has received financing and capital through private placements of $92,084 of debt capital and $1,186,597 of equity capital during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Without additional financing, the Company does not have sufficient operating cash flows to pay for its expenditures and settle its obligations as they mature. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, there is uncertainty in meeting these obligations. The Company does have to raise additional capital in the form of debt, equity and/or warrant exercise proceeds, or a combination thereof, to fund future capital expenditures, retire maturing debt obligations and any possible acquisitions. The Company’s current plan includes closely monitoring its growth and operating expenses, refinancing its current debt with longer term debt with amortization schedules that decrease monthly debt service obligations. These actions are intended to mitigate the going concern uncertainties and support the Company’s growth plans in commercializing its extraction technology. There is no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful in these efforts.

Management believes that the implementation of its plans will allow the Company to continue as a going concern. Investors are encouraged to review the financial statements and related disclosures for a comprehensive understanding of the Company’s financial position.

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and statement of financial position classifications that would be necessary were the going concern assumption inappropriate. These adjustments could be material.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not record any amortization of the lease rights as operations have not yet commenced.

The Company (through its subsidiary) holds mineral leases (or the operating rights under leases) covering approximately 5,880 net acres within the State of Utah. Terms of the SITLA Leases are set forth in the table below.

Notes:

1.Leases may be extended past expiry date by continued payment of annual rent and annual advance minimum royalty. 

2.Annual rent may be credited against production royalties payable during the year. 

3.Annual advance minimum royalty may be credited against production royalties payable during the year. 

4.The production royalty is payable on the market price of products produced from the leased substances, without deduction of costs for mining, overhead, labor, distribution or general and administrative activities. 

during the reporting period. The capitalized costs related to these oil and gas assets amount to $8,832,356, recorded at full cost, are not being depreciated and amortized as the facility is still under construction. Additions during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, relate to development and construction of the extraction facility at PR Spring. There were no costs associated with well exploration during the periods ended March 31, 2025 or March 31, 2024, respectively. No disposals occurred in the periods ended March 31, 2025 or March 31, 2024, respectively.

PR Springs has not commenced active extraction of reserves. Consequently, the Company is not required to provide reserve quantities or future cash flow disclosures in accordance with ASC 935-235-50-2. Based on our analysis of the asset group, we have determined that no impairment is necessary as of the reporting date. The carrying amounts of the development-stage extraction facility and related oil and gas properties are fully supported by projected future cash flows, which are derived from reasonable and supportable assumptions regarding commodity prices, expected production rates, and operating costs once the assets are operational. Additionally, no significant adverse changes in the economic environment, regulatory landscape, or project costs have occurred to suggest that the recoverable amount of these assets is less than their carrying value. As such, the assets continue to meet the criteria for capitalization, and no impairment loss has been recognized in accordance with ASC 360-10-35. Further, under ASC 932-360-35-19, the impairment analysis specifically considers the recoverability of costs capitalized for oil and gas properties in the development phase. As these costs are expected to be recoverable through future production, no impairment charge was required as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The components of finance lease expense, associated with the Company’s leasing of remote accommodation camps, consisted of amortization of the right-of-use asset of $5,264 and $4,901 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and accretion of the lease liability of $25,551 and $25,915 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term in years was 18.75 and 19.75 as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The weighted average discount rate as of March 31, 2025, was 10.25%.

Amortization expense on financing leases is included as part of general and administrative expenses on the statement of operations. The total lease expense recognized on the statement of operations is the sum of the accretion of the lease liability and amortization expense. This total expense reflects the cost of using the leased asset over the lease term.

Included in the total finance lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, is approximately $110,000 in demobilization costs associated with the decommissioning and removal of the remote accommodation camps at the end of the lease term. These costs have been capitalized as part of the lease liability and right-of-use asset and are being recognized over the term of the lease.

The following table reconciles the undiscounted future cash flows for the next five years and thereafter to the financing lease liabilities recorded within the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025:

As of March 31, 2025, the maturity date of debt is as follows:

The past due debt referred to above is owed to Libertas Funding LLC in the amount of $4,432,187, LendSpark in the amount of $1,188,499, and Lender A the amount of $1,271,986. Provided that neither Libertas nor LendSpark Corporation commence foreclosure proceedings against us, we do not expect any adverse impact on our operations as a result of our past due debt.

