PROSPECTUS | MAY 1, 2025
AB Variable Products Series Fund, Inc.
Class A Prospectus
AB VPS
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This Prospectus describes the Portfolio that is available as an underlying investment through your variable contract. For information about your variable contract, including information about insurance-related expenses, see the prospectus for your variable contract which accompanies this Prospectus.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Investment Products Offered
Ø Are Not FDIC Insured Ø May Lose Value Ø Are Not Bank Guaranteed |
AB VPS Dynamic Asset Allocation Portfolio
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Portfolios investment objective is to maximize total return consistent with the Advisers determination of reasonable risk.
FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Portfolio. The table and Examples below do not reflect deductions at the separate account level or contract level for any charges that may be incurred under a contract. Contractholders that invest in the Portfolio should refer to the variable contract prospectus for a description of fees and expenses that apply to Contractholders. Inclusion of these charges would increase the fees and expenses in the Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses table and Examples below.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
N/A
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fees |
.70% | |||
Other Expenses: |
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Transfer Agent |
.00% | (a) | ||
Other Expenses |
.18% | |||
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Total Other Expenses |
.18% | |||
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Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
.88% | |||
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Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(b) |
(.03)% | |||
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Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement |
.85% | |||
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(a) | Amount is less than .01%. |
(b) | The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or to bear certain expenses of the Portfolio through May 1, 2026 to the extent necessary to prevent total Portfolio operating expenses (excluding expenses associated with acquired fund fees and expenses other than the advisory fees of any AB Funds in which the Portfolio may invest, interest expense, taxes, extraordinary expenses, and brokerage commissions and other transaction costs), on an annualized basis, from exceeding .85% of average daily net assets. The fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement agreement may only be terminated or changed with the consent of the Portfolios Board of Directors. In addition, the agreement will be automatically extended for one-year terms unless the Adviser provides notice of termination to the Portfolio at least 60 days prior to the end of the period. |
Examples
The Examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the Portfolios operating expenses stay the same and that any fee waiver and/or expense limitation is in effect for only the first year. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
After 1 Year |
$ | 87 | ||
After 3 Years |
$ | 278 | ||
After 5 Years |
$ | 485 | ||
After 10 Years |
$ | 1,082 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys or sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These transaction costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses or in the Examples, affect the Portfolios performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolios portfolio turnover rate was 11% of the average value of its portfolio.
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PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES
The Portfolio invests in a globally diversified portfolio of equity and debt securities, including exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, and other financial instruments, and expects to enter into derivatives transactions, such as options, futures contracts, forwards, and swaps to achieve market exposure. The Portfolios neutral weighting, from which it will make its tactical asset allocations, is 60% equity exposure and 40% debt exposure. Within these broad components, the Portfolio may invest in any type of security, including common and preferred stocks, warrants and convertible securities, government and corporate fixed-income securities, commodities, currencies, real estate-related securities and inflation-indexed securities. The Portfolio may invest in U.S., non-U.S. and emerging market issuers. The Portfolio may invest in securities of companies across the capitalization spectrum, including smaller capitalization companies. The Portfolio expects its investments in fixed-income securities to have a broad range of maturities and quality levels. The Portfolio is expected to be highly diversified across industries, sectors and countries, and will choose its positions from several market indices worldwide in a manner that is intended to track the performance (before fees and expenses) of those indices.
The Adviser will continuously monitor the risks presented by the Portfolios asset allocation and may make frequent adjustments to the Portfolios exposures to different asset classes. Using its proprietary Dynamic Asset Allocation techniques, the Adviser employs a discretionary volatility reduction/management strategy intended to reduce overall volatility and limit downside exposure. The Adviser adjusts the Portfolios exposure to the equity and debt markets, and to segments within those markets, in response to the Advisers assessment of the relative risks and returns of those segments. For example, when the Adviser determines that equity market volatility is particularly low and that, therefore, the equity markets present reasonable return opportunities, the Adviser may increase the Portfolios equity exposure to as much as 80%. Conversely, when the Adviser determines that the risks in the equity markets are disproportionately greater than the potential returns offered, the Adviser may reduce the Portfolios equity exposure significantly below the target percentage or may even decide to eliminate equity exposure altogether by increasing the Portfolios fixed-income exposure to 100%. This investment strategy is intended to reduce the Portfolios overall investment risk, but may at times result in the Portfolio underperforming the markets.
The Portfolio expects to utilize derivatives and to invest in ETFs to a significant extent. Derivatives and ETFs may provide more efficient and economical exposure to market segments than direct investments, and the Portfolios market exposures may at times be achieved almost entirely through the use of derivatives or through the investments in ETFs. Derivatives transactions and ETFs may also be a quicker and more efficient way to alter the Portfolios exposure than buying and selling direct investments. As a result, the Adviser expects to use derivatives as one of the primary tools for adjusting the Portfolios exposure levels from its neutral weighting. The Adviser also expects to use direct investments and ETFs to adjust the Portfolios exposure levels. In determining when and to what extent to enter into derivatives transactions or to invest in ETFs, the Adviser considers factors such as the relative risks and returns expected of potential investments and the cost of such transactions. The Adviser considers the impact of derivatives and ETFs in making its assessment of the Portfolios risks.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations can have a dramatic impact on returns, significantly adding to returns in some years and greatly diminishing them in others. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated investments, the Adviser will integrate the risks of foreign currency exposures into its investment and asset allocation decision making. The Adviser may seek to hedge all or a portion of the currency exposure resulting from the Portfolios investments. The Adviser may also seek investment opportunities through currencies and currency-related derivatives.
PRINCIPAL RISKS
| Market Risk: The value of the Portfolios assets will fluctuate as the market or markets in which the Portfolio invests fluctuate. The value of the Portfolios investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, simply because of economic changes or other events, including public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness), terrorism, war, interest rate levels, tariffs and regional and global conflicts, that affect large portions of the market. It includes the risk that a particular style of investing may underperform the market generally. |
| Allocation Risk: The allocation of investments among different global asset classes may have a significant adverse effect on the Portfolios net asset value, or NAV, when one of these asset classes is performing more poorly than others. As both the direct investments and derivatives positions will be periodically adjusted to reflect the Advisers view of market and economic conditions, there will be transaction costs that may be, over time, significant. In addition, there is a risk that certain asset allocation decisions may not achieve the desired results and, as a result, the Portfolio may incur significant losses. |
| Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from Portfolio performance. In addition, changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. |
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| Credit Risk: An issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, may be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. There is the possibility that the credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations. |
| Foreign (Non-U.S.) Risk: The Portfolios investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers may involve more risk than those of U.S. issuers. These securities may fluctuate more widely in price and may be more difficult to trade due to adverse market, economic, political, regulatory or other factors. |
| Emerging Market Risk: Investments in emerging market countries may have more risk because the markets are less developed, less liquid and are subject to increased potential for market manipulation, and increased economic, political, regulatory or other uncertainties. |
| Currency Risk: Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolios investments or reduce its returns. |
| ETF Risk: ETFs are investment companies. When the Portfolio invests in an ETF, the Portfolio bears its share of the ETFs expenses and runs the risk that the ETF may not achieve its investment objective. |
| Derivatives Risk: Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind and leveraged so that small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. A short position in a derivative instrument involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the value of the underlying asset, reference rate or index, which could cause the Portfolio to suffer a potentially unlimited loss. Derivatives, especially over-the-counter derivatives, are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable or unwilling to honor its contractual obligations to the Portfolio. |
| Leverage Risk: When the Portfolio borrows money or otherwise leverages its portfolio, its NAV may be more volatile because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of changes in interest rates and any increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolios investments. The Portfolio may create leverage through the use of reverse repurchase agreements, forward commitments, or by borrowing money. |
| Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when certain investments are or become difficult to purchase or sell. Difficulty in selling such investments may result in sales at disadvantageous prices affecting the value of your investment in the Portfolio. Causes of illiquid investments risk may include low trading volumes, large positions and heavy redemptions of Portfolio shares. |
| Capitalization Risk: Investments in small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than investments in large-capitalization companies. Investments in small- and mid-capitalization companies may have additional risks because these companies have limited product lines, markets or financial resources. |
| Real Estate Risk: The Portfolios investments in real estate securities have many of the same risks as direct ownership of real estate, including the risk that the value of real estate could decline due to a variety of factors that affect the real estate market generally. Investments in real estate investment trusts, or REITs, may have additional risks. REITs are dependent on the capability of their managers, may have limited diversification, and could be significantly affected by changes in taxes. Some REITs may utilize leverage, which increases investment risk and may potentially increase the Portfolios losses. |
| Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively-managed investment fund. The Adviser will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but there is no guarantee that its techniques will produce the intended results. Some of these techniques may incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models, but there is no guarantee that these models will generate accurate forecasts, reduce risk or otherwise perform as expected. |
As with all investments, you may lose money by investing in the Portfolio.
