L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) will hold its Annual Meeting of Shareholders in a virtual-only format on Thursday, May 22, 2025, at 8:30 AM, Eastern Daylight Time (the “Annual Meeting” or the “Meeting”). You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person at a physical location. We believe that hosting a virtual Annual Meeting enables greater shareholder attendance and participation from any location around the world, improves meeting efficiency and our ability to communicate effectively with our shareholders, and reduces the cost and environmental impact of the Meeting. To be admitted to the Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FSTR2025 you must enter the control number found on your proxy card, voting instruction form, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) you previously received. Once admitted to the Meeting, you may vote during the Annual Meeting, submit questions, and view the list of shareholders entitled to vote by following the instructions available on the Meeting website. The Meeting will be held for the purposes of:

Shareholders will also be asked to consider and act upon such other business that properly comes before the Annual Meeting.

Shareholders are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting. Only holders of record of Company common stock at the close of business on March 20, 2025 will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules allow companies to furnish proxy materials to their shareholders over the Internet. This process expedites shareholder receipt of proxy materials and lowers the cost of our Annual Meeting. On or about April 11, 2025, we released to our shareholders a Notice containing instructions on how to access our 2025 Proxy Statement and 2024 Annual Report and how to cast your vote. The Notice also includes instructions on how to receive a paper copy of the Annual Meeting materials.

Your vote is important. Whether you plan to attend the Annual Meeting or not, we hope you will vote your shares as soon as possible. Please sign, date, and return your proxy card or voting instruction form or vote by telephone or via the Internet; instructions are included on the Notice, proxy card, and voting instruction form.

This Proxy Statement contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Forward-looking statements include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Sentences containing words such as “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” or their negatives, or other similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Proxy Statement are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events that involve inherent risks and uncertainties and may concern, among other things, L.B. Foster Company’s (the “Company”) expectations and assumptions about future events that involve inherent risks and uncertainties and may concern, among other things, the Company’s expectations relating to our strategy, goals, projections, and plans regarding our financial position, liquidity, capital resources, and results of operations and decisions regarding our strategic growth initiatives, market position, and product development. While the Company considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company cautions readers that various factors could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Among the factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties related to: a continuation or worsening of the adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve, including recession; the continued volatility in the prices for oil and gas; tariffs or trade wars; inflation, project delays, and budget shortfalls, or otherwise; volatility in the global capital markets, including interest rate fluctuations, which could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets on terms that are favorable to us; restrictions on our ability to draw on our credit agreement, including as a result of any future inability to comply with restrictive covenants contained therein; a decrease in freight or transit rail traffic; environmental matters and the impact of environmental regulations, including any costs associated with any remediation and monitoring of such matters; the risk of doing business in international markets, including compliance with anti-corruption and bribery laws; foreign currency fluctuations and inflation; global shipping disruptions; the imposition of increased or new tariffs, trade restrictions or embargoes; our ability to effectuate our strategy, including cost reduction initiatives, and our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses or to divest businesses, such as the recent dispositions of the Chemtec and Ties businesses, and acquisitions of VanHooseCo Precast LLC and Cougar Mountain Precast, LLC businesses and to realize anticipated benefits; costs of and impacts associated with shareholder activism; the timeliness and availability of materials from our major suppliers, as well as the impact on our access to supplies of customer preferences as to the origin of such supplies, such as customers’ concerns about conflict minerals; labor disputes; cybersecurity risks such as data security breaches, malware, ransomware, “hacking,” and identity theft, which could disrupt our business and may result in misuse or misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information, and could result in the disruption or damage to our systems, increased costs and losses, or an adverse effect to our reputation, business or financial condition; the continuing effectiveness of our ongoing implementation of an enterprise resource planning system; changes in current accounting estimates and their ultimate outcomes; the adequacy of internal and external sources of funds to meet financing needs, including our ability to negotiate any additional necessary amendments to our credit agreement or the terms of any new credit agreement; the Company’s ability to manage its working capital requirements and indebtedness; domestic and international taxes, including estimates that may impact taxes; domestic and foreign government regulations, including tariffs; our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) and disclosure controls and procedures, including our ability to remediate any existing material weakness in our ICFR and the timing of any such remediation, as well as our ability to reestablish effective disclosure controls and procedures; any change in policy or other change due to the results of the UK’s 2024 parliamentary election and the US 2024 Presidential election that could affect UK or US business conditions; other geopolitical conditions, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East, and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan; a lack of state or federal funding for new infrastructure projects; an increase in manufacturing or material costs; the loss of future revenues from current customers; any future global health crises and the related social, regulatory, and economic impacts and the response thereto by the Company, our employees, our customers, and national, state, or local governments, including any governmental travel restrictions; and risks inherent in litigation and the outcome of litigation and product warranty claims. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual outcomes could vary materially from those indicated. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. A detailed discussion of significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, and results of the Company’s business and cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and our other current or periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements in this Proxy Statement are made as of the date of this Proxy Statement and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws.

This Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) to be voted at the May 22, 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Annual Meeting” or the “Meeting”). This Proxy Statement, the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, the proxy card, and our 2024 Annual Report to Shareholders were each made available to shareholders on the Internet, free of charge, at www.proxyvote.com or mailed on or about April 11, 2025.

At the close of business on March 20, 2025, the record date for entitlement to vote at the Meeting (the “Record Date”), there were 10,698,834 shares of common stock outstanding. Only holders of record of our common stock at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof. Such shareholders will have one vote for each share held on that date.

The presence, in person or by proxy, of the shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes that all shareholders are entitled to cast on a matter to be acted on at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum. Where a shareholder’s proxy or ballot is properly executed and returned but does not provide voting instructions, the shares of such shareholder will nevertheless be counted as being present at the Meeting for the purpose of determining a quorum. Abstentions and “broker non-votes” (as described below) will be counted for purposes of determining a quorum.

If your shares are held in “street name” (i.e., held for your account by a broker or other nominee), you should receive instructions from the holder of record on voting your shares. If a shareholder holds shares beneficially in street name and does not provide the shareholder’s broker with voting instructions, such shares may be treated as “broker non-votes.” Generally, broker non-votes occur when a broker is not permitted to vote on a particular matter without instructions from the beneficial owner and instructions have not been given. Brokers that have not received voting instructions from their clients cannot vote on their clients’ behalf on “non-routine” proposals, such as the election of directors and compensation matters (for purposes of this Proxy Statement, Proposals 1, 3, and 4), although they may vote their clients’ shares on “routine” proposals, such as the ratification of the independent registered public accounting firm (for purposes of this Proxy Statement, Proposal 2). In tabulating the voting result for any particular proposal, shares that constitute broker non-votes are not considered entitled to vote on that proposal.

Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast. Only votes FOR or WITHHELD on the election of each director nominee under Proposal 1 count as votes cast. Broker non-votes are not considered to be votes cast for each director nominee under Proposal 1 and will have no effect on the vote. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

The Audit Committee of the Board has appointed Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for 2025. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the Company’s shareholders entitled to vote shall ratify this appointment. Only votes FOR or AGAINST this proposal count as votes cast. Abstentions are not considered to be votes cast on this proposal. Brokers have discretion to vote on this item.

The advisory approval of the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers in 2024 as reported in this Proxy Statement will be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the Company’s shareholders entitled to vote. Only votes FOR or AGAINST this proposal count as votes cast. Abstentions and broker non-votes are not considered to be votes cast on this proposal.

The approval of the L.B. Foster Company 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan will be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the Company’s shareholders entitled to vote. Only votes FOR or AGAINST this proposal count as votes cast. Abstentions and broker non-votes are not considered to be votes cast on this proposal.

If you are a shareholder of record and your form of proxy is properly executed and returned, it will be voted as directed. If no directions are given, the proxy will be voted FOR the election of each of the eight director nominees

named herein for one-year terms; FOR the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for 2025; FOR the advisory approval of the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers in 2024; and FOR the approval of the L.B. Foster Company 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan. The proxy grants discretionary authority to vote on other matters that properly come before the Annual Meeting (including to adjourn the Meeting) to Raymond T. Betler, Chair of the Board of Directors, and John F. Kasel, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company.

The voting instruction form also serves as the voting instructions for the trustees who hold shares of record for participants in the Company’s 401(k) plans. If voting instructions representing shares in the Company’s 401(k) plans are received, but no indication is provided as to how those shares are to be voted, the shares will be counted as being present at the Annual Meeting and will count toward achievement of a quorum. If voting instructions as to the shares in the Company’s 401(k) plans are not received, those shares will be voted in the same proportion as shares in the 401(k) plans for which voting instructions were received.

The cost of soliciting proxies will be borne by the Company. Officers or employees of the Company may solicit proxies by mail, telephone, email, or facsimile. The Company has retained Laurel Hill Advisory Group, LLC for the solicitation of proxies and will pay its fee of $7,500.00 plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses.

If you are a shareholder of record, you may vote your shares of Company common stock by telephone, through the Internet, or by mail in advance of the Annual Meeting. You may also vote your shares electronically at the Meeting. Please see the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials for instructions on how to access the proxy materials and how to cast your vote.

If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” through a broker, bank, or other intermediary, you may vote by returning your voting instruction card or by following the instructions for voting via telephone or the Internet, as provided by the bank, broker, or other intermediary. You may also vote your shares electronically during the Annual Meeting. If you own shares in different accounts or in more than one name, you may receive different voting instructions for each type of ownership. Please vote all of your shares.

If you are a participant in the Company’s 401(k) plans, you must vote your shares in advance of the Annual Meeting using one of the methods described above for shareholders of record. Participants in the Company’s 401(k) plans may attend the Annual Meeting but will not be able to vote shares held in such plans electronically online during the Annual Meeting.

The Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual-only format. You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person at a physical location. We have designed the virtual Annual Meeting to provide substantially the same opportunities to participate as you would have at an in-person meeting held at a physical location. To be admitted to the Annual Meeting, please log in to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FSTR2025 where you must enter the control number found on your proxy card, voting instruction form, or Notice of Internet Availability you previously received. Once admitted to the Meeting, you may vote during the Annual Meeting, submit questions, and view the list of shareholders entitled to vote by following the instructions available on the Meeting website. If you have already voted by Internet, phone, or mail prior to accessing the Meeting, you do not need to vote again. Voting online during the Annual Meeting will revoke any prior votes.

The virtual Annual Meeting platform is fully supported across browsers (Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and cell phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plugins. Shareholders should confirm that they have a strong internet connection if they intend to attend the Annual Meeting. Attendees should allow plenty of time to log in prior to the start of the Annual Meeting.

