may also disrupt economic development in
China and result in a greater risk of currency fluctuations, currency non-convertibility, interest rate
fluctuations and higher rates of inflation.
China has experienced
security concerns, such as terrorism and strained international relations. Additionally, China is alleged to have participated in state-sponsored cyberattacks against foreign companies and foreign governments. Actual and
threatened responses to such activity and strained international relations, including purchasing
restrictions, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Chinese government or Chinese companies, may impact
China’s economy and Chinese issuers of securities in which the Fund invests. Incidents involving China's or the region's security may cause uncertainty in Chinese markets and may adversely affect the Chinese economy and the Fund's investments. Export growth continues to be a major driver of China's rapid economic growth. Reduction in spending on
Chinese products and services, supply chain diversification, institution of additional tariffs or other
trade barriers (including as a result of heightened trade tensions or a trade war between China and the
U.S. or in response to actual or alleged Chinese cyber activity) or a downturn in any of the economies of
China's key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy. The Underlying Index may
include companies that are subject to economic or trade restrictions (but not investment restrictions)
imposed by the U.S. or other governments due to national security, human rights or other concerns of such
government. So long as these restrictions do not include restrictions on investments, the Fund is generally
expected to invest in such companies, consistent with its objective to track the performance of the
Underlying Index.
Chinese companies, including Chinese companies that
are listed on U.S. exchanges, are not subject to the same degree of regulatory requirements, accounting
standards or auditor oversight as companies in more developed countries. As a result, information about the
Chinese securities in which the Fund invests may be less reliable or complete. Chinese companies with
securities listed on U.S. exchanges may be delisted if they do not meet U.S. accounting standards and
auditor oversight requirements, which would significantly decrease the liquidity and value of the
securities. There may be significant obstacles to obtaining information necessary for investigations into or
litigation against Chinese companies, and shareholders may have limited legal remedies. The Fund does not
select investments based on investor protection considerations.
Risk of Investing in Developed Countries. The Fund’s investment
in developed country issuers will subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, economic and other risks associated with developed countries. Developed countries tend to represent a significant portion of the global
economy and have generally experienced slower economic growth than some less developed countries. Certain
developed countries have experienced security concerns, such as war, terrorism and strained international
relations. Incidents involving a country’s or region’s security may cause uncertainty in its markets and may adversely affect its economy and the Fund’s investments. In addition, developed countries may be adversely
impacted by changes to the economic conditions of certain key trading partners, regulatory burdens, debt
burdens and the price or availability of certain commodities.
Risk of
Investing in Russia. Investing in Russian securities involves significant risks, including legal,
regulatory, currency and economic risks that are specific to Russia. In addition, investing in Russian
securities involves risks associated with the settlement of portfolio transactions and loss of the Fund’s ownership rights in its portfolio securities as a result of the system of share registration and custody in Russia. Governments, including
the U.S., the U.K., the E.U., and many other countries have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian
individuals and Russian corporate and banking entities, and jurisdictions may also institute broader
sanctions on Russia. Russia has issued a number of countersanctions, some of which restrict the distribution of profits by limited liability companies (e.g., dividends), and prohibit Russian persons from entering into transactions
with designated persons from
“unfriendly
states” as well as the export of raw materials or other products from Russia to certain sanctioned persons.
Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market disruptions,
including declines in its stock markets and the value of the ruble against the U.S. dollar, are impossible
to predict, but could be significant. Disruptions caused by Russian military action or other actions
(including cyberattacks and espionage) or resulting actual and threatened responses to such activity,
including purchasing and financing restrictions, boycotts or changes in consumer or purchaser preferences,
sanctions, import and export restrictions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Russian government, Russian
companies, or Russian individuals, including politicians, may impact Russia’s economy and Russian
companies in which the Fund invests. Actual and threatened responses to Russian military action may also
impact the markets for certain Russian commodities, such as oil and natural gas, as well as other sectors
of the Russian economy, and are likely to have collateral impacts on such sectors globally. Russian
companies may be unable to pay dividends and, if they pay dividends, the Fund may be unable to receive
them. As a result of sanctions, the Fund is currently restricted from trading in Russian securities, including those in its portfolio, and the Underlying Index has removed Russian securities. It is unknown when, or if, sanctions may be lifted
or the Fund’s ability to trade in Russian securities will resume.
Risk of Investing in Saudi
Arabia. Investing in Saudi Arabian issuers subjects the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks that are specific to
Saudi Arabia. The economy of Saudi Arabia is dominated by petroleum exports. A sustained decrease in
petroleum prices could have a negative impact on all aspects of the economy. Investments in the securities
of Saudi Arabian issuers involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in more developed countries, which may negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Such heightened risks may
include, among others, the expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, restrictions on and government
intervention in international trade, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian
and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict, crime and instability as a
result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest. Instability in the Middle East region could
adversely impact the economy of Saudi Arabia, and there is no assurance of political stability in Saudi Arabia.