BAR CHART AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The bar chart and performance information provide an indication of the historical risk of an investment in the Portfolio by showing:
| how the Portfolios performance changed from year to year over ten years; and |
| how the Portfolios average annual returns for one, five and ten years compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. |
The performance information does not take into account separate account charges. If separate account charges were included, an investors return would be lower. The Portfolios past performance, of course, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future.
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Bar Chart
During the period shown in the bar chart, the Portfolios:
Best Quarter was up 9.55%, 4th quarter, 2023; and Worst Quarter was down -11.29%, 1st quarter, 2020.
Performance Table
Average Annual Total Returns
(For the periods ended December 31, 2024)
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||
Portfolio |
10.65% | 3.40% | 4.07% | |||||||||
MSCI World Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
18.67% | 11.17% | 9.95% | |||||||||
Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Index* (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
0.58% | -0.68% | 0.83% | |||||||||
60% MSCI World Index/40% Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Index* (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
11.16% | 6.64% | 6.50% |
* | The information for the Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Index and for the composite index is presented to show how the Portfolios performance compares with the returns of indices of securities similar to those in which the Portfolio invests. |
INVESTMENT ADVISER
AllianceBernstein L.P. is the investment adviser for the Portfolio.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The following table lists the persons responsible for day-to-day management of the Portfolios portfolio:
Employee | Length of Service | Title | ||
Caglasu Altunkopru | Since 2021 | Senior Vice President of the Adviser | ||
Alexander Barenboym | Since 2021 | Senior Vice President of the Adviser | ||
Vinod Chathlani | Since February 2025 | Senior Vice President of the Adviser | ||
Daniel J. Loewy | Since 2011 | Senior Vice President of the Adviser |
PURCHASE AND SALE OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
The Portfolio offers its shares through the separate accounts of participating life insurance companies (Insurers). You may only purchase and sell shares through these separate accounts. See the prospectus of the separate account of the Insurer for information on the purchase and sale of the Portfolios shares.
TAX INFORMATION
The Portfolio may pay income dividends or make capital gains distributions. The income and capital gains distributions will be made in shares of the Portfolio. See the prospectus of the separate account of the Insurer for federal income tax information.
PAYMENTS TO INSURERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
If you purchase shares of the Portfolio through an Insurer or other financial intermediary, the Portfolio and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Insurer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PORTFOLIOS STRATEGIES, RISKS AND INVESTMENTS
This section of the Prospectus provides additional information about the Portfolios investment strategies, practices and risks, including principal and non-principal strategies and risks. This Prospectus does not describe all of the Portfolios investment practices that are non-principal strategies or all of the related risks of such strategies; additional descriptions of the Portfolios strategies, investments, and risks can be found in the Portfolios Statement of Additional Information (SAI). The registered investment companies for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser are referred to collectively as the AB Funds Complex, while all of these investment companies, except Bernstein Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. and AB Multi-Manager Alternative Fund, are referred to collectively as the AB Funds.
MARKET RISK
The market value of a security may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. These fluctuations may cause a security to be worth less than the price originally paid for it, or less than it was worth at an earlier time. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry, sector of the economy or the market as a whole. Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the probabilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Conditions affecting the general economy, including interest rate levels and political, social, or economic instability at the local, regional, or global level may also affect the market value of a security. Health crises, such as pandemic and epidemic diseases, as well as other incidents that interrupt the expected course of events, such as natural disasters, including fires, earthquakes and flooding, war or civil disturbance, acts of terrorism, supply chain disruptions, power outages and other unforeseeable and external events, and the public response to or fear of such diseases or events, have had, and may in the future have, an adverse effect on the Portfolios investments and net asset value and can lead to increased market volatility. For example, the diseases or events themselves or any preventative or protective actions that governments may take in respect of such diseases or events may result in periods of business disruption, inability to obtain raw materials, supplies and component parts, and reduced or disrupted operations for the Portfolios portfolio companies. The occurrence and pendency of such diseases or events could adversely affect the economies and financial markets either in specific countries or worldwide. The value of assets or income from an investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Portfolios assets may decline.
DERIVATIVES
The Portfolio may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or other risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. The Portfolio may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its investments, to replace more traditional direct investments and to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets.
There are four principal types of derivativesoptions, futures contracts, forwards and swapseach of which is described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is an exchange or clearinghouse, and non-cleared bilateral over-the-counter transactions that are privately negotiated and where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is a financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are bilateral and privately negotiated.
The Portfolios use of derivatives may involve risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities or other more traditional instruments. These risks include the risk that the value of a derivative instrument may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the value of the assets, reference rates, or indices that they are designed to track. Other risks include: the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for a particular instrument and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a position when desired; and the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations. Certain derivatives may have a leverage component and involve leverage risk. Adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, note or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the Portfolios investment in some cases, the potential loss is unlimited.
The Portfolios investments in derivatives may include, but are not limited to, the following:
| Forward Contracts. A forward contract is an agreement that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other tangible asset for an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or tangible asset to an agreed-upon location (rather than settled by cash) or is rolled forward into a new forward contract. The Portfolios investments in forward contracts may include the following: |
| Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. The Portfolio may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. The Portfolio, for example, may enter into a forward contract as a transaction hedge (to lock in the U.S. Dollar price of a non-U.S. Dollar security), as a position hedge (to protect the value of securities the Portfolio owns that are denominated in a foreign |
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currency against substantial changes in the value of the foreign currency) or as a cross-hedge (to protect the value of securities the Portfolio owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of that foreign currency by entering into a forward contract for a different foreign currency that is expected to change in the same direction as the currency in which the securities are denominated). |
| Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. The Portfolio may purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or options) or currencies. The Portfolio may also purchase or sell futures contracts for foreign currencies or options thereon for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. |
| Options. An option is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a call option) or sell (a put option) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Investments in options are considered speculative. The Portfolio may lose the premium paid for them if the price of the underlying security or other asset decreased or remained the same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the Portfolio were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Portfolio. The Portfolios investments in options include the following: |
| Options on Foreign Currencies. The Portfolio may invest in options on foreign currencies that are privately negotiated or traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges for hedging purposes to protect against declines in the U.S. Dollar value of foreign currency denominated securities held by the Portfolio and against increases in the U.S. Dollar cost of securities to be acquired. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates, although if rates move adversely, the Portfolio may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. The Portfolio may also invest in options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. |
| Options on Securities. The Portfolio may purchase or write a put or call option on securities. The Portfolio may write covered options, which means writing an option for securities the Portfolio owns, and uncovered options. |
| Options on Securities Indices. An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. |
| Other Option Strategies. In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Portfolio may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities, stock indices, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indices) or shares of exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on the same individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or, for the put options, from the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines, in the case of the call option, or increases, in the case of the put option, the Portfolio has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options. |
| Swap Transactions. A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon, or calculated by, reference to changes in specified prices, rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps or currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps), or indices for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the notional principal amount). Generally, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment stream, but is not exchanged. Most swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Portfolio receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are subject to mandatory central clearing and are required to be executed through a regulated swap execution facility. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (FCMs) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Portfolios post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty |
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credit risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) has recently adopted similar execution requirements in respect of certain security-based swaps under its jurisdiction and may in the future adopt similar clearing requirements for such security-based swaps. Privately negotiated swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party, nor are these required to be executed on a regulated swap execution facility. The Portfolios investments in swap transactions include the following: |
| Credit Default Swaps. The buyer in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring. The Portfolio may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Portfolio is a seller, the Portfolio receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the Portfolio, as seller, typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer, which will be either (i) the par value (face amount) of the reference obligation, in which case the Portfolio will receive the reference obligation in return or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the face amount and the current market value of the reference obligation. As a buyer, if a credit event occurs, the Portfolio would be the receiver of such contingent payments, either delivering the reference obligation in exchange for the full notional (face) value of a reference obligation that may have little or no value, or receiving a payment equal to the difference between the face amount and the current market value of the obligation. The current market value of the reference obligation is typically determined via an auction process sponsored by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. The periodic payments previously received by the Portfolio, coupled with the value of any reference obligation received, may be less than the amount it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio. If the Portfolio is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Portfolio will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Portfolio had invested in the reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk and credit risk, and may be illiquid. |
| Currency Swaps. The Portfolio may invest in currency swaps for hedging purposes to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. Currency swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Currency swaps may be bilateral and privately negotiated with the Portfolio expecting to achieve an acceptable degree of correlation between its portfolio investments and its currency swaps position. Currency swaps may involve the exchange of actual principal amounts of currencies by the counterparties at the initiation, and again upon the termination, of the transaction. |
| Inflation (CPI) Swaps. Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index (the Consumer Price Index with respect to CPI swaps) over the term of the swap (with some lag on the inflation index), and the other pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the net asset value, or NAV, of the Portfolio against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an inflation index since the value of these agreements is expected to increase if inflation increases. |
| Interest Rate Swaps, Swaptions, Caps and Floors. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of payments calculated by reference to specified interest rates (e.g., an exchange of floating-rate payments for fixed-rate payments). Unless there is a counterparty default, the risk of loss to the Portfolio from interest rate swap transactions is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio is contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty to an interest rate swap transaction defaults, the Portfolios risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio contractually is entitled to receive. |
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.
