PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS. 

General Development of Business

Crawford United Corporation was founded in 1910 and organized in 1915 as an Ohio corporation, and first offered its securities to the public in 1959. Except as otherwise stated, the terms "Company" or "Crawford United" as used herein mean Crawford United Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CAD Enterprises Inc., Data Genomix LLC, Federal Hose Manufacturing LLC, Crawford AE LLC doing business as Air Enterprises, Marine Products International LLC, Komtek Forge LLC, Global-Tek-Manufacturing LLC, Global-Tek Colorado LLC, Emergency Hydraulics LLC, Knitting Machinery Company of America, LLC, Reverso Pumps LLC , Separ America LLC, Heany Industries, LLC, and Advanced Industrial Coatings, LLC. Crawford United Corporation is a growth-oriented holding company providing specialty industrial products to diverse markets, including healthcare, aerospace, defense, education, transportation, and petrochemical.

The Company reports operations for two business segments: (1) Commercial Air Handling Equipment and (2) Industrial and Transportation Products. The identification of our operating segments is based on guidance in ASC 280 “Segment Reporting”. The Company's management evaluates segment performance based primarily on operating income. Intangible assets are allocated to each segment and the related amortization of these assets are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. 

Both the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment and the Industrial and Transportation Products segment engage in business activities from which they may recognize revenues and incur expenses, including revenue and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the Company. The operating results for both the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment and the Industrial and Transportation Products segment are reviewed regularly by our chief operating decision maker and are considered in making decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment in assessing its performance. Financial information for both segments is available in internal financial statements that are prepared on a monthly basis.

Commercial Air Handling Equipment:

The Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment was added June 1, 2017, when the Company purchased certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Air Enterprises Acquisition LLC in Akron, Ohio. The acquired business, which operates under the name Air Enterprises, is an industry leader in designing, manufacturing and installing large-scale commercial, institutional, and industrial custom air handling solutions. Its customers are typically in the health care, education, pharmaceutical and industrial manufacturing markets in the United States. This segment also sells to select international markets. The custom air handling units are constructed of non-corrosive aluminum, resulting in sustainable, long-lasting, and energy efficient solutions with life expectancies of 50 years or more. These products are distributed through a network of sales representatives, based on relationships with health care networks, building contractors and engineering firms. The custom air handling equipment is designed, manufactured and installed under the brand names FactoryBilt® and SiteBilt®. FactoryBilt® air handling solutions are designed, fabricated and assembled in a vertically integrated process entirely within the Akron, Ohio facility. SiteBilt® air handling solutions are designed and fabricated in Akron, but are then crated and shipped to the field and assembled on-site.

Industrial and Transportation Products: 

The Industrial and Transportation Products segment was added July 1, 2016, when the Company purchased the assets of the Federal Hose Manufacturing, LLC of Painesville, Ohio. This business segment includes the manufacture of flexible interlocking metal hoses and the distribution of silicone and hydraulic hoses. Metal hoses are sold primarily to major heavy-duty truck manufacturers and major aftermarket suppliers in North America. Metal hoses are also sold into the agricultural, industrial and petrochemical markets. Silicone hoses are distributed to a number of industries in North America, including agriculture and general industrial markets. The Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of CAD Enterprises, Inc.(“CAD”) in Phoenix, Arizona on July 1, 2018. CAD provides complete end-to-end engineering, machining, grinding, welding, brazing, heat treat and assembly solutions. Utilizing state-of-the-art machining and welding technologies, this segment is an industry leader in providing complex components produced from nickel-based superalloys and stainless steels. CAD’s quality certifications include ISO 9001:2015/AS9100D, as well as Nadcap accreditation for Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI), Heat Treating/Braze, Non-Conventional Machining EDM, and TIG/E-Beam welding. The Company added the distribution of marine hose to this segment through the acquisition of the assets of MPI Products, Inc. (“MPI”) on January 2, 2020. MPI specializes in rubber and plastic marine hose for the recreational boating industry. MPI offers certified products that meet marine industry standards and regulations. Effective April 19, 2019, the Company, completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Data Genomix, Inc., an Ohio corporation (“DG”). DG is in the business of developing and commercializing marketing and data analytic technology applications. The Company purchased all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of KT Acquisition LLC (name later changed to Komtek Forge LLC), in Worcester, Massachusetts on January 15, 2021. Komtek Forge LLC is a supplier of highly engineered forgings for the aerospace, industrial gas turbine, medical prosthetics, alternative energy, petrochemical and defense industries. The Company purchased all of the membership interests of Global-Tek-Manufacturing LLC (“Global-Tek”), in Ceiba, Puerto Rico and substantially all of the assets of Machining Technology LLC (name later changed to Global-Tek Colorado LLC or “Global-Tek Colorado”) in Longmont, Colorado on March 2, 2021. Global-Tek and Global-Tek Colorado specialize in providing customers with highly engineered manufacturing solutions, including CNC machining, anodizing, electro polishing and laser marking for customers in the defense, aerospace and medical device markets. The Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Emergency Hydraulics LLC (“Emergency Hydraulics”), in Ocala, Florida on July 1, 2021. Emergency Hydraulics provides hydraulic hoses, air tank assemblies and related products to manufacturers of firefighting trucks and other emergency vehicles. The company purchased substantially all of the assets of Crawford REV Acquisition Company LLC (name later changed to Reverso Pumps LLC or “Reverso Pumps”), in Davie, Florida on January 10, 2022. Reverso Pumps develops, designs, manufactures, sells and distributes oil change systems, fuel and oil transfer pumps, fuel primers, fuel polishing systems and engine flushing systems.

