change in interest rates; a fund with a
longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. Factors such as government policy, inflation, the economy, and market for
bonds can impact interest rates and yields
Call Risk: the risk that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a
call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons
including declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the
issuer’s credit quality. If an issuer calls a security that the Fund has invested in, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or may not realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be
forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features
Credit Risk: the risk that the Fund could experience losses if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, or the
counterparty to a derivative contract, or the issuer or guarantor of collateral, is unable or
unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or
otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to meet its financial obligations
High Yield Risk: the risk that high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as
“junk bonds”) are subject to greater levels of market, credit, call and liquidity risks. High yield securities are considered primarily speculative by rating agencies with respect to the
issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and their values may be more volatile than higher-rated securities of similar maturity
Market Risk: the risk that the value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably,
due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries
Issuer Risk: the risk that the value of a security may decline for reasons related to the issuer, such as management
performance, changes in financial condition or credit rating, financial leverage, reputation or
reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services
Liquidity Risk: the risk that a particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell and that the Fund may be unable to
sell investments at an advantageous time or price or achieve its desired level of exposure to a
certain sector. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities, and may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or
other circumstances where investor redemptions from fixed income funds may be higher than normal,
causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity
Derivatives Risk: the risk of investing in derivative instruments (such as forwards, futures, options, swaps and structured
securities) and other similar investments, including leverage, liquidity, interest rate, market,
counterparty (including credit), operational, legal and management risks, and valuation
complexity. Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar investment may not correlate perfectly with, and may be
more sensitive to market events than, the
underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the initial amount invested.
Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar instrument may also create margin delivery
or settlement payment obligations for the Fund. The Fund’s use of derivatives or other similar investments may result in losses to the Fund, a reduction in the Fund’s returns and/or increased volatility.
Non-centrally-cleared over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives or other similar investments are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of
the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for
non-centrally cleared OTC derivatives or other similar investments. The primary credit risk on
derivatives or other similar investments that are exchange-traded or traded through a central clearing counterparty resides with the Fund's clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a registered
fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact the Fund’s ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives or other
similar investments and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives or other similar investments and the Fund’s performance
Equity Risk: the risk that the value of equity or equity-related securities, such as common stocks and preferred
securities, may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a
particular company or to factors affecting a particular industry or industries. Equity or
equity-related securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. In addition, preferred securities may be subject to greater credit risk or other risks, such as risks related to deferred and omitted
distributions, limited voting rights, liquidity, interest rates, regulatory changes and special redemption rights
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk: the risks of investing in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, including interest rate risk, extension risk, prepayment risk and credit risk. The Fund may invest in any
tranche of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, including junior and/or equity tranches (to the extent consistent with the Fund’s guidelines), which generally carry higher levels of the foregoing
risks
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk: the risk that investing in foreign (non-U.S.) securities may result in the Fund experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than
a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies, due to smaller markets, differing
reporting, accounting, corporate governance and auditing standards, increased risk of delayed
settlement of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates of portfolio securities, and the risk of unfavorable U.S. or foreign government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency
blockage, political changes, diplomatic developments, trade restrictions (including tariffs) or the imposition of sanctions and other similar measures. Foreign securities may also be less liquid and more difficult to value
than securities of U.S. issuers