The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on an agreed principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. It may be more difficult for the Portfolio to trade or close out interest rate caps and floors in comparison to other types of swaps.
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There is no limit on the amount of interest rate transactions that may be entered into by the Portfolio. The value of these transactions will fluctuate based on changes in interest rates. Interest rate swap, swaption, cap and floor transactions may, for example, be used in an effort to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or a portion of the Portfolios portfolio or to protect against an increase in the price of securities the Portfolio anticipates purchasing at a later date.
| Variance Swaps. The Portfolio may enter into variance swaps from time to time to hedge market risk or adjust exposure to the markets. Variance swaps are contracts in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the difference between the stated level of variance and the actual variance realized on underlying asset(s) or index(es). Variance as used here is defined as the sum of the square of the returns on the reference asset(s) or index(es) (which in effect is a measure of its volatility) over the length of the contract term. |
| Other Derivatives and Strategies |
| Currency Transactions. The Portfolio may invest in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities on a currency hedged or unhedged basis. The Adviser may actively manage the Portfolios currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, swaps and options. The Adviser may enter into transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Adviser believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. The Portfolio may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currencies). |
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
Prior to conversion, convertible securities have the same general characteristics as non-convertible debt securities, which generally provide a stable stream of income with yields that are generally higher than those of equity securities of the same or similar issuers. The price of a convertible security will normally vary with changes in the price of the underlying equity security, although the higher yield tends to make the convertible security less volatile than the underlying equity security. As with debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates decline. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, they offer investors the potential to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities that are rated Baa or lower by Moodys Ratings (Moodys) or BBB- or lower by S&P Global Ratings (S&P) or Fitch Ratings (Fitch), or the equivalent rating by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO), and comparable unrated securities may share some or all of the risks of debt securities with those ratings. For a description of credit ratings, see Appendix ABond Ratings.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
The Portfolio may invest in depositary receipts. American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs, are depositary receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Global Depositary Receipts, or GDRs, European Depositary Receipts, or EDRs, and other types of depositary receipts are typically issued by non-U.S. banks or trust companies and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a U.S. or a non-U.S. company. Depositary receipts may not necessarily be denominated or traded in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. In addition, the issuers of the stock underlying unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside of the United States. For purposes of determining the country of issuance, investments in depositary receipts of either type are deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS
Forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases on a when-issued basis or purchases or sales on a delayed delivery basis. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring or approval of a proposed financing by appropriate authorities (i.e., a when, as and if issued trade).
When forward commitments with respect to fixed-income securities are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but payment for and delivery of the securities take place at a later date. Securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation and no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date. There is a risk of loss if the value of either a purchased security declines before the settlement date or the security sold increases before the settlement date. The use of forward commitments helps the Portfolio to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Portfolio limits its investments in illiquid securities to 15% of its net assets. Under Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), the term illiquid securities means any security or investment that the Portfolio reasonably expects
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cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
The Portfolio may not be able to sell such securities and may not be able to realize their full value upon sale. Restricted securities (securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be illiquid. Some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (Rule 144A Securities) or certain commercial paper) may be more difficult to trade than other types of securities.
INFLATION-INDEXED SECURITIES
Inflation-indexed securities are fixed-income securities whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. If the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of these securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced.
The value of inflation-indexed securities tends to react to changes in real interest rates. In general, the price of these securities can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. In addition, the value of these securities can fluctuate based on fluctuations in expectations of inflation. Interest payments on these securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, which are issued by the U.S. Treasury, use the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers, or the CPI, as the inflation measure. The principal of a TIPS increases with inflation and decreases with deflation, as measured by the CPI. When a TIPS matures, the holder is paid the adjusted principal or original principal, whichever is greater. TIPS pay interest twice a year, at a fixed rate, which is determined by auction at the time the TIPS are issued. The rate is applied to the adjusted principal; so, like the principal, interest payments rise with inflation and fall with deflation. TIPS are issued in terms of 5, 10, and 30 years.
INVESTMENT IN EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS AND OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Portfolio may invest in shares of ETFs, including AB ETFs, subject to the restrictions and limitations of 1940 Act, or any applicable rules, exemptive orders or regulatory guidance thereunder. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that seek to track the performance of a specific index or implement actively-managed investment strategies. Index ETFs will not track their underlying indices precisely since the ETFs have expenses and may need to hold a portion of their assets in cash, unlike the underlying indices, and the ETFs may not invest in all of the securities in the underlying indices in the same proportion as the indices for varying reasons. Unlike index ETFs, actively-managed ETFs generally seek to outperform a benchmark index and typically have higher expenses than index ETFs, which expenses reduce investment returns. There are numerous types of index ETFs and actively-managed ETFs, including those offering exposure to broad or narrow segments of the equity, fixed-income, commodities and foreign currencies markets. The Portfolio will incur transaction costs when buying and selling ETF shares, and indirectly bear the expenses of the ETFs. In addition, the market value of an ETFs shares, which is based on supply and demand in the market for the ETFs shares, may differ from its NAV. Accordingly, there may be times when an ETFs shares trade at a discount or premium to its NAV.
The Portfolio may invest, and has invested from time to time, in investment companies other than ETFs, including funds in the AB Funds Complex that are mutual funds (AB Mutual Funds), as permitted by the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations or exemptive orders thereunder. As with ETF investments, if the Portfolio acquires shares in other investment companies, Contractholders would bear, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (which may include management and advisory fees), which to the extent not waived or reimbursed, would be in addition to the Portfolios expenses. The Portfolio intends to invest uninvested cash balances in an affiliated money market fund as permitted by Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act. The Portfolios investments in other investment companies, including ETFs, subject the Portfolio indirectly to the underlying risks of those investment companies.
The Portfolio may invest in other AB Mutual Funds and ETFs including AB All Market Real Return Portfolio. A brief description of AB All Market Real Return Portfolio follows. Additional details are available in AB All Market Real Return Portfolios prospectus and SAI. You may request a free copy of the prospectus and/or SAI of AB All Market Real Return Portfolio by contacting the Adviser:
By Mail: | c/o AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 | ||||
By Phone: | For Information: For Literature: |
(800) 221-5672 (800) 227-4618 |
AB All Market Real Return Portfolio (the Fund) has an investment objective of maximizing real return over inflation. The Fund invests primarily in instruments that the Adviser expects to outperform broad equity indices during periods of rising inflation. Under normal circumstances, the Fund expects to invest its assets principally in the following instruments that, in the judgment of the Adviser, are affected directly or indirectly by the level and change in the rate of inflation: inflation-indexed fixed-income securities, such as Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, and similar bonds issued by governments outside of the United States; commodities; commodity-related equity securities; real estate equity securities; inflation sensitive equity securities, which the Fund defines as equity securities of companies that the Adviser believes have the ability to pass along increasing costs to consumers and maintain or grow margins in rising inflation environments, including equity securities of utilities and infrastructure-related companies; securities and derivatives linked to the price of other assets (such as commodities, stock indices and real estate); and currencies.
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LOANS OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
For the purpose of achieving income, the Portfolio may make secured loans of portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and financial institutions (borrowers) to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding interpretations of or exemptive orders under the 1940 Act. Under the Portfolios securities lending program, all securities loans will be secured continuously by cash collateral and/or non-cash collateral. Non-cash collateral will include only securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. The loans will be made only to borrowers deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy, and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the consideration that can be earned at that time from securities loans justifies the attendant risk. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Portfolio will be compensated for the loan from a portion of the net return from the interest earned on the collateral after a rebate paid to the borrower (in some cases this rebate may be a negative rebate, or fee paid by the borrower to the Portfolio in connection with the loan). If the Portfolio receives non-cash collateral, the Portfolio will receive a fee from the borrower generally equal to a negotiated percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. For its services, the securities lending agent receives a fee from the Portfolio.
