merger Sub 2 (“Merger 2” and, collectively with Merger 1, the “Mergers”), with Merger Sub 2 being the surviving company and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaoyu Dida.
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The below description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual Merger Agreement, a copy of which is filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2024, as Exhibit 2.1.
Immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement): (i) each share of the Company’s Class B common stock shall be automatically converted into one share of the Company’s Class A common stock in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (such automatic conversion, the “Company Class B Conversion”) and each share of Class B common stock shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled, and each former holder of Class B common stock shall thereafter cease to have any rights with respect to such shares; and (ii) each Unit, which consists of one share of Class A common stock and one redeemable Public Warrant issued by the Company to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per whole share outstanding immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time shall be automatically detached and the holder thereof shall be deemed to hold one share of Class A common stock and one Public Warrant in accordance with the terms of the applicable Units (the “Unit Separation”).
Immediately after giving effect to the Unit Separation and the Four Leaf Class B Conversion, at the Merger 1 Effective Time, each share of Class A common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time (other than any shares of Class A common stock held by the Company as treasury stock and any shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption) shall automatically be cancelled in exchange for the right to receive, upon delivery of the applicable letter of transmittal (if any), one Class A ordinary share, par value of $0.00005 per share, of Xiaoyu Dida (the “Xiaoyu Dida Class A Ordinary Shares”) (the “Merger Consideration”).
At the Merger 1 Effective Time, each Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time shall cease to be a warrant with respect to the Class A common stock and shall be assumed by Xiaoyu Dida and converted into a Warrant to purchase one Xiaoyu Dida Class A Ordinary Share (each, a “Xiaoyu Dida Warrant”) pursuant to the terms of a warrant assignment, assumption and amendment agreement to be entered into between the Company, Xiaoyu Dida and CST (the “Warrant Assumption Agreement”). Each Xiaoyu Dida Warrant shall continue to have and be subject to substantially the same terms as were applicable to the Company’s Warrants in effect immediately prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time under the terms of that certain Warrant Agreement, dated March 16, 2023, by and between the Company and CST, as warrant agent (including any repurchase rights and cashless exercise provisions). At or prior to the Merger 1 Effective Time, Xiaoyu Dida shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for future issuance, and shall maintain such reservation for so long as any of the Xiaoyu Dida Warrants remain outstanding, a sufficient number of Xiaoyu Dida Class A Ordinary Shares for delivery upon the exercise of Xiaoyu Dida Warrants after the Merger 1 Effective Time.
The parties to the Merger Agreement have agreed to customary representations and warranties for transactions of this type. In addition, the parties to the Merger Agreement agreed to be bound by certain customary covenants for transactions of this type, including, among others, covenants with respect to the conduct of Xiaoyu Dida, the Company and their respective subsidiaries during the period between execution of the Merger Agreement and Closing. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants of the parties set forth in the Merger Agreement will terminate at Closing, except for those covenants and agreements that, by their terms, contemplate performance after Closing. Each of the parties to the Merger Agreement has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to take or cause to be taken all actions and things necessary to consummate and expeditiously implement the Mergers.
Under the Merger Agreement, the obligations of the parties to consummate the Merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions of the respective parties, including, without limitation: (i) receipt of the Company’s stockholder approval and Xiaoyu Dida stockholder approval; (ii) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended; (iii) no provisions of any applicable Law and no Order (each as defined in the Merger Agreement) shall prohibit or prevent the consummation of the Closing; (iv) all consents, approvals and actions of, filings with and notices to any Governmental Authority required to consummate the transactions, including without limitation, the CSRC Filing Notice (as defined in the Merger Agreement), shall have been made or obtained; (v) the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act; (vi) the Company having at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act); (vii) the common stock of Xiaoyu Dida to be issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement being listed or having been approved for listing on Nasdaq; (viii) solely with respect to the Company (A) the representations and warranties of Xiaoyu Dida being true and correct to applicable standards in the Merger Agreement and each of the covenants of Xiaoyu Dida having been performed or complied with in all material respects, and (B) since the date of the Merger Agreement there not having been a material adverse effect on Xiaoyu Dida that is continuing; and (ix) solely with respect to Xiaoyu Dida, (A) the representations and warranties of the Company being true and correct to applicable standards in the Merger Agreement and each of the covenants of the Company having been performed or complied with in all material respects, (B) since the date of the Merger Agreement there not having been a material adverse effect on the Company that is continuing, and (C) the effective resignations of certain directors and executive officers of the Company. The Merger Agreement does not include a minimum cash condition. Because the parties’ obligations to consummate the Merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of these, and other, conditions, there is no guarantee that the Merger will be consummated.
The Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain customary and limited circumstances at any time prior to the Effective Time as follows:
(i) | by mutual written consent of the Company and Xiaoyu Dida; |
(ii) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the Closing is not consummated on or before December 31, 2025 (the “Outside Date”), provided that the failure to consummate the Closing by the Outside Date is not due to a material breach by the party seeking to terminate and which such breach is the proximate cause for the conditions to close not being satisfied; |
(iii) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the other party has breached any of its covenants or representations and warranties such that closing conditions would not be satisfied at the Closing (subject to a 30-days cure period for breaches that are curable), provided that such right to terminate will not be available to either party if it has breached in any material respect its obligations set forth in the Merger Agreement; |
(iv) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if any Order (as defined in the Merger Agreement) having the effect of prohibiting or preventing the consummation of the Closing shall be in effect and shall have become final and non-appealable; provided, however, that the right to terminate this shall not be available to a party if such Order was due to such party’s breach of or failure to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in the Merger Agreement; |
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(v) | by either the Company or Xiaoyu Dida if the CSRC Filing Notice has not been obtained by the Outside Date; |
(vi) | by either Company or Xiaoyu Dida if Company stockholder approval shall not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote upon a vote held at the special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; or |
(vii) | by the Company if Xiaoyu Dida shareholder approval shall not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote at the general meeting duly convened therefor or at any adjournment or postponement thereof. |
If the Merger Agreement is validly terminated, none of the parties to the Merger Agreement will have any liability or further obligation under the Merger Agreement.
Our sponsor is ALWA Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”), a Delaware limited liability company.
The registration statement for the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) was declared effective on March 16, 2023. On March 16, 2023, the Company consummated its IPO of 5,200,000 units (“Units”). On March 17, 2023, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option and purchased 221,000 additional Units. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Class A common stock” or “Public Shares”), and one redeemable warrant exercisable into one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (“Public Warrant”). The Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Unit, generating total gross proceeds of $54,210,000.
Simultaneously with the consummation of the IPO and the sale of the Units, the Company consummated the private placement (“Private Placement”) of 3,576,900 warrants (“Private Placement Warrants”) to the Sponsor at a price of approximately $1.00 per Placement Warrant, generating total proceeds of $3,577,000.
Transaction costs amounted to $4,019,087 consisting of $2,710,500 of underwriting commissions, the Representative Shares (as defined below), and $1,038,067 of other offering costs. At the IPO date, cash of $974,028 was held outside of the Trust Account (as defined below) and was available for the payment of accrued offering costs and for working capital purposes.
In conjunction with this Public Offering, the Company issued to the underwriter 54,210 shares of Class A common stock for nominal consideration (the “Representative Shares”). The fair value of the Representative Shares accounted for as compensation under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”) was included in the offering costs. The estimated fair value of the Representative Shares as of the IPO date totaled $270,520.
Following the closing of the IPO, an amount of $55,836,300 ($10.30 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), to be invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less, or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company. Except with respect to interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account that may be released to the Company to pay its tax obligations, the proceeds from the IPO will not be released from the Trust Account until the earlier of: (a) the completion of the Company’s initial business combination, or (b) the redemption of the Company’s Public Shares if the Company is unable to complete its initial business combination in the prescribed time frame.