The company purchased substantially all of the assets of Crawford SEP Acquisition Company LLC (name later changed to Separ America LLC or “Separ America”), in Davie, Florida on January 10, 2022. Separ America develops, designs, manufactures, sells and distributes oil change systems, fuel and oil transfer pumps, fuel primers, fuel polishing systems and engine flushing systems. The company purchased substantially all of the assets of KMC Corp. dba Knitting Machinery Corp. (“Knitting Machinery”), in Cleveland, Ohio and Greenville, Ohio on May 1, 2022. Knitting Machinery specializes in manufacturing hose reinforcement machinery for the plastic, rubber and silicone industries. The Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Heany Industries, Inc ("Heany") in Scottsville, New York on January 2, 2024. Heany is a specialist in coatings solutions for a variety of aerospace, industrial and bio-medical applications. The Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Advanced Industrial Coatings, Inc ("AIC") in Stockton, California on August 30, 2024. AIC is a specialist in fluoropolymers and other high-performance coatings solutions for the aerospace, semiconductor, medical, energy and other industrial sectors.

The factors used to determine the Company’s reportable segments follow the guidance of ASC 280-10-50-21 and 280-10-50-22 and include consideration of the type of products or services delivered, the customers and end markets served, the appliable revenue recognition methodology and the length of time it takes to deliver products or services to customers. The Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment was identified as a reportable segment consisting of Air Enterprises, because Air Enterprises is strategically and operationally different from our other companies in several ways. First, Air Enterprises sells equipment to end customers and our other businesses that fall into the Industrial and Transportation Products segment sell products, components and coatings to end customers, not equipment. Second, the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment delivers custom air handling solutions to customers which is different than the Industrial and Transportation Products segment which delivers manufactured metal, silicone, hydraulic and marine hoses, complex engineered components and coatings, highly engineered forgings, highly engineered and machined parts and data analytic technology applications. Third, the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment serves customers primarily in the health care and education end markets while the Industrial and Transportation Products segment delivers products to customers in the heavy-duty truck manufacturing, agricultural, industrial, petrochemical, aerospace, defense, industrial gas turbine, medical prosthetics, alternative energy and emergency vehicle end markets. Fourth, the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment recognizes revenue primarily over time while the Industrial and Transportation Products segment recognizes revenue primarily at a point in time. Fifth, the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment manufactures custom air handling solutions for customers over a period of three to twenty-four months from the time the order is received to the time the air handling solution is delivered to the end customer as compared to the Industrial and Transportation Products segment which sells and delivers products to customers much more quickly, often within 30 days or less. For the reasons previously mentioned, Air Enterprises is strategically and operationally different than the other businesses owned by the Company and management finds it useful to include this business in the Commercial Air Handling Segment which is separate and distinct from all of our other businesses that reside in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment.

Corporate charges not allocated to the segments: 

Corporate charges not directly attributable to a segment are aggregated in the corresponding line item below.

Information by industry segment is set forth below: 

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials 

Raw materials essential to the business segments are acquired primarily from a large number of domestic manufacturers, while certain materials are purchased from international sources. The Company maintains relationships with multiple vendors throughout the supply chain in the interest of cost control, competitive lead times and non-dependency.

The Industrial and Transportation products segment uses various materials in the manufacture of its products. These include forgings and castings, steel fittings and hose packing consisting of silicone, cotton and copper wire, and coating products. Seven suppliers provide approximately 29% of inventory purchases in this segment. If any one of these sources of supply were interrupted for any reason, the Company would need to devote additional time and potentially expense in obtaining the same volume of supply from its other qualified sources.

Aluminum, the major raw material used in construction of the Commercial Air Handling units, is sourced from two major suppliers but is generally readily available from other sources. Copper is another key component used in the Commercial Air Handling products, which is sourced from three suppliers to limit vulnerability. The majority of materials for this segment are sourced domestically or from Canada.

The Company believes it has adequate sources of supply for its primary raw materials and components and has not had difficulty in obtaining the raw materials, component parts or finished goods from its suppliers.

Importance of Patents, Licenses, Franchises, Trademarks and Concessions 

The Company’s Data Genomix LLC subsidiary holds a patent on technology used to facilitate highly targeted advertising to identified audience members across social media channels. Other than the names “Federal Hose”, “Marine Products International”, “CAD Enterprises”, “Global-Tek”, “Komtek Forge”, “Reverso Pumps”, "Separ Filter", "Emergency Hydraulics", "Knitting Machinery Company", "Data Genomix", and “Air Enterprises” and the FactoryBilt® and SiteBilt® registered trademarks, the Company does not have any material licenses, franchises or concessions.

