RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF
Summary Prospectus
June 11, 2025
Trading Symbol: SPCZ
Listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
www.True-Shares.com
Before you invest, you may want to review the RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF (the “Fund”) statutory prospectus and statement of additional information, which contain more information about the Fund and its risks. The current statutory prospectus and statement of additional information dated June 11, 2025, are incorporated by reference into this Summary Prospectus. You can find the Fund’s statutory prospectus, statement of additional information, reports to shareholders, and other information about the Fund online at www.True-Shares.com. You can also get this information at no cost by calling 1.877.524.9155 or by sending an e-mail request to info@true-shares.com.
Investment Objective
The RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to preserve capital and provide incremental total return.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | None |
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |
| Management Fee | 0.89% |
| Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.00% |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses* | 0.01% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.90% |
| * | Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the expense ratios in the Predecessor Fund’s Financial Highlights because the Financial Highlights include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Predecessor Fund and exclude AFFE. |
Expense Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $92 | $287 | $498 | $1,108 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Predecessor Fund’s (defined below) portfolio turnover rate was 64% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund
The Fund is actively managed using a strategy designed around the unique characteristics of “Pre-Combination” (defined below) SPAC securities. Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in units made up of common stock, warrants and rights of U.S.-listed special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”). A warrant is a derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a certain price prior to the expiration of the warrant. A right is a privilege granted to existing holders of a company’s stock to receive additional shares of common stock before it is offered to the public.
A SPAC is a “blank check” company with no commercial operations that is designed to raise capital via an initial public offering (“IPO”) for the purpose of engaging in a merger, acquisition, reorganization, or similar business combination (a “Combination”) with one or more operating companies. Sponsors of SPACs typically pay the SPAC’s offering costs and underwriting fees and contribute all or a portion of its working capital in exchange for participation in the common stock and derivatives (such as warrants and rights) of the SPAC. A SPAC IPO typically involves the sale of units consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant or right (or portion of a warrant or right) to purchase common stock at a fixed price upon or after the consummation of a Combination. The capital raised in the IPO is typically placed into a trust. The proceeds of the IPO may be used only to consummate a Combination and for other limited purposes such as paying taxes owed by the SPAC. “Pre-Combination” SPACs (also referred to herein as “Pre-Merger” SPACs) are SPACs that are either seeking a target for a Combination or have not yet completed a Combination with an identified target. Pre-Combination SPACs often have predetermined time frames within which to consummate a Combination (typically two years) or the SPAC will seek to extend the time frame or liquidate.
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RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”), the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, subject to the oversight of TrueMark Investments, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser. The investment universe for the Fund will be all Pre-Combination SPACs and their rights and warrants. Such SPACs may be formed, operated and listed in the U.S. or outside of the U.S. The Sub-Adviser will apply quantitative and qualitative analyses, including fundamental and technical analyses, to assess the relative risk/reward potential of the SPACs, in the investment universe and select those SPACs with the greatest risk/reward potential for investment by the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will also evaluate the sponsors of the SPACs as they are crucial to the success of a SPAC acquisition. SPAC sponsors will be evaluated based on the team’s strategy, experience, deal flow, and demonstrated track record in building enterprise value, which is a measure of the value of an operating business determined by calculating the company’s market cap plus total debt minus cash and cash equivalents. If management has any history of growing operating businesses, the Sub-Adviser will take into account their history. Additionally, the Sub-Adviser will evaluate a SPAC’s market value relative to the value of the Fund’s share of the SPAC to realize additional value for shareholders.
Weightings in the Fund will be determined by the Sub-Adviser based on its evaluation of the opportunities in the market. The Fund expects to participate in IPOs of SPACs, secondary market transactions, private placement in public equities and investments in vehicles formed by SPAC sponsors to hold founder shares, which are private rights and other interests issued by a SPAC.
In seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Sub-Adviser will monitor the Fund’s portfolio and adjust positions based on changes in expectations of the investments or the availability of better alternatives. The Fund generally will not hold a SPAC’s common stock past the date on which it no longer has the ability to redeem the stock for its share of the underlying collateral held in trust. Instead, prior to the completion of a Combination, the Sub-Adviser intends to sell the SPAC’s shares if they are trading at a premium relative to the trust collateral or tender out of the shares using the Fund’s redemption rights. Warrants acquired during the SPAC lifecycle may be held by the Fund for as long as the Sub-Adviser believes they offer appropriate value for the Fund and its shareholders, even after a Combination has been completed.
