a gain on an investment in a small- or
mid-cap company, if any gain is realized at all.
Value Investing Risk. Value investing entails the risk
that if the market does not recognize that a selected security is undervalued, the prices of that
security might not appreciate as anticipated. Value securities are subject to the risk that their valuations never improve or that the returns on value securities are less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market. Thus, the
value of a fund's investments will vary and, at times, may be lower than that of other types of investments. Value investing has gone in and out of favor during past market cycles and when value investing is out of favor or
when markets are unstable, value securities may underperform growth securities or the overall stock market.
Foreign Securities
Risk. Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. Foreign securities may have
relatively low market liquidity, greater market volatility, decreased publicly available information and less reliable financial information about issuers, and inconsistent and potentially less stringent accounting, auditing and
financial reporting requirements and standards of practice, including recordkeeping standards, comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Foreign securities also are subject to the risks of possible seizure,
expropriation, nationalization, political or social instability, changes in economic or taxation policies or other adverse political or economic developments (in which the Fund could lose its entire investments in a certain market) and the
difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries, including the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls. Investments in foreign securities also may be subject to dividend
withholding or confiscatory taxes, currency blockage and/or transfer restrictions and higher transactional costs. To the extent the Fund invests in securities denominated in foreign currencies, fluctuations in the value of the U.S.
dollar relative to the values of other currencies may adversely affect investments in foreign securities and may negatively impact the Fund’s returns, unless the Fund has hedged its foreign currency exposure. Currency
exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency hedging strategies, if used, may not always be successful. Foreign companies generally may be subject to less stringent regulations than U.S. companies,
including financial reporting requirements and auditing and accounting controls, and may therefore be more susceptible to fraud or corruption. There may be less public information available about foreign companies
than U.S. companies, making it difficult to evaluate those foreign companies. From time to time, certain companies in which the Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes
imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or in countries the U.S. government identified as state sponsors of terrorism. One or more of these companies may be subject to constraints under U.S. law or
regulations that could negatively affect the company’s performance. Additionally, one or more of these companies could suffer damage to its reputation if the market identifies it as a company that invests or deals with countries
that the U.S. government identifies as state sponsors of terrorism or is subject to sanctions.
Emerging Markets Investment Risk. Investments in the securities of issuers in emerging market countries involve risks often not associated with investments in the securities
of issuers in developed countries. Securities in emerging markets may be subject to greater price fluctuations than securities in more developed markets. Companies in emerging market countries generally may be subject to
less stringent regulatory, disclosure, financial reporting, accounting, auditing and recordkeeping standards than companies in more developed countries. In addition, information about such companies may be less available and
reliable. Emerging markets usually are subject to greater market volatility, political, social and economic instability, uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets and more governmental limitations on foreign investment
than are more developed markets. Securities law in many emerging market countries is relatively new
and unsettled. Therefore, laws regarding foreign investment in emerging market securities,
securities regulation, title to securities, and shareholder
rights may change quickly and unpredictably, and the ability to bring and enforce actions, or to obtain
information needed to pursue or enforce such actions, may be limited. In addition, the enforcement of systems of taxation at federal, regional and local levels in emerging market countries may be inconsistent and subject to sudden
change. Investments in emerging market securities may be subject to additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, unexpected market closures, and lack of timely information.
Preferred Securities Risk. There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities compared to those applicable
generally to equity securities. Preferred securities may be less liquid than many other
securities, such as common stocks, and generally offer no voting rights with respect to the
issuer. Preferred securities also may be subordinated to bonds or other debt instruments in an issuer’s capital structure, subjecting them to a greater risk of non-payment than more senior securities. Preferred securities may include provisions
that permit the issuer, in its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a certain period of time. If the Fund owns a security that is deferring or omitting its distributions, the Fund may be required to report the
distribution on its tax returns, even though it may not have received any income. Further, preferred securities may lose substantial value due to the omission or deferment of dividend payments.
Convertible Securities Risk. The market values of convertible securities are affected by market interest rates, the risk of actual issuer default on interest or principal
payments and the value of the underlying common stock into which the convertible security may be converted. Additionally, a convertible security is subject to the same types of market and issuer risks that apply to the
underlying common stock. In addition, certain convertible securities are subject to involuntary conversions and may undergo principal write-downs upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, and, as a result, are subject
to an increased risk of loss. Convertible securities may be rated below investment grade and therefore considered to have more speculative characteristics and greater susceptibility to default or decline in market value than
investment grade securities.
REIT Risk/Real
Estate Risk. Investments in real estate related instruments may be adversely affected by economic, legal, cultural, environmental or technological factors
that affect property values, rents or occupancies. Shares of real estate related companies, which tend to be small- and mid-cap companies, may be more volatile and less liquid than larger companies. If a real estate
related company defaults on certain types of debt obligations held by the Fund, the Fund may acquire real estate directly, which involves additional risks such as environmental liabilities; difficulty in valuing and selling
the real estate; and economic or regulatory changes.
Depositary Receipts Risk. Investing in
depositary receipts involves the same risks as direct investments in foreign securities. In addition, the underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts are under no obligation to distribute shareholder
communications or pass through any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities to the holders of such receipts. The Fund may therefore receive less timely information or have less control than if it invested directly in the
foreign issuer.
Derivatives Risk. The value of a derivative instrument depends largely on (and is derived from) the value of an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or
other asset (each referred to as an underlying asset). In addition to risks relating to the underlying assets, the use of derivatives may include other, possibly greater, risks, including counterparty, leverage and liquidity
risks. Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty to the derivative contract will default on its obligation to pay the Fund the amount owed or otherwise perform under the derivative contract. Derivatives create leverage risk
because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by holding a
position in the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset
could result in the Fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative or the anticipated value of the underlying asset, which may make the Fund’s