The virtual Annual Meeting format allows shareholders to communicate with us during the Annual Meeting so they can ask questions of our management and Board, as appropriate. If you wish to submit a question during the Annual Meeting, you may do so by logging into the virtual meeting platform at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FSTR2025, typing your question into the “Ask a Question” field, and clicking “Submit.”

Questions pertinent to the Annual Meeting will be answered in the Question and Answer session during the Annual Meeting, subject to time constraints. Any such questions that cannot be answered during the Annual Meeting due to time constraints will be posted and answered on the Company’s investor relations website, lbfostercompany.gcs-web.com under the “Governance” tab, as soon as practicable after the Annual Meeting.

Votes submitted via the Internet, by telephone, or by mail must be received by 11:59 PM EDT, on May 21, 2025. If you are a participant in the Company’s 401(k) plans, you must vote your shares two days in advance of the Annual Meeting using one of the methods described above for shareholders of record. Participants in the Company’s 401(k) plans may attend the Annual Meeting but will not be able to vote shares held in such plans electronically online during the Annual Meeting.

Except as otherwise noted herein, submitting your vote via the Internet, by telephone, or by mail will not affect your right to vote in person should you decide to attend the Annual Meeting virtually. You may change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time by submitting a valid, subsequent vote by telephone or through the Internet, by submitting another properly signed proxy which bears a later date, or, except as otherwise noted herein, voting electronically during the Annual Meeting. Attendance at the Annual Meeting will not by itself revoke a previously granted proxy; you must also vote your shares.

If you encounter any technical difficulties in accessing the virtual Meeting, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual shareholder meeting login page at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FSTR2025. Technical support will be available beginning approximately 15 minutes prior to the start of the Annual Meeting through its conclusion.

The first proposal item to be voted on is the election of eight directors for one-year terms. The Board of Directors has nominated the following eight people to serve as directors: Messrs. Betler, Jones, Kasel, Kunz, Meyer, and Thompson and Mses. Lee and Owen, each a currently-serving director of the Company. Each director who is elected will hold office until the next annual meeting and generally until the director’s successor is elected and qualified. Information concerning the nominees is set forth below with brief descriptions of each nominee’s qualifications to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors:

The Board nominated the foregoing nominees based upon the recommendation of the Nomination and Governance Committee. The nominees have expressed their willingness to serve as directors, if elected. However, should any of the nominees be unavailable for election, the proxies (except for proxies that withhold authority to vote for directors) will be voted for such substitute nominee or nominees as may be chosen by the Board, or the number of directors may be reduced by appropriate action of the Board.

Ernst & Young LLP has been appointed by the Audit Committee of the Board as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Although the Audit Committee has the sole authority to appoint the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as a matter of good corporate governance, the Board is seeking shareholder ratification of this appointment. If the shareholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee will take this into consideration. Even if the appointment is ratified, the Audit Committee, in its discretion, may direct the appointment of a different firm at any time if the Audit Committee determines that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. Representatives of Ernst & Young LLP are expected to be in attendance at the Annual Meeting and available to respond to appropriate questions from shareholders and will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire.

At the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting, upon recommendation by the Board, shareholders voted to hold an advisory vote on executive compensation every year. Accordingly, the Company has determined to submit an advisory vote on our executive compensation program to shareholders at each annual meeting until a new advisory vote on the frequency of such advisory votes on executive compensation is held. Subject to future advisory votes on the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation, with the next one occurring in 2029, we anticipate continuing to hold an advisory vote on the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers on an annual basis, with the next one occurring in 2026.

The following proposal gives our shareholders the opportunity to vote to approve or not approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to our named executive officers in 2024, as described in this Proxy Statement, and is non-binding upon the Company, our Board, and the Compensation Committee of the Board. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our executive officers and our compensation philosophy, policies, and practices, as disclosed under the “Executive Compensation” section of this Proxy Statement. We are providing this vote as required by Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, we are asking our shareholders to vote “FOR” the adoption of the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the named executive officers of L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”), as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables, and narrative discussion in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the heading entitled ‘Executive Compensation,’ is hereby approved.”

The Company’s compensation programs are centered on a pay-for-performance culture and are designed to be strongly aligned with the long-term interests of shareholders. The Company’s goal for its executive compensation program is to reward executives who provide leadership for, and contribute to, the Company’s financial success.

While we intend to carefully consider the voting results of this proposal, the final vote is advisory in nature and therefore not binding on the Company, our Board, or the Compensation Committee of the Board.

We are asking our shareholders to adopt and approve the L.B. Foster Company 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “New Plan”). On April 7, 2025, the Board and the Compensation Committee (for the purposes of this proposal, the “Committee” or “Compensation Committee”), unanimously approved and adopted the New Plan subject to the approval of shareholders at this Annual Meeting. The purpose of the New Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its shareholders and promote the Company’s long-term growth and financial success by providing to our non-employee directors, officers, and other employees, and certain consultants, equity and cash incentive awards that reward their service and performance.

If approved by the shareholders at this Annual Meeting, the New Plan will be effective upon such approval. If the shareholder vote on the New Plan at this Annual Meeting is postponed, the New Plan will be effective on such date on which a shareholders’ meeting to vote on and approve the New Plan occurs, and until such time, the L.B. Foster Company 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, As Amended and Restated (the “Current Plan”), will continue in effect in accordance with its terms.

The Board recommends that you vote for approval of the New Plan. The Board believes it is in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders to approve the New Plan in order to continue to motivate performance by our key employees and non-employee directors. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the New Plan is 785,000. If the New Plan is approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Annual Meeting, no grants will be made under the Current Plan thereafter, and the authority to issue new awards under the Current Plan will terminate upon such approval. For purposes of clarity, the number of shares relating to awards granted between

March 1, 2025 and the Annual Meeting under the Current Plan will be deducted from the number of shares reserved for issuance under the New Plan. Outstanding awards granted under the Current Plan will continue unaffected.

The following table sets forth the number of shares available for issuance pursuant to outstanding awards under the Current Plan as of March 1, 2025. If the New Plan is approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Annual Meeting, no grants will be made under the Current Plan thereafter, and the authority to issue new awards under the Current Plan will terminate upon such approval (i.e., no shares will be issued under the Current Plan except pursuant to awards granted prior to the date of the Annual Meeting).

The following is a summary of the New Plan, which is qualified in its entirety by the complete text of the New Plan attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement. To the extent the description below differs from the New Plan text in Appendix A, the text of the New Plan governs the terms and provisions of the New Plan. Because Company directors and executive officers are eligible to receive awards under the New Plan, they may be deemed to have a personal interest in the adoption of this proposal.

The Compensation Committee will have full discretion to determine the number and amount of awards to be granted to participants under the New Plan, subject to the terms thereof. The future benefits or amounts that will be awarded or paid under the New Plan currently are not determinable. Awards granted under the New Plan are within the Committee’s discretion, and the Committee has not yet determined the value or amount of future awards or which individuals may receive them.

Our Board and Compensation Committee determined that the adoption of the New Plan is necessary to continue to reward the service and performance of our non-employee directors, officers and other employees, and certain consultants. The Board believes that a long-term equity incentive program motivates and rewards our directors, executive officers and other key individuals for their contributions to our Company’s performance and serves to align long-term compensation with the performance of Company stock. Our Board recommends a vote for approval of the New Plan because it will allow the Company to continue to use equity-based incentives and promote the goals of our compensation strategy. The New Plan will only become effective if it is approved by our shareholders and, if it is not approved, the Current Plan will continue to remain in effect. It is not possible at present to determine the amount or form of any award that will be granted or available for grant to any person in the future under the New Plan.

The following summary describes the material features of the New Plan. The purposes of the New Plan are to promote the interests of the Company and its shareholders by:

The New Plan will generally be administered by our Compensation Committee; provided, that, at the discretion of the Board, the Plan may be administered by the Board. Employees (including officers), non-employee directors and certain consultants of the Company and our affiliates will be eligible to receive awards under the New Plan based on the discretion of the Compensation Committee and its designees. As of February 28, 2025, if the New Plan had been in effect, approximately 1,080 of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ employees and seven of the Company’s non-employee directors would have been eligible to participate in the New Plan in connection with their provision of services to the Company. As of February 28, 2025, if the New Plan had been in effect, no consultants would have been eligible to participate in the New Plan.

In connection with the Board’s consideration of the New Plan, the Board reviewed leading proxy advisory firms’ policies on equity-based compensation plans, the importance of long-term incentives in supporting the key objectives of the Company’s equity and incentive compensation programs, and the overall dilution and value of the New Plan.

The New Plan provides for the following award types: stock option rights, appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), cash incentives, performance shares, performance units and other awards. The Board recommends that our shareholders approve the New Plan, which authorizes the issuance of up to 785,000 shares of our common stock. If the New Plan is approved by the Company’s shareholders, any shares available for new grants under the Current Plan will no longer be available for issuance under such plan. Outstanding awards granted under the Current Plan will continue unaffected upon approval of the New Plan. However, the number of shares relating to awards granted between March 1, 2025 and the Annual Meeting under the Current Plan will be deducted from the New Plan.

Under the New Plan, the aggregate number of shares relating to incentive stock options (as defined in the New Plan) may not exceed 785,000 shares. Notwithstanding anything in the New Plan to the contrary, no non-employee director may be granted, in any one calendar year, aggregate compensation, in the form of cash and/or equity, for such service having an aggregate maximum value (measured at the grant date, as applicable, and calculating the value of any awards based on the grant date fair value for financial reporting purposes), in excess of $500,000. The New Plan provides that the aggregate number of shares available for issuance under the New Plan will be reduced by one share for each share subject to an award granted under the New Plan. Subject to the terms of the New Plan, if any award granted under the New Plan is cancelled or forfeited, expires, is settled for cash, or is unearned, the common stock subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, again be available for issuance under the New Plan.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) shares of common stock withheld by the Company, tendered or otherwise used in payment of the exercise price of an option right will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate number of shares of common stock available under the New Plan; (ii) shares of common stock withheld by the Company, tendered or otherwise used to satisfy tax withholding will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate number of shares of common stock available under the New Plan; (iii) shares of common stock subject to a share-settled appreciation right that are not actually issued in connection with the settlement of such appreciation right on the exercise thereof will not be added back to the aggregate number of shares of common stock available under the New Plan; and (iv) shares of common stock reacquired by the Company on the open market or otherwise using cash proceeds from the exercise of option rights will not be added (or added back, as applicable) to the aggregate number of shares of common stock available under the New Plan. If a participant has elected to give up the right to receive cash compensation in exchange for shares based on fair market value, such shares will not count against the aggregate share limit of the New Plan.