The Portfolio will have the right to call a loan and obtain the securities loaned at any time on notice to the borrower within the normal and customary settlement time for the securities. While the securities are on loan, the borrower is obligated to pay the Portfolio amounts equal to any income or other distributions from the securities. The Portfolio will not have the right to vote any securities during the existence of a loan, but will have the right to recall loaned securities in order to exercise voting or other ownership rights. When the Portfolio lends its securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of securities loaned.
The Portfolio will invest any cash collateral in shares of a money market fund approved by the Portfolios Board of Directors (the Board) and expected to be managed by the Adviser. Any such investment will be at the Portfolios risk. The Portfolio may pay reasonable finders, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan.
Principal risks of lending portfolio securities include that the borrower will fail to return the loaned securities upon termination of the loan and that the value of the collateral will not be sufficient to replace the loaned securities.
MORTGAGE-RELATED, OTHER ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES AND STRUCTURED SECURITIES
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities. Mortgage-related securities include mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), commercial mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, government sponsored enterprise (GSE) risk-sharing bonds, stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBs) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in or are secured by and payable from mortgage loans on real property. These securities may be issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its sponsored entities or may be issued by private organizations.
The value of mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. Early payments of principal on some mortgage-related securities may occur during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. During periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates. If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the Portfolio may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.
One type of SMBS has one class receiving all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only, or PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Portfolios yield to maturity from these securities.
The Portfolio may invest in collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), which include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust that is backed by a diversified pool of high-risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.
GSE Risk-Sharing Bonds. The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-backed securities known as GSE Risk-Sharing Bonds or Credit Risk Transfer Securities (CRTs), which are issued by GSEs (and sometimes banks or mortgage insurers) and structured without any government or GSE guarantee in respect of borrower defaults or underlying collateral. The risks associated with an investment in CRTs differ from the risks associated with an investment in mortgage-backed securities issued by GSEs because, in CRTs, some or all of the credit risk associated with the underlying mortgage loans is transferred to the end-investor.
Other Asset-Backed Securities. The Portfolio may invest in other asset-backed securities. The securitization techniques used to develop mortgage-related securities are applied to a broad range of financial assets. Through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations, various types of assets, including
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automobile loans and leases, credit card receivables, home equity loans, equipment leases and trade receivables, are securitized in structures similar to the structures used in mortgage securitizations.
Structured Securities. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued in structured financing transactions, which generally involve aggregating types of debt assets in a pool or special purpose entity and then issuing new securities. Types of structured financings include securities described elsewhere in this Prospectus, such as mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities. These investments include investments in structured securities that represent interests in entities organized and operated solely for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of particular debt obligations. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or high-yield bonds) and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of structured securities backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. Because these types of structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments.
PREFERRED STOCK
The Portfolio may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of capital stock that typically pays dividends at a specified rate. Preferred stock is generally senior to common stock, but is subordinated to any debt the issuer has outstanding. Accordingly, preferred stock dividends are not paid until all debt obligations are first met. Preferred stock may be subject to more fluctuations in market value, due to changes in market participants perceptions of the issuers ability to continue to pay dividends, than debt of the issuer. These investments include convertible preferred stock, which includes an option for the holder to convert the preferred stock into the issuers common stock under certain conditions, among which may be the specification of a future date when the conversion may begin, a certain number of common shares per preferred share, or a certain price per share for the common stock. Convertible preferred stock tends to be more volatile than non-convertible preferred stock, because its value is related to the price of the issuers common stock as well as the dividends payable on the preferred stock.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (REITS)
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments and principal. Similar to investment companies such as the Portfolio, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders, provided they comply with several requirements of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Portfolio invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Portfolio.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND BUY/SELL BACK TRANSACTIONS
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement transaction, the Portfolio buys a security and simultaneously agrees to sell it back to the counterparty at a specified price in the future. However, a repurchase agreement is economically similar to a secured loan, in that the Portfolio lends cash to a counterparty for a specific term, normally a day or a few days, and is given acceptable collateral (the purchased securities) to hold in case the counterparty does not repay the loan. The difference between the purchase price and the repurchase price of the securities reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. Given that the price at which the Portfolio will sell the collateral back is specified in advance, the Portfolio is not exposed to price movements on the collateral unless the counterparty defaults. If the counterparty defaults on its obligation to buy back the securities at the maturity date and the liquidation value of the collateral is less than the outstanding loan amount, the Portfolio would suffer a loss. In order to further mitigate any potential credit exposure to the counterparty, if the value of the securities falls below a specified level that is linked to the loan amount during the life of the agreement, the counterparty must provide additional collateral to support the loan.
The Portfolio may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase agreements. In this type of transaction, the Portfolio enters a trade to buy securities at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at another price on a specified date. Similar to a repurchase agreement, the repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest rates. Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transaction is considered two separate transactions.
RIGHTS AND WARRANTS
Rights and warrants are option securities permitting their holders to subscribe for other securities. Rights are similar to warrants except that they have a substantially shorter duration. Rights and warrants do not carry with them dividend or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, or any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, an investment in rights and warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a right or a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a right or a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
STRUCTURED PRODUCTS
The Portfolio may invest in certain hybrid derivatives-type instruments that combine features of a traditional stock or bond with those of, for example, a futures contract or an option.
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These instruments include structured notes and indexed securities, commodity-linked notes and commodity index-linked notes and credit-linked securities. The performance of the structured product, which is generally a fixed-income security, is tied (positively or negatively) to the price or prices of an unrelated reference indicator such as a security or basket of securities, currencies, commodities, a securities or commodities index or a credit default swap or other kinds of swaps. The structured product may not pay interest or protect the principal invested. The structured product or its interest rate may be a multiple of the reference indicator and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more rapidly than the reference indicator. Investments in structured products may provide a more efficient and less expensive means of obtaining exposure to underlying securities, commodities or other derivatives, but may potentially be more volatile and carry greater trading and market risk than investments in traditional securities. The purchase of a structured product also exposes the Portfolio to the credit risk of the structured product.
Structured notes are derivative debt instruments. The interest rate or principal of these notes is determined by reference to an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, or indices thereof) unlike a typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed or floating interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator.
Commodity-linked notes and commodity index-linked notes provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, commodity indices or similar instruments. Commodity-linked products may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable.
The Portfolio may also invest in certain hybrid derivatives-type investments that combine features of a traditional bond with those of certain derivatives such as a credit default swap, an interest rate swap or other securities. These investments include credit-linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, the Portfolio may invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool to gain exposure to a certain market or to remain fully invested when more traditional income-producing securities are not available. The performance of the structured product, which is generally a fixed-income security, is linked to the receipt of payments from the counterparties to the derivative instruments or other securities. The Portfolios investments in credit-linked securities are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk and leverage risk. These securities are generally structured as Rule 144A Securities so that they may be freely traded among qualified institutional buyers. However, changes in the market for credit-linked securities or the availability of willing buyers may result in reduced liquidity for the securities.
ZERO-COUPON AND PRINCIPAL-ONLY SECURITIES
Zero-coupon securities and principal-only (PO) securities are debt securities that have been issued without interest coupons or stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, and include receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. Such a security pays no interest to its holder during its life. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value. Such securities usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par value and are subject to greater fluctuations in market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities and credit quality that make current distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, these securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity.
ADDITIONAL RISK AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Investments in the Portfolio involve the risk considerations described below.
BORROWINGS AND LEVERAGE
The Portfolio may use borrowings for investment purposes subject to its investment policies and procedures and to applicable statutory or regulatory requirements. Borrowings by the Portfolio result in leveraging of the Portfolios shares. Likewise, the Portfolios use of certain derivatives may effectively leverage the Portfolios portfolio. The Portfolio may use leverage for investment purposes by entering into transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements, forward contracts, dollar rolls or certain derivatives. This means that the Portfolio uses cash made available during the term of these transactions to make investments in other securities.