The debt terms related to private lenders are as follows:

On December 2, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note for $1,200,000 from private lender A. The note is secured by the 2020 Resources LLC’s Solar Turbines, bears interest at 1.5% per month and matures on March 2, 2025. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 1,200,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $0.83 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and are being amortized over the term of the debt. The Company also amended previous warrant agreements dated April 6, 2023, June 19, 2024, and August 27, 2024, agreeing to extend the exercise period to five years from the issuance date of the amendment. On April 24, 2025, as an inducement for extending the maturity date to June 2, 2205, the Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of each of the warrants to $0.70 per share and agreeing the default rate of interest of the Note be calculated retroactively to December 2, 2024.

On June 20, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note for $800,000 from private lender A. The note was secured by the 2020 Resources LLC’s Solar Turbine, bears interest at 10% per month, with a minimum interest of $100,000, and matured on August 20, 2024. Repayment of the note was to be paid from the proceeds of the Warrant Offering with distribution of escrow funds of sixty percent (60%) to private Lender A. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 200,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $2.70 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On July 18, 2024, the note was repaid in full.

On June 13, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note for $122,500 from private lender C. The note was unsecured, carries an original issue discount (“OID”) of $22,500, providing the initial purchase price of $100,000 and matured on August 12, 2024. Repayment of the note was to be made on the earlier of (a) sixty days; or (b) the date that the Company receives a minimum of $1,000,000 in funding from sale of convertible notes, sale of equipment, or proceeds from the Warrant Offering. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 50,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On July 22, 2024, the note was repaid in full.

On June 3, 2024, Foreland entered into a business loan and security agreement with Clearview Funding Group LLC. for a loan in the amount of $105,000. The loan was repaid in 8 equal weekly payments of $17,063 for total repayment of $136,000. The loan is secured by the 2020 Resources Solar Turbine. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 100,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On July 29, 2024, the note was repaid in full.

On April 30, 2024, Foreland entered into a business loan and security agreement with LendSpark Corporation for a loan in the amount of $1,500,000 (LendSpark #3). The loan is repaid in 44 equal weekly payments of $45,000 for total repayment of $1,980,000. The loan is secured by all of the assets of Foreland. Subsequent to April 30, 2024, as an inducement to a reduction in payment the lender was issued 350,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On April 25, 2025, as an inducement to negotiate and enter into a forbearance agreement the amount owing was increased by $42,030.

On August 27, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note for $1,200,000 from private lender A. The note is secured by the 2020 Resources LLC’s Solar Turbine, bears interest at 10% per month, with a minimum interest of $150,000, and matured on October 14, 2024. Repayment of the note is based on proceeds from the Reg A Offering with distribution of escrow funds of 100 percent (100%) of the outstanding loan amount to private Lender A. As inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 750,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On October 10, 2024, the note was repaid in full.

On May 16, 2024, Foreland entered into a business loan and security agreement with LendSpark Corporation for a loan in the amount of $900,000 (LendSpark #4). The loan is repaid in 40 equal weekly payments of $30,750 for total repayment of $1,215,000. The loan is secured by all of the assets of Foreland. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 100,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of three years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On April 25, 2025, as an inducement to negotiate and enter into a forbearance agreement the amount owing was increased by $32,108.

On January 23, 2023, the Company entered into a promissory note for $100,000 from private lender B. The note is unsecured, bears interest at 20% per annum and matured on March 23, 2023. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 6,667 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $6.00 per share for a period of two years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. The loan has been repaid as of October 24, 2024.

On June 14, 2023, Foreland entered into a business loan and security agreement with LendSpark Corporation for a loan in the amount of $1,500,000 (LendSpark #1). The loan is repaid in 44 equal weekly payments of $45,000 for total repayment of $1,980,000. The loan is secured by all of the assets of Foreland. As of December 31, 2023, there are unamortized debt issuance costs of $5,764. On April 19, 2024, the loan was repaid in full.