Awards may be granted under the New Plan in substitution for or in conversion of, or in connection with an assumption of, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs or other share or share-based awards held by awardees of an entity engaging in a corporate acquisition or merger transaction with the Company or any subsidiary. The awards so granted may reflect the original terms of the awards being assumed or substituted or converted for and need not comply with other specific terms of the New Plan, and may account for common stock substituted for the securities covered by the original awards and the number of shares subject to the original awards, as well as any exercise or purchase prices applicable to the original awards, adjusted to account for differences in stock prices in connection with the transaction. Any common stock that is issued or transferred by, or that is subject to any awards that are granted by, or become obligations of, the Company will not reduce the shares of common stock available for issuance or transfer under the New Plan or otherwise count against the share limits contained in the New Plan and summarized above. In addition, no shares of common stock subject to an award that is granted by, or becomes an obligation of, the Company under the New Plan as described in this paragraph, will be added to the aggregate share limit contained in the New Plan.

Awards granted under the New Plan may provide for the payment of dividends or dividend equivalents (other than in connection with option rights and appreciation rights), payable in cash, shares, other securities or other property; provided, however, that such dividends or dividend equivalents will only be paid to the participant if the underlying award vests and/or is earned. Except to the extent provided in the New Plan, no award will be transferable by the participant, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution.

Except in the case of substitute awards (as defined in the New Plan) and cash incentive awards, awards granted under the New Plan to participants will either be subject to a minimum vesting or minimum performance period, in the case of performance awards, of one year. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of the New Plan, (i) the Compensation Committee may authorize acceleration of vesting or continued vesting of such awards in the event of the participant’s death, disability, termination of employment or service or the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the New Plan), (ii) the Compensation Committee may exercise its authority under the New Plan as provided therein following the grant of an award, (iii) the Compensation Committee may grant awards without the above-described minimum requirements with respect to awards covering up to 5% of the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under the New Plan, and (iv) with respect to awards granted to non-employee directors, the vesting of such awards will be deemed to satisfy the minimum vesting requirement to the extent that the awards vest based on the approximate one-year period beginning on each regular annual meeting of the Company’s shareholders and ending on the date of the next regular annual meeting of the Company’s shareholders (provided, however, that such approximate one-year period with respect to awards granted to non-employee directors may not be less than 50 weeks).

Under the New Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant awards to the following persons providing services to the Company: (i) non-employee directors, including a person who has agreed to commence serving in such capacity within 90 days of the date of grant; (ii) officers or other employees of the Company or any subsidiary, including a person who has agreed to commence serving in such capacity within 90 days of the date of grant; or (iii) certain consultants as provided in the New Plan.

Stock option rights granted under the New Plan may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees. Except with respect to substitute awards, incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options must have an exercise price per share that is not less than the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. To the extent permitted by law, any grant may provide for deferred payment of the exercise price from the proceeds of sale through a bank or broker on a date satisfactory to the Company or some or all of the shares of common stock to which such exercise relates. Each stock option will specify the vesting schedule, including any applicable performance objectives, and the option term may not extend for more than ten years after the date of grant. Each grant will specify the form of consideration to be paid in satisfaction of the exercise price, including (i) in cash, by check acceptable to the Company or by wire transfer of immediately available funds, (ii) by the actual or constructive transfer to the Company of common stock owned by the optionee having a value at the time of exercise equal to the total exercise price, (iii) subject to any conditions or limitations established by the Compensation Committee, by the withholding of common stock otherwise issuable upon exercise of an option pursuant to a “net exercise” arrangement, (iv) by a combination of such methods of payment, or (v) by such other methods as may be approved by the Compensation Committee. Option rights may not provide for any dividends or dividend equivalents to be paid thereon.

The New Plan provides for the grant of appreciation rights. Except with respect to substitute awards, the base price of an appreciation right may not be less than the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Each appreciation right will specify the vesting schedule, including any applicable performance objectives, and the term of an appreciation right may not extend more than ten years from the date of grant. An appreciation right may be paid in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof. Appreciation rights may not provide for any dividends or dividend equivalents to be paid thereon.

Restricted stock may also be granted under the New Plan. Restricted stock constitutes the immediate transfer of ownership of shares of the Company’s common stock to the participant in consideration of the performance of services, entitling such participant to voting, dividend, and other ownership rights, but subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture and restrictions on transfer for a period of time, each as determined by the Compensation Committee,

or until certain performance objectives specified by the Compensation Committee are achieved. Each grant or sale of restricted stock may be made without additional consideration or in consideration of a payment by the participant that is less than the fair market value of shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Dividends and other distributions paid on or in respect of any shares of restricted stock may be paid directly to the participant, or may be reinvested in additional shares of restricted stock, as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion, provided, however, that in all cases, such dividends and other distributions will be subject to the same restrictions on vesting, payment or otherwise as the underlying award.

The New Plan provides for the grant of RSUs. RSUs awarded under the New Plan constitute an agreement by the Company to deliver shares of the Company’s common stock, cash, or a combination thereof, to the participant in the future in consideration of the performance of services, but subject to the fulfillment of such conditions (which may include the achievement of performance objectives) during the restriction period as the Compensation Committee may specify. Each grant or sale of RSUs may be made without additional consideration or in consideration of a payment by the participant that is less than the fair market value of shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

During the applicable restriction period, the participant will have no ownership, transfer or voting rights in the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the RSUs. Rights to dividend equivalents may be extended to and made part of any RSU award at the discretion of and on the terms determined by the Compensation Committee; provided, however, that any dividend equivalents or other distributions on the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the RSUs will be deferred until and paid contingent upon the vesting of such RSUs.

Performance shares, performance units and cash incentive awards may also be granted to participants under the New Plan. A performance share is a bookkeeping entry that records the equivalent of one share of the Company’s common stock, and a performance unit is a bookkeeping entry that records a unit equivalent to $1.00 or such other value as determined by the Compensation Committee. Each grant will specify the number or amount of performance shares or performance units, or the cash amount payable with respect to cash incentive awards, being awarded, which number or amount may be subject to adjustment to reflect changes in compensation or other factors.

These awards become payable to participants upon the achievement of specified performance objectives, and upon such terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee determines at the time of grant. Each grant will specify the performance objectives regarding the earning of the award. Each grant will specify the time and manner of payment of cash incentive awards, performance shares or performance units that have been earned, and any grant may further specify that any such amount may be paid or settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or any combination thereof. Any grant of performance shares or performance units may provide for the payment of dividend equivalents in cash or in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, provided that such dividend equivalents will be subject to deferral and payment on a contingent basis based on the earning and vesting of the performance shares or performance units, as applicable, with respect to which such dividend equivalents are paid.

The performance objectives that may apply with respect to awards of performance shares, performance units, or cash incentive awards (or, when so determined by the Compensation Committee, option rights, appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, dividend equivalents or other awards pursuant to the New Plan) may include (but are not limited to): objectives related to cash flow; cash flow from operations; free cash flow; earnings (including, but not limited to, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization or some variation thereof); earnings per share, diluted or basic; earnings per share from continuing operations; net asset turnover; inventory turnover; days sales outstanding on receivables; capital expenditures; debt; debt reduction; working capital (including as a percentage of sales); return on investment; return on sales; return on invested capital; net or gross sales; economic profit; economic profit improvement; gross profit on sales; material gross profit (gross profit on material portion of sales); performance profit (operating income minus an allocated charge approximating the Company’s cost of capital, before or after tax); purchase variance; delivery variance; quality; customer satisfaction; comparable site sales; market share; economic value added; cost of capital; change in assets; expense reduction levels; productivity; delivery performance; safety record and/or performance; environmental record and/or performance; stock price; return on equity or capital employed; total shareholder return or relative increases to shareholder return; return on capital; return on assets or net assets; revenue; revenue growth; income or net income; operating income or net

operating income; operating income adjusted for management fees and depreciation and amortization; pre-tax income (including on an as-adjusted basis); operating profit or net operating profit; non-performing assets; asset sale targets; value of assets; employee retention/attrition rates; investments; regulatory compliance; satisfactory internal or external audits; improvement of financial ratings; value creation; gross margin, operating margin or profit margin; margin growth; completion of acquisitions, business expansion, product diversification, and new or expanded market penetration; growth or growth rate; employee recruitment, engagement, retention and satisfaction; diversity; environmental and social measures; human resources management, and any combination of the foregoing, applied to either the Company as a whole or to a business unit or subsidiary entity thereof, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, and any of which may be measured either in absolute terms, relative to a pre-established target, as compared to any incremental increase, as compared to previous years’ results or as compared to results of a designated comparison group.

If the Compensation Committee determines that a change in the business, operations, corporate structure or capital structure of the Company, or the manner in which it conducts its business, or other events or circumstances render the aforementioned performance objectives unsuitable, the Compensation Committee may in its discretion modify such performance objectives or the goals or actual levels of achievement regarding the performance objectives, in whole or in part, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate and equitable.

Other awards may also be granted under the New Plan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to, shares (including, without limitation, securities convertible into shares), as deemed by the Compensation Committee to be consistent with the purposes of the New Plan. Cash awards, as an element of or supplement to any other award granted under the New Plan, may also be granted. Subject to the terms of the New Plan, the Compensation Committee may authorize the grant of shares of common stock as a bonus, or may authorize the grant of other awards in lieu of obligations of the Company or a subsidiary to pay cash or deliver other property under the New Plan or under other plans or compensatory arrangements, subject to such terms as will be determined by the Compensation Committee in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Compensation Committee may, at or after the date of grant, authorize the payment of dividends or dividend equivalents on other awards on a deferred and contingent basis, either in cash or in additional shares of common stock; provided, however, that dividend equivalents or other distributions on common stock underlying awards granted will be deferred until and paid contingent upon the earning and vesting of such awards. These awards will provide for vesting and other terms as deemed appropriate by the Compensation Committee and consistent with the terms of the New Plan.

The Compensation Committee will make or provide for such adjustments in the number of and kind of common stock covered by outstanding awards granted under the New Plan, in the exercise price and base price provided in outstanding option rights and appreciation rights, respectively, in cash incentive awards, and in other award terms, as the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, determines, in good faith, is equitably required to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants that otherwise would result from (i) any extraordinary cash dividend, stock dividend, stock split, combination of shares, recapitalization or other change in the capital structure of the Company, (ii) any merger, consolidation, spin-off, split-off, spin-out, split-up, reorganization, partial or complete liquidation or other distribution of assets, issuance of rights or warrants to purchase securities, or (iii) any other corporate transaction or event having an effect similar to any of the foregoing. Moreover, in the event of any such transaction or event or in the event of a change in control, the Compensation Committee may provide in substitution for any or all outstanding awards under the New Plan such alternative consideration (including cash), if any, as it, in good faith, may determine to be equitable in the circumstances and will require in connection therewith the surrender of all awards so replaced in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Code. In addition, for each option right or appreciation right with an exercise price or base price, respectively, greater than the consideration offered in connection with any such transaction or event or change in control, the Compensation Committee may in its sole discretion elect to cancel such option right or appreciation right without any payment to the person holding such option right or appreciation right. The Compensation Committee will also make or provide for such adjustments in the number of shares of common stock specified in the New Plan as the Compensation Committee, in its sole

discretion, determines, in good faith, is appropriate to reflect any transaction or event described therein; provided, however, that any such adjustment to the number specified in the New Plan will be made only if and to the extent that such adjustment would not cause any option right intended to qualify as an incentive stock option to fail to so qualify.

The Board generally may amend the New Plan at any time and from time to time in whole or in part. However, if any amendment (i) would materially increase the benefits accruing to participants under the New Plan, (ii) would materially increase the number of securities which may be issued under the New Plan, (iii) would materially modify the requirements for participation in the New Plan, or (iv) must otherwise be approved by the Company’s shareholders in order to comply with applicable law or the Nasdaq listing requirements, then such amendment will be subject to shareholder approval and will not be effective unless and until such approval has been obtained.

Subject to the terms of the New Plan, the Compensation Committee may amend the terms of any award, prospectively or retroactively. Except as otherwise provided in the New Plan, no such amendment will materially impair the rights of any participant without his or her consent. Further, if permitted by Section 409A of the Code, but subject to the terms of the New Plan, to the extent a participant holds an option right or appreciation right not immediately exercisable in full, or any restricted stock as to which the substantial risk of forfeiture or the prohibition or restriction on transfer has not lapsed, or any RSUs as to which the restriction period has not been completed, or any cash incentive awards, performance shares or performance units which have not been fully earned, or any dividend equivalents or other awards made pursuant to the New Plan subject to any vesting schedule or transfer restriction, or who holds common stock subject to any transfer restriction imposed under the New Plan, the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide for continued vesting or accelerate the time at which such option right, appreciation right or other award may vest or be exercised or the time at which such substantial risk of forfeiture or prohibition or restriction on transfer will lapse or the time when such restriction period will end or the time at which such cash incentive awards, performance shares or performance units will be deemed to have been earned or the time when such transfer restriction will terminate or may waive any other limitation or requirement under any such award.

The Board may, in its discretion, terminate the New Plan at any time. Termination of the New Plan will not affect the rights of participants or their successors under any awards outstanding and not exercised in full on the date of termination.

Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of the New Plan or an award agreement to the contrary, the Company reserves the right to make amendments to the New Plan and grants thereunder as the Company deems necessary or desirable to avoid the imposition of taxes or penalties under Section 409A of the Code. A participant will be solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may be imposed on a participant or for a participant’s account in connection with the New Plan and grants thereunder (including any taxes and penalties under Section 409A of the Code), and neither the Company nor any of its affiliates will have any obligation to indemnify or otherwise hold a participant harmless from any or all of such taxes or penalties.

Except in connection with a corporate transaction or event described in the New Plan or in connection with a change in control, the terms of outstanding awards may not be amended to reduce the exercise price of outstanding option rights or the base price of outstanding appreciation rights, or cancel outstanding “underwater” option rights or appreciation rights (including following a participant’s voluntary surrender of “underwater” option rights or appreciation rights) in exchange for cash, other awards or option rights or appreciation rights with an exercise price or base price, as applicable, that is less than the exercise price of the original option rights or exercise price of the original appreciation rights, as applicable, without approval by the shareholders.

To the extent that the Company is required to withhold federal, state, local or foreign taxes or other amounts in connection with any payment made or benefit realized by a participant or other person under the New Plan, and the amounts available to the Company for such withholding are insufficient, it will be a condition to the receipt of such payment or the realization of such benefit that the participant or such other person make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for payment of the balance of such taxes or other amounts required to be withheld, which

arrangements (in the discretion of the Compensation Committee) may include relinquishment of a portion of such benefit. If a participant’s benefit is to be received in the form of common stock, and such participant fails to make arrangements for the payment of taxes or other amounts, then, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, the Company will withhold shares of common stock having a value equal to the amount required to be withheld. Notwithstanding the foregoing, when a participant is required to pay the Company an amount required to be withheld under applicable income, employment, tax, and other laws, the Compensation Committee may require the participant to satisfy the obligation, in whole or in part, by having withheld, from the shares of common stock delivered or required to be delivered to the participant, shares of common stock having a value equal to the amount required to be withheld or by delivering to the Company other shares of common stock held by such participant. The common stock used for tax or other withholding will be valued at an amount equal to the fair market value of such common stock on the date the benefit is to be included in the participant’s income. In no event will the fair market value of the common stock to be withheld and delivered exceed the minimum amount required to be withheld, unless (i) an additional amount can be withheld and not result in adverse accounting consequences and (ii) such additional withholding amount is authorized by the Compensation Committee.

Any award agreement may provide for the cancellation or forfeiture of an award or the forfeiture and repayment to the Company of any gain related to an award, or other provisions intended to have a similar effect, upon such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Committee from time to time, if a Participant, either (i) during employment or other service with the Company or a Subsidiary, or (ii) within a specified period after termination of such employment or service, engages in any detrimental activity, as described in the applicable award agreement. In addition, notwithstanding anything in the New Plan to the contrary, any award agreement may also provide for the cancellation or forfeiture of an award or the forfeiture and repayment to the Company of any cash or Common Stock issued under and/or any other benefit related to an award, or other provisions intended to have a similar effect, including upon such terms and conditions as may be required by the Committee and any applicable rules or regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any national securities exchange or national securities association on which the Common Stock may be traded.

Any award agreement (or any part thereof) may provide for the cancellation or forfeiture of an award or the forfeiture and repayment to the Company of any gain or earnings related to an award, or include other provisions intended to have a similar effect, upon such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Committee in accordance with (i) any Company clawback or recoupment policy, including the Incentive Recoupment Policy, and any other policies that are adopted to comply with the requirements of any applicable laws, rules, regulations, stock exchange listing standards or otherwise, or (ii) any applicable laws that impose mandatory clawback or recoupment requirements under the circumstances set forth in such laws, including as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or other applicable laws, rules, regulations, or stock exchange listing standards, as may be in effect from time to time, and which may operate to create additional rights for the Company with respect to awards and the recovery of amounts relating thereto. By accepting awards under the New Plan, the participants consent to be bound by the terms of the Clawback Policy, if applicable, and agree and acknowledge that they are obligated to cooperate with, and provide any and all assistance necessary to, the Company in its efforts to recover or recoup any award, any gains or earnings related to any award, or any other amount paid under the New Plan or otherwise subject to clawback or recoupment pursuant to such laws, rules, regulations, stock exchange listing standards or Company policy. Such cooperation and assistance shall include, but is not limited to, executing, completing and submitting any documentation necessary to facilitate the recovery or recoupment by the Company from the participants of any such amounts, including from the participants’ accounts or from any other compensation, to the extent permissible under Section 409A of the Code.

The following is a brief summary of certain of the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to New Plan participants and the Company, and is based upon an interpretation of present federal tax laws and regulations and may be inapplicable if such laws and regulations are changed. This summary, which is presented for the information of shareholders concerning how to vote on this proposal and not for New Plan participants, is not intended to be complete and does not describe federal taxes other than income taxes (such as Medicare and Social Security taxes), or state, local or foreign tax consequences.

Incentive Stock Option Rights. Options granted under the New Plan and designated as incentive stock options are intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Code. Under the provisions of Section 422 and the related

regulations, an optionee who has been granted an incentive stock option will not recognize income and the Company will not be entitled to a deduction at the time of the grant or exercise of the option; provided, however, that the difference between the value of the common stock received on the exercise date and the exercise price paid is an item of tax preference for purposes of determining the optionee’s alternative minimum tax. The taxation of gain or loss upon the sale of the common stock acquired upon exercise of an incentive stock option depends, in part, on whether the holding period of the common stock is at least (i) two years from the date the option was granted and (ii) one year from the date the common stock was transferred to the optionee. If this holding period is satisfied, any gain or loss recognized on a subsequent disposition of the common stock will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss. If this holding period is not met, then, upon such “disqualifying disposition” of the common stock, the optionee generally will recognize compensation, taxable as ordinary income, in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the common stock at the time of exercise over the option price limited, however, to the gain on sale. Any further gain or loss recognized by the optionee generally will be taxed as short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on the holding period. If the optionee recognizes ordinary income upon a disqualifying disposition, the Company generally will be entitled to a tax deduction in the same amount. If, however, the optionee meets the applicable holding period, the Company will not be entitled to a tax deduction with respect to capital gains recognized by the optionee. If an incentive stock option is exercised at a time when it no longer qualifies as an incentive stock option, the option will be treated as a nonqualified stock option.

Nonqualified Stock Option Rights and Appreciation Rights. An optionee will generally not recognize income at the time a nonqualified stock option is granted. Rather, the optionee recognizes compensation, taxable as ordinary income, only when the nonqualified stock option is exercised. The amount of income recognized is equal to the excess of the fair market value of the common stock received over the exercise price. Generally, the Company, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a tax deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the optionee. Upon a subsequent disposition of the common stock acquired under a nonqualified stock option, the optionee will recognize short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on the holding period.

Stock appreciation rights are treated very similar to nonqualified stock options for tax purposes. A participant receiving a stock appreciation right will not normally recognize any taxable income upon the grant of the stock appreciation right. Upon the exercise of the stock appreciation right, the participant will recognize compensation, taxable as ordinary income, equal to either: (i) the cash received upon the exercise or (ii) if common stock is received upon the exercise of the stock appreciation right, the fair market value of the common stock received. Generally, the Company, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a tax deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the participant.

Unrestricted Stock and Other Stock-Based Awards. The tax consequences of receiving common stock pursuant to a stock award under the New Plan are similar to receiving cash compensation from the Company, unless the common stock awarded is restricted stock (i.e., subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture). If the shares of common stock are unrestricted (i.e., not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture), the participant must recognize compensation, taxable as ordinary income, equal to the fair market value of the common stock received less any amount paid for common stock. The federal income tax consequences of other stock-based incentive awards will depend on how the awards are structured. Generally, the Company, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a deduction with respect to other incentive awards only to the extent that the recipient recognizes ordinary income in connection with such awards.