Utilization of leverage, which is usually considered speculative, involves certain risks to the Portfolios Contractholders. These include a higher volatility of the NAV of the Portfolios shares and the relatively greater effect of changes in the value of the Portfolios portfolio on the NAV of the shares. In the case of borrowings for investment purposes, so long as the Portfolio is able to realize a net return on the portion of its investment portfolio resulting from leverage that is higher than the interest expense paid on borrowings, the effect of such leverage will be to cause the Portfolios Contractholders to realize a higher net return than if the Portfolio were not leveraged. With respect to the Portfolios use of certain derivatives that result in leverage of the Portfolios shares, if the Portfolio is able to realize a net return on its investments that is higher than the costs of the leverage, the effect of such leverage will be to cause the Portfolio to realize a higher net return than if the Portfolio were not
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leveraged. If the interest expense on borrowings or other costs of leverage approach the net return on the Portfolios investment portfolio or investments made through leverage, as applicable, the benefit of leverage to the Portfolios Contractholders will be reduced. If the interest expense on borrowings or other costs of leverage were to exceed the net return to Contractholders, the Portfolios use of leverage would result in a lower rate of net return than if the Portfolio were not leveraged. Similarly, the effect of leverage in a declining market would normally be a greater decrease in NAV per share than if the Portfolio were not leveraged.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act imposes limits on a funds utilization of certain derivatives and other forms of leverage. Rule 18f-4, among other things, permits a fund to treat certain financing transactions either as borrowings (subject to asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act) or as derivatives transactions subject to certain risk-based limits of Rule 18f-4.
FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) SECURITIES
Investing in securities of foreign issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with the majority of market capitalization and trading volume concentrated in a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. If the Portfolio invests in securities of foreign issuers, it may experience greater price volatility and significantly lower liquidity than a portfolio invested solely in securities of U.S. companies. These markets may be subject to greater influence by adverse events generally affecting the market, and by large investors trading significant blocks of securities, than is usual in the United States. Sanctions and other similar actions imposed by the U.S. or a foreign country, including those against specific issuers and individuals, may restrict, and in some cases have restricted, the Portfolios ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or access income received on foreign securities, or may require the Portfolio to divest its holdings of foreign securities, which could adversely affect, and in some cases have adversely affected, the value and liquidity of such holdings. The imposition of sanctions and other similar actions could also adversely affect global sectors and economies and thereby negatively affect the value of the Portfolios investments beyond any direct exposure to the countries or regions subject to the sanctions. In addition, the securities markets of some foreign countries may be closed on certain days (e.g., local holidays) when the Portfolio is open for business. Under these circumstances, the Portfolio will be unable to add to or exit its positions in certain foreign securities even though it may otherwise be attractive to do so.
Securities registration, custody, and settlement may in some instances be subject to delays and legal and administrative uncertainties. Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude investment in certain securities and may increase the costs and expenses of the Portfolio. In addition, the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities from certain countries is controlled under regulations, including in some cases the need for certain advance government notification or authority, and if a deterioration occurs in a countrys balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Income from certain investments held by the Portfolio could be reduced by foreign income taxes, including withholding taxes.
The Portfolio also could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by the application to it of other restrictions on investment. Investing in local markets may require the Portfolio to adopt special procedures or seek local governmental approvals or other actions, any of which may involve additional costs to the Portfolio. These factors may affect the liquidity of the Portfolios investments in any country and the Adviser will monitor the effect of any such factor or factors on the Portfolios investments. Transaction costs, including brokerage commissions for transactions both on and off the securities exchanges, in many foreign countries are generally higher than in the United States.
Issuers of securities in foreign jurisdictions are generally not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, restrictions on market manipulation, shareholder proxy requirements, and timely disclosure of information. The reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries may differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards in important respects, and less information may be available to investors in securities of foreign issuers than to investors in U.S. securities. Substantially less information is publicly available about certain non-U.S. issuers than is available about most U.S. issuers. In certain instances, issuers of securities in foreign jurisdictions are owned or controlled directly or indirectly by governmental authorities or military organizations. Securities of such issuers present risks in addition to general market risks of investing in the jurisdiction or country or region. These risks include political changes, social instability, regulatory uncertainty, adverse diplomatic developments, asset expropriation or nationalization, economic sanctions, trade embargos, cancellation of investors interests, and confiscatory taxation, which could adversely affect the performance of the issuers and the value of the securities in which the Portfolio has invested.
The economies of individual foreign countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product or gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, government regulation, political or social instability, public health crises (including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness), revolutions, wars or diplomatic developments could affect adversely the economy of a foreign country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Portfolio could lose its entire investment in securities in the country involved. In addition, laws in foreign countries governing business organizations, bankruptcy and insolvency may provide less protection to security holders such as the Portfolio than that provided by U.S. laws.
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Geopolitical conflicts, military conflicts and wars may result in market disruptions in the affected regions and globally. Russias large-scale invasion of Ukraine and the wars involving Israel and other countries in the Middle East, and responses to such conflicts by governments and intergovernmental organizations have resulted, and may continue to result, in market disruptions. Future market disruptions as a result of these conflicts are impossible to predict, but could be significant and have a severe adverse effect on the regions and beyond, including significant negative impacts on the economy and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas. The Chinese government is involved in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan and has made threats of invasion. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese, Taiwan-based and other issuers both in and outside the region, adversely impact the economies of China and other Asian countries, disrupt supply chains, and severely affect global economies and markets.
The imposition of, or an increase in, tariffs or trade restrictions between the U.S. and foreign countries, or even the threat of such developments, could lead to a significant reduction in international trade, which could have a negative impact on the economies of the U.S. and foreign countries. Recent developments in relations between the U.S. and China have heightened concerns of increased tariffs and restrictions on trade between the two countries.
Investments in securities of companies in emerging markets involve special risks. There are approximately 100 countries identified by the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) as Low Income, Lower Middle Income and Upper Middle Income countries that are generally regarded as emerging markets. Emerging market countries that the Adviser currently considers for investment include:
Argentina Bangladesh Belize Brazil Bulgaria Chile China Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Gabon Georgia Ghana Greece |
Hungary India Indonesia Iraq Ivory Coast Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Lebanon Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Nigeria Pakistan Panama Peru |
Philippines Poland Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia South Africa South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam |
Countries may be added to or removed from this list at any time.
Investing in emerging market securities involves risks different from, and greater than, risks of investing in domestic securities or in the securities of issuers domiciled in developed foreign countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; and the imposition of capital controls, which may restrict the Portfolios ability to repatriate investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. Dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in securities denominated in or traded in these currencies by the Portfolio. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging market securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; less developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights and practical remedies to pursue claims, including class actions or fraud claims; the limited ability of U.S. authorities to bring and enforce actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons; and differences in the nature and quality of financial information, including (i) auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability or unreliability of material information about issuers and (ii) the risk that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") may not be able to inspect audit practices and work conducted by PCAOB-registered audit firms in certain emerging market countries, such as China. Thus there can be no assurance that the quality of financial reporting or the audits conducted by such audit firms of U.S.-listed emerging market companies meet PCAOB standards. Furthermore, in December 2021, the SEC finalized rules to implement the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which requires the SEC to prohibit the trading of securities of foreign issuers (including those based in China) on a national securities exchange or through any other method regulated by the SEC (including through over-the-counter trading) if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the work papers of the auditors of such companies for three years. To the extent the Portfolio invests in the securities of a company whose securities become subject to such a trading prohibition, the Portfolios ability to transact in such securities, and the liquidity of the securities, as well as their market price, would likely be adversely affected. The Portfolio would also have to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities, which could increase the Portfolios costs. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.
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FOREIGN (NON-U.S.) CURRENCIES
The Portfolio invests some portion of its assets in securities denominated in, and receives revenues in, foreign currencies and will be adversely affected by reductions in the value of those currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar. Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly. They are determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or non-U.S. Governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments. In light of these risks, the Portfolio may engage in certain currency hedging transactions, as described above, which involve certain special risks. The Portfolio may also invest directly in foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes directly on a spot basis (i.e., cash) or through derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, futures contracts and options thereon, swaps and options as described above. These investments will be subject to the same risks. In addition, currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, causing the Portfolios NAV to fluctuate.
MANAGEMENT RISKQUANTITATIVE MODELS
The Adviser may use investment techniques that incorporate, or rely upon, quantitative models. These models may not work as intended and may not enable the Portfolio to achieve its investment objective. In addition, certain models may be constructed using data from external providers, and these inputs may be incorrect or incomplete, thus potentially limiting the effectiveness of the models. Finally, the Adviser may change, enhance and update its models and its usage of existing models at its discretion.
INVESTMENT IN BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE FIXED-INCOME SECURITIES
Below investment grade fixed-income securities (commonly called junk bonds) are those rated Ba1 or lower by Moodys, or BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch, or the equivalent by any other NRSRO, as well as unrated securities considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. For a description of credit ratings, see Appendix ABond Ratings.
Investments in below investment grade securities are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities. These securities are also generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of these securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. In addition, below investment grade securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than investment grade securities.
