Equity securities risk. The price of equity securities may decline due to changes in a company’s financial condition or overall market conditions.
ESG integration
risk. The manager considers ESG factors that it deems relevant or additive, along with
other material factors and analysis, when managing the fund. ESG factors may include, but are not limited to, matters regarding board diversity, climate change policies, and supply
chain and human rights policies. The manager may consider these ESG factors on all or a meaningful portion of the fund’s investments. Incorporating ESG criteria and making investment decisions based on certain ESG characteristics, as determined by the manager, carries the risk that the fund may perform differently, including underperforming, funds that do not utilize ESG criteria, or funds that utilize different ESG criteria.
Fixed-income securities risk. A rise in interest rates typically causes bond prices to fall. The longer the average maturity or
duration of the bonds held by a fund, the more sensitive it will likely be to interest-rate fluctuations. An issuer may not make all interest payments or repay all or any of the
principal borrowed. Changes in a security’s credit quality may adversely affect fund performance.
Floating rate loans risk. Floating rate loans are generally rated below investment-grade and are generally considered
speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt instruments.
Foreign securities risk. Less information may be publicly available regarding foreign issuers, including foreign government
issuers. Foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes and may be more volatile than U.S. securities. Currency fluctuations and political and economic developments may adversely impact the value of foreign securities. If applicable, depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to liquidity risk.
Hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions risk. Hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions may increase a fund’s volatility and could produce
disproportionate losses, potentially more than the fund’s principal investment. Risks of these transactions are different from and possibly greater than risks of investing
directly in securities and other traditional instruments. Under certain market conditions, derivatives could become harder to value or sell and may become subject to liquidity risk
(i.e., the inability to enter into closing transactions). Derivatives and other strategic transactions that the fund intends to utilize include: credit default swaps; foreign
currency forward contracts; foreign currency swaps; futures contracts; interest-rate swaps; options; and options on futures. Foreign currency forward contracts, futures contracts,
options, and swaps generally are subject to counterparty risk. In addition, swaps may be subject to interest-rate and settlement risk, and the risk of default of the underlying
reference obligation. Derivatives associated with foreign currency transactions are subject to currency risk.
High portfolio turnover risk. Trading securities actively and frequently can increase transaction costs (thus lowering performance)
and taxable distributions.
Illiquid and restricted securities risk. Illiquid and restricted securities may be difficult to value and may involve greater risks than liquid
securities. Illiquidity may have an adverse impact on a particular security’s market price and the fund’s ability to sell the security.
Large company
risk. Larger companies may grow more slowly than smaller companies or be slower to respond
to business developments. Large-capitalization securities may underperform the market as a whole.
LIBOR discontinuation risk. The official publication of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which many debt securities, derivatives and other
financial instruments traditionally utilized as the reference or benchmark rate for interest rate calculations, was discontinued as of June 30, 2023. However, a subset of British pound sterling and U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will continue to be published on a “synthetic” basis. The synthetic publication of the three-month sterling LIBOR will continue until March 31, 2024, and the publication of the one-, three- and six-month U.S. dollar LIBOR will continue until September 30, 2024. The discontinuation of LIBOR and a transition to replacement rates may lead to volatility and illiquidity in markets and may adversely affect the fund’s performance.
Liquidity
risk. The extent (if at all) to which a security may be sold or a derivative position
closed without negatively impacting its market value may be impaired by reduced market activity or participation, legal restrictions, or other economic and market impediments.
Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments due to higher than normal redemption rates. Widespread selling of fixed-income securities to satisfy redemptions
during periods of reduced demand may adversely impact the price or salability of such securities. Periods of heavy redemption could cause the fund to sell assets at a loss or depressed value, which could negatively affect performance. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of declining or illiquid markets.
Loan participations
risk. Participations and assignments involve special types of risks, including credit
risk, interest-rate risk, counterparty risk, liquidity risk, risks associated with extended settlement, and the risks of being a lender.
Lower-rated and high-yield fixed-income securities risk. Lower-rated and high-yield fixed-income securities (junk bonds) are subject to greater credit quality risk, risk of default, and price volatility than higher-rated fixed-income securities, may be considered speculative, and can be difficult to resell.
Mortgage-backed and
asset-backed securities risk. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are subject to
different combinations of prepayment, extension, interest-rate, and other market risks. Factors that impact the value of these securities include interest rate changes, the
reliability of available information, credit quality or enhancement, and market perception.
Operational and cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity breaches may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, customer data, or proprietary
information, or cause a fund or its service providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. Similar incidents affecting issuers of a fund’s securities
may negatively impact performance. Operational risk may arise from human error, error by third parties, communication errors, or technology failures, among other
causes.
Preferred and convertible securities risk. Preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board. Preferred stock
may be subject to redemption provisions. The market values of convertible securities tend to fall as interest rates rise and rise as interest rates fall. Convertible preferred stock’s value can depend heavily upon the underlying common stock’s value.
Sector risk. When
a fund focuses its investments in certain sectors of the economy, its performance may be driven largely by sector performance and could fluctuate more widely than if the fund were
invested more evenly across sectors.