issuer may adversely affect the tax-exempt
status of municipal obligations. Loss of tax-exempt status may result in a significant decline in
the values of such municipal obligations.
Municipal obligations may be
more susceptible to downgrades or defaults during recessions or similar periods of economic
stress. In addition, since some municipal obligations may be secured or guaranteed by banks and
other institutions, the risk to the Fund could increase if the banking or financial sector
suffers an economic downturn and/or if the credit ratings of the institutions issuing the
guarantee are downgraded or at risk of being downgraded by a national rating organization. Such a
downward revision or risk of being downgraded may have an adverse effect on the market prices of
the bonds and thus the value of the Fund’s investments.
In addition to being downgraded, an insolvent municipality may file for
bankruptcy. The reorganization of a municipality’s debts may significantly affect the rights of creditors and the value of the securities issued by the municipality and the value of the Fund’s investments. While interest earned
on municipal obligations is generally not subject to federal income tax, any interest earned on
taxable municipal obligations is fully taxable at the federal level and may be subject to state and/or local income tax.
Credit Risk. The Fund’s investments are subject to the risk that issuers and/or counterparties will fail to make payments when due or default completely. Prices of the
Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if any of the issuers or counterparties it is
invested in are subject to an actual or perceived deterioration in their credit quality. Credit
spreads may increase, which may reduce the market values of the Fund’s securities. Credit spread risk is the risk that economic and market conditions or any actual or perceived credit deterioration may lead
to an increase in the credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between two securities of
similar maturity but different credit quality) and a decline in price of the issuer’s securities.
Alternative Minimum Tax Risk. The Fund may invest in securities, the interest on which may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, including certain municipal housing authority obligations,
differ from conventional debt securities and are subject to certain additional risks because
principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. The value of these securities will be influenced by the factors affecting the housing market and the assets underlying such securities. As
a result, during periods of declining asset values, difficult or frozen credit markets,
significant changes in interest rates, or deteriorating economic conditions, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may decline in value, face valuation difficulties, become more volatile and/or become illiquid.
These securities are also subject to prepayment and call risk. In periods of either rising or
declining interest rates, the Fund may be subject to contraction risk which is the risk that borrowers will increase the rate at which they prepay the maturity value of mortgages and other obligations. When mortgages and other
obligations are prepaid and when securities are called, the Fund may have to reinvest in
securities with a lower yield or fail to recover additional amounts (i.e., premiums) paid for securities with higher interest rates, resulting in an unexpected capital loss and/or a decrease in the amount of dividend and
yield. In either
periods of rising or declining interest rates, the Fund may be subject to extension risk which is the risk that the expected maturity of an obligation will lengthen in
duration due to a decrease in prepayments. As a result, in certain interest rate environments,
the Fund may exhibit additional volatility. Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), interest-only (IOs) and principal-only (POs) stripped mortgage-backed securities are more volatile and may be subject to a higher risk
of non-payment than other mortgage related securities. Additionally, asset-backed,
mortgage-related and mortgage-backed securities are subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the assets underlying the securities and the servicing of those assets. Certain asset-backed,
mortgage-related and mortgage-backed securities may face valuation difficulties and may be less
liquid than other types of asset-backed, mortgage-related and mortgage-backed securities, or debt securities.
Debt Securities and Other Callable Securities Risk. As part of its main investment strategy, the Fund invests in debt securities. The issuers of these securities and other callable securities may be able to repay principal in advance,
especially when interest rates fall. Changes in prepayment rates can affect the return on
investment and yield of these securities. When debt obligations are prepaid and when securities
are called, the Fund may have to reinvest in securities with a lower yield. The Fund also may
fail to recover additional amounts (i.e., premiums) paid for securities with higher interest
rates, resulting in an unexpected capital loss.
Taxability Risk. There is no guarantee that all of the Fund’s income from municipal investments will remain exempt from federal or state or local income taxes. The
Fund’s investments in municipal securities rely on the opinion of the issuer’s bond
counsel that the interest paid on those securities will not be subject to federal income tax. Tax
opinions are generally provided at the time the municipal security is initially issued. However,
after the Fund buys a security, the Internal Revenue Service may determine that a bond issued as tax-exempt should in fact be taxable or there may be unfavorable changes in tax laws or noncompliant conduct of a securities
issuer that may cause income from all or certain municipal securities to be taxable. In order to
pay tax-exempt interest, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. If the
Fund fails to meet the requirements necessary to pay out exempt-interest dividends to its
shareholders, the income distributions resulting from all of its investments, including its municipal securities, may be subject to federal income tax when received by shareholders.
In addition, future laws, regulations, rulings or court decisions may cause interest on municipal securities
to be subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal income taxation or interest on state
municipal securities to be subject to state or local income taxation, or the value of state municipal securities to be subject to state or local intangible personal property tax, or may otherwise prevent the Fund from realizing
the full current benefit of the tax-exempt status of such securities. Any such change could also
affect the market price of such securities, and thus the value of an investment in the Fund.
High Yield Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in securities and instruments of municipal issuers that are highly leveraged, less creditworthy or financially distressed. These investments (also