Seasonality 

In light of the markets served by its products, the Company does not believe that its Commercial Air Handling segment nor its Industrial and Transportation Products segment businesses are seasonal in nature.

Dependence on Customers 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, sales to nine customers in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment were 26.9% of consolidated sales of the Company, while sales to nine customers in the Industrial and Transportation products segment accounted for 21.3% of consolidated sales of the Company. For the year ended December 31, 2023, sales to nine customers in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment were 18.9% of consolidated sales of the Company, while sales to nine customers in the Industrial and Transportation products segment accounted for 23.2% of consolidated sales of the Company. The Company has long-term contractual relationships with a large customer in the Industrial and Transportation products segment. Sales to this large customer for the year ended December 31, 2024 were 10.8% of consolidated sales of the Company compared to 10% of consolidated sales of the Company in prior year.

Competitive Conditions

The Company is engaged in highly competitive industries and faces competition from domestic and international firms. Competition in the Industrial and Transportation products segment comes domestically and internationally. The Company believes that it has a strong competitive position due to its expertise, certifications, long term customer contracts, and reputation for excellent quality. Competition in the Commercial Air Handling segment comes from both custom and non-custom air handling solution manufacturers. The Company believes that it has a strong competitive position due to the high quality and long life of the Company’s customized aluminum air handling solutions.

Number of Persons Employed 

Total employment by the Company was 475 full-time employees at December 31, 2024, compared to 405 full-time employees at December 31, 2023.

Available Information

The Company's Internet address is http://www.crawfordunited.com/. Crawford United makes available free of charge on or through its website its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy and information statements and amendments and supplements to those reports and statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such materials with, or furnishes them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains these documents at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other documents we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material, but are not the only risks and uncertainties facing us. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies, such as market conditions, economic conditions, geopolitical events, changes in laws, regulations or accounting rules, fluctuations in interest rates, terrorism, wars or conflicts, major health concerns, natural disasters or other disruptions of expected business conditions. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may impair our business, including our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Company Risk Factors

Conditions in the global economy, the particular markets we serve and the financial markets may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We may experience substantial increases and decreases in business volume throughout economic cycles. Industries we serve, including the aerospace, defense, healthcare, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, education, pharmaceutical, industrial manufacturing, agricultural, marine, coatings, and petrochemical industries are sensitive to general economic conditions. Slower global economic growth or an economic recession, inflationary economic conditions, volatility in the currency and credit markets, high levels of unemployment or underemployment, reduced levels of capital expenditures, changes or anticipation of potential changes in government trade, fiscal, tax and monetary policies, public health crises, capital deficiencies and/or changes in capital requirements for financial institutions, government deficit reduction and budget negotiation dynamics, sequestration, austerity measures and other challenges that affect the global economy may adversely affect us and our distributors, customers and suppliers, including having the effect of:

If growth in the global economy or in any of the markets we serve slows for a significant period, if there is significant deterioration in the global economy or such markets or if improvements in the global economy do not benefit the markets we serve, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.

Significant developments or uncertainties stemming from U.S. laws and policies, including changes in U.S. trade policies, tariffs and the reaction of other countries thereto, could have an adverse effect on our business.

Changes, potential changes or uncertainties in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, and development and investment in the territories and countries where we or our customers operate, could adversely affect our business and financial results. For example, increases in tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States, and substantial changes to the trade agreements, have adversely affected, and in the future could further adversely affect, our business and results of operations. Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions on products and materials that we or our customers and suppliers export or import could affect demand for our products. Direct or indirect consequences of tariffs, retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions may also alter the competitive landscape of our products in one or more regions of the world. Trade tensions or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Trump administration and newly elected Congress and appointed agency chairs may seek sweeping regulatory changes. Further, the Trump administration has taken several executive actions and issued a number of executive orders in connection with, among other areas, energy production, trade, immigration and administrative agencies. The effects of these executive actions and executive orders, as well as any tandem regulatory changes pursued by the Trump administration and its appointees, are highly uncertain and may adversely impact our business.

As a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union governments, among others, have developed coordinated sanctions packages. As the military conflict in Ukraine continues, there can be no certainty regarding whether such governments or other governments will impose additional sanctions or other economic or military measures against Russia. The effects of any escalation or broadening of the armed conflicts in Ukraine or the Middle East, including attacks on shipping vessels in key shipping routes, are uncertain and could result in further economic sanctions or expanded war or military conflict. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, supply chain, suppliers or customers.

Decreased availability or increased costs of materials could increase our costs of producing our products.

We purchase raw materials, fabricated components, some finished goods and services from a variety of suppliers. Where appropriate, we employ contracts with our suppliers, both domestic and international. From time to time, however, the prices, availability, or quality of these materials fluctuate due to global market demands, import duties and tariffs, freight and labor availability and costs, economic conditions, or other conditions such as public health crises, which could impair our ability to procure necessary materials or increase the cost of these materials. Further, inflationary and other increases in costs of materials have occurred and may persist or recur from time to time. In addition, freight costs associated with shipping products and receiving materials are impacted by fluctuations in the cost of oil and gas, shipping capacity and labor shortages. A reduction in the supply, further increases in the cost or changes in quality of those materials could impact our ability to manufacture our products and could increase the cost of production, which could negatively impact our revenues and profitability.