The market for these securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher-rated securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. To the extent that there is no established secondary market for these securities, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in valuing such securities and, in turn, the Portfolios assets.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Although the Portfolio does not invest directly in real estate, it invests in securities of real estate companies. Therefore, an investment in the Portfolio is subject to certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions, including increases in the rate of inflation; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds; overbuilding; extended vacancies of properties; increases in competition, property taxes and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents; and changes in interest rates. In addition, real estate companies may be adversely impacted by pandemics, which impact could include, among other things, reduced demand for commercial and certain residential real estate, lower occupancy rates, decreased lease payments and increased foreclosures and defaults. To the extent that assets underlying such investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, the Portfolio may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent. These risks may be greater for investments in non-U.S. real estate companies.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation.
Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small-capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
The Portfolio may take advantage of other investment practices that are not currently contemplated for use by the Portfolio, or are not available but may yet be developed, to the extent such investment practices are consistent with the Portfolios investment objective and legally permissible for the Portfolio. Such investment practices, if they arise, may involve risks that are different from or exceed those involved in the practices described above.
CHANGES IN INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The AB Variable Products Series (VPS) Funds (the Fund) Board may change the Portfolios investment objective without shareholder approval. The Portfolio will provide shareholders with 60 days prior written notice of any change to the Portfolios investment objective. Unless otherwise noted, all other
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investment policies of the Portfolio may be changed without shareholder approval.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITION
For temporary defensive purposes to attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest in certain types of short-term, liquid, investment-grade or high-quality debt securities. While the Portfolio is investing for temporary defensive purposes, it may not meet its investment objectives.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Portfolios SAI includes a description of the policies and procedures that apply to disclosure of the Portfolios portfolio holdings.
CYBER SECURITY RISK
As the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Portfolio and its service providers, including the Adviser, has become more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyber security. Cyber security incidents can result from deliberate attacks such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through "hacking" or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cyber security failures or breaches of the Portfolio or its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Portfolio shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security incidents, there can be no assurance that those measures will be effective, particularly since the Portfolio does not control the cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies with which those entities do business and companies in which the Portfolio invests.
Cyber security incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Portfolio or shareholder assets, Portfolio or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Portfolio, the Adviser, and/or the Portfolios service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality, or prevent Portfolio shareholders from purchasing, redeeming, or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Portfolio and the Adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cyber security incidents affecting third-party service providers. Cyber security incidents may result in financial losses to the Portfolio and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in seeking to prevent or minimize future cyber security incidents.
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HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
The Portfolio offers its shares through the separate accounts of the Insurers. You may only purchase and sell shares through these separate accounts. See the prospectus of the separate account of the Insurer for information on how to purchase and sell the Portfolios shares. AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI) may, from time to time, receive payments from Insurers in connection with the sale of the Portfolios shares through the Insurers separate accounts.
The Portfolios NAV is available by calling (800) 221-5672.
The Insurers maintain omnibus account arrangements with the Fund in respect of the Portfolio and place aggregate purchase, redemption and exchange orders for shares of the Portfolio corresponding to orders placed by the Insurers customers, or Contractholders, who have purchased contracts from the Insurers, in each case, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the relevant contract. Omnibus account arrangements maintained by the Insurers are discussed below under Policy Regarding Short-Term Trading.
The purchase or sale of the Portfolios shares is priced at the next-determined NAV after the order is received in proper form.
ABI may refuse any order to purchase shares. The Portfolio reserves the right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons.
The Portfolio expects that it will typically take up to three business days following the receipt of a redemption request in proper form to pay out redemption proceeds. However, while not expected, payment of redemption proceeds may take up to seven days from the day a request is received in proper form by the Portfolio by the close of regular trading on any day the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is open (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading).
The Portfolio expects, under normal circumstances, to use cash or cash equivalents held by the Portfolio to satisfy redemption requests. The Portfolio may also determine to sell portfolio assets to meet such requests. Under certain circumstances, including stressed market conditions, the Portfolio may determine to pay a redemption request by accessing a bank line of credit or by distributing wholly or partly in kind securities from its portfolio, instead of cash.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
Financial intermediaries, such as the Insurers, market and sell shares of the Portfolio and typically receive compensation for selling shares of the Portfolio. This compensation is paid from various sources.
Insurers or your financial intermediary receive compensation from ABI and/or the Adviser in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following:
- | defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training; |
- | additional distribution support; and |
- | payments related to providing Contractholder recordkeeping and/or administrative services. |
ABI and/or the Adviser may pay Insurers or other financial intermediaries to perform recordkeeping and administrative services in connection with the Portfolio. Such payments will generally not exceed 0.35% of the average daily net assets of the Portfolio attributable to the Insurer.
Other Payments for Educational Support and Distribution Assistance
In addition to the fees described above, ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to the Insurers that sell shares of the Portfolio. These sums include payments to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by the Insurers and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the Portfolio for the Insurers employees and/or their clients and potential clients and may include payments for distribution and analytical data pertaining to Portfolio sales by the Insurer. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals.
For 2025, ABIs additional payments to these firms for educational support and distribution assistance related to the Funds Portfolios are expected to be approximately $350,000. In 2024, ABI paid additional payments to these firms for educational support and distribution assistance related to the Funds Portfolios of approximately $350,000.
If one mutual fund sponsor that offers shares to separate accounts of an Insurer makes greater distribution assistance payments than another, the Insurer may have an incentive to recommend or offer the shares of funds of one fund sponsor over another.
Please speak with your financial intermediary to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial intermediary by the Adviser, ABI and by other mutual fund sponsors that offer shares to Insurers that may be recommended to you. You should also consult disclosures made by your financial intermediary at the time of purchase.
As of the date of this Prospectus, ABI anticipates that the Insurers or their affiliates that will receive additional payments for educational support include:
American General Life Insurance Company
Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
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Equitable Financial Life Insurance Company
Jackson National Life Distributors, Inc.
Lincoln Financial Distributors, Inc.
New York Life Insurance Company
Protective Life Insurance Company
Prudential Financial
RiverSource Life Insurance Company
Although the Portfolio may use brokers and dealers who sell shares of the Portfolio to effect portfolio transactions, the Portfolio does not consider the sale of AB Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions.
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Contractholders. These policies are described below. There is no guarantee that the Portfolio will be able to detect excessive or short-term trading or to identify Contractholders engaged in such practices, particularly with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts. Contractholders should be aware that application of these policies may have adverse consequences, as described below, and should avoid frequent trading in Portfolio shares through purchases, sales and exchanges of shares. The Portfolio reserves the right to restrict, reject, or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason, including any purchase or exchange order accepted by any Insurer or a Contractholders financial intermediary.
Risks Associated With Excessive Or Short-Term Trading Generally. While the Fund will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances. By realizing profits through short-term trading, Contractholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of the Portfolios shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term Contractholders. Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of shares of the Portfolio, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity. In particular, the Portfolio may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity. In addition, the Portfolio may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading and increased brokerage costs.
Investments in securities of foreign issuers may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies. This is because securities of foreign issuers are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Portfolio ordinarily calculates its NAV at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a Contractholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Portfolio calculates its own share price (referred to as time zone arbitrage). The Portfolio has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of securities of foreign issuers to reflect what is believed to be fair value of those securities at the time the Portfolio calculates its NAV. While there is no assurance, the Portfolio expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a Contractholders ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Contractholders.
Contractholders engaging in a short-term trading strategy may also target the Portfolio irrespective of its investments in securities of foreign issuers. If the Portfolio invests in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded or traded infrequently, or that have a limited public float, it has the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. Contractholders may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as price arbitrage). The Portfolio may be adversely affected by price arbitrage.
