including declining interest rates, changes
in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer’s credit quality. If an issuer calls a security that the Fund has invested in, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or may not
realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable
features
Credit Risk: the risk that the Fund could experience losses if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, or the counterparty to a derivative contract, or the issuer or
guarantor of collateral, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to meet its financial
obligations
High Yield Risk: the risk that high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as “junk bonds”) are subject to greater
levels of market, credit, call and liquidity risks. High yield securities are considered primarily speculative by rating agencies with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and
their values may be more volatile than higher-rated securities of similar maturity
Distressed Company Risk: the risk that securities of distressed companies may be subject to greater levels of market, credit, issuer
and liquidity risks. Distressed companies may be engaged in restructurings or bankruptcy
proceedings, which may cause the value of their securities to fluctuate rapidly or unpredictably
Market Risk: the risk that the value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting securities markets generally
or particular industries
Issuer Risk: the risk that the value of a security may decline for reasons related to the issuer, such as management performance, changes in financial condition or credit rating,
financial leverage, reputation or reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services
Liquidity Risk: the risk that a particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell and that the Fund may be unable to sell investments at an advantageous time or price or
achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income
securities, and may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from fixed income funds may be higher than normal, causing increased supply in the market due to
selling activity
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments (such as forwards, futures, options, swaps and structured securities) and other similar investments, including
leverage, liquidity, interest rate, market, counterparty (including credit), operational, legal and management risks, and valuation complexity. Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar investment may not
correlate perfectly with, and may be more sensitive to market events than, the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the initial amount invested. Changes in the value of a derivative or
other similar instrument may
also create margin delivery or settlement payment obligations for the Fund. The Fund’s use of
derivatives or other similar investments may result in losses to the Fund, a reduction in the Fund’s returns and/or increased volatility. Non-centrally-cleared over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives or other similar
investments are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative
transactions might not be available for non-centrally cleared OTC derivatives or other similar investments. The primary credit risk on derivatives or other similar investments that are exchange-traded or traded through a
central clearing counterparty resides with the Fund's clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a registered fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially
limit or impact the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives or other similar investments and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives or other similar
investments and the Fund’s performance
Futures Contract Risk: the risk that, while the value of a futures contract tends to correlate with the value of the underlying asset
that it represents, differences between the futures market and the market for the underlying
asset may result in an imperfect correlation. Futures contracts may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the underlying assets. The purchase or sale of a futures contract
may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract
Model Risk: the risk that a Fund’s investment models used in making investment allocation decisions, and the
indexation or quantitative methodologies used in constructing an underlying index or model
portfolio for a Fund that seeks to track the investment results of such underlying index or model
portfolio, may not adequately take into account certain factors, may contain design flaws or faulty assumptions, and may rely on incomplete or inaccurate data inputs, any of which may result in a decline in the value of an
investment in the Fund. The performance of the investment models may be impacted by software or
other technology malfunctions, human error, programming inaccuracies, power loss, and other
events or circumstances, which may be difficult to detect and may be beyond the control of the Fund
Commodity Risk: the risk that investing in commodity-linked derivative instruments and commodities, either directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, may subject
the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-linked derivative instruments or commodities may be affected by changes in overall market movements, foreign
currency exchange rates, commodity index volatility, changes in inflation, interest rates, or supply and demand factors affecting a particular industry or commodity market, such as drought, floods, weather,
livestock disease, pandemics and public health emergencies, embargoes, taxation, war, terrorism, cyber hacking, economic and political developments, environmental proceedings, tariffs, changes in storage costs,
availability of transportation systems, and international economic, political and regulatory
developments. Investments in commodities can also present