In addition, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the Fund may use swaps to seek to leverage the returns of the Fund’s portfolio. The use of leverage could magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.
Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, will be invested in Pre-Merger SPACs (along with the warrants or rights issued in connection with the IPOs of SPACs).
The Fund is considered to be non-diversified, which means that it may invest more of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it were a diversified fund. The SPACs in which the Fund invests will generally be small or mid-capitalization companies.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with the risks of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund.”
| ● | Associated Risks of Pre-Combination SPACs. The Fund invests in equity securities, warrants and rights of SPACs, which raise funds to seek potential Combination opportunities. Unless and until a Combination is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking Combinations, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable Combination. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete a Combination or that any Combination that is completed will be profitable. Public stockholders of SPACs may not be afforded a meaningful opportunity to vote on a proposed initial Combination because certain stockholders, including stockholders affiliated with the management of the SPAC, may have sufficient voting power, and a financial incentive, to approve such a transaction without support from public stockholders. As a result, a SPAC may complete a Combination even though a majority of its public stockholders do not support such a Combination. Some SPACs may pursue Combinations only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, the Fund may invest in vehicles formed by SPAC sponsors to hold founder shares, which may be subject to forfeiture or expire worthless and which generally have more limited liquidity than SPAC shares issued in an IPO. In addition, the Fund may invest in vehicles formed by SPAC sponsors to hold founder shares, which may be subject to forfeiture or expire worthless and which generally have more limited liquidity than SPAC shares issued in an IPO. |
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| ● | Borrowing and Leverage Risk. Borrowing magnifies the potential for gain or loss by the Fund and, therefore, increases the possibility of fluctuation in the Fund’s NAV. This is the speculative factor known as leverage. Because the Fund’s investments will fluctuate in value, while the interest on borrowed amounts may be fixed, the Fund’s NAV may tend to increase more as the value of its investments increases, or to decrease more as the value of its investments decreases, during times of borrowing. Unless profits on investments acquired with borrowed funds exceed the costs of borrowing, the use of borrowing will cause the Fund’s investment performance to decrease. Borrowing also may cause the Fund to liquidate positions under adverse market conditions to satisfy its repayment obligations. Borrowing increases the risk of loss and may increase the volatility of the Fund. |
| ● | Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to Fund transactions (e.g., prime brokerage or securities lending arrangement or derivatives transaction) will be unable or unwilling to perform its contractual obligation to the Fund. The Fund may use swap agreements to gain exposure to a particular group of securities, index, asset class or other reference asset without actually purchasing those securities or investments, to hedge a position, or for other investment purposes. Through these investments and related arrangements (e.g., prime brokerage or securities lending arrangements or derivatives transactions), the Fund is exposed to credit risks that the counterparty may be unwilling or unable to make timely payments or otherwise to meet its contractual obligations. If the counterparty becomes bankrupt or defaults on (or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling to perform) its payment or other obligations to the Fund, the Fund may not receive the full amount that it is entitled to receive or may experience delays in recovering the collateral or other assets held by, or on behalf of, the counterparty. If this occurs, the value of your shares in the Fund will decrease. |
| ● | Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants (“APs”), the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. |
| ● | Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that have a value which depends upon, or is derived from, a reference asset, such as one or more underlying securities, pools of securities, indexes, rates or currencies. Derivatives may result in investment exposures that are greater than their cost would suggest; in other words, a small investment in a derivative may have a large impact on Fund performance. The successful use of derivatives generally depends on the ability to predict market movements. The use of these instruments requires special skills and knowledge of investment techniques that are different than those normally required for purchasing and selling securities. If the Sub-Adviser uses a derivative instrument at the wrong time or judges market conditions incorrectly, or if the derivative instrument does not perform as expected, these strategies may significantly reduce the Fund’s return. The Fund could also experience losses if it is unable to close out a position because the market for an instrument or position is or becomes illiquid. |
| o | Swap Agreements Risk. Swap agreements are contracts among the Fund and a counterparty to exchange the return of the pre-determined underlying investment (such as the rate of return of the underlying index). Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, for certain standardized swaps, must be exchange-traded through a futures commission merchant and/or cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Risks associated with the use of swap agreements are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, due in part to the fact they could be considered illiquid and many swaps trade on the OTC market. Swaps are particularly subject to counterparty credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks. While exchange trading and central clearing are intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, they do not make swap transactions risk-free. Additionally, applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on OTC swaps, which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for OTC swaps, which could increase the cost of swap transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity. |
| ● | Equity Market Risk. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests. Common stock, warrants, and rights are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stocks and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers. |
| ● | ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks: |