On February 21, 2023, the Company entered into a binding term sheet with private lender A for a convertible loan of $1,000,000 to be personally guaranteed and secured by members of the Board and received a deposit of $400,000. During the course of loan document preparation, it was determined that certain terms agreed to in the term sheet could not be completed. On April 6, 2023, the parties amended the terms of the term sheet by way of a debt satisfaction agreement under which the unsecured deposit, plus accrued interest calculated at 20% per annum, would be repaid on or before May 21, 2023, after which amounts unpaid would incur interest at the rate of 30% per annum. As an inducement to enter into the debt satisfaction agreement, the lender was issued 666,667 common share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $2.70 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants was recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On July 18, 2024, the loan was repaid in full.

On June 20, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note for $800,000 from private lender A. The note is secured by the 2020 Resources LLC’s Solar Turbine, bears interest at 10% per month, with a minimum interest of $100,000, and matured on August 20, 2024. Repayment of the note was to be paid from the proceeds of the Warrant Offering with distribution of escrow funds of sixty percent (60%) to private Lender A. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 200,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $2.70 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt.  On July 18, 2024, the note was repaid in full.

LIABILITY FOR SALE OF FUTURE REVENUES

As of March 31, 2025, the Company is party to several agreements related to the sale of future revenues with Libertas Funding, LLC (“Libertas”), a total of five agreements remain outstanding and two agreements have been terminated.  The agreements, summarized below, contain substantially the same terms and conditions and grant a continuing security interest in all assets of Foreland, to the extent and in the amount of the purchased receivables.

Interest and discounts related to the agreements are amortized to expense over the estimated term of the agreements, which is anticipated to be between 10 to 12 months from the funding of each agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company amortized an aggregate of $765,793 of discount, respectively, to interest expense. Unamortized interest and discounts in the aggregate is $987,249 as of March 31, 2025. As an inducement to a reduction in payment the lender was issued 375,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as debt and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On December 30, 2024, as further inducement to a reduction in payment, the warrant agreement was amended to reduce the price to $0.83 per share.

On May 16, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $665,000 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #8”) for gross proceeds of $500,000. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $15,833 until the amount sold is extinguished. As an inducement for advancing the note, the lender was issued 375,000 share purchase warrants, each warrant granting the holder the right to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $4.50 per share for a period of five years from the issuance date of the warrant. The warrants were classified as equity and the fair value of the warrants were recorded separately as debt discount and amortized over the term of the debt. On December 30, 2024, as further inducement to a reduction in payment the warrant agreement was amended to reduce the price to $0.83 per share. This amendment was classified as debt and the incremental fair value warrants were recorded to interest expense. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $60,140, exclusive of debt discounts, remained outstanding.

On February 19, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $1,386,000 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #7”) for gross proceeds of $1,018,500. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $30,000 until the amount sold is extinguished. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $461,175, exclusive of debt discounts, remained outstanding.

On January 18, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $4,224,000 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #6”) for gross proceeds of $3,300,000, of which $884,667 was used to pay off the Libertas September 14, 2023 agreement. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $91,429 until the amount sold is extinguished. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $2,471,241, exclusive of debt discounts, remained outstanding.

On January 11, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $1,268,582of future sales receipts (“Libertas #5”) for gross proceeds of $2,056,916, of which $796,916 and $1,260,000 was used to pay off the Libertas May 17, 2023 and June 30, 2023 agreements respectively. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $56,988 until the amount sold is extinguished. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $1,268,582, exclusive of debt discounts, remained outstanding.

On October 25, 2023, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $1,731,660 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #4”) for gross proceeds of $1,302,000. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $37,482 until the amount sold is extinguished. As of March 31, 2025, a total of $171,049, exclusive of debt discounts, remained outstanding.

On September 14, 2023, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $1,463,000 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #2”) for gross proceeds of $1,100,000. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $31,667 until the amount sold is extinguished. This liability was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

On June 30, 2023, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $2,520,000 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #3”) with proceeds of $2,000,000 used to pay off Libertas agreement dated January 17, 2023. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $50,000 until the amount sold is extinguished. This liability was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

On May 17, 2023, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Libertas for the sale of $2,560,250 of future sales receipts (“Libertas #1”) for gross proceeds of $1,925,000, of which $575,357 was applied to pay off Libertas agreement dated February 21, 2023. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $55,417 until the amount sold is extinguished. This liability was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