Our growth could suffer if the markets into which we sell our products decline, do not grow as anticipated or experience cyclicality.

Our growth depends in part on the growth of the markets which we serve. Our quarterly sales and profits depend substantially on the volume and timing of orders received during the fiscal quarter, which are difficult to forecast. Any economic decline or lower than expected growth in our served markets could diminish demand for our products and services, which would adversely affect our financial results. Certain businesses of ours operate in industries that may experience seasonality or other periodic, cyclical downturns. Demand for our products is also sensitive to changes in customer order patterns, which may be affected by announced price changes, marketing, new product introductions, changes in distributor or customer inventory levels due to distributor or customer management thereof or other factors. Any of these factors could adversely affect our growth and results of operations in any given period.

Our revolving credit facility contains various covenants limiting the discretion of our management in operating our business, including requiring us to maintain a maximum fixed charge coverage ratio.

Our revolving credit facility contains various restrictive covenants and restrictions, including financial covenants that limit management’s discretion in operating our business. In particular, these instruments limit our ability to, among other things:

The revolving credit facility also requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.20 to 1.00. If we fail to comply with the restrictions in the revolving credit facility or any other current or future financing agreements, a default may allow the creditors under the relevant agreements to accelerate the related debts and to exercise their remedies under these agreements, which typically will include the right to declare the principal amount of that debt, together with accrued and unpaid interest, and other related amounts, immediately due and payable, to exercise any remedies the creditors may have to foreclose on assets that are subject to liens securing that debt, and to terminate any commitments they had made to supply further funds. The exercise of any default remedies by our creditors would have a material adverse effect on our ability to finance working capital needs and capital expenditures.

We are dependent on key customers.

We rely on several key customers. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 39.5% of our net sales. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 33% of our net sales. Due to competitive issues, we have lost key customers in the past and may again in the future. Customer orders are dependent upon their markets and may be subject to delays or cancellations. As a result of dependence on our key customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations if any of the following were to occur:

If any of our key customers become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payments we received in the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially forfeitable, which could adversely impact our results of operations.

Our acquisition of businesses could negatively impact our financial results.

As part of our business strategy, we acquire businesses. Acquisitions involve a number of financial, accounting, managerial, operational, legal, compliance and other risks and challenges, including the following, any of which could adversely affect our business and our financial results:

Future claims, litigation and regulatory actions could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to conduct our business.

While we strive to ensure that our products comply with applicable government regulatory standards and internal requirements and that our products perform effectively and safely, customers from time to time could claim that our products do not meet contractual requirements, and users could be harmed by use or misuse of our products. This could give rise to breach of contract, warranty or recall claims, or claims for negligence, product liability, strict liability, personal injury or property damage. Product liability insurance coverage may not be available or adequate in all circumstances. In addition, claims may arise related to patent infringement, environmental liabilities, distributor terminations, commercial contracts, antitrust or competition law, employment law and employee benefits issues and other regulatory matters. While we have in place processes and policies to mitigate these risks and to investigate and address such claims as they arise, we cannot predict the underlying costs to defend or resolve such claims.

Our business operations could be significantly disrupted by the loss of any members of our senior management team and segment leaders.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior management team and segment leaders. Our senior management team has extensive marketing, sales, manufacturing, finance and engineering experience, and we believe that the depth of our management team is instrumental to our continued success. The loss of any of our key managers in the future could significantly impede our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, financial plans, expansion of services, marketing and other objectives.

A significant disruption in, or breach in security of, our information technology systems or data could adversely affect our business, reputation and results of operations.

We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit and store electronic information (including sensitive data such as confidential business information and personally identifiable data relating to employees and customers), and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities (such as receiving and fulfilling orders, billing, collecting and making payments, shipping products and fulfilling contractual obligations). These systems may be damaged, disrupted or shut down due to attacks by computer hackers, computer viruses, ransomware, human error or malfeasance, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication or utility failures, catastrophes or other unforeseen events, and in any such circumstances our system redundancy and other disaster recovery planning may be ineffective or inadequate. Security breaches could result in the misappropriation, destruction or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or personal data belonging to us or to our employees, customers or suppliers. Our information technology systems may be exposed to computer viruses, malicious codes, unauthorized access and other cyber-attacks and we expect the sophistication and frequency of such attacks to continue to increase. Any of the attacks, breaches or other disruptions or damage described above could interrupt our operations or the operations of our customers, delay production and shipments, result in theft of our and our customers’ intellectual property and trade secrets, damage customer and employee relationships and our reputation or result in defective products, legal claims and proceedings, liability and penalties under privacy laws and increased costs for security and remediation, each of which could adversely affect our business, reputation and results of operations.

General Risk Factors

We are engaged in highly competitive industries and if we are unable to compete effectively, we may experience decreased demand and decreased market share.

Our businesses operate in industries that are highly competitive. In order to compete effectively, we must retain longstanding relationships with major customers and continue to grow our business by establishing relationships with new customers, continually developing new products to maintain and expand our brand recognition and position in various product categories and penetrating new markets, including high-growth markets. Our failure to compete effectively and/or pricing pressures resulting from competition may adversely impact our financial results.

Adverse credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to capital, cost of capital and ability to meet liquidity needs.

Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to access credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit to us in the future. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our business. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. Longer-term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of the uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs can be arranged. Such measures include deferring capital expenditures or other discretionary uses of cash. Overall, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets.

Our business is subject to a variety of domestic and international laws, rules, policies and other obligations regarding data protection.

The processing and storage of certain information is increasingly subject to privacy and data security regulations and many such regulations are country-specific. The interpretation and application of data protection laws in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere, including but not limited to the California Consumer Privacy Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), are uncertain, evolving and may be inconsistent among jurisdictions. Complying with these various laws may be difficult and could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. We may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information privacy and security measures, investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities and/or comply with regulatory requirements.

Changes in foreign, cultural, political and financial market conditions could impair the Company’s operations and financial performance.

The economies of foreign countries important to the Company’s operations could suffer slower economic growth or economic, social and/or political instability or hyperinflation in the future. The Company’s international operations, including sourcing operations (and the international operations of the Company’s customers), are subject to inherent risks which could adversely affect the Company, including, among other things:

The foregoing could create uncertainty surrounding the Company’s business and the business of existing and future customers and suppliers, which could increase the cost of some of the Company’s products, thereby reducing its margins. Further, the foregoing risks could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s ability to commercialize its products on a competitive basis in the international markets and may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company’s small sales volume in some countries, relative to some multinational and local competitors, could exacerbate such risks.

Should any of these risks occur, the Company’s ability to sell or export its products could be impaired; the Company could experience a loss of sales and profitability from its international operations; and/or the Company could experience a substantial impairment or loss of assets, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.

The military conflict in Ukraine has resulted in substantial economic sanctions by the U.S. and other countries against Russia including restrictions on selling or importing goods, services or technology in or from affected regions and travel bans and asset freezes impacting connected individuals and political, military, business and financial organizations in Russia. The effects of any escalation or broadening of the armed conflicts in Ukraine or the Middle East, including attacks on shipping vessels in key shipping routes, are uncertain and could result in further economic sanctions or expanded war or military conflict. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of these conflicts, which could include further sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates and financial markets, all of which could impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can impact our business.

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability or other adverse consequences to our business operations. As with many technological innovations, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could impact our business. We work with vendors that incorporate artificial intelligence tools into their offerings and the providers of these artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection and may inhibit our or our vendors’ ability to maintain an
adequate level of service and experience. If we, our vendors, or our third-party partners experience an actual or perceived breach or privacy or security incident because of the use of generative artificial intelligence, we may lose valuable intellectual property and confidential information and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information and adversely impact our business.

Unforeseen future events may negatively impact our economic condition.

Future events may occur that would adversely affect the reported value of our assets. Such events may include, but are not limited to, strategic decisions made in response to changes in economic and competitive conditions, the impact of the economic environment on our customer base, or a material adverse change in our relationship with significant customers. Such events may also include terrorist acts, conflicts, severe weather conditions and other natural or manmade disasters, including power outages, fires, explosions, cyber based attacks, epidemics or pandemics, and acts of God wherever located around the world. The potential for future such events, the national and international responses to such events or perceived threats to national security, and other actual or potential conflicts or wars, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Israel-Hamas conflict and ongoing instability in the Middle East, have created many economic and political uncertainties. Any of the foregoing events, or our inability to accurately forecast these events or mitigate the impact of these conditions on our business, could materially adversely affect us.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

The Company operates facilities in the United States of America and Puerto Rico. The following table provides information relative to our principal facilities as of December 31, 2024:

The Company's headquarters and executive offices are located in Cleveland, Ohio. The Company's Industrial and Transportation Products segment utilizes the Phoenix, Arizona; Worcester, Massachusetts; Longmont, Colorado; Ceiba, Puerto Rico; Painesville, Ohio; Eastlake, Ohio; Greenville, Ohio; Ocala, Florida; Davie, Florida; Scottsville, New York; and Stockton, California properties. The Company’s Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment utilizes the Akron, Ohio property.

We consider our facilities to be well-maintained and in good operating condition. We believe the quality and production capacity of our facilities is sufficient to maintain our competitive position for the foreseeable future and accommodate our anticipated growth in production.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. 

At the time of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K, there were no material legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. 

Not Applicable.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT. *

The following is a list of the executive officers of the Company. The executive officers are elected each year and serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.

Mr. Brian E. Powers was elected to the Company’s Board of Directors in February 2014. He was appointed Chief Executive Officer on September 1, 2016.

Mr. Jeffrey J. Salay became Chief Financial Officer on May 1, 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Salay served as Chief Accounting Officer for Diebold Nixdorf, Incorporated (NYSE: DBD), from July 2022 to May 2023 and served as Corporate Controller from November 2020 to July 2022. Prior to that, he was Senior Assurance Manager with Ernst & Young LLP from December 2014 to November 2020. Mr. Salay began his career with KPMG LLP and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant in Ohio.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. 

a) MARKET INFORMATION

The Company’s Class A Common Shares are traded on the OTC Pink Current Market under the symbol “CRAWA”. There is no market for the Company’s Class B Common Shares.