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the IPO and the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a business combination. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a business combination successfully. The Company must complete one or more initial business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the taxes payable on interest earned and less any interest earned thereon that is released for taxes) at the time of the agreement to enter into the initial business combination. However, the Company will only complete a business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires an interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act 1940.
In connection with any proposed initial business combination, the Company will either: (1) seek stockholder approval of such initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination or do not vote at all, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), or (2) provide its stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to the Company by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described herein.
If the Company engages in a tender offer, such tender offer will be structured so that each stockholder may tender all of his, her or its shares rather than a pro rata portion of his, her or its shares. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in the Company’s discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. If the Company determines to allow stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in a tender offer, it will file tender offer documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules.
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The Company will proceed with a business combination if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation of a business combination and, if the Company seeks stockholder approval, a majority of the issued and outstanding shares voted are voted in favor of the business combination.
If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a business combination.
If, however, stockholder approval of the transactions is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or legal reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. Additionally, each public stockholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction.
Notwithstanding the foregoing redemption rights, if the Company seeks stockholder approval of its initial business combination and the Company does not conduct redemptions in connection with its initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Certificate of Incorporation will provide that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in the IPO (“Excess Shares”). However, the Company’s stockholders will not be restricted to vote all of their shares (including Excess shares) for or against the initial business combination. Additionally, such stockholders will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if the Company completes the initial business combination.
The Company’s Sponsor, officers and directors (collectively, the “Initial Stockholders”) have agreed not to propose any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation that would affect the Company’s public stockholders’ ability to convert or sell their shares to the Company in connection with a business combination as described herein or affect the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a business combination by June 22, 2025 unless the Company provides its public stockholders with the opportunity to convert their shares of Class A common stock upon the approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest not previously released to the Company but net of franchise and income taxes payable up to the interest income from the Trust Account, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares.
Initial Extension of Period to Complete Initial Business Combination
On March 19, 2024, the Company extended the period of which it is able to consummate an initial business combination by a period of three months, or until June 22, 2024 (the “Initial Extension”). In connection with the Initial Extension, the Company’s sponsor deposited an aggregate of $542,100 into the Company’s Trust Account, in return for a convertible note (the “Extension Note”), included in the convertible note – related party balance as of March 31, 2025 (see Note 5). If the Company does not consummate a business combination, the Extension Note will not be repaid and all amounts owed under the Extension Note will be forgiven except to the extent that there are funds available to the Company outside of the Trust Account. The Initial Extension was the first of the two three-month Extensions permitted under the Company’s governing documents.
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2024 Special Meeting of the Stockholders
On June 18, 2024, the Company convened a special meeting of stockholders (the “2024 Special Meeting”), at which the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to provide the Company’s Board of Directors with the right to extend the time period to complete an initial business combination (the “Combination Period”) up to an additional twelve (12) times for one (1) month each time from June 22, 2024 to June 22, 2025 (the “Extension”) (the “2024 Extension Amendment Proposal”). The Company also entered into an amendment (the “2024 Trust Amendment” and together with the 2024 Extension Amendment Proposal, the “2024 Charter Amendment Proposals”) to the Trust Agreement. The Trust Amendment, as amended, allows the Company to extend the Combination Period up to an additional twelve (12) times for one (1) month each time from June 22, 2024 to June 22, 2025 by depositing into the Trust Account, for each one-month extension, $75,000 (the “Extension Payment”).
In connection with the 2024 Charter Amendment Proposals, the holders of the Company’s Public Shares were given the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the funds on deposit in the Trust Account, including any interest earned on the Trust Account deposits (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding public Shares. Stockholders holding 2,752,307 Public Shares exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, approximately $30.2 million (approximately $10.97 per share) were removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such redeeming stockholders.