Policy Regarding Short-Term Trading. Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Portfolio should be made for investment purposes only. The Fund seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of shares of the Portfolio to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below, subject to the Funds ability to monitor purchase, sale and exchange activity. Insurers utilizing omnibus account arrangements may not identify to the Fund, ABI or AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (ABIS) Contractholders transaction activity relating to shares of the Portfolio on an individual basis. Consequently, the Fund, ABI and ABIS may not be able to detect excessive or short-term trading in shares of the Portfolio attributable to a particular Contractholder who effects purchase and redemption and/or exchange activity in shares of the Portfolio through an Insurer acting in an omnibus capacity. In seeking to prevent excessive or short-term trading in shares of the Portfolio, including the maintenance of any transaction surveillance or account blocking procedures, the Fund, ABI and ABIS consider the information actually available to them at the time. The Fund reserves the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice.
| Transaction Surveillance Procedures. The Portfolio, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Portfolio shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing each individual Insurers omnibus transaction activity in Portfolio shares in order to seek to ascertain whether any such activity attributable to one or more Contractholders might constitute excessive or short-term trading. Insurers omnibus transaction activity identified by these surveillance procedures, or as a result of any other information actually available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might indicate excessive or short-term trading activity attributable to one or more |
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Contractholders. These surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances. |
| Account Blocking Procedures. If the Fund determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the relevant Insurers omnibus account(s) will be immediately blocked and no future purchase or exchange activity will be permitted, except to the extent the Fund, ABI or ABIS has been informed in writing that the terms and conditions of a particular contract may limit the Funds ability to apply its short-term trading policy to Contractholder activity as discussed below. As a result, any Contractholder seeking to engage through an Insurer in purchase or exchange activity in shares of the Portfolio under a particular contract will be prevented from doing so. However, sales of Portfolio shares back to the Portfolio or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Portfolios current prospectus. In the event an account is blocked, certain account-related privileges, such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone, may also be suspended. As a result, unless the Contractholder redeems his or her shares, the Contractholder effectively may be locked into an investment in shares of the Portfolio that the Contractholder did not intend to hold on a long-term basis or that may not be appropriate for the Contractholders risk profile. To rectify this situation, a Contractholder with a blocked account may be forced to redeem Portfolio shares, which could be costly if, for example, these shares have declined in value. To avoid this risk, a Contractholder should carefully monitor the purchases, sales, and exchanges of Portfolio shares and avoid frequent trading in Portfolio shares. An Insurers omnibus account that is blocked will generally remain blocked unless and until the Insurer provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Fund that one or more Contractholders did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading. |
| Applications of Surveillance Procedures and Restrictions to Omnibus Accounts. The Portfolio applies its surveillance procedures to Insurers. As required by SEC rules, the Portfolio has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Portfolio, upon the request of the Portfolio or its agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Portfolio detects excessive trading through its monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, Insurers will also execute instructions from the Portfolio to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and exchanges of Portfolio shares. |
HOW THE PORTFOLIO VALUES ITS SHARES
The Portfolios NAV is calculated on any day the Exchange is open at the close of regular trading (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading). To calculate NAV, the Portfolios assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding. If the Portfolio invests in securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Portfolio does not price its shares, the NAV of the Portfolios shares may change on days when Contractholders will not be able to purchase or redeem their shares in the Portfolio.
The Portfolio values its securities at market value determined on the basis of market quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures approved by the Portfolios Board. Pursuant to these procedures, the Adviser, as the Portfolios valuation designee pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, is responsible for making all fair value determinations relating to the Portfolios portfolio investments, subject to oversight by the Portfolios Board. When making a fair value determination, the Adviser may take into account any factors it deems appropriate. The Portfolio may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Portfolio to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Making a fair value determination involves subjective judgments, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
The Portfolio expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges under certain circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security, or for securities for which market quotations are not readily available or deemed unreliable (including restricted securities). The Portfolio uses fair value pricing routinely for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Portfolio ordinarily values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim. Factors considered in fair value pricing may include, but are not limited to, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, levels of publicly available benchmarks, prices of futures contracts or comparable securities, or information obtained by analysis of the issuers financial statements. Because most fixed-income securities are not traded on exchanges, they are primarily valued using fair value prices provided by independent pricing services when the valuation designee reasonably believes that such prices reflect the fair value of the instruments.
The Adviser has established a valuation committee of senior officers and employees of the Adviser (Valuation Committee) to fulfill the Advisers responsibilities as the Portfolios valuation designee, which operates under the policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Portfolios assets on behalf of the Portfolio. The Valuation Committee values Portfolio assets as described above. More information about the valuation of the Portfolios assets is available in the Portfolios SAI.
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INVESTMENT ADVISER
The Portfolios adviser is AllianceBernstein L.P., 501 Commerce Street, Nashville, TN 37203. The Adviser, which is a controlled indirect subsidiary of Equitable Holdings, Inc., is a leading global investment adviser managing client accounts with assets as of December 31, 2024, totaling approximately $792 billion (of which over $151 billion represented assets of registered investment companies sponsored by the Adviser). As of December 31, 2024, the Adviser managed retirement assets for many of the largest public and private employee benefit plans (including 14 of the nations FORTUNE 100 companies), for public employee retirement funds in 32 of the 50 states, for investment companies, and for foundations, endowments, banks and insurance companies worldwide. The 28 registered investment companies managed by the Adviser, comprising approximately 96 separate investment portfolios, had as of December 31, 2024 approximately 2.4 million retail accounts.
The Adviser provides investment advisory services and order placement facilities for the Portfolio. For these advisory services, the Portfolio paid the Adviser for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 as a percentage of average daily net assets .70%.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards most recent approval of the Portfolios investment advisory agreement is available in the Portfolios Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
The Adviser acts as an investment adviser to other persons, firms, or corporations, including investment companies, hedge funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors. The Adviser may receive management fees, including performance fees that may be higher or lower than the advisory fees it receives from the Portfolio. Certain other clients of the Adviser have investment objectives and policies similar to those of the Portfolio. The Adviser may, from time to time, make recommendations that result in the purchase or sale of a particular security by its other clients simultaneously with the Portfolio. If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price or quantity. It is the policy of the Adviser to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Adviser to the accounts involved, including the Portfolio. When two or more of the clients of the Adviser (including the Portfolio) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day from the same broker or dealer, such transactions are averaged as to price. The securities are then allocated to participating accounts using automated algorithms designed to achieve a fair, equitable and objective distribution of the securities over time.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The day-to-day management of, and investment decisions for, the Portfolio are made by the Advisers Dynamic Asset Allocation Team. No one person is principally responsible for making recommendations for the Portfolios portfolio.
The following table lists the persons with the responsibility for day-to-day management of the Portfolios portfolio, the length of time that each person has been jointly and primarily responsible for the Portfolio, and each persons principal occupation during the past five years:
Employee; Length of Service; Title | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five (5) Years | |
Caglasu Altunkopru; since 2021; Senior Vice President of the Adviser | Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with which she has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to her current position since prior to 2020. She is also Head of Macro Strategy-Multi-Asset Solutions. | |
Alexander Barenboym; since 2021; Senior Vice President of the Adviser | Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2020. | |
Vinod Chathlani; since February 2025; Senior Vice President of the Adviser | Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2020. | |
Daniel J. Loewy; since 2011; Senior Vice President of the Adviser | Senior Vice President of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2020. |
The Portfolios SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers ownership of securities in the Portfolio.
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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Portfolio declares dividends on its shares at least annually. The income and capital gains distributions will be made in shares of the Portfolio.
See the prospectus of the separate account of the Insurer for federal income tax information.
Investment income received by the Portfolio from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. Provided that certain requirements are met, the Portfolio may pass-through to its Contractholders credits or deductions to foreign income taxes paid. Non-U.S. investors may not be able to credit or deduct such foreign taxes.
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Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations, or NRSROs, are credit rating agencies registered with the SEC. NRSROs assess the creditworthiness of an obligor as an entity or with respect to specific securities or money market instruments. A list of credit rating agencies currently registered as NRSROs can be found on the SECs website (http://www.sec.gov).
The Bloomberg U.S. Treasury Index represents the performance of U.S. Treasuries within the U.S. Government fixed-income market.
MSCI World Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure developed-market equity performance throughout the world.
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The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Portfolios financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of a class of the Portfolio. The total returns in the table represent the rate that a Contractholder would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Portfolio (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The total returns in the table do not take into account separate account charges. If separate account charges were included, a Contractholders return would have been lower. This information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Portfolio, whose report, along with the Portfolios financial statements, are included in the Portfolios Form N-CSR for its most recent fiscal year, which was filed with the SEC and is available upon request.