The following table sets forth the per share range of high and low bids for the Company’s Class A Common Shares for the periods indicated, as reported by the OTC Pink Current Market. These prices reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not represent actual transactions. Trading on the OTC Pink Current Market is limited and the prices quoted by brokers are not a reliable indication of the value of our Class A Common Shares.

b) HOLDERS 

As of February 25, 2025, there were approximately 130 shareholders of record of the Company's outstanding Class A Common Shares and 7 holders of record of the Company's outstanding Class B Common Shares. 

c) ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The following table discloses shares repurchased by the Company during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 6.[RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Items Affecting the Comparability of our Financial Results

The Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Heany Industries, Inc. (“Heany”) in Scottsville, New York, on January 2, 2024. 

The Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Advanced Industrial Coatings, Inc. (“AIC”) in Stockton, California, on August 30, 2024. 

Accordingly, in light of the timing of these transactions, the Company’s results for the year ended December 31, 2024, include the added results of operations of Heany for the full year and AIC for four months in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment. Conversely, our results for the year ended December 31, 2023, do not include any results of operations of Heany and AIC in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment.

Reportable Segment Information

Refer to Part 1, Item 1. Business for descriptions of our business segments.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2023

Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 remained approximately flat at $108.6 million compared to $106.2 million for the prior year.  Gross margin was 27.7% in 2024 compared to 26.2% in the prior year. The gross margin improvement is largely due to a greater proportion of sales coming from the Commercial Air Handling segment which operates at higher margins. Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $22.0 million, compared to $19.7 million for the prior year. This increase in SG&A expenses, which remained largely consistent as a percentage of our total sales, is primarily reflective of inflationary labor costs and the acquisition of Heany and AIC during the first and third quarters of 2024, respectively, as well as other strategic investments in talent aimed at managing and supporting the Company's growth.

Interest charges for the year ended December 31, 2024 were approximately $1.0 million compared to $1.3 million in the prior year. Total debt outstanding decreased while interest rates remained mostly flat, leading to a decline in total interest expense. Average total debt (including notes) and average interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $12.9 million and 7.0%, respectively, compared to $17.4 million and 6.8%, respectively, for the prior year.

The loss on investment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.4 million due to changes in the market value of the Company's stock investment in another public company. Additionally, during 2024 the Company sold its remaining stock investment for proceeds of $0.3 million. The gain on investment in the prior year was immaterial.

Income tax expense in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $4.0 million compared to $3.9 million in the prior year. Tax expense was higher in 2024 compared to the prior year as a result of higher pre-tax income.

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $13.6 million or $3.83 per diluted share as compared to net income of $13.3 million or $3.77 per diluted share for the prior year.  

Commercial Air Handling Segment

Sales in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased to $66.0 million, an increase of approximately $7.6 million, or 13.0%, from sales of $58.4 million during the prior year. The consistent growth in reported sales in this segment highlights our sustained momentum in meeting the rising demand for clean air solutions, particularly in healthcare facilities. 

Segment operating profit in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment for 2024 was $19.6 million, or 29.8% compared to $15.4 million, or 26.3% in the prior year, an increase of $4.3 million or 350 basis points. The improvement in segment operating profit and margin can be attributed to the expanded revenue base, which facilitates more efficient absorption of fixed costs. Another supporting factor of the improved margins has been the continued implementation of various efficiency and continuous improvement initiatives within our manufacturing processes. These strategic measures have further optimized operations and bolstered profitability. The segment's SG&A costs remained materially consistent as a percentage of sales compared to the prior year. 

Industrial and Transportation Products Segment

Sales in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased to $84.2 million, a decrease of approximately $1.3 million, or 1.5%, from sales of $85.5 million during the prior year. The decrease in 2024 was primarily the result of decreased demand for marine products, machined defense parts, and forged aerospace products businesses of approximately $10.4 million, being partially offset by added sales from our acquisitions of Heany and AIC of approximately $7.6 million and increased sales in our machined aerospace parts business of $1.0 million. By design, this segment is diversified and operates across several industries. The decrease in marine sales volume can be attributed to the cyclical nature of recreational boating demand, which decreased in 2024 following a pandemic-driven surge in demand that lasted through most of 2023. The declines in machine defense parts and forgings through the third quarter of 2024 were due to two specific customers pausing orders. However, those orders started to build in the fourth quarter of 2024, and we expect them to eventually return to previous levels.

Segment operating profit in the Industrial and Transportation Products segment for 2024 was $5.1 million, or 6.0%, compared to $7.6 million, or 8.9%, in the prior year, a decrease of $2.5 million or 280 basis points. Many of the underlying expenses in this segment are fixed in the short-term, so as sales have dropped, our ability to absorb those fixed costs has been negatively impacted. In response, we have implemented several strategic initiatives aimed at mitigating the effects of the fixed costs on our gross margin. These include optimizing our production processes to enhance efficiency and reduce costs and renegotiating supplier contracts to secure more favorable terms. The segment's SG&A costs have risen in 2024 compared to the prior year as we have strategically increased our investment in talent to support growth.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s credit agreement, by and among the Company, its subsidiaries and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as lender (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $30.0 million. At December 31, 2024 there was approximately $30.0 million of borrowing availability, which has increased over the course of the last two fiscal years as the Company generated cash, and used that cash to pay down debt. 