Restricted Stock. A participant that receives a restricted stock award under the New Plan will normally not be required to recognize income for federal income tax purposes at the time of grant, nor is the Company entitled to any deduction, to the extent that the common stock awarded has not vested (i.e., still subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture). When any part of a restricted stock award vests, the participant will recognize compensation, taxable as ordinary income, in an amount equal to the fair market value of the vested common stock on the vesting date less any amount paid for the restricted stock award. The participant may, however, make an election, referred to as a Section 83(b) election, within thirty days following the grant of the restricted stock award, to be taxed at the time of the grant of the award based on the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date (determined without regard to the restrictions). If a Section 83(b) election has not been made, any dividends received with respect to the restricted stock award prior to the lapse of the restrictions will be treated as additional compensation that is taxable

as ordinary income to the participant. Generally, the Company, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a deduction in the same amount and at the same time that the participant recognizes ordinary income. Upon the sale of the vested common stock, the participant will recognize short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on the holding period.

Restricted Stock Units. A participant who receives restricted stock units will not recognize taxable income, and the Company is not entitled to a deduction, at the time of grant. Rather, upon the settlement of units, the recipient of such units generally will be subject to tax at ordinary income rates on the fair market value of any common stock issued or cash paid in settlement of the award of such units, and the Company generally, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a deduction equal to the amount of the ordinary income recognized by the recipient. If the recipient receives shares of common stock upon settlement then, upon disposition of such shares, appreciation or depreciation after the settlement date is treated as either short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the shares have been held.

Performance Awards. A participant generally will not recognize income upon the grant of a performance award. Upon payment of the performance award, the participant generally will recognize compensation, taxable as ordinary income, in an amount equal to the cash received or, if the performance award is payable in common stock, the fair market value of the common stock received. When the participant recognizes ordinary income upon payment of a performance award, the Company generally, subject to any Section 162(m) limitation, will be entitled to a tax deduction in the same amount.

The following table sets forth information at December 31, 2024 with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance.

The following table shows the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned on the Record Date (except as otherwise noted) by:

Information concerning persons we know to be the beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock is based upon reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The following table sets forth our non-employee director compensation for 2024. Directors who are also employees of the Company do not receive any compensation for their service on the Board.

The aggregate fees (including out-of-pocket expenses) for professional services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP (“Ernst & Young”) for 2023 and 2024 for each of the following categories of services are set forth below:

The Audit Committee reviewed summaries of Ernst & Young’s services and related fees and concluded that Ernst & Young’s provision of services during 2023 and 2024 was compatible with maintaining Ernst & Young’s independence. All Ernst & Young services are pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee’s policy is to review in advance, and grant any appropriate pre-approvals of (i) all audit services to be performed by the independent auditor and (ii) all non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm as permitted by Section 10A of the Exchange Act, and, in connection therewith, to approve all fees and other terms of such engagement, provided that pre-approval of de minimis services shall not be required to the extent provided by, and subject to the requirements of, the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee will consider annually for pre-approval a list of specific services and categories of services, including audit and audit-related services, for the upcoming or current fiscal year. All non-audit services are approved by the Audit Committee in advance in accordance with the policy on a case-by-case basis. Any service that is not included in the approved list of services or that does not fit within the definition of a pre-approved service is required to be presented separately to the Audit Committee for consideration at its next regular meeting or, if earlier consideration is required, by other more expeditious means of communication. If the estimated fees for non-audit services are $50,000 or less, management may obtain approval from the Chairman of the Audit Committee in lieu of full Committee action. In 2024, all Ernst & Young professional fees were pre-approved in accordance with the Company’s pre-approval policies then in place.

The current Board size is eight directors. The Board has determined that each of its current directors and director nominees (Messrs. Betler, Jones, Kunz, Meyer, and Thompson, and Mses. Lee and Owen), except for Mr. Kasel, qualify as “independent” as defined by applicable Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) rules. Mr. Kasel is not considered to be independent because of his positions as our President and CEO. The Board also determined that Dirk Jungé qualified as “independent” as defined by applicable Nasdaq rules prior to his departure from the Board on May 23, 2024. In determining the independence of the directors, the Board also considered the independence criteria set forth in the Nasdaq rules as to compensation committee members before determining the independence of each of the members of the Compensation Committee, and also determined that all members of the Audit Committee qualify as “independent” for purposes of the rules promulgated under the Exchange Act specifically related to audit committee member independence. In making these determinations, the Board concluded that none of its directors or director nominees (other than Mr. Kasel) has a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out a director’s responsibilities. In its independence review, the Board also considered transactions, relationships, and arrangements between each director or director nominee, and their respective immediate family members and the Company or senior management. The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines do not establish term limits as the Company believes that term limits could deprive the Company of the insight developed by Board members over time. As an alternative to the term limits, the Nomination and Governance Committee periodically reviews each director’s tenure on the Board, and our director evaluation process provides for periodic reviews of each director’s performance. Additionally, except for special circumstances as determined by the Board, upon recommendation of the Nomination and Governance Committee, no director may be nominated for reelection or reappointment to the Board if he or she would be age 75 or older at the time of election or appointment.

Under the Nasdaq rules, Mr. Betler, Chairman of the Board, qualifies as an “independent” director. The Board has chosen not to combine Chairman of the Board and CEO positions at this time because it believes that Mr. Betler’s depth of public company and industry experience, combined with his detachment from management, make him the best qualified individual to serve as Chairman of the Board. This current structure of separating the roles of Chairman and CEO also allows for better alignment of corporate governance (including the risk oversight responsibilities of the Board) with the interests of shareholders in protecting the Company’s long-term enterprise value. The Board also believes that this structure allows our CEO to focus on operating and actively managing the Company and the Chairman to provide guidance and oversight. With independent members of the Board serving as chairpersons and members of our Board committees, this leadership structure further enables the Board to provide independent oversight of material risks affecting the Company that are within the purview of such committees as further described under “Board’s Role in Risk Oversight.” Since the Chairman of the Board and CEO roles are not currently combined, the Board has determined there is no need for a “lead independent director” position.

The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines include an expectation that all members of the Board then serving attend the annual meeting of shareholders. In 2024, each director then serving attended the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders with the exception of Mr. Jungé who retired and did not stand for reelection at the 2024 Annual Meeting in accordance with the Corporate Governance Guidelines.

During 2024, the Board held six meetings. All of the directors attended 100% of the meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served in 2024 (to the extent such directors were serving on the Board or such committees at the times of those meetings).

The Board is actively involved in overseeing risk management and provides oversight and monitoring of management’s assessment of major risks facing the Company and strategies for risk mitigation, including performing periodic reviews of the Company’s environmental, safety, cyber security, and data privacy programs, practices, and risk exposures. Operational and strategic presentations by management to the Board include consideration of the

foregoing challenges and risks to the Company’s business, which are discussed by the Board and management at every regularly scheduled Board meeting. The Board also reviews and discusses management reports which specifically address risk topics. The CEO, assisted by senior management, is the chief “risk officer” responsible for managing and mitigating the Company’s risks.

In addition, each of our Board committees considers risks that are relevant to the areas within its jurisdiction. For example, the Audit Committee reviews with management and the independent public accountants and internal auditor significant risks and exposures, and reviews, assesses, and oversees the steps management has taken to assess and manage such risks and exposures, particularly issues related to management policies and guidelines, financial reporting and control information services, business information services, business continuity, and physical asset conservation. Additionally, the Audit Committee reviews and oversees the Company’s risk management and strategy relating to cybersecurity, including (i) the Company’s processes for assessing, identifying, managing, and mitigating material risks from cybersecurity threats and emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (ii) whether any risks from cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company; (iii) the expertise of members of management with respect to assessing and managing risks from cybersecurity threats; and (iv) the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures with respect to material cybersecurity incidents. The Audit Committee, however, generally will defer to the (i) Compensation Committee for analysis and review of risks and exposures related to executive compensation and (ii) Nomination and Governance Committee for analysis and review of risks and exposures related to certain environmental, social, and governance issues, with input from any other committees, ad hoc or otherwise, in place from time to time. The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing the Company’s incentive compensation arrangements to determine whether they encourage excessive risk-taking, reviewing and discussing at least annually the relationship between risk management policies and practices and compensation, and evaluating compensation policies and practices that could mitigate any such risks. On an annual basis, the Nomination and Governance Committee evaluates the allocation of risk oversight duties among the Board and its committees by reviewing the structure, function and duties of the Board and its committees. The full Board reviews environmental risks, including climate change, as part of its oversight of corporate responsibility initiatives, and in 2022 created a select ad hoc Corporate Responsibility Committee of the Board to assist in these duties.

The Company strives to promote the highest standards of environmental performance, corporate governance, and ethical behavior across our global operations while growing our business in a responsible manner and investing in our people. The Board is responsible for the oversight and monitoring of management’s assessment of major risks and strategy for risk management, including performing periodic review of the Company’s environmental and safety programs and practices, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and Legal and Ethical Conduct Policy. The Board is regularly briefed on such matters and visits Company operations at least annually.

As part of its goal of good corporate stewardship, in 2022 the Board established a select ad hoc Corporate Responsibility Committee comprised of a Chair (Janet Lee), David Meyer, and the chairs of the standing Board Committees (Audit, Nomination and Governance, and Compensation) to assist the Board in oversight of the Company’s overall environmental and social policies, strategies, and programs. While management is responsible for development of the approach, implementing initiatives, and driving the overall programs, the new Committee reviews the application of relevant market and regulatory development measures to oversee and determine whether the Company’s initiatives are aligned with its long-term business strategies and the creation of shareholder value. The Committee reviews the Company’s environmental and social-related activities, programs and policies and whether they are addressed, as an oversight matter, through the Corporate Responsibility Committee or the Audit, Compensation, and Nomination & Governance Committees.

With a focus on improvement, the Company has adopted safety and environmental policies in support of long term environmental, health, and safety (“EHS”) excellence. We endeavor to meet or exceed our EHS goals. Among our core values are safety, teamwork, and innovation which we rely on in our endeavor to minimize pollution from our operations while also considering how our operations may create benefits for the communities in which we operate.

We aim to incorporate environmental, financial, and social considerations into our internal risk management analyses. We strive to develop best practices in EHS management based on the internationally recognized standard,

ISO 14001:2015. The Company’s environmental, health, safety, and sustainability systems are comprised of policies, procedures, and tools used to manage environmental performance in our facilities, including compliance, environmental footprint reduction, and pollution prevention. The system is a framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets, and focuses on environmental improvement programs. All facilities globally are required to implement the system, track progress, and perform self-audits.

The Company seeks to:

The Company strives to improve the impact we have on the environment and promote a safe workplace for our employees. EHS and related initiatives are integrated into short- and long-term strategies across our various businesses, and we have reporting systems in place across the Company to capture data on an ongoing basis.