During the period ended March 31, 2024, the Company refinanced 3 agreements with Libertas. Management determined that the transaction should be accounted for as a debt extinguishment. Accordingly, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment related to loan origination fees of $108,887, which is recorded on the statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the period ended March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had the following unamortized debt discounts related to the Libertas agreements:

On April 19, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with Parkside Funding for the sale of $552,000 of future sales receipts for gross proceeds of $400,000. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $27,600 until the amount sold is extinguished. This liability was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

On April 19, 2024, Foreland entered into an agreement of sale of future receivables with UFS West for the sale of $552,000 of future sales receipts for gross proceeds of $400,000. Under the agreement, Foreland will make weekly delivery of receivables not less than $27,600 until the amount sold is extinguished. This liability was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

payable and conversion of debt, amounting to $1,186,596 and $92,084, respectively, net of offering costs of $0.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 7,969 and 3,802 shares of common stock, respectively, for acceptance of share subscriptions and conversion of debt, amounting to $9,310 and $18,247, net of offering costs of $0 and $0, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 79,000 shares of series B preferred stock, respectively, for acceptance of share subscriptions amounting to $156,626, net of offering costs of $40,874. There were no issuance of series B preferred stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred equity issuance costs of $0. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company incurred equity issuance costs of $40,874. These costs consisted of legal, marketing, accounting, printing, administration, broker-dealer, escrow and filing fees directly related to their respective offerings.

On June 14, 2024, the SEC qualified an offering of securities submitted by the Company under Regulation A (the “2024 Reg A Offering”). Under the 2024 Reg A Offering, the Company proposed to sell up to 3,333,333 shares (“Shares”) at a price of $6.00 per Share, and up to 4,852,224 shares of common stock underlying warrants (“Warrant”) issued in the Company’s 2021 Reg A Offering, exercisable at a price of $4.50 per Warrant.

On September 29, 2021, the SEC qualified an offering of securities submitted by the Company under Regulation A (the “2021 Reg A Offering”). Under the 2021 Reg A Offering, the Company proposed to sell up to 5 million units (“Units”) at a price of $3.75 per Unit (as adjusted for the Company’s 1 for 3 reverse split completed in April 2024). Each Unit was comprised of one share of common stock (an “Offering Share”) and one warrant to purchase an additional share (an “Offering Warrant”) at an exercise price of $7.50 per share for a period of three years from the date of issuance of the warrant. The Company reserved from treasury a maximum of 5,000,000 Shares issuable under the 2021 Reg A Offering, assuming full subscription, and a maximum of 1,666,667 shares issuable on exercise of the Offering Warrants (“Warrant Shares”) issued in connection with the 2021 Reg A Offering, assuming full subscription and full exercise. The Company did not issue Unit certificates but instead issued Offering Shares and Offering Warrants in the number of Units subscribed for to subscribers under the 2021 Reg A Offering. The Reg A Offering closed on September 29, 2022, with total gross proceeds of $18,195,838.

The table below sets forth the shares reserved as of March 31, 2025, by the Company for future potential issuance.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had issued and outstanding a total of 7,472,826 warrants each to purchase one share of common stock, exercisable at a range from $0.83 to $7.50 per share for cash and a range length of time to exercise from 0.5 to 5 years.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has share purchase warrants issued and outstanding of 7,472,826 and 7,975,499, respectively.

On June 14, 2024, the Company entered into an engagement agreement with Digital Offering, LLC to provide broker-dealer services in connection with the 2024 Reg A Offering. Under the terms of the engagement letter, the Company will issue a warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock (an “Agent Warrant”) equal to 2.30% of the total Shares sold to investors under the offering at an exercise price of $7.50 per share and subject to transfer, lock-up and exercise restrictions as set forth in Rule 5110 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc (“FINRA”), as applicable. The 2024 Reg A Offering closed on October 9, 2024, and 25,714 Agent Warrants were issued to Digital Offering, LLC in connection with its services under the 2024 Reg A Offering.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $287,197 of unrecognized share-based compensation costs related to non-vested awards that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3 years. As of March 31, 2025, 522,857 options have vested, and are exercisable. The options issued during 2022 vest equally over 3 years commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date. Of the options issued during 2023, 31,112 vested immediately on grant date, with the remaining options vesting equally over 3 years commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date.

The following sets forth the outstanding common share options and related activity for the period ended March 31, 2025: