UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from           to           

Commission file number: 001-41839

reAlpha Tech Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100

Dublin, Ohio 43017

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(707) 732-5742

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $9,894,730 based upon the closing price reported for such date on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

As of March 24, 2025, the registrant had 46,230,930 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

REALPHA TECH CORP.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, or this “report,” contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will” or other similar expressions in this report. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions; prospective products, applications, customers and technologies; future performance or results of any products; anticipated expenses; and future financial results. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: “Item 1 – Business,” “Item 1A – Risk Factors,” and “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”  The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this report. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to reAlpha Tech Corp. and its subsidiaries, as applicable.

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECASTS

In this report, we present certain market and industry data and statistics. This information is based on third-party sources, which we believe to be reliable. We have not independently verified data from these sources and cannot guarantee their accuracy or completeness. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding industry data provided herein, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based upon various factors, including those discussed in this report under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Other Information Contained in this Report” and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” Additionally, some data in this report is based on our good faith estimates, which are derived from management’s knowledge of the industry and independent sources. Similarly, we believe our internal research is reliable, however, such research has not been verified by any independent sources.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We are a real estate technology company developing an end-to-end commission-free homebuying platform, which we have named reAlpha (hereinafter referred to as the “reAlpha platform”). Our goal is to offer through our AI-powered platform a more affordable, streamlined experience for those on the journey to homeownership. The reAlpha platform integrates AI-driven tools to offer, among others, tailored property recommendations, an intuitive visual interface, mortgage brokering, digital title and escrow services within the platform. Our tagline: “No fees. Just keys. ^TM” reflects our mission to eliminate traditional barriers to home ownership and make it more accessible and transparent.

The reAlpha platform assists homebuyers with tasks such as mortgage pre-approval, booking tours, sending offer letters and completing property acquisitions. The reAlpha platform also provides market insights, detailed property data, and uses large language models to answer queries and facilitate the homebuying process via a user-friendly, 24/7 web platform and iOS application. The reAlpha platform’s capabilities are complemented and supported by licensed real estate agents with reAlpha Realty, LLC, our in-house brokerage firm, on a no-obligation and commission-free basis. Although the reAlpha platform is currently only available for homebuyers in 20 counties in Florida, we intend to expand its capabilities nationwide by the end of 2026 depending on numerous factors, including, among other things, our ability to acquire and maintain real estate and mortgage licenses in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, obtain additional MLS data, create and run successful marketing campaigns nationwide to gain brand recognition and increase our geographical reach and build a scalable technology infrastructure. 

Our Business Model and AI Technologies

We are continuously working to commercialize, enhance and refine our AI technologies and the reAlpha platform to continue generating technology-derived revenue. Further, as part of our growth strategy, we intend to continue identifying and acquiring companies that are complementary to our business, and we intend to generate revenue from integrating such acquired companies and their capabilities into our business and our reAlpha platform. To advance such strategy, during 2024 we announced the acquisitions of Naamche, Inc. and its Nepal counterpart entity Naamche, Inc. Pvt. Ltd. (collectively, “Naamche”), AiChat Pte. Ltd (“AiChat”), Hyperfast Title LLC (“Hyperfast”) and Debt Does Deals, LLC (d/b/a Be My Neighbor) (“Be My Neighbor”), and, since the beginning of 2025, GTG Financial, Inc. (“GTG Financial”). These acquisitions have added revenue, additional potential sources of revenue, technology services under our umbrella of product offerings, and, as further described below, additional operational and service-related capabilities to the reAlpha platform.

For instance, as a result of the acquisition of Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, our in-house mortgage brokerage that operates through the reAlpha platform is now licensed to operate, in 30 U.S. states. Additionally, because of our acquisition of Hyperfast, we now can offer title, closing and settlement services in 3 U.S. states. As a result of these acquisitions, consumers using the reAlpha platform have access to these services directly in the platform, both through the web platform and iOS application. We expect to continue seeking additional strategic acquisitions that we believe will add additional sources of potential revenue and services to homebuyers using the reAlpha platform, including, but not limited to, home-showing companies, wholesale mortgage lenders, companies providing services for post-closing services (such as utility hookups, among others) and real estate brokerages. Additionally, although we have already acquired two mortgage brokerage firms and a title company, we may consider further acquisitions of companies providing such services to increase the number of U.S. states we are licensed to operate in and the potential revenue opportunities associated with expanding our geographical markets and reach of the reAlpha platform.

Before shifting our focus towards the development of our AI technologies and the reAlpha platform, our operational model was asset-heavy and built on utilizing our proprietary AI-powered technology tools for the acquisition of real estate, converting them into short-term rentals, and enabling individual investors to acquire fractional interests in these real estate properties, allowing such investors to receive distributions based on the property’s performance as a short-term rental. In the first quarter of 2024, we decided to halt these operations due to macroeconomic conditions, such as higher interest rates, inflation, and elevated property prices, which conditions persisted throughout the fiscal year 2024. This led us to sell our last real property asset for such operations, and to recognize the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets under the rental business segment. As a result, in the first quarter of 2025, our board of directors approved to discontinue our short-term rental business operations entirely. The discontinuation of our rental business segment operations meets the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations (see “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” for more information).

Business Segment

The technology services segment is currently our only reportable segment following the approval by our board of directors to discontinue our rental business segment operations (see “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” and “Note 17 – Segment Reporting” for more information). Our technology services segment offers and develops AI-based products and services to customers in various industries, including, but not limited to, real estate, retail, hospitality and education industries. Our technology development efforts are currently focused on the development and enhancement of the reAlpha platform.

Technology Services

We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors primarily through the integration of AI into our technologies for the real estate industry. We expect that our technology services segment will benefit from the current growth of the AI industry, and we believe that we are well-positioned to take advantage of these current trends due to our early adoption of AI for the development of our technologies.

Our revenue model revolves around our mortgage services, title services and related homebuying services through the reAlpha platform, which is currently under limited availability, and services offered by our subsidiaries, such as AiChat, Naamche, Be My Neighbor, Hyperfast and GTG Financial. In order to expand the availability of the reAlpha platform, and services provided thereunder, nationwide, we will need to obtain the relevant real estate and mortgage licenses in the U.S. states we are not yet licensed in, and, until we obtain such licenses, the reAlpha platform will remain under limited availability for homebuyers in 20 counties in Florida. While the reAlpha platform is under limited availability, we will continue offering standalone mortgage brokerage services through our subsidiaries, Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, in 30 U.S. States and digital title and escrow services through our subsidiary, Hyperfast, in 3 U.S. states. We also plan to continue acquiring companies in the real estate market that provide services relating to the homebuying process, including, but not limited to, mortgage brokerage firms, title and escrow service providers, home insurance providers and others that are complementary to our business, which we expect to generate revenues by offering such services through the reAlpha platform, or as standalone offerings to customers. We expect that our reAlpha platform will drive additional customers to these acquired companies through users interacting and buying homes on the reAlpha platform, which will expand their overall potential customer base.

Each of our technologies, platforms and offerings that are currently available or under active development are more fully described below.

reAlpha Platform and the reAlpha Super App^TM

The reAlpha platform is an AI-powered end-to-end, commission-free real estate platform available online and via iOS mobile application (hereinafter referred to as the “Super App”). The Super App was released in 2024, allowing users to search for and purchase homes on their mobile devices. The reAlpha platform integrates Claire (our proprietary, generative-AI buyer’s agent), licensed human agent support, and homebuying tools, including mortgage, title, and escrow services. The reAlpha platform and the Super App are currently under limited availability for homebuyers located in 20 counties in Florida while we are seeking brokerage and real estate licenses in additional U.S. states in order to operate in such states.

Key features of the reAlpha platform and the Super App currently include: (i) commission-free homebuying, making home ownership more affordable and transparent; (ii) Claire, the AI real estate agent, that provides 24/7 real-time support and answers to questions related to purchasing a property; (iii) AI algorithms to provide personalized property matches and recommendations; (iv) concise summaries of real estate documents, including inspection and settlement reports; (v) additional guidance by our dedicated team of licensed real estate agents, on a no-cost and no-obligation basis; and (vi) end-to-end assistance in transactions for homebuyers, including finding a home, negotiating an offer, applying and receiving approval on mortgages and providing title and closing services. Our goal is to continuously enhance and expand the capabilities and offerings under the reAlpha platform and Super App as we continue to acquire complementary businesses.

The reAlpha platform and Super App generate revenue by providing homebuying services to customers using our platform. The reAlpha platform currently provides two homebuying services: (i) mortgage brokering and (ii) title services. By providing such services directly in the reAlpha platform or Super App, we are able to capture the revenue associated with those services. The revenue we may generate by providing these services will vary per transaction based on factors such as home price, transaction term, down payment percentage, mortgage usage and overall market conditions. While we have already acquired title and mortgage brokerage companies, we expect to create additional revenue stream opportunities by further expanding our capabilities and services provided under the reAlpha platform through additional acquisitions. These acquisitions will target companies that provide mortgage brokering and title services in additional U.S. states that we are not yet licensed in, and companies that provide additional services not yet offered in the reAlpha platform, such as, but not limited to, post-closing services – such as moving, utility hookups, and monitoring of neighborhood values and property taxes.

Traditionally, brokerage buy-side commissions typically range from 2.5% to 3% of a home’s sale price, depending on the market. By using the reAlpha platform, we provide a rebate or refund of such buy-side commissions, if any, to the homebuyer by applying such buy-side commissions towards closing costs or by adding the refund to a homebuyer’s down-payment, as applicable and subject to market-by-market minimums, effectively lowering the interest rate associated with the purchase of such property. To the extent there are no buy-side commissions that are not covered by such refund or revenue generated from the services we provide, we will not generate revenue through the reAlpha platform’s existing pricing model.

AiChat’s Conversational Platform

AiChat provides AI-powered conversational customer experience platforms in the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. AiChat’s conversational platform enables businesses to automate and optimize customer service, marketing, and e-commerce processes through the integration of major messaging channels in the APAC region, including Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, LINE, and KakaoTalk. AiChat also offers clients the ability to integrate their e-commerce platforms with payment gateways, which is powered by Stripe’s financial infrastructure, enabling them to sell products via messaging channels such as WhatsApp Pay directly to their customers. Through these capabilities, AiChat is able to offer clients a comprehensive array of customer service solutions, ranging from customer inquiry and AI-powered recommendations via its AI agents and chatbot capabilities, to completing the purchase through WhatsApp.

AiChat’s technology is built on conversational and generative AI models, supporting over 270 languages, including regional languages like Singlish and Bahasa. The conversational platform incorporates features such as contextual memory, real-time analytics, and personalized messaging to facilitate customer interactions. Key functionalities of the platform include automated responses, lead qualification, and customer engagement automation. Further, its recently released next-generation AI agents, which include Voice AI and Agentic AI, can provide human-like interactions and personalize responses based on the context of previous conversations, remembering customer preferences and past interactions to deliver more relevant recommendations. With self-learning and multi-turn contextual awareness, AiChat’s next-generation AI agents can scale human-like interactions while maintaining brand consistency, which we believe can improve customer loyalty and overall customer service satisfaction.

AiChat generates revenue through subscription packages of its conversational platforms and next-generation AI agents. These packages are tailored to businesses based on their size, needs and the volume of customer interactions. AiChat offers flexible pricing models, including monthly and annual subscriptions, as well as performance-based pricing for specific integrations and services, such as automated marketing campaigns and e-commerce automation.

GENA

GENA is an AI tool that is powered by a “generative pre-trained transformer” language model, or “GPT.” GENA is intended to complement our other AI and non-AI technologies and be used internally to simplify the process of generating personalized home descriptions. GENA is designed for both realtors and hosts (e.g., someone that owns a property listed on Airbnb’s platform, or any other online marketplaces for short- and long-term properties), that creates personalized descriptions that we believe will give users a competitive edge in the marketplace.

For Realtors. GENA offers a feature that generates advertising content directly from uploaded images and they can be used by realtors to advertise their listed properties, eliminating the need for professional copywriters and other costly marketing tools. Realtors simply enter the basic details about their listing, and GENA will write professional property descriptions for the property that they can use for their own marketing materials. GENA can also create social media content, such as posts for various social media platforms including, but not limited to, Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn, which we believe can save a realtors’ time to instead focus on converting more leads into customers. Finally, GENA also creates short-form videos (“Reels”) that highlight the best features of a realtor’s listing. These Reels can be posted and used for advertising content on TikTok, Instagram, or any other social media.

For Hosts. GENA offers features that simplify the process of creating descriptions for listings in online marketplaces for real estate properties, such as Airbnb, VRBO, Booking.com, and other such platforms. Our app will automatically organize these descriptions into sections, making it easy to highlight key features of a space and provide important information about guest access. Additionally, GENA includes the proximity data of attractions near the property (e.g., restaurants, museums, areas of interest for tourists in the area and others), making it easier to highlight those for the host.

GENA was released under limited availability in November 2023, and was fully released to the public in March 2024. GENA is currently free for all users while we continue to promote and advertise the product. This is subject to change as we experiment with different pricing models and as GENA grows and matures over time. GENA is not currently under active development but remains available to users for free. 

Our Growth Strategies

Our goal is to create sophisticated AI algorithms and tools that optimize the homebuying process for homebuyers. In order to advance such goal, we must grow our core business operations in the property technology market, or “proptech” market, by continuously innovating, improving and expanding the capabilities of our existing technology offerings, including the reAlpha platform, for such market.

Our growth strategies are focused on facilitating the development and deployment of AI-based technologies to serve homebuyers in the real estate industry. We have a strong focus on research and development (“R&D”), which is pursued through our internal efforts as well as strategic acquisitions of and investments in AI-related companies through a balanced opportunistic approach that includes (i) organic, (ii) inorganic, and (iii) partner-driven components:

Deepen our Technology Offerings to Customers

In order to continue innovating, and in addition to our internal R&D efforts, we target synergistic technologies and businesses in the proptech market, and we expect that the integration of such technologies and businesses will enable us to continue to grow our customer base and geographical reach and expand the operational capabilities of our technologies.

We focus on pursuing acquisitions of mainly revenue-generating entities falling into two primary categories: (i) services and (ii) products.

Moreover, we believe these strategic acquisitions will also serve the purpose of broadening the reach of our services and technologies by integrating the existing customer base of each of these acquired companies, which may include larger real estate enterprise clients, or to at least facilitate our entry into the market for such larger clients. We believe this approach will also lower our expenses related to obtaining real estate industry clients, given the high cost associated with acquiring larger clients as a first time client, since these acquisitions will bring us already existing clientele in this market, or, alternatively, serve as way for us to enter this market without the high costs associated with initial barriers to entry or to acquire such clients for the first time.

To further assist our growth, we acquired Naamche Inc., a company that provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, as well as other technology support as needed, and its Nepal counterpart Naamche, Inc. Pvt. Ltd. (collectively, “Naamche”). Also, In September 2021, we acquired a 25% stake in Carthagos Inc. (“Carthagos”), a company headquartered in Brazil. Carthagos provides services related to branding, marketing, and design. Also in 2021, we opened an international office located in Bengaluru, India operating under the entity reAlpha Techcorp Private Limited. The purpose of this office is to provide back-office support such as marketing, search engine optimization, finance, and accounting. Additionally, in September 2024, we invested in XMore.AI, a company that provides AI-driven cybersecurity solutions that is creating an AI product that consolidates multiple cybersecurity tools into one place, which we expect to integrate in our business to bolster our cybersecurity efforts in the future. These smaller investments and acquisitions are the first steps towards expanding our footprint and realizing our vision for growth, and we intend to continue seeking opportunities in these industries to strengthen our position as a provider of real estate solutions.

Our Industry

The real estate market has been in a period of transition, which is now adjusting to higher interest rates, inflationary pressures and broader economic uncertainty following a period of significant growth. This transition resulted in a small change in market activity, mainly in the single-family home segment, while demand in certain segments like multifamily housing remains relatively stable. Nevertheless, the proptech market, which refers to the application of technology solutions within the real estate industry, has experienced growth and remained active during 2024. Also, because the proptech market is currently a fragmented landscape, characterized by the presence of thousands of solutions, each addressing a specific component within the life cycle of a real estate asset, we intend to position ourselves as a leader in that industry by offering homebuyers an end-to-end platform, the reAlpha platform, that assists and guides homebuyers in every step of the homebuying journey process, including mortgage brokering, title and escrow services, market insights and other services and offerings provided through the reAlpha platform and Super App.

Proptech Market Recent Trends and Developments

According to a report by Ascendix, the total global proptech market size reached $40.58 billion in 2024, and they anticipate that this market may grow to an estimated value of $179.03 billion by 2034. The industry is split into a wide range of categories including solutions for real estate professionals, financial technology software, brokerage and agent software, construction technologies, property and facility management, applications for investors and venture capitalists, and climate-related technologies.

The proptech market includes a wide range of innovative solutions that we believe have the potential to provide significant benefits to real estate professionals and in various aspects of such market, including:

According to the most recent yearly report published by Houlihan Lokey, despite the macroeconomic uncertainty in the real estate market during 2024, including high interest rates and inflation, there was a $4.3 billion in growth equity and debt investments into U.S. proptech companies and start-ups. From 2023 to 2024, the average proptech investment size into these U.S. proptech companies increased from approximately $36.3 million to $59.6 million, or 64.19%, respectively. The mergers and acquisitions market for proptech companies remained active in 2024, though there was a slight decline compared to the previous year. In 2024, 90 mergers and acquisitions were completed, down from 94 in 2023.

Macroeconomic factors also play a major role in the demand and financing for real estate investments, and, in turn, a demand for solutions provided by proptech, which include:

Real Estate Market Recent Trends and Developments

The real estate market in 2024 experienced changes primarily influenced by ongoing economic conditions and shifting consumer preferences. Despite persistent high mortgage rates, which averaged between 6% and 7%, the demand for single-family homes remained robust, resulting in a notable increase in U.S. home prices by 3.9% year-over-year. This trend reflects broader market observations, with shifts in consumer preferences leading to increased interest in suburban areas, where housing options tend to be more affordable and spacious. While urban areas continue to attract buyers, ongoing affordability challenges in city centers have resulted in a growing number of buyers exploring suburban markets, where housing is often more accessible and amenities are increasingly being developed to meet such evolving demand.

The market also faced challenges related to affordability. The high mortgage rates led to decreased purchasing power for many buyers, contributing to longer listing periods for homes and an overall decline in sales volume. Reports indicated that homes were taking a median of 54 days to sell, a slight increase from previous years, reflecting cautious buyer sentiment amidst economic uncertainty. Additionally, while inventory levels began to rise, they remained below historical averages, contributing to a shift towards a more balanced market, with conditions increasingly favoring buyers due to more price reductions and longer times on the market.

Technological advancements continued to reshape the real estate landscape in 2024. For instance, the integration of digital tools such as virtual listing, viewing and online closings became increasingly common, streamlining the buying and selling process. This trend not only enhanced accessibility but also catered to changing consumer expectations for convenience and efficiency in real estate transactions. Furthermore, legislative changes aimed at increasing housing supply, including new regulations supporting accessory dwelling units, are expected to provide more affordable options for buyers in the coming years.

Overall, while the real estate market in 2024 demonstrated resilience with rising prices and strong demand for suburban homes, it also grappled with affordability challenges and evolving buyer preferences. As we move forward, understanding these dynamics will be crucial for adapting strategies and offerings within the market.

Research and Development

The industry in which we operate and compete is subject to rapid technological developments, evolving industry standards, changes in customer requirements and competitive new products and features. As a result, we believe our success, in part, will depend on our ability to build and enhance our technology and artificial intelligence capabilities in a timely and efficient manner and to develop and introduce those technologies. To achieve these objectives, we have made research and development investments and acquisitions to facilitate the development of our technologies, and we may explore in the future third-party licensing agreements.

As an example, we acquired Naamche, a company that provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, as well as other technology support as needed. Naamche, to date, has assisted us in research and development of our proprietary algorithms and other technologies. Additionally, through investments, we collaborate with other companies. For instance, in September 2021, we acquired a 25% stake in Carthagos Inc. (“Carthagos”), a company headquartered in Brazil. Carthagos provides services related to branding, marketing and design. Additionally, in September 2024, we invested in XMore.AI, a company that provides AI-driven cybersecurity solutions that is creating an AI product that consolidates multiple cybersecurity tools into one place, which we expect to integrate in our business to bolster our cybersecurity efforts in the future. These smaller investments and acquisitions serve as the initial steps towards expanding our footprint and realizing our vision for growth, and we intend to continue seeking opportunities in these industries to strengthen our position and ability to effectively compete in the industry we operate in.

To further facilitate our research and development efforts, as well as business operations, in 2021 we opened an international office located in Bengaluru, India operating under our wholly-owned subsidiary, reAlpha Techcorp Private Limited. They provide back-office support such as marketing, search engine optimization, finance and accounting.

Competition and Competitive Strengths

We face competition from different sources in our technology services segment. We believe that we will continue to face competition from other firms, including large technology companies and smaller, new real estate technology entrants while developing our AI-based technologies.

Real Estate Technology Market

The market in which we operate our business and the reAlpha platform is rapidly evolving, competitive and has relatively low barriers to entry. As a result, there are a number of established and emerging competitors in the proptech market. For instance, we would face competition from other real estate platform companies such as Zillow (NASDAQ: Z), Rocket Mortgage, LLC (NYSE: RKT) (“Rocket Mortgage”) and Homes.com, as well as a range of emerging new entrants such as Tryhoma, Linkhome AI and FlyHomes, Inc. (“Flyhomes”). These platforms offer a variety of solutions and services to homebuyers, and we may compete with these companies in both the real estate mortgage brokerage industry or real estate technology market.

Our key competitive factors in the real estate technology market include:

We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors through the integration of AI into our technologies for the real estate technology market, as well as by offering through the reAlpha platform a commission-free model to purchase homes and the ability to offer homebuyers a refund on certain commissions payable by such homebuyers. We believe that our integration of AI into our technologies will be a significant differentiator from our competitors’ potential offerings for our target audience of real estate professionals and investors.

Our technologies are continuously developed to provide exceptional quality and functionality. We believe this dedication to innovation sets us apart from competitors and allows us to deliver superior user experiences. We also prioritize the security and trust of our users and investors. We believe that by implementing robust security measures and ensuring data integrity, we will be seen as a reliable and trustworthy choice by homebuyers in the real estate technology market.

Further, our cloud-based architecture offers scalability, flexibility, and seamless accessibility. We believe that this infrastructure will enable us to handle increasing volumes of data and transactions efficiently, empowering us to deliver a seamless user experience and respond swiftly to evolving market demands.

We believe that our focus on innovation, security, and scalability gives us a competitive edge in the real estate technology space. As we navigate the competitive landscape, we remain committed to continuously enhancing our technology offerings, fortifying our security measures, and leveraging cloud-based advantages. We believe that these efforts position us as a frontrunner in transforming the homebuying landscape through our AI-driven solutions.

Intellectual Property

We are currently developing multiple technologies. Rights to those technologies belong only to us. To protect our intellectual property, we have filed for trademarks and patents, when possible, and protect our intellectual property as trade-secrets where meaningful patent protection cannot be achieved.

As of the date hereof, we have registered trademarks for “ReAlpha” and “Invest in Real.” Our U.S. trademark applications for “ReAlpha HUMINT,” “BnBGPT,” “Vacation Capitalist” and “Gena.AI” have been abandoned, but we may plan to re-file for these at some time in the future. Our non-provisional patent for “reAlpha BRAIN” filed on September 14, 2022, has also been abandoned; but we may try to revive the application, if permitted.

Trademarks

Our U.S. trademark registrations and applications are reflected in the chart below. We are also using certain other marks that have not been registered, such as, reAlpha AI, Gena.AI, and reAlpha BRAIN. We may choose to add new or retire old trademarks for these technologies as the landscape of such technologies keeps changing rapidly.

U.S. Trademark Registrations and Applications

Patents

We intend to continue to apply for patents when applicable to try to protect intellectual property regarding our technologies, algorithms and platforms. Our provisional patent application for reAlpha BRAIN, which was abandoned, is based on a system for analyzing, evaluating, and ranking properties using artificial intelligence.

Trade Secrets and Contractual Protections

Beyond formal registrations, we protect our proprietary methodologies, AI models, algorithms, and strategic data assets through strict internal controls. These protections include confidentiality agreements, employee invention assignment agreements, and non-disclosure agreements with business partners.

We recognize that the real estate and technology landscape is rapidly evolving, and as such, we remain committed to strengthening and expanding our intellectual property portfolio. By continuously developing, acquiring, and protecting our proprietary assets, we aim to maintain a competitive advantage while supporting the long-term growth of our business.

Sales and Marketing

We have a dedicated marketing department responsible for various aspects of our marketing initiatives and strategies. Our marketing department’s primary responsibilities include:

Governmental Regulation

Laws and Regulations Regarding our Business and Industry

We operate in heavily regulated industries that are highly focused on consumer protection. This extensive regulatory framework we are subject to includes U.S. federal, state and local laws. Governmental authorities and various U.S. federal and state agencies have broad oversight, supervision, and enforcement authority over our business. Because we are not a depository institution, we must comply with state licensing requirements to conduct our business. We expect that we will incur significant costs to comply with licensing and other legal requirements under the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (“the SAFE Act”) and the Dodd-Frank Act, among others, in connection with our mortgage loan origination business. We are currently licensed in a total of 30 U.S. states to conduct our residential mortgage origination operations in the United States, and we are seeking to become licensed in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. As required by state law, we have applicable state licenses to enable us to act as a mortgage broker, real estate brokerage, and operate our reAlpha platform that may offer these services or facilitate the origination of mortgage loans thereunder by referring such homebuyers to our subsidiaries that offer such services. The licensing process includes the submission of an application to the relevant state agency, a character and fitness review of key individuals, registration of application and documentation through the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System and Registry (“NMLS”), and an administrative review of our business operations. We are also supervised by regulatory agencies under U.S. state laws. In addition, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (collectively, the “GSEs”) and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), Ginnie Mae, Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Consumer and Finance Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), non-agency securitization trustees and others subject us to periodic reviews and audits. Some regulations, including the Fair Housing Act and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, also regulate our mortgage brokerage operations to prohibit discriminatory lending practices as well as housing discrimination. The manner in which we may advertise our business, operations and reAlpha platform, among others, in various media channels may also be regulated by the Mortgage Acts and Practices Advertising Rule, which prohibits deceptive or false mortgage advertising. This broad and extensive supervisory and enforcement oversight will continue to occur in the future. As a highly regulated business, the regulatory and legal requirements we face can change and may even become more restrictive. In turn, this could make our compliance responsibilities more complex. We are also subject to judicial and administrative decisions that impose requirements and restrictions on our business. Numerous U.S. federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations impact our business.

Due to our mortgage brokerage business, we are also subject to a variety of regulatory and contractual obligations imposed by credit owners, insurers and guarantors of the loans we originate or facilitate and/or service. These regulatory and contractual obligations may include those targeting unfair collection practices, housing discrimination, predatory loan practices, anti-money laundering and fraud, among others. This includes, but is not limited to, the GSEs, Ginnie Mae, FHFA, the Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), and the FHA/HUD. The CFPB, which was established under the Dodd-Frank Act, directly and significantly influences the regulation of residential mortgage loan originations and servicing. The CFPB has rulemaking authority with respect to many of the federal consumer protection laws applicable to mortgage lenders and servicers, including Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”), Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”), Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The CFPB has been active in supervision and enforcement and continues to adopt new and amend existing regulations within its purview.

Furthermore, our acquisition of AiChat and its operations in the APAC region has made us subject to certain foreign laws, regulations and rules which have additional and distinct oversight, supervision, and enforcement requirements. As an example, in many cases, our products and services are or may in the future be subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations and subject to trade and economic sanctions maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). We are also subject to export control and trade sanctions laws and regulations in the EU, Singapore and other jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries may operate. As such, an export license may be required to export or re-export our technology and services to certain countries or end-users, or for certain end-uses, especially AI technologies, such as those involving sensitive customer data or proprietary algorithms. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws or regulations in other jurisdictions, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges.

We continue to work diligently to assess and understand the implications of the regulatory environment in which we operate and the regulatory changes that we are facing. We devote substantial resources to regulatory compliance, including operational and system costs, while at the same time striving to meet the needs and expectations of our customers.

Laws and Regulations Regarding Privacy and Data Protection

Data privacy laws and regulations in the U.S. and foreign countries apply to the access, collection, transfer, use, storage, and destruction of personal information in connection with our services. In the U.S., our financial institution customers are required to comply with privacy regulations imposed under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLBA”), in addition to other regulations. As a processor of personal information in our role as a provider of services to financial institutions, we are bound by similar limitations on disclosure of the information received from our customers as apply to the financial institutions themselves. In addition, federal and state privacy and information security laws, and consumer protection laws, which apply to businesses that collect or process personal information, may also apply to our businesses.

There has been heightened public attention regarding the use of personal information and data transfer, accompanied by legislation and regulations intended to strengthen data protection, information security and consumer and personal privacy. Privacy and security laws and regulations may also limit the use and disclosure of certain information and require us to adopt certain cybersecurity and data handling practices that may affect our ability to effectively market our manufacturing capabilities to current, past or prospective customers. In many jurisdictions consumers must be notified in the event of a data security breach, and such notification requirements continue to increase in scope and cost. The law in these areas continues to develop and the changing nature of privacy laws in the U.S., the European Union (“EU”) and elsewhere could impact our processing of personal information of our employees and on behalf of our customers.

In the EU the comprehensive GDPR went into effect in May 2018. The GDPR has introduced significant privacy-related changes for companies operating both in and outside the EU. In the U.S., California has adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which creates new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations, including disclosure obligations, on companies handling personal data. In addition, the CCPA broadly defines personal information, gives California residents expanded privacy rights and protections, and provides for civil penalties for certain violations. Furthermore, in November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020 (“CPRA”), which amends and expands CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing those requirements. Additional countries and states, including Nevada, Virginia, Colorado, Utah, and Connecticut, have also passed comprehensive privacy laws with additional obligations and requirements on businesses. These laws and regulations are increasing in severity, complexity and number, change frequently, and increasingly conflict among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, which has resulted in greater compliance risk and cost for us.

While we believe that we are compliant with our regulatory responsibilities, information security threats continue to evolve resulting in increased risk and exposure. In addition, legislation, regulation, litigation, court rulings, or other events could expose us to increased costs, liability, and possible damage to our reputation.

Human Capital

We believe that our long-term success is dependent upon attracting, developing and retaining talented employees, and maintaining a culture that allows each employee to do their best work. We value integrity, accountability, collaboration, creativity, respect and transparency as central to our core values.

 As of December 31, 2024, we had 42 full-time employees in the United States, 56 full-time employees in Nepal, 22 full-time employees in Southeast Asia, and 12 full-time employees in our India office. 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We are subject to various risks that may materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. An investment in our common stock is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. In evaluating an investment in shares of our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the other information included in this report.

The risks described below are not the only risks we face. If any of the events described in the following risk factors actually occurs, or if additional risks and uncertainties later materialize that are not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, then our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our shares. The risks discussed below include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements

Summary of Risk Factors

The following summarizes the principal risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. This summary highlights key risks but does not address all potential risks. Further, this summary should be read together with the text of the risk factors set forth immediately after the summary, and both the summary and text of the risk factors should be read together with the other information set forth in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Risks Related to our Business and Operations

Risks Related to our Technologies and Industry

Risks Related to Owning our Securities

 Risks Related to Our Business and Operations  

We have a limited operating history and may not be able to operate our business successfully or generate sufficient cash flows to accomplish our business objectives.

We have a limited operating history. As a result, an investment in our common stock entails more risk than an investment in the common stock of a company with a substantial operating history. If we are unable to operate our business successfully, you could lose all or a portion of your investment in our common stock. Our ability to successfully operate our business and implement our operating policies and investment strategy depends on many factors, including:

We have a history of operating losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.