We believe human capital management is key to the Company’s success. The Company is an equal opportunity employer and we seek to retain our employees through competitive compensation, benefits, and challenging work experiences with increasing levels of responsibility. The Compensation Committee is tasked with reviewing matters relating to human capital resources, including any human capital measures or objectives that management focuses on to address the attraction, development, and retention of personnel, and provide guidance to the Board and management on these matters as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate. Management reports to the Board on succession planning, allocation of talent, and alignment of compensation. The Company routinely uses both internal and external professional services experts for employee training and talent development. For additional information regarding our programs to promote a positive culture and attract and retain employees at the Company, see Part I, Item 1 of our 2024 Annual Report.

Our goal is to maintain a diverse Board comprised of directors possessing complementary and varied skills, qualities, perspectives, and experiences that together address the wide array of global, environmental, governance, business, and social issues relevant to the Company. The Nomination and Governance Committee periodically reviews director skills, backgrounds, and tenure in order to confirm that the directors’ experiences will assist the Company to execute on its business strategies, identify any skill gaps on the Board, and formulate refreshment plans to address the same. For example, directors who recently joined the Board bring specific skills to the Board, including Mr. Kunz (concrete and aggregates building products experience), Mr. Thompson (public company and finance experience), Ms. Lee (public company experience, including cybersecurity, intellectual property, legal, and regulatory compliance), Mr. Meyer (manufacturing and rail industry experience), and Mr. Jones (capital allocation, public markets and a shareholder perspective, including relating to enhancing shareholder value). The Board believes that this balance of diverse backgrounds, experiences, continuity, and refreshment helps the Board most effectively serve the Company and its shareholders. With respect to demographic background, of our eight directors, one is an Asian female, one is a White female, one is an African-American or Black male, and five are White males.

Shareholders and other parties interested in communicating directly with the Chairman of the Board or with the non-management directors as a group may do so by writing to L.B. Foster Company, 415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, PA 15220, Attn: Chairman of the Board or Attn: Independent Directors; such parties may also email the Corporate Secretary at corporatesecretary@lbfoster.com. The Corporate Secretary of the Company will review all such correspondence and shall regularly forward to the Board a summary of all such correspondence and copies of all correspondence that, in the opinion of the Corporate Secretary, deal with the functions of the Board or committees thereof or that otherwise require the Board’s attention. The Corporate Secretary may exclude items that are not related to Board duties and responsibilities, such as junk mail and mass mailings; product complaints and product inquiries; job inquiries and resumes; advertisements or solicitations; and surveys. Concerns relating to accounting, internal controls, or auditing are referred to the Audit Committee Chair who may direct such matters to the Company’s internal audit department or handle them in accordance with procedures established by the Audit Committee for such matters.

Historically, the Board has had three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nomination and Governance Committee, each of which is comprised of independent directors, as defined by applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules. Each of the committees has a written charter approved by the Board. In December 2022, the Board created a select ad hoc Corporate Responsibility Committee, which includes an independent chair and the independent chairs of the three standing Board committees, and also approved a written charter for its operation to assist with the coordination and oversight of the Company’s environmental and social-related activities, programs and policies.

The current members of the Audit Committee are Mr. Thompson (Chair), Ms. Owen, Mr. Kunz, Mr. Meyer, and Mr.  Jones. The Board has determined that each Audit Committee member is sufficiently proficient in reading and understanding the Company’s financial statements to serve on the Audit Committee and that each member is independent as defined by applicable Nasdaq and SEC rules. Messrs. Thompson and Kunz and Ms. Owen are each an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under applicable rules of the SEC.

The Audit Committee, which held twelve meetings during 2024, is responsible for reviewing: the Company’s audited financial reports and interim financial reports; the Company’s systems of internal controls regarding finance, accounting and legal compliance that management and the Board have established; the Company’s auditing, accounting and financial reporting processes; and the Company’s cybersecurity strategy. The Audit Committee’s Charter is posted on the Company’s investor relations website, lbfostercompany.gcs-web.com under the “Governance” tab.

The current members of the Compensation Committee are Messrs. Kunz (Chair) and Betler and Ms. Lee. The Compensation Committee, which held six meetings in 2024, is responsible for approving and overseeing and, recommending, as deemed appropriate or advisable, to the Board for approval of, the Company’s compensation policies and objectives for officers. The Compensation Committee has the authority under its charter to delegate its authority, duties, and responsibilities (or functions) to one or more members of the Compensation Committee or the Board, and/or to the Company’s officers, when appropriate, but no such delegation shall be permitted if the authority is required by law, regulation, or listing standard to be exercised by the Compensation Committee as a whole or is otherwise prohibited by law, regulation, or listing standard. Upon recommendation of the CEO, the Compensation Committee routinely approves restricted stock awards that vest ratably over three years to key non-executive employees in recognition of performance and as a retention tool under the applicable equity plan. The Compensation Committee’s Charter is available at the Company’s investor relations website lbfostercompany.gcs-web.com under the “Governance” tab.

The Compensation Committee currently uses a “Comparator Group” of sixteen similarly-sized companies for executive and director compensation benchmarking purposes based on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee’s executive compensation consultant, Pay Governance, LLC (the “Consultant”).

The Compensation Committee has authority to engage consultants, legal counsel, and other advisors, and retained the Consultant to provide consulting services on the Company’s executive compensation practices and appropriate levels of, and structures for, executive compensation. The use of a consultant provides additional

assurance that our executive compensation programs are reasonable, competitive, and consistent with our objectives. The Consultant is engaged directly by the Compensation Committee, regularly participates, as appropriate, in its meetings, including executive sessions of the Committee that exclude management, and advises the Compensation Committee with respect to compensation trends and best practices, plan design, and the reasonableness of compensation awards. In addition, with respect to the CEO, the Consultant prepares specific compensation analyses for the Compensation Committee’s consideration. The CEO does not participate in the development of these analyses.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Consultant provided no services to the Company other than executive compensation consulting services to the Compensation Committee and non-employee director compensation consulting services to the Nomination and Governance Committee as described below. The Compensation Committee assessed the independence of the Consultant pursuant to SEC rules and concluded that there were no conflicts of interest. At least annually, the Committee reviews the types of advice and services provided by the Consultant and the fees charged for those services. The Consultant reports directly to the Compensation Committee on all executive compensation matters; regularly meets separately with the Compensation Committee outside the presence of management; and speaks separately with the Compensation Committee chair and other Compensation Committee members between meetings, as needed.

The Compensation Committee gives significant weight to the CEO’s recommendations regarding other executive officers’ compensation; such other executive officers are not present when their compensation is being determined. The CEO is not present when his compensation is being determined.

For information regarding the role of consultant in non-employee director compensation, see “Nomination and Governance Committee.”

In designing incentive plans, the Company attempts to mitigate risk by avoiding unintended compensation windfalls. Attention is devoted to avoiding incentives that may encourage excessive risk-taking.

The Compensation Committee has considered whether other elements of the executive compensation program promote risk taking at levels that are unacceptable to the Company. The Compensation Committee considered the following factors related to risk:

The Company believes that the above factors, as well as the overall governance and administration of the executive compensation program, serve to manage risk in a manner that is acceptable to the Company and its shareholders and that such compensation policies and practices do not encourage our executives or other employees to take excessive risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

For more information regarding the Compensation Committee’s processes and procedures for setting executive compensation, see the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section of this Proxy Statement.

The current members of the Nomination and Governance Committee are Ms. Owen (Chair), Mr. Thompson, and Ms. Lee.

The Nomination and Governance Committee, which held four meetings in 2024, is responsible for overseeing corporate governance, proposing director nominees to the full Board, recommending which directors should serve on various Board committees, and recommending who should serve as Chair of the Board and chair of each of the Board’s committees. The Nomination and Governance Committee also recommends to the full Board appropriate compensation for non-employee directors.

The Nomination and Governance Committee endeavors to maintain a Board consisting of individuals that possess the minimum qualifications of being financially literate and whose experiences and backgrounds will enable the Board to provide meaningful counsel to, and oversight of, management, including, without limitation, possession of such knowledge, experience, skills, expertise, integrity, ability to make independent analytical inquiries, understanding of the Company’s strategies and global business environment, and willingness to devote adequate time and effort to Board responsibilities so as to enhance the Board’s ability to oversee and direct the affairs and business of the Company. The Nomination and Governance Committee recommends to the full Board nominees who will create and maintain a Board that satisfies applicable legal and regulatory requirements. In support of these goals, the Nomination and Governance Committee oversees the directors’ continuing education, which includes seminars focused on strategic and governance issues and discussions with outside advisors. The Nomination and Governance Committee, with the Chairman of the Board, oversees an annual evaluation of the Board’s performance. The Nomination and Governance Committee’s Charter is available on the Company’s investor relations website, lbfostercompany.gcs-web.com under the “Governance” tab.

Candidates for nomination to the Board may be suggested by current directors, management, shareholders, or a third-party search firm engaged to assist with director recruitment. When the Nomination and Governance Committee engages a third-party search firm, it generally provides the third-party search firm with guidance as to the skills, experience, and qualifications that the Nomination and Governance Committee is seeking in potential candidates, and the search firm identifies candidates for the Nomination and Governance Committee’s consideration. Once candidates have been identified, the Nomination and Governance Committee generally evaluates an individual’s skills, experiences, perspectives, and qualifications against the criteria it has adopted in the context of the Board’s then-current composition and the needs of the Board and its Committees, conducts an interview process and third-party background check, and makes recommendations to the Board for election. The Committee routinely reviews director refreshment in the context of anticipated vacancies and changing needs of the Company. Refreshment discussions are led by the Committee Chair.

In selecting nominees for election to the Board, the Nomination and Governance Committee will consider submissions from shareholders and will consider and evaluate shareholder-recommended nominees in the same manner as other nominees. A shareholder wishing to recommend a nominee may notify the Corporate Secretary or any member of the Nomination and Governance Committee in writing and provide the information required by Section 2.05 of the Company’s Bylaws, including the following:

Submissions should be sent to the Company’s principal executive offices, 415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, PA 15220, Attn: Corporate Secretary. Please see “Additional Information” on page 67 for the applicable deadlines for submitting proposals relating to director nominations. The foregoing summary of our shareholder director nomination procedures is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Company’s Bylaws that has been publicly filed with the SEC and is available at www.sec.gov.

On January 25, 2024, (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Cooperation Agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with 22NW Fund, LP, 22NW LP, 22NW Fund GP, LLC, 22NW GP, Inc., Aron R. English, Bryson O. Hirai-Hadley, and Alexander B. Jones (each, an “Investor” and collectively the “Investors” or the “Investor Group”). Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Board chose to nominate Mr. Jones for election to the Board at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “2024 Annual Meeting”) and agreed, among other matters, to, subject to Mr. Jones’ election by the shareholders at the 2024 Annual Meeting, appoint Mr. Jones to at least one Committee of the Board. Mr. Jones was elected to the Board at the 2024 Annual Meeting and, in connection therewith, his position as Board Observer was terminated. The Company has also nominated Mr. Jones to stand for re-election at the 2025 Annual Meeting, which nomination resulted in the extension of the termination date under the Cooperation Agreement (the “Standstill Period”) to the date that is 30 calendar days prior to the expiration of the advance notice period for the submission by shareholders of director nominations for consideration at the Company’s 2026 Annual Meeting.

The Cooperation Agreement also requires the Investor Group, at the Annual Meeting and during the pendency of the Standstill Period, to take certain actions, including to vote, or cause to be voted, all shares of common stock beneficially owned by each member of the Investor Group in favor of (i) each of the directors nominated by the Board and recommended by the Board in the election of directors (and not in favor of any other nominees to serve on the Board), and (ii) each of the shareholder proposals listed on the Company’s proxy card or voting instruction form as identified in the Company’s proxy statement in accordance with the Board’s recommendations, including in favor of all other matters recommended for shareholder approval by the Board; provided, however, that in the event that Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) recommends otherwise with respect to any proposals (other than the election or removal of directors), each of the Investors shall be permitted to vote in accordance with the ISS recommendation; provided, further, that each of the Investors shall be permitted to vote in their sole discretion with respect to any publicly announced proposals relating to a merger, acquisition, disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or other business combination involving the Company requiring a vote of shareholders of the Company. See “Stock Ownership” for more information regarding the Cooperation Agreement and the Investors’ obligations during the Standstill Period.

Under the Cooperation Agreement, the Company agreed that Mr. Jones will receive (i) the same benefits of director and officer insurance, and any indemnity and exculpation arrangements available generally to the directors on the Board, (ii) the same compensation for his service as a director as the compensation received by other non-management directors on the Board with similar Board assignments, and (iii) such other benefits on the same basis as all other non-management directors on the Board.

In the Cooperation Agreement, the Company and the Investors have also agreed to customary standstill, confidentiality, non-disparagement, and other provisions and have made customary representations and warranties.

The Nomination and Governance Committee determines appropriate levels of compensation for our non-employee directors by reviewing surveys and data from other publicly-traded companies and conferring with other directors, and outside advisors as necessary, to obtain information on competitive compensation practices. The Nomination and Governance Committee uses this information as a tool to determine appropriate levels of

non-employee director compensation. The Nomination and Governance Committee then makes recommendations regarding non-employee director compensation to the Board for approval, which recommendations have included reduction in compensation, maintenance of current levels, and increases consistent with industry and peer practice. The Committee commissioned director compensation assessments by the Consultant, most recently in February 2025, The Consultant compared the Company’s directors’ compensation levels and program practices to those of the Company’s comparator group and a broader set of over 150 general industry companies of similar size to L.B. Foster. The Consultant also informed the Nomination and Governance Committee of current trends and practices in directors’ compensation, which includes shareholder approval of limits applicable to director compensation. The compensation for non-employee directors had remained unchanged since 2023 when, upon the recommendation of the Consultant, compensation was adjusted consistent with industry norms effective as of the date of the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. In 2025, consistent with historic practice, the Nomination and Governance Committee commissioned a Consultant assessment of non-employee compensation and, upon its recommendation, approved a $10,000 increase in the value of the annual equity award; all cash compensation remained unchanged at 2023 levels.

The select ad hoc Corporate Responsibility Committee was formed in December 2022 and is comprised of Chair (Ms. Lee), and the chairs of the other standing Board Committees (Mr. Thompson - Audit, Ms. Owen - Nomination and Governance, and Mr. Kunz - Compensation), and Mr. Meyer. The Committee did not have any formal meetings in 2024 after the issuance of the Company’s first Sustainability Report that year, but jointly reviewed that Report and approved its Charter with the Nomination and Governance Committee in May and October, 2024. The purpose of the Committee is to assist the Board in oversight of the Company’s overall environmental and social policies, strategies, and programs. While management is responsible for development of the approach, implementing initiatives, and driving the overall programs, this new Committee reviews the application of relevant market and regulatory measures to oversee and determine whether the Company’s initiatives are aligned with its long-term business strategies and the creation of shareholder value. The Committee reviews the Company’s environmental and social-related activities, programs and policies and whether they are addressed, as an oversight matter, through the Corporate Responsibility Committee or the Audit, Compensation, and Nomination and Governance Committees.

The Company is committed to providing directors with opportunities and resources for continuing education for corporate governance and business-related issues as may be appropriate, including Company-paid membership in national director associations which provide educational opportunities, and routinely has third parties provide presentations on current legal, governance, compensation, and accounting matters during Board meetings. The Nomination and Governance Committee organizes one annual training for all Board members, disseminates continuing education materials collected by directors, and provides time for directors to discuss issues and best practices addressed in seminars or programs with the other directors on a regular basis.

The Board assesses the effectiveness of the Board and its committees on an annual basis through an evaluation process that involves engagement with individual directors, each committee, and the Board as a whole. The assessment addresses topics such as structure and effectiveness of meetings, membership, materials and communications, and director duties and responsibilities. In addition, each director evaluates the performance characteristics of every director and the Chair, who then engages in candid discussions with each member regarding the feedback.

The Company adopted a code of conduct and ethics that applies to all the Company’s directors, officers, and employees, including its CEO, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer. We have posted a current copy of the code, entitled “Legal and Ethical Conduct Policy,” on our investor relations website, lbfostercompany.gcs-web.com under the “Governance” tab.

Within five years of first being elected to the Board, the Company’s non-employee directors are expected to own Company common stock equal to four times their respective annual cash compensation for services as a director. All non-employee directors serving in 2024 were compliant with these Guidelines.

The Company is not aware of any transaction since the beginning of 2024, or any currently proposed transaction, in which the Company was, or is to be, a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and in which any of the Company’s directors, executive officers, greater than five percent shareholders, or certain family members of any of the foregoing persons or business entities with which such persons are affiliated had or will have a material interest, directly or indirectly. The Company’s written Legal and Ethical Conduct Policy generally addresses the topic of conflicts of interest, which includes transactions qualifying as “related party transactions.” In addition, on an annual basis, the Company requires each director, executive officer, and salaried employee to disclose in writing any situations which may give rise to a conflict of interest. The Company’s Internal Audit Department reviews and summarizes any such disclosures. The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and, if appropriate, approving related party transactions as defined under Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K. A review of potential related party transactions is undertaken by the Company’s Internal Audit Department and the General Counsel based on annual disclosures made by management and directors, supplemented from time to time based upon changing circumstances, and the Audit Committee is updated at every regular meeting with respect to any such transactions that require consideration.

All members of the Compensation Committee are independent directors, and none are present or past employees or officers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. No member of the Compensation Committee has had any relationship with the Company requiring disclosure under Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K. The Company’s executive officers have not served on the board or compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity, whose executive officers have served on the Company’s Board or Compensation Committee.

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s officers and directors and person who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership of such securities with the SEC. The SEC has established specific due dates for these reports and we are required to disclose in this Proxy Statement any known late filings or failures to file.

Based solely on our review of Section 16 reports filed electronically with the SEC and written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to the Company’s officers, directors and more than 10% shareholders were satisfied.

The Company has adopted an insider trading policy and procedures that govern the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of the Company’s securities by directors, officers, and employees, and has implemented related procedures for the Company itself. We believe that our insider trading policy and procedures are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and applicable listing standards.

The Company’s Insider Trading Policy recognizes that hedging or monetization transactions can be accomplished through a number of possible mechanisms that are designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of a company’s equity securities, including through the use of financial instruments such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds. Such hedging transactions may permit a director, officer, or employee to continue to own Company securities obtained through employee benefit plans or otherwise, but without the full risks and rewards of ownership. When that occurs, the director, officer, or employee may no longer have the same objectives as the Company’s other shareholders. Therefore, directors, officers, and employees are prohibited from engaging in any such transactions. This Policy similarly prohibits directors, officers, and other employees from holding Company securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging Company securities as collateral for a loan.

In this Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”), we summarize the compensation awarded to our executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table on page 51. We refer to these executive officers as our “named executive officers” or “NEOs.”

For 2024, the NEOs were:

The Company’s Compensation Committee (referred to in this CD&A as the “Committee”) maintains a compensation philosophy that:

To this end, the Company’s executive compensation program is designed to be balanced and reasonable and allow the Company to attract and retain skilled talent to execute on our strategic plans. Compensation opportunities are determined with reference to the 50^th percentile or median of the market for positions of similar responsibility. In designing our plans, we do not use highly-leveraged incentives that we believe could drive risky short-term behavior.

The Committee has implemented the following practices with respect to the Company’s executive compensation program:

Executive officers’ compensation includes base salary, annual cash incentive awards, and equity-based long-term incentive awards. The Committee aligns a significant portion of executive officer compensation with the Company’s performance relative to pre-established performance goals based on stated Company financial objectives, which are designed to drive the creation of long-term value for our shareholders. The Committee administers both short-term and long-term incentive compensation plans within its executive compensation structure, and the main features of the executive compensation program are as follows:

Annual and long-term performance goals are approved by the Committee at the beginning of each plan after consideration of the Company’s prior year performance, budgeted performance for the performance period, and anticipated market and economic conditions for the performance period.

In May 2024, we held a shareholder advisory vote on the compensation paid to our NEOs, which resulted in the approval, by a significant margin, of the 2023 compensation paid to our NEOs, with over 99% of votes cast in favor of our say-on-pay proposal. Based on this feedback, and as the Company evaluated its compensation policies and practices throughout the remainder of 2024, our Board chose to make no significant changes to our existing executive incentive programs.

In connection with the Committee’s determination of 2024 executive compensation, the Company was mindful of the strong support our shareholders expressed for our pay-for-performance philosophy, which is designed to link the compensation paid to our executive officers, including NEOs, to the Company’s financial and share price performance in order to ensure that we are delivering value to our shareholders and not merely performing well against our peers.

The remainder of this CD&A is divided into three parts:

The compensation of our CEO, John F. Kasel, consists of three major components: base salary, annual cash incentives, and long-term incentives in the form of equity awards. Mr. Kasel was paid a base salary at an annual rate of $675,000 until March 1, 2024, at which time his annual salary rate was increased to $742,500, which was more closely aligned with the market base compensation for Mr. Kasel’s role and responsibilities.

Mr. Kasel’s 2024 annual cash incentive awards were calculated relative to performance goals established at the beginning of the performance period and as described under the 2024 Annual Plan on page 41. Mr. Kasel’s target annual cash incentive award remained at 100% of his base salary. As a result of the Company’s performance in 2024, as further described below, Mr. Kasel earned an annual cash incentive payout under the 2024 Annual Plan of $796,193. Mr. Kasel’s long-term incentive equity award target for 2024 was $1,200,000. This award increased Mr. Kasel’s percentage of performance-based at-risk compensation, establishing a strong link between Mr. Kasel’s pay and the Company’s performance.