Operating Activities. The dynamics of cash flows from operating activities are subject to variability, influenced by the oscillating demands of working capital and the scheduling of payment cycles. Net cash provided by operating activities was $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 , compared to $18.8 million net cash provided by operating activities for the prior year. While billing timing results in largely offsetting fluctuations in several items in the statement of cash flows, the improvement in cash flow from operations can largely be attributed to partnering with our vendors to better align our payment terms with those of our customers.

Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $12.7 million, compared to cash used in investing activities of $2.0 million in the prior year. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily for the acquisitions of Heany and AIC, the purchase of the property in Phoenix in which CAD operates, and routine capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities for the prior year was for capital expenditures in the normal course of business.

Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities was approximately $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to cash used in financing activities of $16.4 million in the prior year. During 2024 the Company borrowed on its revolving credit facility to fund the acquisitions noted above and utilized cash flow from operations to repay its outstanding credit facility borrowings. In the prior year the Company similarly utilized cash flow from operations to repay credit facility borrowings.

The Company is actively managing its business to optimize cash flow generation. We believe the Company's cash, together with the borrowing availability on our revolving credit facility, is sufficient to fund the Company's working capital needs and service the principal and interest payments due on outstanding debt for at least the next 12 months. Based on a combination of the sustained profitability demonstrated over the past several years and significant available borrowing capacity, the Company believes it is well positioned to support ongoing operations as well as growth initiatives. Notwithstanding the Company's expectations, if the Company's operating results decrease as the result of pressures on the business due to, for example, supply chain interruptions or delays, increases in material, freight or labor costs, inflationary pressures, currency or interest rate fluctuations, lost customers, regulatory issues, the effects of international trade conflicts between the U.S. and its global trade partners, including any related tariffs, a downturn in general economic conditions, or the Company's failure to execute its business plans, the Company may require additional financing, or may be unable to comply with its obligations under the credit facility, and its lenders could demand repayment of any amounts outstanding under the Company’s credit facility. See Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements for further information on the Company's total debt.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

From time to time, the Company enters into performance and payment bonds in the ordinary course of business to secure the completion of certain contractual requirements. These bonds are secured by certain assets of the Company until the Company’s completion of such contractual requirements. At December 31, 2024, the Company had no secured performance and payment bonds as surety on completion of contractual requirements, compared to $8.1 million of such bonds at December 31, 2023. The Company has no other off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303 paragraph (a)(4)(ii)) that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditure or capital resources.)

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions which affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that are used to prepare financial statements. Management has made their best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We do not believe that there is great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain accounting policies that require significant management estimates and are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position are discussed below. On a regular basis, critical accounting policies are reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Revenue Recognition:

We recognize revenue with respect to customer orders when our obligations under the contract terms are satisfied and control of the product transfers to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from certain contracts in the Commercial Air Handling Equipment segment is accounted for over time, when products are manufactured or services are performed, as control transfers under these arrangements. We follow a cost-based input method, since there is no objective output measure that would fairly depict the transfer of control over the life of the performance obligation. Progress on the performance obligation is measured by the proportion of actual costs incurred to the total costs expected to complete the contract. Costs included in the measure of progress include direct labor and third-party. This cost-based method of revenue recognition requires the Company to make estimates of costs to complete its projects on an ongoing basis. Significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to these estimates. The effect of revisions to estimates related to the transaction price or costs to complete a project are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis. Certain contracts may be terminated by the customer; however, in the event of termination, most contracts require payment for services rendered through the date of termination.

Allowance for Obsolete and Slow-Moving Inventory:

Inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method; stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value; and are reduced by an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. The allowance is estimated based on management’s review of inventories on hand with minimal sales activity, which is compared to estimated future usage and sales. Inventories identified by management as slow-moving or obsolete are reserved for based on estimated selling prices less disposal costs. Though we consider these allowances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have a material effect on allowances required.

Business Combinations:

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting under ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” This method requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the businesses acquired at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as Goodwill. Determining the fair value requires management to make estimates and assumptions including discount rates, rates of return on assets, and long-term sales growth rates.

Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets:

As referenced by ASC 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and other” (“ASC 350”), management performs its annual test for Goodwill and intangible assets at least annually or more frequently, if impairment indicators arise at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units have been identified at the individual company component level, with each individual subsidiary operating company constituting its own reporting unit. The Company performs a quantitative analysis using a discounted cash flow model and other valuation techniques, but may elect to perform a qualitative analysis. Because of the Company's strong performance, management performed qualitative testing for all but the CAD Enterprises reporting unit in 2023, and for all but the CAD Enterprises, Marine Products International and Federal Hose reporting units in 2024. The qualitative analysis is performed by assessing certain trends and factors, including projected market outlook and growth rates, forecasted and actual sales and operating profit margins, industry data, and other relevant qualitative factors. These trends and factors are compared to, and based on, the assumptions used in the most recent quantitative analysis performed for each reporting unit. The results of the qualitative analyses did not indicate a need to perform additional quantitative analysis. 