On June 20, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until July 22, 2024 (the “First 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On July 16, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until August 22, 2024 (the “Second 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On August 16, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until September 22, 2024 (the “Third 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On September 18, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until October 22, 2024 (the “Fourth 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On October 17, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until November 22, 2024 (the “Fifth 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On November 16, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until December 22, 2024 (the “Sixth 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On December 20, 2024, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until January 22, 2025 (the “Seventh 2024 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On January 16, 2025, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until February 22, 2025 (the “First 2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
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On February 20, 2025, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until March 22, 2025 (the “Second 2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On March 20, 2025, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until April 22, 2025 (the “Third 2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On April 21, 2025, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until May 22, 2025 (the “Fourth 2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
On May 19, 2025, the Company further extended the period it has to consummate an initial business combination by a period of one month, or until June 22, 2025 (the “Fifth 2025 Monthly Extension”). In connection with the one-month extension, the Company’s Sponsor deposited $75,000 into the Company’s Trust Account.
If the Company is unable to complete an initial business combination by June 22, 2025, the Company will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less any income or franchise tax obligations and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding shares of Class A common stock, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any); and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining stockholders and the Board of Directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
The Company’s Initial Stockholders agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B common stock” or “Founder Shares”) held by them if the Company fails to complete its initial business combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Initial Stockholders acquire Public Shares in or after the IPO date, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if the Company fails to complete a business combination within the prescribed time frame. The underwriter has agreed to waive their rights to their deferred underwriting commission (see Note 6) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a business combination within the Combination Period, and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution will be less than the IPO price per Unit ($10.00).
In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below (1) $10.30 per Public Share or (2) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes. This liability will not apply with respect to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account and except as to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriter of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (except the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.
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Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
At March 31, 2025 we had cash of $1,264 and a working capital deficit of $3,848,205, excluding the franchise and income tax liabilities, as these tax liabilities will be paid using the dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account.
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from March 3, 2022 (inception) to March 31, 2025 were organizational activities and those necessary to consummate the IPO, identify a target company and consummate a business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our business combination. We have generated and expected to generate non-operating income in the form of dividend and interest income on marketable securities held in the Company’s Trust Account. We have incurred and expect to incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as due diligence expenses.
Our liquidity needs prior to the consummation of the IPO were satisfied through the proceeds of $25,000 from the sale of the Founder Shares, and loans from our Sponsor. Subsequent to the consummation of the IPO, the Company’s liquidity needs have been and will continue to be satisfied through the net proceeds held outside of the Trust Account from the consummation of the IPO and the Private Placement, and the Working Capital Loans provided by the Sponsor (see below). In order to finance the Company’s operations as well as transaction costs in connection with an initial business combination, our Sponsor, an affiliate of our Sponsor, or certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). The Working Capital Loans are to be repaid upon consummation of a business combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s option, up to $2,000,000 of the outstanding Working Capital Loans are convertible into warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant. As of March 31, 2025, we had $2,551,100 of outstanding Working Capital Loans from our Sponsor.
As of March 31, 2025, we had cash equivalents in the form of marketable securities in the Trust Account of $30,666,039. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (less deferred underwriting commissions of $1,897,350) to complete its initial business combination, to the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete its initial business combination. We may also withdraw dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account to pay income and franchise taxes.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company withdrew $1,031,029 of interest and dividend income earned in the Trust Account for payment of the Company’s franchise and income tax liabilities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $126,150 and $99,006, respectively, of the funds were inadvertently used for the payments of general operating expenses. The Company is expected to replenish these amounts via a Working Capital Loan from its Sponsor or another similar type of financing.
The Initial Stockholders have agreed not to propose any amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation that would affect our public stockholders’ ability to convert or sell their shares to us in connection with a business combination as described herein or affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our Public Shares if we do not complete a business combination by June 22, 2025 unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their shares of Class A common stock upon the approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest not previously released to the Company but net of franchise and income taxes payable, divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares.
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The $1,264 held outside of the Trust Account as of March 31, 2025 will not be sufficient to allow the Company to operate for at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these unaudited condensed financial statements, assuming that a business combination is not consummated during that time. Giving effect to the 2024 Charter Amendments discussed above, the Company has until June 22, 2025, to complete an initial business combination, subject to the Company making the required Trust Account deposits. If an initial business combination is not consummated by June 22, 2025, there will be a mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution of the Company. The Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs and provide for the required monthly extension Trust Account deposits. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.