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| o | Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. |
| o | Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. |
| o | Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. |
| o | Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares. |
| ● | Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. These and other factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments. |
| ● | Illiquidity Risk. Illiquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Fund from selling these illiquid investments at an advantageous price or at the time desired. A lack of liquidity may also cause the value of investments to decline. Illiquid investments may also be difficult to value. |
| ● | Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser continuously evaluates the Fund’s holdings, purchases and sales with a view to achieving the Fund’s investment objective. However, achievement of the stated investment objective cannot be guaranteed. The Sub-Adviser’s judgment about the markets, the economy, or companies may not anticipate actual market movements, economic conditions or company performance, and these factors may affect the return on your investment. |
| ● | Market Capitalization Risk. |
| o | Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. |
| o | Small-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. |
| ● | Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions, and the threat of and/or actual imposition of tariffs by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. |
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| ● | Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance. |
| ● | Rights and Warrants Risk. The Fund may purchase rights and warrants to purchase equity securities. Investments in rights and warrants are pure speculation in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Rights and warrants involve the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of the right or warrant if the right or warrant is not exercised or sold prior to its expiration. |
| o | Post-Combination SPAC Warrants. Although the Fund generally will not hold the common stock of a Post-Combination SPAC, the Fund may hold warrants to buy the stock of companies that are derived from a SPAC. Post-Combination SPACs may be unseasoned and lack a trading history, a track record of reporting to investors, and widely available research coverage. Post-Combination SPACs are thus often subject to extreme price volatility and speculative trading. The stocks underlying the warrants may have above average price appreciation that may not continue and the performance of these stocks may not replicate the performance exhibited in the past, which could adversely affect the value of the warrants the Fund holds. |
| ● | Transactions in Cash Risk. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the Fund to dispose of or sell portfolio investments at an inopportune time to obtain the cash needed to pay redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as brokerage costs, and to recognize gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had paid redemption proceeds in kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than an ETF that redeems in kind. In addition, the costs imposed on the Fund will decrease the Fund’s NAV unless such costs are offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. |
Performance
The Fund acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, a series of Listed Funds Trust (the “Predecessor Fund”), in a tax-free reorganization on June 13, 2025. In connection with this acquisition, shares of the Predecessor Fund were exchanged for shares of the Fund. The Predecessor Fund had an investment objective and strategies that were, in all material respects, the same as those of the Fund, and was managed in a manner that, in all material respects, complied with the investment guidelines and restrictions of the Fund. The Fund is a continuation of the Predecessor Fund, and therefore, the performance information includes the performance of the Predecessor Fund.
The performance information presented below provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the extent to which the Predecessor Fund’s performance can change from year to year and over time. The bar chart below shows the Predecessor Fund’s performance for the calendar years ended December 31. The table illustrates how the Fund’s average annual returns for the 1 year and since inception periods compare with those of the ICE BofA Broad U.S. Market Index, a broad measure of market performance intended to represent the overall U.S. equity market, and the ICE BofA 0-3 Year U.S. Treasury Index, which provides a measure of the short term US treasury market. The Predecessor Fund’s past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.true-shares.com.
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The calendar year-to-date total return of the Predecessor Fund as of March 31, 2025 was 1.63%. During the period of time shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 2.07% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, and the lowest quarterly return was 0.16% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
Average Annual Total Returns (for the Periods Ended December 31, 2024) |
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| RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF | One Year | Since Inception (7/11/2022) | |
| Return Before Taxes | 5.51% | 5.36% | |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | 3.85% | 3.86% | |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | 3.36% | 3.52% | |
| ICE BofA Broad U.S. Market Index | 1.47% | 1.45% | |
| ICE
BofA 0-3 Year U.S. Treasury Index (reflects no deductions for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
4.47% | 3.58% | |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged accounts. In certain cases, the figure representing “Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares” may be higher than the other return figures for the same period. A higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and provides an assumed tax deduction that benefits the investor.
Management
| Adviser: | TrueMark Investments, LLC |
| Sub-Adviser: | RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC |
| Portfolio Manager: | Patrick W. Galley, CFA® and Eric Pestrue, CFA® have been the portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in June, 2022. |
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Purchase and Sale of Shares
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/ or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Investors may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). Recent information about the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads is available on the Fund’s website at www.True-Shares.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an IRA or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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