Mr. Kasel’s compensatory arrangements were established following guidance of the Company’s independent compensation consultant and after consideration of the market and the Comparator Group’s pay practices as more fully described under “Overview of Compensation Framework.”

Each of our other NEOs, other than Mr. Kasel, is a leader of an individual business or function of the Company, and all report directly to the CEO. The CEO develops the objectives that each other NEO is expected to achieve, and against which each NEO’s performance is assessed. These objectives are reviewed with the Committee at the beginning of each year and are derived largely from the Company’s annual financial and strategic planning sessions in which the other NEOs participate and the Board reviews. The CEO leads the assessment of each other NEO’s individual performance against these objectives, as well as the Company’s overall performance and the performance of each NEO’s business or function. The CEO then makes a compensation recommendation to the Committee for each NEO in consultation with the Company’s EVP, Human Resources and Administration and other senior management members of human resources. The NEOs, including the CEO, do not participate in the final determination of their own compensation.

As discussed above, the Company’s general process involves using proxy statement data from the Comparator Group companies, a compensation survey, and the input of the independent compensation consultant, to determine competitive compensation levels for the NEOs and the other executive officers of the Company. As with the CEO, the NEOs’ compensation consists of three major components: base salary, annual cash incentives, and long-term incentives in the form of equity awards.

Determination of base salaries for the non-CEO NEOs is described further on page 41. Annual cash incentive awards for these NEOs were determined in accordance with the 2024 Annual Plan, as described on page 41 and their long-term incentive equity awards were granted in accordance with the long-term incentive program (the “LTIP”), as described on page 43.

The Company seeks to attract and retain talented and qualified executives through the use of compensation programs that are balanced and competitive. The Committee pursues this goal through its approval of executive officer compensation and, in the case of the CEO, recommending that the Board ratify his compensatory

arrangements. The Committee’s executive compensation philosophy is to align compensation with Company performance by rewarding initiative and positive financial and operating results, while being mindful of the current business climate.

The Committee generally aligns executive officer compensation with the Company’s performance in order to drive short-term achievement and create long-term shareholder value. Our compensation program reflects the goals of consistent behavior and balancing short and long-term interests. Due to the Company’s product mix and distinct manufacturing and distribution businesses, our Company does not have true “peers” among publicly-traded companies and, for this reason, the Committee believes that Company-specific performance measures, as opposed to performance goals measured relative to peer company performance, are most appropriate to incentivize management to achieve the business goals of the Company. Further, annual and long-term performance measures include a mix of factors to avoid over-emphasis on any single measure. Such measures include goals for both profitability and efficient use of capital. A significant portion of the executive officers’ potential compensation is variable and earned under incentive plans that are based on the Company’s performance and the value delivered to the Company’s shareholders.

The Committee’s objective is to pay executives fairly and competitively. Executive pay is measured against the Comparator Group and other market data (described below) to confirm that compensation is within the range of competitive practices. Each year, to assist in its compensation decisions to determine market rates for overall compensation and each pay component, the Committee reviews market data drawn from the following sources: (i) the compensation practices of the Comparator Group and (ii) and general industry survey data compiled and published by independent third-party providers.

As stated above, the Committee does not believe the Company has true “peers” among publicly-traded organizations. Accordingly, the Committee reviews the compensation of certain publicly-traded companies that it believes are most comparable to the Company. The Comparator Group was selected based on the following criteria:

The Committee reviews the Comparator Group each year, and used the following 16 Comparator Group companies for 2024 executive compensation purposes:

The Company’s overall executive compensation program is intended to create long-term value by retaining and rewarding outstanding leaders and motivating them to perform at the highest level. Incentives are designed to reward financial and operating performance. After considering the compensation practices of the Comparator Group and the survey data from independent third-party providers, the Committee exercises its judgment in making decisions on individual executive compensation components, including the amount and allocation of compensation. The Committee annually reviews and, if appropriate, adjusts these compensation components based on market and business conditions. The Annual Plan and LTIP program include both profitability and capital-efficiency based targets.

The Committee believes that a significant portion of an executive’s compensation should be delivered through performance-based incentive compensation. Each year, the Committee identifies a variety of financial metrics and establishes rigorous annual and three-year performance goals as the basis for motivating and rewarding executives and aligning compensation with the performance of the Company. Management and the Compensation Committee believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an important metric to drive both short and long-term performance of the Company. The Annual Plan and LTIP performance targets are set at the beginning of each annual and three-year period, respectively, and, in the case of the LTIP, reflect increasing levels of achievement required for each year in the three-year performance period, with a heavier weighting assigned to the last year in the performance period to provide a greater incentive for longer-term achievement.

If the Company’s performance exceeds our goals and expectations, the incentive plans pay above the targeted level. If the Company’s performance falls below our goals and expectations, the incentive plans pay either below the targeted level, or nothing if threshold performance is not met. The 2024 Annual Plan and the PSU component of the LTIP include payout limits to prevent excessive payments and discourage executives from taking excessive risk with the business that may be contrary to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. In 2024, target compensation for current NEOs was allocated among each compensation element as follows (shown for the CEO and the other NEOs on an average basis).

Compensation of our NEOs includes base salary, annual cash incentive awards, and long-term equity awards paid under the LTIP. Mr. Kasel’s base salary and other incentive compensation were determined by the Compensation Committee after conferring with its independent compensation consultant, taking into consideration Mr. Kasel’s experience, Comparator Group companies’ practices, the Company’s compensation practices as described above, the Company’s overall budgeted and forecasted compensation spending plan, and general industry survey data. The salary and incentive compensation of the other NEOs are determined by following the same process.

Base salaries are reviewed annually and any increases are effective on March 1^st for all NEOs. In 2024, base salary increases for each NEO were made according to historic practice after considering each NEO’s performance, retention, alignment with the corporate strategy, execution of strategic initiatives to drive shareholder value, and reviewing compensation data from the Comparator Group and other similarly-sized organizations included in the survey data from independent third-party providers. With respect to the Comparator Group and the survey data, compensation adjustments are made with reference to the 50^th percentile.

The 2024 Annual Plan was designed to provide performance-based cash compensation for the performance period of January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 and align NEO compensation with the achievement of performance goals that support the Company’s business strategy. The Committee approved the following 2024 performance measures and goals for the awards under the Annual Plan:

To determine a NEO’s annual incentive opportunity, base salary is multiplied by a target percentage to obtain a target award. Target percentages for each NEO’s position approximate the market median. For the 2024 Annual Plan, each NEO was assigned the following target opportunity expressed as a percentage of base salary:

The table below illustrates the 2024 performance measures and weighting applicable to the 2024 Annual Plan, as assigned to each NEO:

The actual individual payments to NEOs are calculated based on individual NEO target award opportunity multiplied by the actual level of attainment of each performance metric relative to performance goals established at the beginning of the performance period.

The 2024 performance goals and payout percentage for each metric are summarized below:

The above described 2024 Annual Plan structure resulted in a calculated achievement payout of 102.1% for Corporate and 144.0% for Rail. The Annual Plan permits the Compensation Committee to adjust payouts up or down 15% based on operational and individual performance, at the Committee’s sole discretion, with total payouts capped at 200% of target. In recognition of the Company achieving the best safety performance in its history in each of the measured rates (Recordable Injuries, Lost Time, Days Away/Restricted Days), the CEO recommended that the Compensation Committee apply a favorable performance modifier of 5%. The Compensation Committee agreed and approved this increase to the final metric achievement results as follows: 107.2% for Corporate and 151.2% for Rail.

The 2024 Annual Plan results were calculated as set forth below for Messrs. Kasel, Thalman, Guinee, Kelly, and Lippard:

Actual cash incentive awards earned and paid to the NEOs under the 2024 Annual Plan are included in the Summary Compensation Table on page 51.

The LTIP provides (i) NEOs with an incentive to remain with the Company, (ii) a means for NEOs to build ownership in the Company, and (iii) alignment with the value of NEOs’ awards and the Company’s long-term financial performance. In 2024, the Committee approved annual grants of equity to each NEO, consisting of two components: time-vested restricted stock and PSUs.

For each NEO, 40% of the target long-term incentive value was granted in the form of time-vested restricted stock, which vests ratably in one-third installments over a three-year period from grant. The average closing price per share of the Company’s common stock during the last 15 calendar days of April 2024 was used to determine the number of shares granted to each NEO. The Committee believes that restricted stock awards recognize the cyclicality of the Company’s markets, promote executive retention and build ownership in the Company. Restricted stock also aligns our NEOs’ compensation and Company performance by conditioning a portion of the incentive opportunity upon appreciation of share value.

The remaining 60% of each NEO’s target long-term incentive award for 2024 was granted in the form of PSUs, with the number of units determined in the same manner as the portion granted in restricted stock for each NEO, including the CEO.

The PSUs granted in 2024 have a performance period of January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2026, and will be paid in shares of the Company’s common stock, if earned, based on the Company’s achievement of two equally-weighted performance goals established at the beginning of the three-year performance period of (i) Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾, calculated with reference to the Economic Profit earned for each calendar year in the performance period; and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ measured each year of the three-year performance period. Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾ and Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ targets were established at the beginning of the three-year period at a level that requires growth in Company profitability and economic returns. The PSUs are designed to align compensation and Company performance by making our NEOs’ long-term incentive compensation over a three-year performance period contingent upon the Company’s Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾ and Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ achievement from 2024 through 2026.

In 2024, the Committee approved the following target long-term incentive values for each NEO, to be allocated between restricted stock awards and PSUs:

Based on these target values, the NEOs were awarded the following restricted shares and PSUs:

The number of PSUs which may be earned at the end of each annual period in the 2024-2026 three-year performance plan will be determined in accordance with the following formula, with performance evaluated at the end of each annual period and shares earned at a rate of 30% in the first year, 30% in the second year, and 40% in the third year, with any shares earned in such period to vest and settle at the end of the three-year performance period, generally subject to continued employment:

(PSUs awarded (at target) x Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾ % of Target Payout Earned x 0.50) +

(PSUs awarded (at target) x Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ % of Target Payout Earned x 0.50) = Total Earned PSUs

The performance goals applicable to the PSU awards granted to our NEOs in the 2023 – 2025 Plan were equally weighted as Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾ and Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ with annual targets established at the beginning of the three-year performance period of January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2025 that are weighted 30%, 30% and 40%. The formulas applicable to each of the annual Economic Profit Improvement⁽⁵⁾ and annual Adjusted EBITDA⁽¹⁾ metrics are described on page 45 of our proxy statement filed on April 12, 2024.