Our quantitative impairment analysis utilizes an income approach to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. The income approach uses a number of factors, including discount rates, growth rates, cash flow projections and terminal value rates. Discount rates are set by using the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) methodology. The WACC methodology considers market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors for each reporting unit in determining the appropriate discount rates to be used. The discount rate utilized for each reporting unit is indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in such a business. Operational management, considering industry and Company-specific historical and projected data, develops growth rates, sales projections and cash flow projections for each reporting unit. Terminal value rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and low long-term growth rates.

The CAD Enterprises reporting unit includes goodwill of $7.3 million. The quantitative analyses performed in both 2023 and 2024 indicated that fair value exceeded carrying value by 35%. The discount rate used to estimate fair value was 14.6% and 15.1% in 2023 and 2024, respectively, and the increase from the prior year reflects the incremental company specific risks related to the missed profitability projections in 2024. The assumed terminal growth rate for CAD Enterprises was 3%, despite much larger revenue growth in each of the past two years, which terminal growth rate is based on management’s assessment of the likely minimum long-term growth rate for the aerospace industry. The after-tax income margins used to project future margins for the company were based on the historical margins for CAD Enterprises prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Federal Hose and Marine Products International reporting units include goodwill of $2.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The quantitative analysis performed in 2024 indicated that fair value substantially exceeded carrying value and was not particularly sensitive to changes in assumptions.

Our estimates in reaching the conclusion that goodwill is not impaired were based upon assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which by nature are uncertain and unpredictable. Potential events and circumstances including global conflicts, materials shortages, inability to increase prices to keep pace with expenses, onset of a global pandemic, departure of key employees and loss of a key customer could negatively affect the key assumptions used for the recent fair value test and are similar to the risk factors noted in Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Income Taxes:

In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), we account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. Specifically, we measure gross deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards, such as operating losses and tax credits, using the applicable enacted tax rates and apply the more likely than not measurement criterion. Further, at each interim reporting period, we estimate an effective income tax rate that is expected to be applicable for the full year. Significant judgment is involved regarding the application of income tax laws and regulations and when projecting the jurisdictional mix of income. Additionally, interpretation of tax laws, court decisions or other guidance provided by taxing authorities influences our estimate of the effective income tax rates. As a result, our actual annual effective income tax rates and related income tax liabilities may differ materially from our interim estimated effective tax rates and related income tax liabilities. Any resulting differences are recorded in the period they become known.

Impact of Inflation:

Inflationary economic conditions during the past few years have increased the Company’s costs of producing its products. While these inflationary conditions stabilized during 2023, the Company's costs have remained elevated, and may increase further if inflationary economic conditions persist. The Company’s products are manufactured using various metals and other commodity-based materials including steel, aluminum, rubber and silicone. Freight and labor costs also are significant elements of the Company’s production costs. Inflationary economic conditions have elevated these various costs. If the Company is unable to continue mitigating cost increases through customer pricing actions, alternative supply arrangements or other cost reduction initiatives, the Company's profitability may be adversely affected.

Forward-Looking Statements

The foregoing discussion includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements made regarding the Company’s future results. Generally, these statements can be identified by the use of words such as “guidance,” “outlook,” “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “seeks,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by the Company, are made based on management's expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting the Company and are subject to uncertainties and factors (including, but not limited to, those specified below) which are difficult to predict and, in many instances, are beyond the control of the Company. As a result, actual results of the Company could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors include (a) shortages in supply or increased costs of necessary products, components or raw materials from the Company’s suppliers; (b) availability shortages or increased costs of freight and labor for the Company and/or its suppliers; (c) actions that governments, businesses and individuals take in response to public health crises, including mandatory business closures and restrictions on onsite commercial interactions; (d) conditions in the global and regional economies and economic activity, including slow economic growth or recession, inflation, currency and credit market volatility, reduced capital expenditures and changes in government trade, fiscal, tax and monetary policies; in particular the impact of any protectionist trade policies; (e) adverse effects from evolving geopolitical conditions, such as the military conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; (f) the Company's ability to effectively integrate acquisitions, and manage the larger operations of the combined businesses, (g) the Company's dependence upon a limited number of customers and the aerospace industry, (h) the highly competitive industries in which the Company operates, which includes several competitors with greater financial resources and larger sales organizations, (i) the Company's ability to capitalize on market opportunities in certain sectors, (j) the Company's ability to obtain cost effective financing and (k) the Company's ability to satisfy obligations under its financing arrangements, and the other risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report Form 10-K and the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

This item is not applicable to the Company as a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. 

The following pages contain the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data as specified for Item 8 of Part II of Form 10-K.

CRAWFORD UNITED CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

CRAWFORD UNITED CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

CRAWFORD UNITED CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

CRAWFORD UNITED CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements  

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CRAWFORD UNITED CORPORATION
December 31, 2024 and 2023