We have not achieved profitability and have incurred losses since inception. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a net loss of $25,802,444, which includes a loss of $18,339,635 from discontinued operations related to our former rental business and operations of our subsidiary, Roost Enterprises, Inc. (“Rhove”), and a loss of $7,462,809 from continuing operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a net loss of $2,464,959, including $316,904 from Rhove-related discontinued operations and $2,145,055 from continuing operations. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $37,984,426 and outstanding indebtedness of $5,976,689. While we have experienced some revenue growth over recent periods, we may not be able to sustain or increase our growth or achieve profitability in the future. We intend to continue to invest diligently in sales and marketing efforts. In addition, we expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, and other expenses related to our being a public company as compared to when we were a private company. While our revenue has grown since our inception, if our revenue declines or fails to grow at a rate faster than these increases in our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability in future periods. As a result, we may continue to generate losses. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If these losses exceed our expectations or our revenue growth expectations are not met in future periods, our financial performance will be harmed.

Our lack of a long operating history could adversely impact us.

As a start-up business, we do not have a long operating history. Accordingly, we face challenges that companies with a long track record do not. Start-ups are considered to carry a “higher risk profile.” For instance, it is more difficult for us to bind coverage with insurance carriers, achieve better rates from service providers or lenders, attract talent, and in times of high interest rates and mounting inflation, to obtain new capital, maintain high credit rating, and utilize leverage. Each and all of these factors combined hinder our ability to achieve our goals.

We have minimal operating capital and minimal revenue from operations.

We have minimal operating capital and for the foreseeable future will be dependent upon our ability to finance our operations from the sale of equity or other financing alternatives. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully raise operating capital. The failure to successfully raise operating capital, and the failure to attract qualified real estate companies and sufficient investor purchase commitments, could result in our bankruptcy or other event which would have a material adverse effect on us and our stockholders.

Failing to successfully execute and integrate acquisitions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have acquired Rhove, Naamche, AiChat, Hyperfast, Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, and may continue to acquire more businesses and/or technologies. We may also not successfully evaluate or utilize acquired technology and accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition, including accounting charges. In addition, we may finance acquisitions by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, which could result in further dilution to our existing stockholders. We may enter into negotiations for acquisitions that are not ultimately consummated. Those negotiations could result in diversion of management time and significant out-of-pocket costs. And, in the future, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing factors, including if we fail to evaluate and execute acquisitions successfully, can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, we may not be successful in integrating acquisitions or the businesses we acquire may not perform as well as we expect. Any future failure to manage and successfully integrate acquired businesses could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

We may also expend significant cash or incur substantial debt to finance such acquisitions, which indebtedness could result in restrictions on our business and significant use of available cash to make payments of interest and principal. We may also incur significant transaction and acquisition-related costs in connection with company acquisitions and such expenditures may create significant liquidity and cash flow risks for us. For instance, we may incur significant, nonrecurring, and recurring costs associated with potential related company acquisition(s), including costs associated with the continued integration of the businesses, unanticipated liabilities that we assume as a result of acquiring companies and other expenses.

While we have assumed that this level of expense will be incurred, there are factors beyond our control that could affect the total amount, including other integration expenses. Moreover, many of the expenses that will be incurred are, by their nature, difficult to estimate accurately. To the extent any acquisition and integration expenses are higher than anticipated and we do not have sufficient cash, or if we default on any assumed liabilities as a result of an acquisition, then we may experience liquidity or cash flow issues that may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 

We may be unable to obtain financing through the debt and equity markets, which would have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy and our financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to access the capital and credit markets to obtain additional debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain financing on terms favorable to us. Our inability to obtain financing could have negative effects on our business. Among other things, to the extent we resume our rental operations, we could have great difficulty acquiring, re-developing or maintaining our properties, which would materially and adversely affect our business strategy and portfolio, and may result in our: (1) liquidity being adversely affected; (2) inability to repay or refinance our indebtedness on or before its maturity; (3) making higher interest and principal payments or selling some of our assets on terms unfavorable to us to service our indebtedness; or (4) issuing additional capital stock, which could further dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders.

If we fail to comply with the requirements governing the licensing of our, including that of our subsidiaries, brokerage, mortgage, and title businesses in the jurisdictions in which we operate, then our ability to operate those businesses in those jurisdictions may be revoked.

Our in-house brokerage and subsidiaries acting as brokerage firms, and the agents employed by us and our subsidiaries, must comply with the requirements governing the licensing and conduct of real estate brokerage and brokerage-related businesses in the markets where we operate. Furthermore, we are also required to comply with the requirements governing the licensing and conduct of mortgage and title and settlement businesses in the markets where we operate. Due to the geographic scope of our operations, we and our agents may not be in compliance with all of the required licenses at all times. Additionally, if we enter into new markets, we may become subject to additional licensing requirements. If we or our agents fail to obtain or maintain the required licenses for conducting our brokerage, mortgage, rentals, and title businesses or fail to strictly adhere to associated regulations, the relevant government authorities may order us to suspend relevant operations or impose fines or other penalties.

We are highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect us and the value of our common stock.

Our operations and technology are applications upon our internal operating systems, property management platforms, as well as external rental platforms, like Airbnb and similar online platforms, which include certain automated processes that require access to telecommunications or the internet, each of which is subject to system security risks. Certain critical components are dependent upon third party service providers and a significant portion of our business operations are conducted over the internet. As a result, we could be severely impacted by a catastrophic occurrence, such as a natural disaster or a terrorist attack, or a circumstance that disrupted access to telecommunications, the internet or operations at our third-party service providers, including viruses or experienced computer programmers that could penetrate network security defenses and cause system failures and disruptions of operations. Even though we believe we utilize appropriate duplication and back-up procedures, a significant outage in telecommunications, the internet or at our third-party service providers could negatively impact our operations.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information systems and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

Information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks. In the ordinary course of our business, we acquire and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our prospective and current residents, employees and third-party service providers. The secure processing and maintenance of such information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored therein could be accessed, publicly disclosed, misused, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers or damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, reputation and competitive position.

Our use of “open source” software could adversely affect our ability to offer our platform and services and subject us to costly litigation and other disputes.

We have in the past incorporated and may in the future incorporate certain “open source” software into our code base as we continue to develop our platform and integrate services, technical architecture and software from acquired companies. Open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses, which in some instances may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we offer our products that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make publicly available the source code for any modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. From time to time, companies that use open source software have faced claims challenging the use of open source software or compliance with open source license terms. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of open-source software license types, almost none of which have been tested in a court of law, resulting in a dearth of guidance regarding the proper legal interpretation of such licenses. We could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms.

While we employ practices designed to monitor our compliance with the licenses of third-party open source software and protect our proprietary source code, inadvertent use of open source software is fairly common in software development in the Internet and technology industries. Such inadvertent use of open source software could expose us to claims of non-compliance with the applicable terms of the underlying licenses, which could lead to unforeseen business disruptions, including being restricted from offering parts of our product which incorporate the software, being required to publicly release proprietary source code, being required to re-engineer parts of our code base to comply with license terms, or being required to extract the open source software at issue. Our exposure to these risks may be increased as a result of evolving our core source code base, introducing new offerings, integrating acquired-company technologies, or making other business changes, including in areas where we do not currently compete. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact the value or enforceability of our intellectual property, and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We rely upon Amazon Web Services to operate certain aspects of our service and any disruption of or interference with our use of the Amazon Web Services operation would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted.

Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) provides a distributed computing infrastructure platform for business operations, or what is commonly referred to as a “cloud” computing service. Our software and computer systems have been designed to utilize data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS. Currently, we run the vast majority of our computing on AWS. Given this, along with the fact that we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted. 

If internet search engines’ methodologies or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website are modified, or our search result page rankings decline for other reasons, our user growth could decline.

We depend in part on various internet search engines, such as Google and Bing, as well as other channels to direct a significant amount of traffic to our website. Our ability to maintain the number of visitors directed to our website is not entirely within our control. For example, our competitors’ search engine optimization and other efforts may result in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than ours, internet search engines or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website could revise their methodologies in a manner that adversely impacts traffic to our website, or we may make changes to our website that adversely impact our search engine optimization rankings and traffic. As a result, links to our website may not be prominent enough to drive sufficient traffic to our website, and we may not be able to influence the results.

We may experience a decline in traffic to our website if third-party browser technologies are changed, or search engine or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website change their methodologies or rules, to our disadvantage. We expect the search engines and other channels that we utilize to drive users to our website to continue to periodically change their algorithms, policies, and technologies. These changes may result in an interruption in users’ ability to access our website or impair our ability to maintain and grow the number of users who visit our website. We may also be forced to significantly increase marketing expenditures in the event that market prices for online advertising and paid listings escalate or our organic ranking decreases. Any of these changes could have an adverse impact on our business and operating results.

We may utilize a significant amount of indebtedness in the operation of our business.

We intend to employ prudent leverage, to the extent available, to fund the acquisition of companies, refinance existing debt and for other corporate and business purposes deemed advisable by us. In determining to use leverage, we assess a variety of factors, including without limitation the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the assets in our investment portfolio, if applicable, the cash flow generation capability of our assets, the availability of credit on favorable terms, any prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing, the credit quality of our assets and our outlook for borrowing costs relative to the unlevered yields on our assets.

Incurring substantial debt could subject us to many risks that, if realized, would adversely affect us, including the risk that: (i) our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest on the debt, which is likely to result in acceleration of such debt; (ii) our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions with no assurance that investment yields will increase with higher financing cost; (iii) we may be required to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for distributions to our stockholders, operations and capital expenditures, future acquisition opportunities, or other purposes; and, (iv) the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced.

If we do not have sufficient funds to repay debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the debt through additional debt financings or additional capital raising. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancing, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flows, and, consequently, cash available for general working purposes. If we are unable to refinance debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of our assets on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt service obligations, we will risk losing some or all of our assets that may be pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Any unsecured debt agreements we enter into may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect us and our business operations and cause the value of our common stock to decline. 

Aspects of our business are subject to privacy, data use and data security regulations, which may impact the way we use data to target customers, and the increasing regulatory focus on cybersecurity and privacy issues and expanding laws could affect our business model and expose us to increased liability.  

Privacy and security laws and regulations may limit the use and disclosure of certain information and require us to adopt certain cybersecurity and data handling practices that may affect our ability to effectively market our manufacturing capabilities to current, past or prospective customers. In many jurisdictions consumers must be notified in the event of a data security breach, and such notification requirements continue to increase in scope and cost. The changing privacy laws in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere, including the GDPR in the EU, which became effective May 25, 2018, and the CCPA. The GDPR and other European laws regarding privacy and data protection regulate the transfer of personal data from Europe, including the European Economic Area (“EEA”) the UK, and Switzerland, to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States, unless the parties to the transfer have implemented specific safeguards to protect the transferred personal information. The safeguard on which we have primarily relied for such transfers has been use of the European Commission’s standard contractual clauses (“SCCs”). We have undertaken certain efforts to conform transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United States based on our understanding of current regulatory obligations and the guidance of data protection authorities. In the “Schrems II” decision issued by the Court of Justice of the EU (“CJEU”) on July 16, 2020, the CJEU invalidated one mechanism for cross-border personal data transfer, the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, and imposed additional obligations on companies relying on the SCCs to transfer personal data. Similarly, the CCPA was enacted on June 28, 2018 and became effective on January 1, 2020, and it creates new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations, including disclosure obligations, on companies handling personal data. In addition, the CCPA broadly defines personal information, gives California residents expanded privacy rights and protections, and provides for civil penalties for certain violations. Furthermore, in November 2020, California voters passed the CRPA, which amends and expands CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing those requirements. Additional countries and states, including Nevada, Virginia, Colorado, Utah, and Connecticut, have also passed comprehensive privacy laws with additional obligations and requirements on businesses. These laws and regulations are increasing in severity, complexity and number, change frequently, and increasingly conflict among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, which has resulted in greater compliance risk and cost for us. In addition, we are also subject to the possibility of security breaches and other incidents, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws.

Additionally, we recently acquired companies that provide mortgage brokerage services, title services and others. Our mortgage brokerage subsidiary is subject to the privacy regulations of the GLBA, along with its implementing regulations, which restricts certain collection, transfer, processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal information, requires notice to individuals of privacy practices, provides individuals with certain rights to prevent the use and disclosure of certain nonpublic or otherwise legally protected information and imposes requirements for the safeguarding and proper destruction of personal information through the issuance of data security standards or guidelines. In addition, on March 1, 2017, new cybersecurity rules took effect for financial institutions, insurers and certain other companies, like our mortgage subsidiaries, supervised by the NY Department of Financial Services (the “NY DFS Cybersecurity Regulation”). The NY DFS Cybersecurity Regulation imposes significant regulatory burdens intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information systems. We also have contractual obligations to protect confidential and personally identifiable information we obtain from third parties. These obligations generally require them, in accordance with applicable laws, to protect such information to the same extent that they protect their own such information.

The impact of these continuously evolving laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on the way we use data to digitally market and pursue our customers, as well as in our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Global economic, political and market conditions and economic uncertainty caused by the recent outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The current worldwide volatility of financial markets, domestic inflationary pressures, various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world, and public health crises, such as the one caused by COVID-19, may continue to contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties or deterioration in the United States and worldwide. Economic uncertainty can have a negative impact on our business through changing spreads, structures and purchase multiples, as well as the overall supply of investment capital.

Global economic conditions and consumer trends have shifted since early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and continue to persist and may have a long-lasting adverse impact on us and the travel industry independently of the progress of the pandemic. Additionally, we cannot assure you that conditions in the bank lending, capital and other financial markets will not continue to deteriorate as a result of disruptions in the financial markets since the COVID-19 pandemic, or that our access to capital and other sources of funding will not become constrained, which could adversely affect the availability and terms of future borrowings, renewals or refinancings. In addition, the deterioration of global economic conditions as a result of the pandemic may ultimately decrease occupancy levels and pricing across our portfolio and may cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to meet their rent obligations to us in full, or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations. In addition, to the extent we hold any properties, governmental authorities may enact laws that will prevent us from taking action against tenants who do not pay rent.  We do not know how long the financial markets will continue to be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the United States economy and securities markets or on our investments. As a result of these factors, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully monitor developments and manage our investments in a manner consistent with achieving our investment objectives.

As a result of the acquisitions of Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, we are subject to additional laws and regulations that monitor the loan origination and servicing sectors, and rules issued by the CFPB may increase our regulatory compliance burden and associated costs.

Our mortgage brokerage subsidiaries are subject to the regulatory, supervisory and examination authority of the CFPB, which has oversight of federal and state non-depository lending and servicing institutions, including residential mortgage originators and loan servicers. The CFPB has rulemaking authority with respect to many of the federal consumer protection laws applicable to mortgage lenders and servicers, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the Fair Debt Collections Practices Act. The CFPB has issued a number of regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act relating to loan origination and servicing activities, including ability to repay and “qualified mortgage” standards and other origination standards and practices.

The CFPB’s examinations have increased, and will likely continue to increase, our mortgage business’ administrative and compliance costs. They could also greatly influence the availability and cost of residential mortgage credit and increase servicing costs and risks. These increased costs of compliance, the effect of these rules on the lending industry and loan servicing, and any failure in our mortgage business’s ability to comply with the new rules by their effective dates, could be detrimental to their business. The CFPB also issued guidelines on sending examiners to banks and other institutions that service and/or originate mortgages to assess whether consumers’ interests are protected. The CFPB also has broad enforcement powers, and can order, among other things, rescission or reformation of contracts, the refund of moneys or the return of real property, restitution, disgorgement or compensation for unjust enrichment, the payment of damages or other monetary relief, public notifications regarding violations, limits on activities or functions, remediation of practices, external compliance monitoring and civil money penalties. The CFPB has been active in investigations and enforcement actions and, when necessary, has issued civil money penalties to parties the CFPB determines has violated the laws and regulations it enforces.

Additionally, antidiscrimination statutes, such as the Fair Housing Act and the ECOA, prohibit creditors from discriminating against loan applicants and borrowers based on certain characteristics, such as race, religion and national origin, among others. Various federal regulatory agencies and departments, including the U.S. Department of Justice and the CFPB, take the position that these laws apply not only to intentional discrimination, but also to neutral practices that have a disparate impact on a group that shares a characteristic that a creditor may not consider in making credit decisions (i.e., creditor or servicing practices that have a disproportionate negative effect on a protected class of individuals). These regulatory agencies, as well as consumer advocacy groups and plaintiffs’ attorneys, are focusing greater attention on “disparate impact” claims. Regulatory agencies and private plaintiffs are expected to apply the “disparate impact” theory to both the Fair Housing Act and ECOA in the context of mortgage lending and servicing, among others. To the extent that the “disparate impact” theory continues to apply, it may significantly increase our administrative burdens, compliance requirements and potential liability for failures to comply.

Our mortgage brokerage businesses’ failure to comply with the federal consumer protection laws, rules and regulations to which they are subject, whether actual or alleged, could expose them to enforcement actions or potential litigation liabilities. Moreover, if the CFPB or other regulatory authorities adopt new rules governing the use of AI in mortgage underwriting or loan approval processes, we may face additional compliance obligations and potential enforcement risks. Our inability to adapt to these regulatory changes in a timely and efficient manner could result in an adverse effect to our business, financial condition and results of operations in our technology services segment.

We are subject to domestic and international governmental export and import controls that may impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws or if we do not secure or maintain the required export authorizations. 

In many cases, our products and services are or may in the future be subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations and subject to trade and economic sanctions maintained by OFAC. We are also subject to export control and trade sanctions laws and regulations in the EU, Singapore and other jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries may operate. As such, an export license may be required to export or re-export our technology and services to certain countries or end-users, or for certain end-uses, especially AI technologies, such as those involving sensitive customer data or proprietary algorithms. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws or regulations in other jurisdictions, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements regarding the export of our services, including new releases and/or the performance of services, may create delays in the introduction of our services in non-U.S. markets, prevent our customers with non-U.S. operations from deploying these services throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the export of the services to some countries altogether.

Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale or offering may not be possible, may be time-consuming, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. In addition, compliance with the directives of the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”) may result in substantial expenses and diversion of management attention. Any failure to adequately address the directives of DDTC could result in civil fines or suspension or loss of our export privileges, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. Further, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions as well as similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions prohibit the export of offerings to certain U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, and persons, as well as for prohibited end-uses. We may in the future fail to secure or maintain at all times all required export authorizations, which could have negative consequences on our business, including reputational harm, government investigations and civil and criminal penalties. Additionally, monitoring and ensuring compliance with these complex export control laws, regulations and sanctions may be particularly challenging as we expand internationally and our offerings are distributed in non-U.S. countries. Any failure by us, our subsidiaries or our partners to comply with all relevant export laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties.

Any change in domestic or international export or import laws or regulations, economic sanctions, or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing export, import, or sanctions laws or regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such export, import, or sanctions laws or regulations, could result in decreased use of our platform by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell access to our platform to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our platform or limitation on our ability to export to or sell access to our platform in international markets would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.   

Our dependence upon our business partners and their key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

Our business operations are supported by relationships with key personnel from our subsidiaries and other potential business partners we may collaborate with, including vendors, suppliers, service providers, and other strategic partners. The loss of one or more of these key personnel or business partners, or a significant change in the terms of our relationship with them, could disrupt our business operations and negatively impact our financial performance. Furthermore, the success of our partnerships depends on the continued service and expertise of key personnel at Naamche, other companies we collaborate with and other companies we may acquire in the future, and we cannot guarantee that these individuals will remain with Naamche or their respective companies, or continue to provide the same level of service or expertise to us. If these individuals leave or are unable to continue providing their services, our ability to maintain and grow our business relationships could be negatively impacted, which could harm our financial results.

In the future, we may have operations in countries known to experience high levels of corruption and any violation of anti-corruption laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other laws in the United States and elsewhere that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials, political parties, state-owned or controlled enterprises, and/or private entities and individuals for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We may have operations in, and that otherwise deal with countries known to experience corruption. Our activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, contractors, agents, or users that could be in violation of various laws, including the FCPA and anti-bribery laws in these countries. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations may result in extensive internal or external investigations as well as significant financial penalties and reputational harm, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 

We rely on our international offices to provide back office support functions, and if we are unable to manage the challenges associated with our international operations, our ability to operate our business may be adversely affected.

We maintain international offices in India with 12 employees and Nepal with 56 employees. Employees at these locations provide back office support services including branding, marketing, design, finance and accounting, as well as research and development activities. Operations outside the U.S. are subject to legal, political and operational risks that may be greater than those present in the U.S. If the Company is unable to address and overcome these risks, its operations could be interrupted or its growth could be limited, which may have an adverse effect on its business and operating results.

These risks include, but are not limited to:

The inability to protect our intellectual property rights could harm our reputation, damage our business or interfere with our competitive position.

Our intellectual property is valuable and provides us with certain competitive advantages. Copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, technology licensing agreements, nondisclosure agreements and contracts are used to protect these proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for third parties to copy aspects of our products or, without authorization, to obtain and use information that we regard as trade secrets. Our pending patents may be denied, and our patents may be circumvented by our competitors. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad will be adequate or that competing companies will not independently develop similar technologies. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business. 

The third parties we may engage with are subject to laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, or otherwise harm our third party service providers and, as a result, our business.

Third parties we may engage for key services, such as software development, marketing, investor relations and others, may be subject to a variety of laws and regulations that involve matters such as: privacy; data protection; personal information; rights of publicity; content; marketing; distribution; data security; data retention and deletion; electronic contracts and other communications; consumer protection; and online payment services. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently. Additionally, as we depend on third parties for key services, we rely on such third-party service providers’ compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters relating to our customers.

These various federal and state privacy and data security laws and regulatory standards create data privacy rights for users, including more ability to control how their data is shared with third parties. These laws and regulations, as well as any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions, may be costly to comply with, result in negative publicity, require significant management time and attention, and subject our service providers, and us, to remedies that may harm our business, including fines or demands or orders that we modify or cease existing business practices.

We may not successfully detect and prevent fraud, misconduct, incompetence or theft by our third-party service providers. In addition, any removal or termination of third-party service providers would require us to seek new vendors or providers, which would create delays and adversely affect our operations. Poor performance by such third-party service providers will reflect poorly on us and could significantly damage our reputation among guests. In the event of fraud or misconduct by a third party, we could also be exposed to material liability and be held responsible for damages, fines or penalties and our reputation may suffer.

We may in the future be subject to claims that we or others violated certain third-party intellectual property rights, which, even where meritless, can be costly to defend and could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The Internet and technology industries are characterized by significant creation and protection of intellectual property rights and by frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of such intellectual property rights. There may be intellectual property rights held by others, including issued or pending patents, trademarks, and copyrights, and applications of the foregoing, that they allege cover significant aspects of our technologies, content, branding, or business methods. Moreover, companies in the Internet and technology industries are frequent targets of practicing and non-practicing entities seeking to profit from royalties in connection with grants of licenses. Like many other companies in the Internet and technology industries, we sometimes enter into agreements which include indemnification provisions related to intellectual property which can subject us to costs and damages in the event of a claim against an indemnified third party.

We may receive in the future communications from third parties, including practicing and non-practicing entities, claiming that we have infringed, misused, or otherwise misappropriated their intellectual property rights, including alleged patent infringement. Additionally, we may in the future be involved in claims, suits, regulatory proceedings, and other proceedings involving alleged infringement, misuse, or misappropriation of third-party intellectual property rights, or relating to our intellectual property holdings and rights. Intellectual property claims against us, regardless of merit, could be time consuming and expensive to litigate or settle and could divert our management’s attention and other resources.

Claims involving intellectual property could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using certain technologies, content, branding, or business methods found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We might be required or may opt to seek a license for rights to intellectual property held by others, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, content, branding, or business methods, which could require significant effort and expense and make us less competitive. Any of these results could materially adversely affect our ability to compete and our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may introduce new offerings or changes to existing offerings or make other business changes, including in areas where we currently do not compete, which could increase our exposure to patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights claims from competitors, other practicing entities, and non-practicing entities. Similarly, our exposure to risks associated with various intellectual property claims may increase as a result of acquisitions of other companies. Third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired a company or technology that had not been asserted prior to the acquisition.

The obligations to the Lender under the Note (each as defined below) and related agreements are secured by a security interest in all of our non-foreign assets and all of the assets of certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, so if we default on those obligations, the Lender could proceed against any or all such assets.

Our obligations under the Note and the related agreements are secured by all of our non-foreign assets and all of the assets of Rhove, our wholly-owned subsidiary, pursuant to security agreements and intellectual security agreements executed by us and Rhove in connection with the issuance of the Note. As such, the Lender may enforce its security interests over our non-foreign assets and the assets of Rhove that secure the repayment of such obligations, take control of such assets and operations, force us to seek bankruptcy protection or force us to curtail or abandon our current business plans and operations. If that were to happen, any investment in our securities could become worthless.

We are subject to certain contractual limitations that could materially adversely affect our ability to consummate future financings.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below), in connection with the issuance of the Note to the Lender, we agreed to be subject to certain restrictions on our ability to issue securities until all of our obligations under the Note, Purchase Agreement and all other related agreements are paid and performed in full. Specifically, we agreed, among other things, to (i) not make any Restricted Issuances (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) without the Lender’s prior written consent, which consent may be granted or withheld in the Lender’s sole and absolute discretion, unless the proceeds therefrom are used to repay the Note in full; (ii) not grant any lien, security interest or encumbrance, subject to certain exceptions, on any of our or our subsidiaries’ assets, in each case without the Lender’s prior written consent, which consent may be granted or withheld in the Lender’s sole discretion; and (iii) not enter into any agreement or otherwise agree to any covenant, condition, or obligation that locks up, restricts in any way or otherwise prohibits us, other than such lock ups, restrictions or prohibitions with a term of no more than 75 days in connection with one transaction, or series of transactions, per any 12 month period: (a) from entering into a variable rate transaction with the Lender or any of the Lender’s affiliates, or (b) from issuing securities to the Lender or any of the Lender’s affiliates. Such restrictions could materially adversely affect our ability to consummate future financings. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, if we breach or allegedly breach such restrictions, we will be obligated to indemnify the Lender and all its officers, directors, employees, attorneys, and agents for loss or damage arising as a result of or related to such breach or alleged breach, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

While the Purchase Agreement further provides that at any time during the 12-month period beginning on the date of the issuance and sale of the Note, the Lender will have the right, but not the obligation, with our prior written consent, to reinvest up to an additional $5,000,000 in the aggregate in the Company in one or more notes on the same terms and conditions as the Note, there can be no assurance that the Lender will exercise such right or that we will be able to negotiate such reinvestment from the Lender on terms acceptable to us.

The Purchase Agreement also contains a “most favored nation” provision pursuant to which, so long as the Note is outstanding, upon any issuance by us of any debt security with any economic term or condition more favorable to the holder of such security or with a term in favor of the holder of such security that was not similarly provided to the Lender in the transaction documents related to the Note, we agreed to notify the Lender of such additional or more favorable economic term and such term, at the Lender’s option, shall become a part of the transaction documents related to the Note for the benefit of the Lender. Such “most favored nation” provision may also restrict our ability to secure future financings unless the Lender waives its rights under such provision.

If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If we fail to comply with the restrictions and covenants in the Purchase Agreement or the Note, there could be an event of default under the Note, which could result in an acceleration of payments due under the Note, the application of default interest and other consequences.

Failure to meet the restrictions, obligations and limitations under the Purchase Agreement and the Note may result in an event of default in accordance with the terms of the Note. Such events include, among others, our failure to pay any amount when due and payable thereunder, us becoming insolvent or declaring bankruptcy, the occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) except those that result in the Note being paid in full, failure to observe and comply with certain covenants, obligations, conditions or agreements set forth therein, any representation, warranty or other statement made therein or otherwise in connection with the issuance of this Note being false, incorrect, incomplete or misleading in any material respect subject to certain cure periods, and effectuating a reverse stock split without a certain prior written notice to the Lender, which events could result in the acceleration of obligations under the Note. Also, an event of default would, among other things, provide the noteholder with the right to increase the outstanding balance by 10% for certain major events of default and 5% for others, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Note. Additionally, at any time following an event of default, upon written notice to us, interest will accrue on the outstanding balance of the Note beginning on the date the applicable event of default occurred at an interest rate equal to the lesser of 15% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law. Such consequences upon an event of default could materially impair our financial condition and liquidity. In addition, if the Lender accelerates the Note, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to satisfy our obligations under the Note.

The redemption feature of the Note may require us to make redemption payments at the request of the Lender, which redemptions may have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of operations and ability to pay our debts as they come due, and we may not have the required funds to pay such redemptions, which could result in an event of default under the Note.

From time to time, the Lender may redeem up to $545,000 of the Note per month, which amount will be due and payable in cash within three trading days of our receipt of a redemption notice from the Lender. Further, once we have made five redemption payments in cash, all subsequent redemption payments paid in cash will be subject to a 9% redemption premium. Such redemptions may have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of operations and ability to pay our other debts as they come due. In addition, we may not have the required funds to pay such redemptions and our failure to pay the redemptions, when due, may result in an event of default under the Note.

If we fail to accurately report and present non-GAAP financial measures, together with our financial results determined in accordance with GAAP, investors may lose confidence and our stock price could decline. Additionally, stockholders may consider GAAP measures to be more relevant to our operating performance than the non-GAAP financial measures we present.

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe certain non-GAAP measures, such as Adjusted EBITDA, may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We present Adjusted EBITDA measures as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of our operations and to provide better transparency into our results of operations. We intend to continue to present Adjusted EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures in future filings with the SEC and other public statements. We may in the future fail to accurately report non-GAAP financial measures we present, or elect not to report or adjust the calculation of certain non-GAAP financial measures we present. Any failure to accurately report and present our non-GAAP financial measures could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

The market price of our stock may also fluctuate based on future non-GAAP financial results we may present if investors base their investment decisions on such non-GAAP financial measures. If we decide to alter or discontinue the use of non-GAAP financial measures in reporting our annual and quarterly results of operations, the market price of our stock could be adversely affected if investors analyze our performance in a different manner.

Our ongoing disputes with GYBL may be costly, time consuming and, if adversely determined against us, could result in a significant downward adjustment of the GEM Warrants’ exercise price, and potentially other penalties and expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and business operations.

On November 1, 2024, we filed a lawsuit against GEM Yield Bahamas Limited (“GYBL”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”) in which we have asserted two causes of action: (i) rescission of the warrants issued to GYBL (the “GEM Warrants”) pursuant to that certain Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2022 (the “GEM Agreement”), by and among us, GYBL, and GEM Global Yield LLC SCS (“GEM Yield”, and together with GYBL, “GEM”), pursuant to Section 29(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) due to GYBL’s underlying violation of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act for effecting the GEM Warrants as an unregistered dealer, and (ii) in the alternative, a declaratory judgment that the exercise price adjustment calculation of the GEM Warrants is governed by the terms provided in the GEM Warrants, rather than the terms of the GEM Agreement. Following a motion to dismiss filed by GYBL on January 17, 2025, the Court granted such motion to dismiss on March 14, 2025. Following such dismissal by the Court, GYBL filed a separate lawsuit against us, in which GYBL is asserting two causes of action against us: (1) breach of the terms of the GEM Warrants, and (2) declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. In addition to the declaratory relief, GYBL is seeking monetary damages in an amount to be determined at trial, specific performance of the GEM Warrants and attorneys’ fees and litigation costs.

Given the ongoing disputes with GYBL, the exercise price of the GEM Warrants have not been adjusted pursuant to the GEM Warrant’s terms while these disputes are pending, and, to the extent any shares of common stock are sold pursuant to an equity offering, for instance, at a price per share that is below the then-current exercise price of the GEM Warrants, we do not plan to adjust the exercise price of the GEM Warrants pending resolution of such disputes. A final adverse ruling against us in pending lawsuits and any subsequent appeals, or in any other claim or counterclaim, as applicable, sought by GYBL, could lead to a significant downward adjustment to the current exercise price of the GEM Warrants, additional expenses incurred related to the lawsuits during the ongoing disputes, including, but not limited to, attorney’s fees, and any other remedies the court may deem just.

Further, any lawsuit and subsequent appeals may be expensive, may divert management’s time away from our operations, and may affect the availability and premiums of our liability insurance coverage, regardless of whether our claims are meritorious, or ultimately lead to a judgment against us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to be successful in lawsuits, or any subsequent appeal, against GYBL or resolve any current or future litigation matters, in which case those litigation matters, including the disputes with GYBL, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Loss of our current executive officers and other key employees, including from our subsidiaries, could significantly harm our business.

We depend on the industry experience and talent of our current executives, including Giri Devanur, our Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Michael J. Logozzo, our Chief Operating Officer and President, Piyush Phadke, our Chief Financial Officer, and other key employees from our subsidiaries and newly acquired companies. We also rely on individuals in key management positions within our operations, finance, strategy, marketing and technology teams. We believe that our future results will depend, in part, upon our ability to retain and attract highly skilled and qualified management. The loss of our executive officers or any key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our operations because other officers might not have the experience and expertise to readily replace these individuals. To the extent that one or more of our top executives or other key management personnel depart from our company, our operations and business prospects may be adversely affected. In addition, changes in executives and key personnel could be disruptive to our business. We do not have any key person insurance.

If we are unable to hire qualified persons, or unable to retain, motivate and develop our employees, our revenue could be adversely affected.

In order to support revenues and revenue growth, we may need to develop, train and retain our employees and any sales force we may develop to advance our mission objectives. Our ability to hire qualified employees or build and develop a qualified sales force may be affected by a number of factors, including: our ability to attract, integrate and motivate sales personnel; our ability to effectively train our sales force; the ability of our sales force to sell an increased number and different types of products; our ability to manage effectively an outbound tele sales group; the length of time it takes new sales personnel to become productive; the competition we face from other companies in hiring and retaining sales personnel; our ability to effectively structure our sales force; and our ability to effectively manage a multi-location sales organization, including field sales personnel. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees and sales personnel, including any sales force management team we may have, or if our employees are unproductive, our revenues or growth rate could decline and our expenses could increase. We may face additional challenges in hiring employees in an increasingly competitive job market.

Risks Related to Our Technologies and Industry  

Our business depends significantly on the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry and changes in general economic conditions.

Our success depends largely on the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry. This industry, in turn, is affected by changes in general economic conditions, which are beyond our control. Any of the following factors could reduce the volume of residential real estate transactions, cause a decline in the prices at which homes are bought and sold, or otherwise adversely affect the industry and harm our business:

The business and industry in which we participate are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete successfully with our current or future competitors.

We operate in a highly competitive environment and we face significant competition in attracting customers.

We believe that our competitors include:

Our competitors are adopting aspects of our business model, which could affect our ability to differentiate our offerings from competitors. Increased competition could result in reduced demand for our platforms and technologies, slow our growth, and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages over us, such as greater name and brand recognition, longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets, and loyalty programs, as well as substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources. As a result, our competitors may be able to provide consumers with a better or more complete real estate solutions experience and respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or real estate investor requirements or preferences. In addition, emerging start-ups may be able to innovate and focus on developing a new product or service based on AI technologies faster than we can or may foresee consumer need for new offerings or technologies before we do.

There are now numerous competing companies that offer AI-powered solutions for real estate purposes, such as Redfin, Zillow, Keyway Real Estate, Inc. and others. Some of these competitors also aggregate property listings obtained through various sources, including the websites of property managers. Some of these competitors or potential competitors also have more established or varied relationships with customers in the real estate industry than we do, and they could use these advantages in ways that could affect our competitive position, including by entering the travel and accommodations businesses. For example, some competitors or potential competitors are creating “super-apps” where consumers can use many online services without leaving that company’s app, e.g., in particular regions, such as Asia, where e-commerce transactions are conducted primarily through apps on mobile devices. If any of these platforms are successful in offering services similar to ours to customers seeking similar solutions, or if we are unable to offer our services to customers within these super-apps, our customer acquisition efforts could be less effective and our customer acquisition costs, including our brand and performance marketing expenses, could increase, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We also face increasing competition from search engines including Google. How Google presents AI based real estate solution providers, and its potential promotion of future services that may be similar to ours and of our competitors, or similar actions from other search engines, and their practices concerning search rankings, could decrease our search traffic, increase traffic acquisition costs, and/or disintermediate our technologies and offerings.

The reAlpha platform is currently limited to certain geographic markets. Our failure to adapt to any substantial shift in the relative percentage of residential housing transactions from these markets to other markets in the United States could adversely affect our financial performance.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the reAlpha platform was available in 20 counties in Florida. Further, since our recent acquisitions of Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, we now have the ability to operate the reAlpha platform in up to 30 U.S. states, subject to regulatory requirements to obtain licenses in such additional U.S. states.

Local and regional conditions in these markets may differ significantly from prevailing conditions in the United States or other parts of the country. Accordingly, events may adversely and disproportionately affect demand for and sales prices of homes in these markets. For example, the recent hurricanes in southwestern Florida may negatively impact local housing supply, demand, and sale prices in that market. Any overall or disproportionate downturn in demand or home prices in any of our largest markets, particularly if we are unable to increase revenue from our other markets, could adversely affect growth of our revenue, gross profit, profitability, and market share or otherwise harm our business.

Our top market is Florida, given that the reAlpha platform is not yet operating in other U.S. states, but we intend to expand and target other major metropolitan areas, where home prices and transaction volumes are generally higher than other markets. As a result, the revenue and gross profit generated from transactions in the reAlpha platform will be primarily comprised of transactions in Florida until we expand into additional U.S. states. To the extent there is a long-term net migration to cities outside of Florida, the percentage of residential housing transactions in the reAlpha platform may be materially affected, which will adversely affect our financial performance. Our inability to adapt to any shift, including failing to increase revenue and gross profit from other markets, could adversely affect our financial performance and market share.

We have integrated, and expect to continue to integrate in the future, AI in certain tools and features available on our platform. AI technology presents various operational, compliance, and reputational risks and if any such risks were to materialize, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We have integrated AI technologies in many of our tools and features available on our platform that customers use when purchasing a home. For example, we may use AI technologies to estimate home values, answer customer questions, provide real estate insights and others. We may continue to integrate these technologies in new or current offerings. Notwithstanding the use of AI on our platform, we have yet to utilize AI within our financial reporting or internal control over financial reporting functions. Given that AI is a rapidly developing technology that is in its early stages of business use, it presents a number of operational, compliance and reputational risks. AI algorithms are currently known to sometimes produce unexpected results and behave in unpredictable ways (e.g., “hallucinatory behavior”) that can generate irrelevant, nonsensical, fictitious, deficient, offensive or factually incorrect content and results, which if incorporated into our platform, may result in reputational harm to us and our agents and be damaging to our brand. Additionally, content, analyses or recommendations that are based on AI might be found to be biased, discriminatory or harmful. Data sets from which large language models learn are at risk of poisoning or manipulation by bad actors, resulting in offensive or undesired output. Similarly, the data set could contain copyrighted material resulting in infringing output. AI output might present ethical concerns or violate current and future laws and regulations, including licensing laws and a variety of federal and state fair lending laws and regulations such as the Fair Housing Act, the ECOA, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, and the prohibition against engaging in Unfair, Deceptive, or Abusive Acts or Practices pursuant to the Dodd-Frank act.

We expect that there will continue to be new laws or regulations concerning the use of AI technology, which might be burdensome for us to comply with and may limit our ability to offer or enhance our existing tools and features within the reAlpha platform or new offerings based on AI technology. Further, the use of AI technology involves complexities and requires specialized expertise. We may not be able to attract and retain top talent to support our AI technology initiatives. If any of the operational, compliance or reputational risks were to materialize, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our technologies that are currently being developed may not yield expected results or be delivered on time.

We could face delays, bugs, or crashes during and after the development process of any of our technologies that could cause adverse results on our timelines and ability to perform. We rely on our technology for our business model and scalability. Should the technology not yield the expected results, we may not be able to achieve scalability on the timeline or at all that we have forecasted. We rely on the ability of our employees to develop our technologies to achieve desired results. If our technologies take longer than expected to be commercialized due to any delays during their development, or not function as we intended, our business and results of operations may be materially affected.

The implementation of artificial intelligence into our technologies may prove to be more difficult than anticipated and may adversely affect our business.

Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using and integrating AI technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. The costs of implementing new technology, including personnel, can be high, in both absolute and relative terms, and we may not achieve intended benefits of new technology initiatives. Moreover, the implementation of AI technology can expose us to new or increased operational risks. For example, our implementation of certain new technologies, such as those related to AI, machine learning and automated decision making, in our business processes may have unintended consequences due to their limitations or our failure to use them effectively. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements or are technology focused start-ups with internally developed cloud-native systems that offer improved user interfaces and experiences. We may not be able to effectively develop AI technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers, or effectively deploy new technologies to improve efficiency. In addition, we depend on internal and outsourced technology to support all aspects of our business operations. Interruption or failure of these systems creates a risk of business loss as a result of adverse customer experiences and possible diminishing of our reputation, damage claims or civil fines. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change and affecting the AI industry or to successfully implement such AI technologies could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

The use of new and evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in our operations may require us to expend material resources for compliance and may present risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security and other risks to our confidential information, proprietary information and personal information, any of which may result in reputational harm and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Integrating AI into our operations presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. There are significant risks involved in utilizing AI and no assurance can be provided that the usage of AI will enhance our business or assist our business in becoming more efficient or profitable. The use of certain AI technology can give rise to intellectual property risks, including compromises to proprietary intellectual property and intellectual property infringement and misappropriation. Other known risks of AI currently include inaccuracy, bias, toxicity, data privacy and cybersecurity issues, and data provenance disputes. In addition, AI may have errors or inadequacies that are not easily detectable. AI may also be subject to data herding and interconnectedness (i.e., multiple market participants utilizing the same data), which may adversely impact our business. If the data used to train AI or the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, incomplete, overbroad or biased, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Additionally, we expect to see increasing government and supranational regulation and ethical concerns related to AI use which may also significantly increase the burden and cost of research, development and compliance in this area. For example, the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act — the world’s first comprehensive AI law — entered into force on August 1, 2024 and, with some exceptions, will become fully applicable 24 months thereafter. This legislation imposes significant obligations on providers and deployers of high risk AI systems, and encourages providers and deployers of AI systems to account for certain ethical principles in their design, development and use of these systems. The rapid evolution of AI will require the application of significant resources to design, develop, test and maintain our technology and products to help ensure that AI is implemented in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and in a socially responsible manner and to minimize any real or perceived unintended harmful impacts. The legal landscape and subsequent legal protection for the use of AI remains uncertain, and development of the law in this area could impact our ability to enforce our proprietary rights or protect against infringing uses. If we do not have sufficient rights to use the data on which AI relies or to the outputs produced by AI applications, we may incur liability through the violation of certain laws, third-party privacy or other rights or contracts to which we are a party. Our use of AI applications may also, in the future, result in cybersecurity incidents that implicate the personal data of customers or patients. Any such cybersecurity incidents related to our use of AI applications could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.  

Third-party vendors and our subsidiaries may also incorporate AI tools into their own offerings, and the providers of these AI tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards, including with respect to intellectual property, privacy and data security. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of AI, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business.

Our success is based on our ability to commercialize and continuously improve our technologies and platform to our customers in the real estate industry. Our failure to achieve any of these outcomes would adversely impact our business. Our technology offerings may also contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities.

The success of our business is based in large part upon our ability to commercialize, and continuously improve, our technologies that integrate artificial intelligence into the real estate industry solutions market. Maintaining or improving our current technology offerings to meet evolving industry standards and customer expectations, as well as developing commercially successful and innovative new technology, is challenging and expensive.

As standards and expectations evolve and new technology becomes available, we may be unable to identify, design, develop, and implement, in a timely and cost-effective manner, improvements to our current technologies to meet those standards and expectations. As a result, we may be unable to compete effectively, and to the extent our competitors develop new and/or better technology offerings faster than us, they may render our offerings noncompetitive or obsolete. Additionally, even if we implemented improvements to our current technology offerings or new technology offerings in a timely manner, our customers may not accept or be satisfied by the technologies we developed and its applications.

Our technology offerings, including the reAlpha platform and its tools, features, and capabilities, are key to our competitive plan for attracting potential customers to purchase homes via the reAlpha platform. As the number of homebuyers and listings shared on our reAlpha platform, either online or through the mobile application, and the extent and types of data grow, our need for additional network capacity and computing power will also grow. Maintaining or improving our current technology, network capacity and computing power to meet evolving industry standards and customer expectations and data growth is challenging and expensive. For example, the nature of development cycles may result in delays between the time we incur expenses and the time we introduce new technology and generate revenue, if any, from those investments. Anticipated customer demand for a technology offering could also decrease after the development cycle has commenced, and we would not be able to recoup costs, which may be substantial, we incurred.

Furthermore, our development and testing processes may not detect errors and vulnerabilities in our technology offerings prior to their implementation. Any inefficiencies, errors, technical problems, or vulnerabilities arising in our technology offerings after their release could reduce the quality of our services or interfere with our customers’ access to and use of our technology and offerings.

We may be unable to obtain and provide comprehensive and accurate real estate listings quickly, or at all, through our reAlpha platform.

We believe that users of the reAlpha platform, whether online or mobile application, come to us primarily because of the real estate listing data that we provide. Accordingly, if we were unable to obtain and provide comprehensive and accurate real estate listings data, our primary channels for meeting customers will be diminished. We get listings data primarily from MLSs in the markets we serve. We also source listings data from public records, other third-party listing providers, and individual homeowners and brokers. Many of our competitors and other real estate websites also have access to MLSs and other listings data, including proprietary data, and may be able to source listings data or other real estate information faster or more efficiently than we can. Since MLS participation is voluntary, brokers and homeowners may decline to post their listings data to their local MLS or may seek to change or limit the way that data is distributed. There are industry participants actively working to change local MLS rules to allow brokers and homeowners to exclude more listings from the MLSs. A competitor or another industry participant could also create an alternative listings data service, or their own exclusive listings database, which may reduce the relevancy and comprehensive nature of the MLSs. If MLSs cease to be the predominant source of listings data in the markets that we serve, we may be unable to get access to comprehensive listings data on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which may result in fewer people using our website and mobile application.

If we are unable to deliver a rewarding experience on mobile devices, whether through our mobile website or mobile application, we may be unable to attract and retain customers.

Developing and supporting the reAlpha platform in a website and mobile application across multiple operating systems and devices requires substantial time and resources. We may not be able to consistently provide a rewarding customer experience on mobile devices and, as a result, customers we meet through the mobile application of reAlpha may not choose to use our services at the same rate as customers we interact through the reAlpha platform.

As new mobile devices and mobile operating systems are released, we may encounter problems in developing or supporting our mobile website or mobile application for them. Developing or supporting our mobile website or mobile application for new devices and their operating systems may require substantial time and resources. The success of our mobile website and mobile application could also be harmed by factors outside of our control, such as:

We may be unable to attract homebuyers to our reAlpha platform website and mobile application in a cost-effective manner.

The website version and mobile application of the reAlpha platform is our primary channel for meeting new customers seeking to purchase a home. Accordingly, our success depends on our ability to attract homebuyers to our website and mobile application in a cost-effective manner. To meet customers, we rely heavily on traffic generated from search engines and downloads of our mobile applications from mobile application stores. We also rely on marketing methods such as targeted email campaigns, paid search advertising, social media marketing, podcasts, and TV.

The number of visitors to our websites and downloads of our mobile applications depend in large part on how and where our website and mobile application rank in Internet search results and mobile application stores, respectively. While we use search engine optimization to help our website rank highly in search results, maintaining or improving our search result rankings is not within our control. Internet search engines frequently update and change their ranking algorithms, referral methodologies, or design layouts, which determine the placement and display of a user’s search results. In some instances, Internet search engines may change these rankings, which may have the effect of promoting their own competing services or the services of one or more of our competitors. Similarly, mobile application stores can change how they display searches and how mobile applications are featured. For instance, editors at the Apple App Store can feature prominently editor-curated mobile applications and cause the mobile application to appear larger than other applications or more visibly on a featured list.

Additionally, our marketing efforts may fail to attract the desired number of customers for a variety of reasons, including the possibility that the creative treatment for our advertisements may be ineffective, the inability to obtain desired advertising spots on TV or new third-party email delivery policies may make it more difficult for us to execute targeted email campaigns.

If we are unable to adapt to changes in technology and the evolving demands of our customers, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The real estate technology industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, consolidation, frequent new offering announcements, introductions, and enhancements, and changing consumer demands and preferences. Our future success will depend on our ability to adapt our technologies and services to evolving industry standards and local preferences and to continually innovate and improve the performance, features, and reliability of our technologies and services in response to competitive offerings and the evolving demands of customers. Our future success will also depend on our ability to adapt to emerging technologies such as tokenization, cryptocurrencies, new authentication technologies, such as biometrics, distributed ledger and blockchain technologies, AI, virtual and augmented reality, and cloud technologies, and their applicability into the markets in which we operate. As a result, we intend to continue to spend significant resources maintaining, developing, and enhancing our technologies and platform; however, these efforts may be more costly than expected and may not be successful. For example, we may not make the appropriate investments in new technologies, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, technological innovation often results in unintended consequences such as bugs, vulnerabilities, and other system failures. Any such bug, vulnerability, or failure, especially in connection with a significant technical implementation or change, could result in lost business, harm to our brand or reputation, consumer complaints, and other adverse consequences, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The residential real estate industry may be impacted by industry changes, including as the result of certain or future class action lawsuits or government investigations.

The residential real estate industry faces significant pressure from private lawsuits and investigations by the Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) with regards to antitrust and other issues, including with respect to lawsuits and investigations in which we are not a named party.

For example, in April 2019, the National Association of Realtors (“NAR”) and certain brokerages and franchisors (including Realogy Holdings Corp., HomeServices of America, Inc., RE/MAX and Keller Williams Realty, Inc.) were named as defendants in a class action complaint alleging a conspiracy to violate federal antitrust laws by, among other things, requiring residential property sellers in Missouri to pay inflated commission fees to buyer brokers (the “NAR Class Action”).

On March 15, 2024, NAR entered a settlement agreement to resolve on a class-wide basis the claims against NAR in the NAR Class Action. In addition to a monetary payment of $418 million, NAR agreed to change certain business practices, including changes to cooperative compensation and buyer agreements, which went into effect on August 17, 2024. Specifically, among other things, the NAR settlement agreement: (1) prohibits NAR and REALTOR® MLSs from requiring that listing brokers or sellers make offers of compensation to buyer brokers or other buyer representatives; (2) prohibits NAR, REALTOR® MLSs and MLS participants from making an offer of compensation on the MLS; and (3) requires all REALTOR® MLS participants to enter into a written buyer agreement specifying compensation before taking a buyer on tour. The NAR settlement received final court approval on November 26, 2024. Class action suits raising similar claims are pending and the outcome of the NAR Class Action may result in additional such actions being filed.

The revised NAR rules and practices, as well as changes resulting from any other lawsuits, could lead to changes in how real estate commissions are communicated, negotiated, calculated, or paid, which may in turn meaningfully impact how homebuyers and sellers engage with real estate professionals in the course of buying and selling a home. Without mandated commission sharing, for example, we may see the introduction of hourly or a la carte services. Home lending rules and norms do not currently allow buyers to include buyer’s agent compensation in the balance of a home loan, which may impair the ability of homebuyers to pay their agent fees when purchasing a home. If such changes have the effect of reducing buyer demand for homes generally, it would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Beyond the NAR Class Action and various similar private actions, beginning in 2018, the DOJ commenced an investigation into NAR for violations of the federal antitrust laws. The DOJ and NAR appeared to reach a resolution in November 2020, resulting in the filing of a Complaint and Proposed Consent Judgment pursuant to which NAR agreed to adopt certain rule changes, such as increased disclosure of commission offers. The DOJ has since sought to continue its investigation of NAR. It is uncertain what effect, if any, the resumption of the DOJ’s investigation will have on the larger real estate industry, including any further settlement or any decisions that may result therefrom to repeal, amend, or not enforce existing rules and regulations. Beyond monetary damages, the various class action suits seek to change real estate industry practices and, along with the DOJ investigation, have prompted NAR, state and local real estate boards or MLSs, and other real estate market participants to discuss and consider changes to long-established rules and regulations. Although changes arising from these lawsuits and investigations are uncertain and challenging to predict, they could result in outcomes that materially impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The properties listed in our platform may be predominantly in regions that are particularly susceptible to natural disasters, which may make us susceptible to the effects of these natural disasters in those areas from adverse climate developments or other causes.

The reAlpha platform is currently available and operating in 20 counties in Florida, which are predominantly geographical areas that may be impacted by adverse events such as hurricanes, floods, or other natural disasters, which could cause the value of real estate properties in such at-risk areas to decline, and which effects could be exacerbated by climate change. For example, rising sea levels may lead to decreases in real estate values in at-risk areas, which, in turn, could affect our financial prospects and ability to generate revenue through the reAlpha platform.

Global climate change may also result in heightened severe weather, thus further impacting these geographical areas. Natural disasters in these areas may cause damage to properties listed on reAlpha beyond the scope of any insurance coverage on such property, thus requiring it to be removed from listing indefinitely until, and if, these properties are repaired, which may result in a loss of potential revenues from the sale of these properties. Any properties located near either coast will be exposed to more severe weather than properties located inland. Elements such as water, wind, hail, fire damage and humidity in these areas can increase or accelerate wear on the properties’ weatherproofing and mechanical, electrical and other systems, and cause mold issues over time. As a result, we may lose revenue opportunities if properties in these areas are affected by severe weather and remove from listing.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

Giri Devanur, our Chief Executive Officer, owns a significant percentage of our common stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval and control the direction of our business.

Giri Devanur, our Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns approximately 59.78% of our common stock as of the date hereof. As long as Mr. Devanur holds this percentage of beneficial ownership, he will be able to significantly influence or effectively control the composition of our board of directors and the approval of actions requiring stockholder approval through its voting power. Accordingly, for such a period of time, Mr. Devanur will have significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies. In particular, for so long as Mr. Devanur continues to hold his shares, he may be able to cause or prevent a change of control of the Company or a change in the composition of our board of directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our Company. Such concentrated control may also make it difficult for our other stockholders to receive a premium for their common stock in the event that we merge with a third party or enter into different transactions that require stockholder approval.

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile, which could lead to a loss of all or part of a stockholder’s investment.

Recently, the stock markets generally have experienced, and will probably continue to experience, price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of the shares of many small-cap companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated to the operating results of such companies and in recent times have been exacerbated by investors’ concerns stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical issues and changes in macroeconomic conditions. Factors that may affect the volatility of our stock price include the following:

In addition, the market price and trading volume of our common stock has, since our listing on Nasdaq, and may continue to exhibit, extreme volatility, including within a single trading day. Such volatility could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses. With respect to these such instances of trading volatility, including on October 23, 2023, we are not aware of any material changes in our financial condition or results of operations that would explain such price volatility or trading volume, which we believe reflect market and trading dynamics unrelated to our operating business or prospects and outside of our control. We are thus unable to predict when such instances of trading volatility will occur or how long such dynamics may last. Under these circumstances, we would caution you against investing in our common stock unless you are prepared to incur the risk of incurring substantial losses.

A proportion of our common stock may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for our common stock, creating further price volatility. In particular, a possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of our common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to sudden extreme price volatility in our common stock. Investors may purchase our common stock to hedge existing exposure in our common stock or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of common stock available for purchase in the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase our common stock for delivery to lenders of our common stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our common stock until investors with short exposure are able to purchase additional common stock to cover their short position. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” Following such a short squeeze, once investors purchase the shares necessary to cover their short position, the price of our common stock may rapidly decline. A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in our shares that are not directly correlated to the performance or prospects of our company and could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses.

We are unable to predict when instances of trading volatility or “short-squeezing” may occur or how long such dynamics may last. Under these circumstances, we would caution you against investing in our common stock unless you are prepared to incur the risk of incurring substantial losses. Further, stockholders may institute securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.

We may not be able to maintain brand recognition and potential investors’ awareness of or familiarity with our business, which may impact our common stock price and liquidity.

Although we have been able to engage with an audience of potential customers and/or investors of seventy six thousand people through different channels – webinars, email distribution, marketing materials, and others –, there is no guarantee that they will remember our existence or have a comprehensive understanding of our business. Brand recognition among our investor community may be limited, particularly with those community members who are not actively engaged with our Company or have not closely followed our progress. As a result, there is a risk that the demand for our shares may be constrained by the lack of widespread brand recognition and investor awareness.

Additionally, we first started our business as a short-term rental start-up that focused on syndications of real estate properties through exempt offerings (the “Syndications”). Since then, we have discontinued such operations and shifted our business focus to developing AI technologies for the real estate technology market. Given this business strategy pivot, we cannot assure investors will still recognize us as the same company they previously were aware of or that this recent business shift will make our common stock more attractive to previous or new investors.

Further, our common stock trading may depend on the market’s perception and understanding of our business, which has recently changed. Investors’ awareness and familiarity with our industry, products, services, and competitive landscape are crucial factors influencing their decision to invest in our company. However, there is a risk that potential investors may have limited knowledge or incomplete understanding of our business model, technology, AI, or market potential. This lack of awareness or familiarity could impact their willingness to invest in our shares, thereby affecting demand.

Our ability to create demand for shares may be influenced by the competitive landscape in which we operate. If our competitors have a more established brand presence, greater market visibility, or a larger investor base, potential investors may be more inclined to invest in their offerings rather than ours. In such a scenario, we may face challenges in attracting investors and generating adequate demand for our shares.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock, or other securities to purchase common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plan or in connection with acquisitions and other transactions we may consummate from time to time, could result in additional dilution  of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall.

We expect that additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, including pursuant to any at-the-market agreements, such sales may result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing stockholders. We cannot predict the size or nature of future sales or issuances of securities or the effect, if any, that such future sales and issuances will have on the market price of the common stock. Sales or issuances of substantial numbers of common stock or other securities that are convertible or exchangeable into common stock, or the perception that such sales or issuances could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of the common stock.

We are also continuing to consider additional potential acquisitions in connection with our growth strategy, and these acquisitions could involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock or other equity securities. For example, we acquired AiChat, Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, and in connection with these acquisitions we agreed to issue shares of common stock as part of the consideration thereof, and additional shares of common stock may be issued as earn-out payments based on the financial results of such acquired companies (see “Recent Developments – Acquisition of AiChat Pte, Ltd.,” “Recent Developments – Acquisition of Debt Does Deals, LLC (d/b/a Be My Neighbor)” and “Recent Developments – Acquisition of GTG Financial, Inc.” for more information on the earn-out payments and terms of these completed acquisitions). Further, as part of the consideration for the GTG Financial acquisition, we issued $281,850 (the “GTG Consideration”) of Series A Preferred Stock (as defined below), or 14,063 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, and, in connection with our transaction with Mercurius Media Capital LP (“MMC”), we also issued $5,000,000 (the “MMC Consideration,” and together with the GTG Consideration, the “Preferred Consideration”) of Series A Preferred Stock, or 250,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, with a right for MMC, or its affiliates, to purchase an additional 250,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock on the same terms (see “Recent Developments – Acquisition of GTG Financial, Inc.” and “Recent Developments – Advertising Agreement and Investment Agreement with Mercurius Media Capital LP” for more information). To the extent that, upon an Automatic Conversion (as defined below) of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued in connection with these transactions, the aggregate value of the shares issued upon such Automatic Conversion, based on the volume-weighted average price or closing price of our common stock, as applicable, is less than the Preferred Consideration, as applicable, then we will pay for such difference in value in cash or shares of common stock, at our sole discretion. As a result, in connection with such transactions, we may issue a significant number of shares of our common stock at the time the shares of Series A Preferred Stock are automatically converted, in accordance with the terms thereof, which could cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

Additionally, pursuant to the 2022 Plan, we are authorized to grant stock awards to our employees, directors and consultants. In addition, our compensation committee, in accordance with the terms of our STIP, may grant or provide for the grant of restricted stock units to our executive officers and other participating employees or consultants. To the extent we seek, and our stockholders approve, future increases to the number of shares underlying our 2022 Plan, or we grant inducement awards in accordance with Nasdaq rules, our stockholders may experience additional dilution, which could cause our stock price to fall.

We can issue and have issued shares of preferred stock, which may adversely affect the rights of holders of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with designations, rights and preferences determined from time-to-time by our board of directors. Accordingly, our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights superior to those of holders of our common stock. For example, an issuance of shares of preferred stock could:

We have in the past issued, and we may at any time in the future issue, shares of preferred stock. In connection with the acquisition of GTG Financial and our transaction with MMC, we issued 14,063 and 250,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, respectively. Subject to and in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation, each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of our common stock at the election of the holder during the initial 3 year-period following the issuance of such share of Series A Preferred Stock, and each share is automatically convertible at the end of such 3-year period following the issuance thereof, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock also has voting rights to vote on any matter presented to our stockholders on an as-converted basis and it ranks senior to our common stock as to distributions and payments upon our liquidation, dissolution and winding up. Further, our outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock accrue dividends in an amount equal to 3% per annum on its Stated Value (as defined below), which will be payable in additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock or cash, to the extent there are any funds legally available therefor.

We may choose not to pay the accrued dividends of our Series A Preferred Stock in cash, may not have sufficient available cash to pay the dividends as they accrue or may be prohibited contractually, or pursuant to applicable law, from paying such dividends in cash. The payment of the dividends could reduce our available cash on hand, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cause the value of our stock to decline in value. Additionally, the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, including those that may be issued as payment for dividend accrued thereunder, could cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

Because we are a “controlled company” as defined in the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules, you may not have protection of certain corporate governance requirements which otherwise are required by Nasdaq’s rules.

Under Nasdaq’s rules, a controlled company is a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company. We are a controlled company because Mr. Giri Devanur, our chief executive officer and chairman, holds more than 50% of our voting power. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we are not required to comply with the following permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from the obligation to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:

We have not taken advantage of these exemptions. As a result, to the extent that we take advantage of these exemptions, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. Although we do not currently intend to take advantage of the controlled company exemptions, we cannot assure you that, in the future, we will not seek to take advantage of these exemptions.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock and could make it more difficult to raise capital in the future.

Nasdaq has listing requirements for inclusion of securities for trading on the Nasdaq, including minimum levels of stockholders’ equity, market value of publicly held shares, number of public stockholders and stock price. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in maintaining our listing on the Nasdaq as it is possible that we may fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum stock price requirement. If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements, the Nasdaq may take steps to delist our common stock. Such a delisting, or the announcement of such delisting, will have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we may attempt to take actions to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum listing requirements or prevent future non-compliance with the Nasdaq listing requirements. If we do not maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq, it could make it harder for us to raise additional capital in the long-term. If we are unable to raise capital when needed in the future, we may have to cease or reduce operations. 

Because we do not expect to pay dividends for holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future, investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase shares of common stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including but not limited to our financial condition, operating results, cash needs, growth plans and the terms of any credit agreements that we may be a party to at the time. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

We are subject to additional regulatory burdens resulting from being listed on Nasdaq.

As a publicly traded company, we have and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure for public companies, including the Dodd-Frank Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, regulations related thereto and the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, have increased, and may continue to increase, the costs and the time that must be devoted to compliance matters. We expect these rules and regulations may continue to increase our legal and financial costs and lead to a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our certificate of incorporation (as amended from time to time, the “certificate of incorporation”) provides that, with certain limited exceptions, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for:

This provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint.

For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering. However, these choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees. Further, these choice of forum provisions may increase the costs for a stockholder to bring such a claim and may discourage them from doing so.

While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that the exclusive forum provisions of federal district courts of the United States of America for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Our board of directors may change significant corporate policies without stockholder approval.

Our investment, financing, borrowing and dividend policies and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, debt, capitalization and operations, will be determined by our board of directors. These policies may be amended or revised at any time and from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors without a vote of our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors may change our policies with respect to conflicts of interest provided that such changes are consistent with applicable legal requirements.

The rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.

Our certificate of incorporation provides for indemnification of our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized or permitted under Delaware law, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended.

Our bylaws obligates us to indemnify each of our directors or officers who is or is threatened to be made a party to or witness in a proceeding by reason of his or her service in those or certain other capacities, to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law, from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her status as a present or former director or officer of us or serving in such other capacities. In addition, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers, which provide that we may be obligated to reimburse the expenses reasonably incurred by our present and former directors and officers in connection with such proceedings. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights to recover money damages from our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent these provisions in our bylaws or that might exist with other companies, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions that are not in our best interests.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company and intend to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, which could make the common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. We will remain an EGC until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common stock pursuant to this registration statement; (iii) the date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period; or (iv) the date it qualifies as a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter after it has been a reporting company in the United States for at least 12 months. For so long as we remain an EGC, it is permitted to and intends to rely upon exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not EGCs. These exemptions include not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”).

We may take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions available to EGCs. We cannot predict whether investors will find the common stock less attractive if it relies on these exemptions. If some investors find the common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the common stock and the price of the common stock may be more volatile.

We are also a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act (“SRC”). As an SRC, our Company intends to utilize certain reduced disclosure requirements, including publishing two years of audited financial statements instead of three years, as required for companies that do not qualify as an SRC. Our Company will remain an SRC until the last day of the fiscal year in which it had (i) a public float that exceeded $250 million or (ii) annual revenues of more than $100 million and a public float that exceeded $700 million. To the extent our Company takes advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may make comparison of its financial statements to those of other public companies difficult or impossible.

After our Company ceases to be an SRC, it is expected to incur additional management time and cost to comply with the more stringent reporting requirements applicable to companies that are accelerated filers or large accelerated filers, including complying with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of SOX. 

Risks Related to Our Cryptocurrency Investment Policy and Treasury Strategy

Our cryptocurrency investment policy exposes us to various risks associated with cryptocurrencies.

Our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy exposes us to various risks associated with cryptocurrencies, including the following:

Cryptocurrencies are a highly volatile asset. Bitcoin, one of the most recognized cryptocurrencies, is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $40,000 per bitcoin and above $108,000 in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, and ethereum has traded below $2,100 per ethereum and above $4,000 per ethereum during such period. The trading price of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and ethereum significantly decreased during prior periods, and such declines may occur again in the future. Notwithstanding this volatility, we do not currently intend to hedge our cryptocurrency holdings and have not adopted a hedging strategy with respect to cryptocurrencies. However, we may from time to time engage in hedging strategies as part of our treasury management operations if deemed appropriate.

Cryptocurrencies do not pay interest or dividends. Cryptocurrencies generally do not pay interest or other returns and we can only generate cash from our future cryptocurrency holdings if we sell such cryptocurrencies or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our cryptocurrency holdings. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our cryptocurrency holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks.

Our cryptocurrency holdings may significantly impact our financial results and the market price of our common stock. Our cryptocurrency holdings may significantly affect our financial results and if we proceed with the purchase of additional cryptocurrencies in the future, they will have an even greater impact on our financial results and the market price of our common stock.

Our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. We will need to continually examine the risks and rewards of this new cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy. This new strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. For example, although we believe bitcoin, due to its limited supply, has the potential to serve as a hedge against inflation in the long term, the short-term price of bitcoin declined in recent periods during which the inflation rate increased. Some investors and other market participants may disagree with our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy or actions we undertake to implement it. If cryptocurrency prices were to decrease or our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy otherwise proves unsuccessful, our financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our common stock could be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to counterparty risks, including in particular risks relating to our custodians. Although we plan to implement various measures that will be designed to mitigate our counterparty risks, including by potentially storing all, or substantially all, of the cryptocurrencies we may own in custody accounts at U.S.-based, institutional-grade custodians and negotiating contractual arrangements intended to establish that our property interest in custodially-held cryptocurrencies will not be subject to claims of our custodians’ creditors, applicable insolvency law is not fully developed with respect to the holding of digital assets in custodial accounts. If custodially-held cryptocurrencies are nevertheless considered to be the property of the custodians’ estates in the event that any such custodians were to enter bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceedings, we could be treated as a general unsecured creditor of such custodians, inhibiting our ability to exercise ownership rights with respect to such cryptocurrencies and this may ultimately result in the loss of the value related to some or all of such cryptocurrencies. Even if we are able to prevent any cryptocurrencies we acquire from being considered the property of a custodian’s bankruptcy estate as part of an insolvency proceeding, it is possible that we would still be delayed or may otherwise experience difficulty in accessing our cryptocurrencies held by the affected custodian during the pendency of the insolvency proceedings. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the market price of our common stock.

The broader digital assets industry is subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of cryptocurrencies. A series of recent high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry, including the filings for bankruptcy protection by Three Arrows Capital, Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, FTX Trading and Genesis Global Capital, the closure or liquidation of certain financial institutions that provided lending and other services to the digital assets industry, including Signature Bank and Silvergate Bank, Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc. and Binance Holdings Ltd., the placement of Prime Trust, LLC into receivership following a cease-and-desist order issued by Nevada’s Department of Business and Industry, and the filing and subsequent settlement of a civil fraud lawsuit by the New York Attorney General against Genesis Global Capital, its parent company Digital Currency Group, Inc., and former partner Gemini Trust Company, have highlighted the counterparty risks applicable to owning and transacting in digital assets. These bankruptcies, closures, liquidations and other events have, in the short-term, likely negatively impacted the adoption rate and use of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Additional bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions or other events involving participants in the digital assets industry in the future may further negatively impact the adoption rate, price, and use of cryptocurrencies or create or expose additional counterparty risks.

Changes in our ownership of cryptocurrencies could have accounting, regulatory and other impacts. While we expect to own cryptocurrencies directly, we may investigate other potential approaches to owning cryptocurrencies, including indirect ownership (for example, through ownership interests in a fund that owns cryptocurrencies). If we were to own all or a portion of our cryptocurrencies in a different manner, the accounting treatment for our cryptocurrencies and the regulatory requirements to which we are subject, may correspondingly change. For example, the volatile nature of cryptocurrencies may force us to liquidate our holdings to use it as collateral, which could be negatively affected by any disruptions in the crypto market, and if liquidated, the value of the collateral would not reflect potential gains in market value of such cryptocurrencies, all of which could negatively affect our business and implementation of our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy.

Changes in the accounting treatment of our cryptocurrency holdings could have significant accounting impacts, including increasing the volatility of our results. Cryptocurrencies are currently accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, which means, to the extent we acquire any cryptocurrency, we will recognize decreases in the value of such cryptocurrencies we hold as impairments, but will not recognize any increases in their value until we have sold them. This accounting treatment may adversely affect our operating results in periods where we have recognized an impairment. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-08, or ASU 2023-08, which, upon our adoption, will require us to measure in-scope crypto assets (including any cryptocurrency holdings we may have at the time) at fair value in our statement of financial position, and to recognize gains and losses from changes in the fair value of our cryptocurrencies in net income each reporting period. ASU 2023-08 will also require us to provide certain interim and annual disclosures with respect to our cryptocurrency holdings. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. Due in particular to the volatility in the price of cryptocurrencies, we expect that the adoption of ASU 2023-08, to the extent we hold any cryptocurrency at such time, will have a material impact on our financial results in future periods, increase the volatility of our financial results, and affect the carrying value of our cryptocurrencies on our balance sheet, and could have adverse tax consequences, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and the market price of our common stock.

The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of, and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the future that are not possible to predict.

We intend to acquire cryptocurrencies on an ongoing basis, which may subject us to exchange risk and additional tax, legal, and regulatory requirements.

We intend to acquire cryptocurrencies in an amount not to exceed 25% of our cash and cash equivalents, if any, in excess of our estimated operating expenses for the 6-month period from the date of the proposed purchase, which estimated operating expenses include our allocation for acquisition expenses and estimated future current liabilities for such 6-month period, and to hold such cryptocurrencies we purchase as our primary treasury reserve assets until such time we deem it appropriate, subject to market conditions and our operating needs.

The prices of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and ethereum have been and may continue to be highly volatile, and our ability to sell cryptocurrencies for fiat currencies or other cryptocurrencies may be subject to unanticipated suspensions in trading, as well as exchange rate risk. While we have not yet acquired any cryptocurrencies, our investment policy allows us to make investments in cryptocurrencies for treasury purposes, which cryptocurrencies will be limited to bitcoin, ethereum solana and any other cryptocurrency that the SEC, Commodities Futures Trading Commission, or high-ranking members of the staff of such regulatory bodies may, through public statements or guidance, identify as likely not being a security. Such determinations, however, are risk-based judgments made by us, and while such judgments are informed by regulatory developments, any such determination does not constitute a legal standard or determination binding on any regulatory body.

Cryptocurrencies have no physical form and rely on blockchain and other technologies for their creation, existence, and transactional validation on their respective blockchains. This reliance subjects cryptocurrencies, cryptocurrency exchanges, and other blockchain intermediaries to unique risks related to cybersecurity, malicious attack, and technological obsolescence. While we believe we have taken reasonable measures to secure any cryptocurrencies we may acquire, these risks, in addition to human errors and computer malfunctions, may result in the loss or destruction of private keys needed to access the cryptocurrencies we hold and blockchain technology we control. In which case, we may lose part or all of the cryptocurrencies we hold and blockchain technology we control, and our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

While we believe cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have significant potential, the popularity and prevalence of cryptocurrencies is a relatively recent trend, and whether cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology will continue to be adopted by consumers and businesses in the long term is uncertain. There has been increased focus on the use of cryptocurrencies for improper, illegal, or fraudulent activities associated with various cryptocurrency projects, and the environmental risks posed by cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Many cryptocurrencies are distributed without an identifiable centralized issuer or governing body, and their legal and regulatory status in various jurisdictions is unclear and may change in the future. New legislation and regulations, law enforcement and regulatory interventions, and judicial decisions may adversely affect cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and future adoption of both by consumers and businesses. Developments of this nature may also adversely affect the value of cryptocurrencies we hold, blockchain technology we control, and our ability to buy, sell, accept, and use cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology in the future.

Regulatory change reclassifying cryptocurrencies as a security could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and could adversely affect the market price of cryptocurrencies and the market price of our common stock.

Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if (1) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (2) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, and are not registered as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act as of the date hereof.

While the SEC stated that its view is that bitcoin and ethereum are not a “security” for purposes of the federal securities laws, the SEC has not provided an official position regarding other cryptocurrencies. Therefore, to the extent we hold any cryptocurrencies, a contrary determination by the SEC regarding bitcoin and ethereum, or the SEC’s determination that cryptocurrencies such as solana are “securities” for purposes of federal securities laws, could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act, if the portion of our assets consisting of investments in cryptocurrencies exceed 40% safe harbor limits prescribed in the 1940 Act, which would subject us to significant additional regulatory controls under the 1940 Act that could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and may also require us to change the manner in which we conduct our business.

We monitor our assets and income for compliance under the 1940 Act and seek to conduct our business activities in a manner such that we do not fall within its definitions of “investment company” or that we qualify under one of the exemptions or exclusions provided by the 1940 Act and corresponding SEC regulations. If cryptocurrencies are determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, and to the extent we acquire any cryptocurrencies, we would take steps to reduce the percentage of cryptocurrency that constitute investment assets under the 1940 Act. These steps may include, among others, selling cryptocurrencies that we might otherwise hold for the long term and deploying our cash in non-investment assets, and we may be forced to sell our cryptocurrencies at unattractive prices. We may also seek to acquire additional non-investment assets to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, and we may need to incur debt, issue additional equity or enter into other financing arrangements that are not otherwise attractive to our business. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, we can make no assurance that we would successfully be able to take the necessary steps to avoid being deemed to be an investment company in accordance with the safe harbor. If we were unsuccessful, and if cryptocurrencies are determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, then we would have to register as an investment company, and the additional regulatory restrictions imposed by 1940 Act could adversely affect the market price of cryptocurrencies and in turn adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Our principal office is located at 6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100, Dublin OH 43017, with a satellite office in New Jersey and Bengaluru, India. At our principal office in Dublin, Ohio, we pay approximately $1,600 per month to use a co-working business center on a 12-month licensing basis. For our satellite office in New Jersey, located at 525 Washington Blvd 300, Jersey City, NJ 07310, we pay approximately $4,600 per month to use a co-working business center on a 16-month licensing basis. Our satellite office in India is located at No 7, 3rd Floor, MKP Road, Padmanabhanagar, Bengaluru 560070, India and we pay approximately $570 per month towards a lease that expires on August, 31, 2026. We believe these locations are suitable and adequate for our current levels of operations and anticipated growth. 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

India Proceeding Involving Giri Devanur

In 2006, Mr. Devanur became the CEO of an India-based company named Gandhi City Research Park, Private Limited (“Gandhi City Research Park”). Gandhi City Research Park was liquidated as a result of the Lehman Brothers collapse in 2009. In 2010, an investor in Gandhi City Research Park filed a fraud complaint with the Cubbon Park Police Station in Bengaluru, India, against, among others, Mr. Devanur. In 2014, the Cubbon Park Police dismissed all claims. Subsequently, in 2015 the investor appealed the Cubbon Park Police’s decision before the Lower Court. In November 2018, the Lower Court issued a criminal summons against, among others, Mr. Devanur. Mr. Devanur petitioned the High Court to quash the summons. By order dated March 27, 2023, the High Court granted Mr. Devanur’s petition and ordered the Lower Court to reconsider the investor’s appeal. On August 3, 2023, the Lower Court decided to uphold the Cubbon Park Police’s decision and close the criminal case against Mr. Devanur. On December 4, 2023, Mr. Devanur received a petition to challenge the Lower Court’s order to uphold the Cubbon Park Police’s decision and close Mr. Devanur’s criminal case. We intend to vigorously contest this petition.

Malpractice Lawsuit

On July 13, 2023, the Company filed a complaint in Franklin County, Ohio, against Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney, PC (“Buchanan”), Rajiv Khanna (“Khanna”) and Brian S. North (“North,” together with Buchanan and Khanna, the “Buchanan Legal Counsel”). The complaint alleges that the Buchanan Legal Counsel failed to provide proper and timely legal advice during the Company’s Tier 2 Regulation A offering, resulting in late Blue Sky notice filings with all required states prior to the Company offering and selling securities in those states. As a result, the Company was subject to a number of inquiries, investigations, and subpoenas by the various states, incurring significant legal fees and fines, lost opportunity due to pausing its Regulation A campaign, in addition to the loss of a $20 million institutional investment. The Company is seeking the forfeit of all legal fees associated with this matter, the award of legal fees to bring this matter to action, and further legal and equitable relief as the Court deems just and proper. In response to the counterclaims filed by the Buchanan Legal Counsel on August 16, 2023, the Company has denied the allegations made therein, asserting that they lack merit and are either insufficiently supported or entirely untrue. The Company contends that any damages claimed by the defendants arise from their own negligence and failure to meet their contractual obligations. At this time, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration, or outcome of the lawsuit.

GEM Lawsuit

On November 1, 2024, we filed a lawsuit against GYBL in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”), claiming that GYBL operated as an unregistered broker-dealer under the Exchange Act. We are seeking to void the GEM Warrants, or alternatively, a declaratory judgment determining that the GEM Warrants’ terms govern the exercise price adjustment calculation rather than the related GEM Agreement’s terms. On January 17, 2025, GYBL moved to dismiss our complaint, and, on March 14, 2025, the Court granted GYBL’s motion to dismiss our complaint relating to the lawsuit against GYBL. We are currently evaluating the Court’s decision and all legal rights available to us, including, but not limited to, appealing the Court’s decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. There is no assurance that any such appeal would be successful.

Following the Court’s dismissal of our complaint, on March 19, 2025, GYBL commenced a separate action against us in the Court (the “GYBL Action”). The GYBL Action concerns the GEM Warrants, and it asserts two causes of action against us: (1) breach of the terms of the GEM Warrants, and (2) declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. In addition to the declaratory relief, GYBL is seeking monetary damages in an amount to be determined at trial, specific performance of the GEM Warrants and attorneys’ fees and litigation costs. We intend to vigorously defend against GYBL’s claims and litigate our legal rights to the fullest extent.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. 

Market Information for Common Stock

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIRE” since October 23, 2023. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock.

Holders of Record

As of March 24, 2025, we had 3,140 holders of record of our common stock, which number does not include an indeterminate number of holders whose shares of common stock are held by brokers in street name, and 2 holders of record of our Series A Preferred Stock.

Our transfer agent for our securities is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

There have been no sales of unregistered securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2024, and from the period from January 1, 2025 to the filing date of this report which have not previously been disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

See “Item 11. Executive Compensation,” for information about our equity compensation plan and related compensation program.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future is dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, the terms of any indebtedness and general financial condition. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the board at such time. In addition, the board of directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future.