Management has determined that our liquidity condition, potential mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, assuming a Business Combination is not consummated before June 22, 2025. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
We believe that the proceeds raised in the IPO and the funds potentially available from loans from the Sponsor or any of their affiliates will be sufficient to allow us to meet the expenditures required for its activities until a business combination is complete. However, if the estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to the initial business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete the initial business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of Public Shares upon completion of the initial business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such initial business combination.
Results of Operations
Since the IPO, the Company’s activity has been limited to the search for a prospective initial business combination and activities to complete the business combination with Xiaoyu Dida. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until the closing and completion of an initial business combination, at the earliest.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company had a net loss of $59,229, which was primarily related to $314,815 of formation and operating costs and $60,896 of income tax expense, partially offset by $316,482 of dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had net income of $130,602, which was primarily related to $757,940 of dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account, offset by $452,417 of formation and operating costs and $174,921 of income tax expense.
Formation and operating costs decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to the decreases in accounting and legal expenses. The dividend and interest income decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to the redemptions of the Trust Account that occurred on June 18, 2024. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased in line with the decrease in dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account.
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Commitments and Contractual Obligations
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants, warrants that may be issued upon conversion of up to $2,000,000 of Working Capital Loans, any shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Founder Shares, are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed at the effective date of the IPO, requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to Class A common stock). The holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of the initial business combination and rights to require us to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The registration rights agreement does not contain liquidated damages or other cash settlement provisions resulting from delays in registering securities.
Underwriting Agreement
$1,897,350 in the aggregate (reflecting the partial exercise by the underwriter of its over-allotment option), will be payable to the underwriter for deferred underwriting commissions. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriter from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes an initial business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.
Administrative Support Agreement
On March 22, 2023, the Company entered into the administrative support agreement under which it pays the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month, up until the completion of the Company’s initial business combination or liquidation, for secretarial and administrative services. The Company’s expenses related to the administrative support agreement were $30,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Upon completion of the initial business combination or the Company’s liquidation, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $212,180 and $182,180, respectively, of amounts due to the Sponsor under the Administrative Support Agreement remain unpaid, and are included in Due to Related Party on the Company’s unaudited condensed balance sheets.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Significant assumptions include the excise tax liability in connection with redemption of Class A common stock. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company issued warrants to its investors, and the over-allotment option to the underwriter. The Company accounts for financial instruments as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the instruments and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own stock and whether the holders of the instruments could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification.
At the IPO date, the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants were accounted for as equity instruments as they meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815 based on current expected terms, which are subject to change. The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability under ASC 480, as it is an option exercisable into redeemable shares.
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Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480. Class A common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A common stock sold as part of the IPO, feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are classified as temporary equity and are accreted from the initial carrying amount to the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the instrument on a straight-line basis. Subsequent to the IPO date, the accretion also includes the dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account in excess of income and franchise taxes.
The change in the carrying value of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital. Subsequent to the IPO date, the Company accretes a portion of the accretion that reflects a redemption in excess of fair value, extension deposits made into the Trust Account and dividend and interest income earned in the Trust Account in excess of income and franchise taxes.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” that addresses requests for improved income tax disclosures from investors that use the financial statements to make capital allocation decisions. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this ASU must be applied on a retrospective basis to all prior periods presented in the financial statements and early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2025 and determined that the adoption does not have a material impact on these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Accounting Standards Update 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses to improve financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements; however, the amendments affect where such information appears in the notes to financial statements because entities are required to include certain current disclosures in the same tabular format disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements in the amendments. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our financial statements.
Management does not believe that any additional recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on our unaudited condensed financial statements.
JOBS Act
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. We will qualify as an “emerging growth company” and under the JOBS Act will be allowed to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (not publicly traded) companies. We are electing to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and as a result, we may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
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Additionally, the Company is in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company”, the Company chooses to rely on such exemptions the Company may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an independent registered public accounting firm’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the report of independent registered public accounting firm providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officers’ compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of the IPO or until the Company is no longer an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) was signed into federal law. The IRA provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.