AB VPS Dynamic Asset Allocation Portfolio
CLASS A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$8.95 | $ | 7.94 | $ | 14.94 | $ | 13.89 | $ | 13.46 | |||||||||||
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Income From Investment Operations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a)(b) |
.13 | .12 | .12 | .14 | .15 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment and foreign currency transactions |
.82 | .96 | (2.57 | ) | 1.20 | .51 | ||||||||||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in net asset value from operations |
.95 | 1.08 | (2.45 | ) | 1.34 | .66 | ||||||||||||||
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Less: Dividends and Distributions | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends from net investment income |
(.13 | ) | (.07 | ) | (.38 | ) | (.29 | ) | (.23 | ) | ||||||||||
Distributions from net realized gain on investment transactions |
0 | 0 | (4.17 | ) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total dividends and distributions |
(.13 | ) | (.07 | ) | (4.55 | ) | (.29 | ) | (.23 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 9.77 | $ | 8.95 | $ | 7.94 | $ | 14.94 | $ | 13.89 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total Return | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investment return based on net asset value(c) |
10.65 | % | 13.70 | % | (18.45 | )% | 9.67 | % | 5.02 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000s omitted) |
$ | 189 | $ | 226 | $ | 231 | $ | 412 | $ | 364 | ||||||||||
Ratio to average net assets of: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, net of waivers/reimbursements(d) |
.85 | % | .85 | % | .84 | % | .82 | % | .80 | % | ||||||||||
Expenses, before waivers/reimbursements(d) |
.88 | % | .93 | % | .91 | % | .83 | % | .80 | % | ||||||||||
Net investment income(b) |
1.41 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.10 | % | .98 | % | 1.18 | % | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate |
11 | % | 12 | % | 16 | % | 32 | % | 13 | % | ||||||||||
Expense ratios exclude the estimated acquired fund fees of the affiliated/unaffiliated underlying portfolios |
.00 | % | .00 | % | .01 | % | .01 | % | .01 | % |
(a) | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Net of expenses waived/reimbursed by the Adviser. |
(c) | Total investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, and redemption on the last day of the period. Total investment return does not reflect (i) insurance companys separate account related expense charges and (ii) the deductions of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Portfolio distributions or the redemption of Portfolio shares. Total investment return calculated for a period of less than one year is not annualized. |
(d) | In connection with the Portfolios investments in affiliated underlying portfolios, the Portfolio incurs no direct expenses, but bears proportionate shares of the fees and expenses (i.e., operating, administrative and investment advisory fees) of the affiliated underlying portfolios. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees from the Portfolio in an amount equal to the Portfolios pro rata share of certain acquired fund fees and expenses, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, such waiver amounted to .01%. |
26
BOND RATINGS
The following is a summary of published ratings by certain NRSROs. The Adviser generally uses ratings issued by such NRSROs but may rely on ratings from other NRSROs, depending on the security in question. The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable future conditions. While NRSROs may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so. NRSROs may also fail to change credit ratings to reflect subsequent events on a timely basis.
Moodys Ratings
AaaObligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
AaObligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
AObligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium-grade and are subject to low credit risk.
BaaObligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
BaObligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
BObligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
CaaObligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
CaObligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
CObligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
NoteMoodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
S&P Global Ratings
AAAAn obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AAAn obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
AAn obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBBAn obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, CObligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC or C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BBAn obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BAn obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCCAn obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCAn obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
CAn obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
A-1
DAn obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Plus (+) or Minus (-)Ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
NRNR indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
Fitch Ratings
AAAAAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AAAA ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
AA ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBBBBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BBBB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
BB ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCCCCC ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CCCC ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
CC indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations are typically rated in the CCC to C rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Morningstar DBRS
AAAHighest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
AASuperior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from AAA only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
AGood credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
BBBAdequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
BBSpeculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
BHighly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
CCC, CC and CVery highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place, but is considered inevitable, may be rated in the C category.
DWhen the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. Morningstar DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a distressed exchange.
All rating categories from AA to CCC contain the subcategories (high) and (low). The absence of either a (high) or (low) designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category.
Kroll Bond Rating Agency (KBRA)
AAADetermined to have almost no risk of loss due to credit-related events. Assigned only to the very highest quality obligors and obligations able to survive extremely challenging economic events.
AADetermined to have minimal risk of loss due to credit-related events. Such obligors and obligations are deemed very high quality.
ADetermined to be of high quality with a small risk of loss due to credit-related events. Issuers and obligations in this category are expected to weather difficult times with low credit losses.
A-2
BBBDetermined to be of medium quality with some risk of loss due to credit-related events. Such issuers and obligations may experience credit losses during stressed environments.
BBDetermined to be of low quality with moderate risk of loss due to credit-related events. Such issuers and obligations have fundamental weaknesses that create moderate credit risk.
BDetermined to be of very low quality with high risk of loss due to credit-related events. These issuers and obligations contain many fundamental shortcomings that create significant credit risk.
CCCDetermined to be at substantial risk of loss due to credit-related events, near default, or in default with high recovery expectations.
CCDetermined to be near default or in default with average recovery expectations.
CDetermined to be near default or in default with low recovery expectations.
DKBRA defines default as occurring if: (1) there is a missed interest payment, principal payment, or preferred dividend payment, as applicable, on a rated obligation which is unlikely to be recovered; (2) the rated entity files for protection from creditors, is placed into receivership, or is closed by regulators such that a missed payment is likely to result; (3) the rated entity seeks and completes a distressed exchange, where existing rated obligations are replaced by new obligations with a diminished economic value.
KBRA may append - or + modifiers to ratings in categories AA through CCC to indicate, respectively, upper and lower risk levels within the broader category.
A-3
Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following supplemental hypothetical investment information provides additional information calculated and presented in a manner different from expense information found under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in the Summary Information at the beginning of this Prospectus about the effect of the Portfolios expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Portfolio costs, on the Portfolios returns over a 10-year period. The chart shows the estimated expenses that would be charged on a hypothetical investment of $10,000 in Class A shares of the Portfolio assuming a 5% return each year. Except as otherwise indicated, the chart also assumes that the current annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period. The current annual expense ratio for the Portfolio is the same as stated under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio. There are additional fees and expenses associated with variable products. These fees can include mortality and expense risk charges, administrative charges, and other charges that can significantly affect expenses. These fees and expenses are not reflected in the following expense information. Your actual expenses may be higher or lower.
AB VPS Dynamic Asset Allocation Portfolio
Year | Hypothetical Investment |
Hypothetical Performance Earnings |
Investment After Returns |
Hypothetical Expenses* |
Hypothetical Ending Investment | ||||||||||||||||||||
1 |
$ | 10,000.00 | $ | 500.00 | $ | 10,500.00 | $ | 89.25 | $ | 10,410.75 | |||||||||||||||
2 |
10,410.75 | 520.54 | 10,931.29 | 96.20 | 10,835.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||
3 |
10,835.09 | 541.75 | 11,376.84 | 100.12 | 11,276.72 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4 |
11,276.72 | 563.84 | 11,840.56 | 104.20 | 11,736.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||
5 |
11,736.36 | 586.82 | 12,323.18 | 108.44 | 12,214.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||
6 |
12,214.74 | 610.74 | 12,825.48 | 112.86 | 12,712.62 | ||||||||||||||||||||
7 |
12,712.62 | 635.63 | 13,348.25 | 117.46 | 13,230.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||
8 |
13,230.79 | 661.54 | 13,892.33 | 122.25 | 13,770.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||
9 |
13,770.08 | 688.50 | 14,458.58 | 127.24 | 14,331.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||
10 |
14,331.34 | 716.57 | 15,047.91 | 132.42 | 14,915.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative |
$ | 6,025.93 | $ | 1,110.44 |
* | Expenses are net of any applicable fee waivers and expense reimbursements by the Adviser in the first year. Thereafter, the expense ratio reflects the Portfolios operating expenses as reflected under Fee and Expenses of the Portfolio before the waiver and expense reimbursement in the Summary information at the beginning of this Prospectus. |
B-1
For more information about the Portfolio, the following documents are available upon request:
| ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONTRACTHOLDERS AND FORM N-CSR FILINGS |
The Portfolios annual and semi-annual reports to Contractholders and filings on Form N-CSR contain additional information on the Portfolios investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolios performance during its last fiscal year. In the Portfolios filings on Form N-CSR, you will find the Portfolios annual and semi-annual financial statements.
| STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) |
The Portfolio has an SAI, which contains more detailed information about the Portfolio, including its operations and investment policies. The Portfolios SAI and the independent registered public accounting firms report and financial statements in the Portfolios Form N-CSR for its most recent fiscal year are incorporated by reference into (and are legally part of) this Prospectus.
You may request a free copy of the current annual/semi-annual report, the SAI or other information such as Portfolio financial statements, or make inquiries concerning the Portfolio, by contacting your broker or other financial intermediary, or by contacting the Adviser:
By Mail: | AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 | |
By Phone: | For Information: (800) 221-5672 For Literature: (800) 227-4618 |
You may also view reports and other information about the Portfolio, including the SAI, by visiting the EDGAR database on the Securities and Exchange Commissions website (http://www.sec.gov). Copies of this information can be obtained, for a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
You also may find these documents and more information about the Adviser and the Portfolio on the Internet at: www.abfunds.com.
The [A/B] Logo is a service mark of AllianceBernstein and AllianceBernstein® is a registered trademark used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
SEC File No. 811-05398