On December 27, 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued Notice 2023-2 (the “Notice”) as interim guidance until publication of forthcoming proposed regulations on the excise tax. Although the guidance in the Notice does not constitute proposed or final Treasury regulations, taxpayers may generally rely upon the guidance provided in the Notice until the issuance of the forthcoming proposed regulations. Certain of the forthcoming proposed regulations (if issued) could, however, apply retroactively. The Notice generally provides that if a covered corporation completely liquidates and dissolves, distributions in such complete liquidation and other distributions by such covered corporation in the same taxable year in which the final distribution in complete liquidation and dissolution is made are not subject to the excise tax.
Because any redemptions of our stock in connection with a business combination, extension vote or otherwise will occur after December 31, 2022, the redemptions that take place after that date, including the redemption on June 18, 2024 in connection with the 2024 Special Meeting, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent we would be subject to the excise tax in connection with any such redemptions would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the such redemptions, together with any other redemptions or repurchases we consummate in the same taxable year, (ii) the structure of any business combination and the taxable year in which it occurs (including redemptions in connection with the Special Meeting), (iii) the nature and amount of any equity issuances, in connection with a business combination or otherwise, issued within the same taxable year, (iv) whether we completely liquidate and dissolve within the taxable year of such redemptions, and (v) legal uncertainties regarding how the excise tax applies to transactions like the business combination (and, if applicable, a complete liquidation and dissolution of the Company) and the content of final and proposed regulations and further guidance from the Treasury. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a business combination and in our ability to complete a business combination. The proceeds placed in the trust account and the interest earned thereon will not be used to pay for the excise tax that may be levied on the Company in connection with such redemptions. The Company further confirms that it will not utilize any funds from the trust account to pay any such excise tax.
On June 18, 2024, the Company’s stockholders redeemed 2,752,307 Class A common stock shares for a total of $30,194,356. The Company evaluated the status and probability of the excise taxes becoming payable in relation to these redemptions under the guidance in ASC 450, Contingencies, and determined that a contingent liability should be calculated and recorded. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $301,944 excise tax liability related to the June 18, 2024 redemptions. No such redemptions occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024. The excise tax liability totaled $301,944 as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
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Related Party Transactions
Founder Shares
In May 2022, the Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.011 per share, to cover certain offering costs in consideration for 2,156,250 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 (the “Founder Shares” or “Class B common stock”). On May 10, 2022, the Sponsor surrendered 287,500 Founder Shares, for no consideration, resulting in the Sponsor and directors continuing to hold 1,868,750 Founder Shares. On August 26, 2022, the Sponsor transferred 25,000 Founder Shares to each of Rahul Mewawalla and Stephen Markscheid, each of which are members of the Company’s Board of Directors (Note 8). The awards will vest simultaneously with the closing of an initial business combination, provided the director has continuously served on the Company’s Board of Directors through the closing of such initial business combination. On March 16, 2023, the Sponsor forfeited an aggregate of 373,750 Founder Shares for no consideration, resulting in the Sponsor and directors holding an aggregate of 1,495,000 Founder Shares. Up to 195,000 of the Founder Shares were subject to forfeiture to the extent the over-allotment option was not exercised in full by the underwriter prior to its expiration date on April 30, 2023.
On March 17, 2023, upon the partial exercise their over-allotment option by the underwriters, the forfeiture lapsed for 55,250 Founder Shares. Following the expiration of the underwriters’ remaining over- allotment option on April 30, 2023, the remaining 139,750 Founder Shares were forfeited, resulting in the Sponsor and directors holding an aggregate of 1,355,250 Founder Shares.
Private Placement
On March 16, 2023, in the private placement that occurred simultaneously with the IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 3,449,500 warrants (each a “Private Placement Warrant”) at a price of $1.00 per warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $3,449,500.
On March 17, 2023, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option resulting in the Company issuing 127,400 Private Placement Warrants, generating an additional $127,500 in gross proceeds.
Each Private Placement Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment. The proceeds from the Private Placement of the Private Placement Warrants funded the trust account, IPO issuance costs and the operations prior to the business combination. If the Company does not complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period, the remaining proceeds, after payments from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, will be included in the liquidating distribution to the public stockholders and the Private Placement Warrants will be worthless (see Note 7).
Working Capital Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a business combination, the Company will repay the Working Capital Loans. Up to $2,000,000 of such loans may be converted into warrants, at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender, upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination. In the event that a business combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received from the Sponsor $356,000 in Working Capital Loans, of which $131,000 was utilized for working capital needs, $225,000 was utilized to fund the First 2025 Monthly Extension, Second 2025 Monthly Extension, and Third 2025 Monthly Extension.
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During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received from the Sponsor $1,923,100 in Working Capital Loans, of which $856,100 was utilized for working capital needs, $542,000 was utilized to fund the Initial Extension and $525,000 was utilized to fund the First 2024 Monthly Extension, Second 2024 Monthly Extension, Third 2024 Monthly Extension, Fourth 2024 Monthly Extension, Fifth 2024 Monthly Extension, Sixth 2024 Monthly Extension and Seventh 2024 Monthly Extension.
The Working Capital Loans are to be repaid upon the consummation of a business combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s option, up to $2,000,000 of the outstanding Working Capital Loans are convertible into Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant.
As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $2,000,000 of outstanding Working Capital Loans from the Sponsor, included in Convertible note – related party in the accompanying unaudited condensed balance sheets.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $551,100 and $195,100 respectively, included in Promissory note – related party in the Company’s unaudited condensed balance sheets.
Administrative Support Agreement
On March 22, 2023, the Company entered into the administrative support agreement under which it pays the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month, up until the completion of the Company’s initial business combination or liquidation, for secretarial and administrative services. The Company’s expenses related to the administrative support agreement were $30,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Upon completion of the initial business combination or the Company’s liquidation, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $212,180 and $182,180, respectively, of amounts due to the Sponsor under the Administrative Support Agreement remain unpaid, and are included in Due to Related Party on the Company’s unaudited condensed balance sheets.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that during the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting related to the Company’s review and approval of cash disbursements.
During the third quarter of 2024, the Company withdrew $464,229 of interest and dividend income earned in the Trust Account (the “Withdrawn Trust Funds”). Such Withdrawn Trust Funds were restricted for payment of the Company’s tax liabilities as provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation and the terms of the Trust Agreement. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company mistakenly used $110,269 of the Withdrawn Trust Funds for the payments of general operating expenses counter to the terms of the Trust Agreement. Furthermore, during the first quarter of 2025, the Company mistakenly used an additional $15,881 of the Withdrawn Trust Funds for the payments of general operating expenses counter to the terms of the Trust Agreement. As a result of the foregoing, management concluded that the existing control structure failed and that a material weakness exists in our internal control over financial reporting related to the review and approval of cash disbursements. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $126,150 of the funds had yet to be replenished to the Company’s cash or trust accounts.
To address this material weakness management has devoted, and plans to continue to devote, significant effort and resources to the remediation and improvement of its internal control over financial reporting.
● | The Company implemented additional controls related to vendor verification. |
● | The Company implemented additional reviews of each payment made by several authorized individuals. |
● | The Company is in the process of opening a separate bank account to segregate the funds that are restricted as to their use from those that can be utilized for working capital needs. |
We can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than changes that have resulted from the material weakness remediation activities noted above, there has been no change in the internal control over financial reporting, during the most recently completed fiscal quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II-OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
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Item 6. Exhibits.
* | These certifications are furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on this 20th day May 2025.
FOUR LEAF ACQUISITION CORPORATION | ||
By: | /s/ Bala Padmakumar | |
Name: | Bala Padmakumar | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
By: | /s/ Coco Kou | |
Name: | Coco Kou | |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
(Principal Financial Officer) |
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