Holders of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, whether or not declared by our board of directors, dividends at the rate of 3% per annum on a stated value of $20 per share, which will be payable, in the sole discretion of the board of directors, in cash out of funds legally available for the payment of such dividends or additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock. See “Recent Developments – Designation of Series A Preferred Stock” for more information.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We had no share repurchase activity for the three months ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis here and throughout this report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including but not limited to, the risks described in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Overview

We are a real estate technology company developing an end-to-end commission-free homebuying platform, which we have named reAlpha. Our goal is to offer through our AI-powered platform a more affordable, streamlined experience for those on the journey to homeownership. The reAlpha platform integrates AI-driven tools to offer, among others, tailored property recommendations, an intuitive visual interface, mortgage brokering, digital title and escrow services within the platform. Our tagline: “No fees. Just keys. TM” reflects our mission to eliminate traditional barriers to home ownership and make it more accessible and transparent.

The reAlpha platform assists homebuyers with tasks such as mortgage pre-approval, booking tours, sending offer letters and completing property acquisitions. The reAlpha platform also provides market insights, detailed property data, and uses large language models to answer queries and facilitate the homebuying process via a user-friendly, 24/7 web platform and iOS application. The reAlpha platform’s capabilities are complemented and supported by licensed real estate agents with reAlpha Realty, LLC, our in-house brokerage firm, on a no-obligation and commission-free basis. Although the reAlpha platform is currently only available for homebuyers in 20 counties in Florida, we intend to expand its capabilities nationwide by the end of 2026 depending on numerous factors, including, among other things, our ability to acquire and maintain real estate and mortgage licenses in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, obtain additional MLS data, create and run successful marketing campaigns nationwide to gain brand recognition and increase our geographical reach and build a scalable technology infrastructure. 

Our Business Model and AI Technologies

We are continuously working to commercialize, enhance and refine our AI technologies and the reAlpha platform to continue generating technology-derived revenue. Further, as part of our growth strategy, we intend to continue identifying and acquiring companies that are complementary to our business, and we intend to generate revenue from integrating such acquired companies and their capabilities into our business and our reAlpha platform. To advance such strategy, during 2024 we announced the acquisitions of Naamche, AiChat, Hyperfast and Be My Neighbor, and, since the beginning of 2025, GTG Financial. These acquisitions have added revenue, additional potential sources of revenue, technology services under our umbrella of product offerings, and, as further described below, additional operational and service-related capabilities to the reAlpha platform.

For instance, as a result of the acquisition of Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, our in-house mortgage brokerage that operates through the reAlpha platform is now licensed to operate, in 30 U.S. states. Additionally, because of our acquisition of Hyperfast, we now can offer title, closing and settlement services in 3 U.S. states. As a result of these acquisitions, consumers using the reAlpha platform have access to these services directly in the platform, both through the web platform and iOS application. We expect to continue seeking additional strategic acquisitions that we believe will add additional sources of potential revenue and services to homebuyers using the reAlpha platform, including, but not limited to, home-showing companies, wholesale mortgage lenders, companies providing services for post-closing services (such as utility hookups, among others) and real estate brokerages. Additionally, although we have already acquired two mortgage brokerage firms and a title company, we may consider further acquisitions of companies providing such services to increase the number of U.S. states we are licensed to operate in and the potential revenue opportunities associated with expanding our geographical markets and reach of the reAlpha platform.

Before shifting our focus towards the development of our AI technologies and the reAlpha platform, our operational model was asset-heavy and built on utilizing our proprietary AI-powered technology tools for the acquisition of real estate, converting them into short-term rentals, and enabling individual investors to acquire fractional interests in these real estate properties, allowing such investors to receive distributions based on the property’s performance as a short-term rental. In the first quarter of 2024, we decided to halt these operations due to macroeconomic conditions, such as higher interest rates, inflation, and elevated property prices, which conditions persisted throughout the fiscal year 2024. This led us to sell our last real property asset for such operations, and to recognize the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets under the rental business segment. As a result, in the first quarter of 2025, our board of directors approved to discontinue our short-term rental business operations entirely. The discontinuation of our rental business segment operations meets the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations (see “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” for more information).

Business Segment

The technology services segment is currently our only reportable segment following the approval by our board of directors to discontinue our rental business segment operations (see “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” and “Note 17 – Segment Reporting” for more information). Our technology services segment offers and develops AI-based products and services to customers in various industries, including, but not limited to, real estate, retail, hospitality and education industries. Our technology development efforts are currently focused on the development and enhancement of the reAlpha platform.

Technology Services

We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors primarily through the integration of AI into our technologies for the real estate industry. We expect that our technology services segment will benefit from the current growth of the AI industry, and we believe that we are well-positioned to take advantage of these current trends due to our early adoption of AI for the development of our technologies.

Our revenue model revolves around our mortgage services, title services and related homebuying services through the reAlpha platform, which is currently under limited availability, and services offered by our subsidiaries, such as AiChat, Naamche, Be My Neighbor, Hyperfast and GTG Financial. In order to expand the availability of the reAlpha platform, and services provided thereunder, nationwide, we will need to obtain the relevant real estate and mortgage licenses in the U.S. states we are not yet licensed in, and, until we obtain such licenses, the reAlpha platform will remain under limited availability for homebuyers in 20 counties in Florida. While the reAlpha platform is under limited availability, we will continue offering standalone mortgage brokerage services through our subsidiaries, Be My Neighbor and GTG Financial, in 30 U.S. States and digital title and escrow services through our subsidiary, Hyperfast, in 3 U.S. states. We also plan to continue acquiring companies in the real estate market that provide services relating to the homebuying process, including, but not limited to, mortgage brokerage firms, title and escrow service providers, home insurance providers and others that are complementary to our business, which we expect to generate revenues by offering such services through the reAlpha platform, or as standalone offerings to customers. We expect that our reAlpha platform will drive additional customers to these acquired companies through users interacting and buying homes on the reAlpha platform, which will expand their overall potential customer base.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of AiChat Pte. Ltd.

On July 12, 2024, we entered into a Business Acquisition and Financing Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) with AiChat, a company incorporated in the Republic of Singapore, AiChat10X Pte. Ltd., a Singaporean company (the “AiChat Seller”), and Kester Poh Kah Yong (the “Founder”). Under the Acquisition Agreement, we acquired 85% of the outstanding ordinary shares of AiChat, an AI-driven company specializing in conversational customer experience solutions, from the AiChat Seller. The remaining 15% of AiChat’s shares will be acquired on June 30, 2025 (the “Acquisition”).

In exchange for all of the ordinary shares of AiChat outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Acquisition Agreement, and pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Acquisition Agreement, we agreed to pay the AiChat Seller an aggregate purchase price of $1,140,000, consisting of: (i) $312,000 in restricted shares of our common stock, based on a 10% discount to the 10 day volume weighted average price (the “VWAP Share Price”) of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) and issuable to the AiChat Seller no later than January 1, 2025 (the “First Tranche Shares”); (ii) $588,000 in restricted shares of our common stock, based on a 10% discount to the VWAP Share Price, subject to any Base Case Adjustment (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement), issuable to the AiChat Seller no later than April 1, 2025 (the “Second Tranche Shares”); and (iii) $240,000 in restricted shares of our common stock, calculated at a 5% discount to the VWAP Share Price, issuable to the AiChat Seller no later than December 1, 2025 (the “Third Tranche Shares,” and together with the First Tranche Shares and the Second Tranche Shares, the “Tranche Shares”). In addition, we agreed to subscribe for and purchase from AiChat: (i) 55,710 ordinary shares of AiChat as of the Acquisition’s closing date, for a subscription price of $60,000; and (ii) 222,841 ordinary shares of AiChat in accordance with a disbursement scheduled to be determined and agreed to by us, AiChat and the Founder, for a total subscription price of $240,000.

Streeterville Capital, LLC Note Purchase Agreement and Secured Promissory Note

On August 14, 2024, we entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Lender”) pursuant to which we issued and sold to the Lender a secured promissory note in the original principal amount of $5,455,000 (the “Note”). The Note carries an original issue discount of $435,000 and we agreed to pay $20,000 to the Lender to cover its legal fees, accounting costs, due diligence, monitoring and other transaction costs, each of which were deducted from the proceeds of the Note received by us resulting in a purchase price received by us of $5,000,000. Interest under the Note accrues at a rate of 8% per annum, and the unpaid amount of the Note, and any interest, fees, charges and late fees are due 18 months following the date of issuance. The Note and Purchase Agreement include certain material terms, including the Lender’s ability to redeem a portion of the Note from time to time beginning seven months after issuance, events of default and penalties associated therewith, restrictive covenants on our ability to issue securities, subject to exceptions set forth therein, a “most favored nation” provision, among others. In connection with the Note and Purchase Agreement, we, Rhove, and subsequently Be My Neighbor, also entered into security agreements and intellectual security agreements in favor of the Lender, and our U.S. subsidiaries entered into a guaranty in favor of the Lender. In connection with the issuance of the Note, we also paid Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”), as the lead placement agent of the sale of the Note and any additional notes, a cash fee equal to 3.75% of the gross proceeds received by us for the Note and any additional notes and to reimburse Maxim for its reasonable accountable expenses, including legal fees, up to an aggregate amount of $10,000. In addition, if within nine months of a closing of a sale of the Note or any additional notes, we complete any financing of equity or equity-linked capital-raising activity with, or receive proceeds from, any of the investors that were introduced to us by Maxim in connection with the Placement, then we will pay Maxim a cash fee of 3.75% of the proceeds received from such financing.

Acquisition of Debt Does Deals, LLC (d/b/a Be My Neighbor)

On September 8, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “BMN Acquisition Agreement”) with Be My Neighbor, a Texas limited liability company, along with Christopher Bradley Griffith and Isabel Williams (collectively, the “BMN Sellers” and individually, a “BMN Seller”). Under this agreement, we acquired 100% of the outstanding membership interests in Be My Neighbor, a mortgage brokerage firm (the “BMN Acquisition”).

In exchange for all of the membership interests of Be My Neighbor outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the BMN Acquisition Agreement, and pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the BMN Acquisition Agreement, we agreed to pay the BMN Sellers an aggregate purchase price of up to $6,000,000, subject to the adjustments described below to each of the Earn-Out Payments (as defined below) provided in the BMN Acquisition Agreement, consisting of: (i) $1,500,000 in cash paid on the Closing Date, with each BMN Seller receiving a cash amount in proportion to each of their membership interest percentage in Be My Neighbor; (ii) $1,500,000 in restricted shares of our common stock, or 1,146,837 shares of restricted common stock at a price of $1.31 per share, calculated based on the volume weighted average price of the common stock as reported on Nasdaq for the seven consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the Closing Date, to be issued within 90 days from the Closing Date and with each BMN Seller receiving an amount of shares of common stock in proportion to each of their membership interest percentage in Be My Neighbor (the “Buyer Shares”); and (iii) up to an aggregate of $3,000,000 in potential earn-out payments, payable in three tranches of up to $500,000, $1,000,000 and $1,500,000, respectively, in cash or restricted shares of common stock, at our sole discretion, each of which is calculated based on a formula set forth in the BMN Acquisition Agreement and subject to the achievement of certain financial metrics by Be My Neighbor for three successive measurement periods of 12 months, with the first measurement period ending 12 months after the Closing Date (collectively, the “Earn-Out Payments,” and each, an “Earn-Out Payment”). Specifically, each Earn-Out Payment will be payable in full if Be My Neighbor achieves certain revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) thresholds for each of the measurement periods, each of which is payable within 120 days of the end of a measurement period. If Be My Neighbor does not meet the revenue and EBITDA threshold in a measurement period, a pro-rated amount of the Earn-Out Payment for such measurement period will be paid to Be My Neighbor based on the actual revenue and EBITDA achieved and in accordance with the formula set forth in the BMN Acquisition Agreement. Further, if Be My Neighbor exceeds such revenue and EBITDA thresholds during any measurement period, the Earn-Out Payment for such measurement period will not be capped and will be increased accordingly based on the formula set forth in the BMN Acquisition Agreement.

The Buyer Shares and any Earn-Out Payment shares (collectively, the “Shares”) will be restricted for 180 days from issuance, during which time the BMN Sellers cannot sell, assign, or transfer them. To comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a), the total Shares issued cannot exceed 19.99% of our outstanding common stock (the “Cap Amount”) immediately before the BMN Acquisition, or 8,880,383 shares. If the Shares exceed this Cap Amount, we will compensate the BMN Sellers in cash for the excess, according to a formula in the BMN Acquisition Agreement.

Cryptocurrency Investment Policy

On December 19, 2024, our board of directors approved a cryptocurrency investment policy and the adoption of certain cryptocurrencies as our primary treasury reserve assets. In accordance with our cryptocurrency investment policy, we intend to acquire cryptocurrencies in an amount not to exceed 25% of our cash and cash equivalents, if any, in excess of our estimated operating expenses for the 6-month period from the date of the proposed purchase, which estimated operating expenses include our allocation for acquisition expenses and estimated future current liabilities for such 6-month period, and to hold such cryptocurrencies we purchase as our primary treasury reserve assets until such time we deem it appropriate, subject to market conditions and our operating needs.

ATM Program

On December 19, 2024, we entered into an At the Market Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (“A.G.P.”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell from time to time through A.G.P., acting as sales agent, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $14,275,000 (the “Placement Shares”). The Placement Shares will be issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283284) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 15, 2024, and declared effective on November 26, 2024. 

On January 31, 2025, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Sales Agreement, to reduce the floor price from $5.00 to $3.90 per Placement Share. Then, on February 27, 2025, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Sales Agreement to, among other things, reduce the floor price from $3.90 to $0.01 per Placement Share.

On March 24, 2025, we provided notice to A.G.P. of our election to terminate the Sales Agreement, which termination was effective on March 29, 2025 in accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement. Through March 24, 2025, the Company had sold an aggregate of 160,879 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement, resulting in gross proceeds of $231,236.

Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On February 20, 2025, the Company filed the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, designating 1,000,000 shares of the 5,000,000 shares of the authorized but unissued class of the Company’s stock known as preferred stock as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).

The Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $20 per share (the “Stated Value”), and a conversion price per share of $20 per share, subject to adjustments provided in the Certificate of Designation (the “Conversion Price”). The holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible at the Conversion Price as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on any matter presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of meeting). Further, commencing on the issuance date of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, each such share of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and not converted into Common Stock will accrue dividends on a daily basis at a per annum rate of 3.0% of the Stated Value, which dividends will be payable no later than 60 calendar days after the end of each Dividend Period (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Designation (the “Preferred Dividends”). If any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are converted in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Designation on a Conversion Date (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) during the period after the last day of a Dividend Period and prior to the close of business on the corresponding Dividend Record Date (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) for such Dividend Period, and the Company has not paid the entire amount of the Preferred Dividends payable for such corresponding Dividend Period, then the amount of Preferred Dividends with respect to such shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be added to the Liquidation Amount (as defined below) for purposes of such conversion, which Liquidation Amount is the amount, as of any date and with respect to any share of Series A Preferred Stock, equal to the sum of (x) the Stated Value and (y) accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, on such share of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Liquidation Amount”). If any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are instead converted in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Designation on a Conversion Date during the period after the close of business on any Dividend Record Date and prior to the close of business on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), then the amount of Preferred Dividends with respect to such shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Residual Payments”), at the Company’s option, will either (x) be paid in cash on or prior to the date of such conversion or (y) if not paid in cash, be added to the Liquidation Amount for purposes of such conversion.

The Series A Preferred Stock ranks: (i) senior to all of the Common Stock, (ii) senior to any class or series of capital stock of the Company hereafter created specifically ranking by its terms junior to any Series A Preferred Stock (“Junior Securities”), (iii) on parity with any class or series of capital stock of the Company hereafter created specifically ranking by its terms on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock (“Parity Securities”) and (iv) junior to any class or series of capital stock of the Company hereafter created specifically ranking by its terms senior to any Series A Preferred Stock (“Senior Securities”), in each case, as to distributions of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.

In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to, subject to the superior rights of the holders of any Senior Securities, (i) receive, in preference to any distributions of any of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Company to the holders of the Common Stock and Junior Securities and pari passu with any distribution to the holders of Parity Securities, (a) any Residual Payments and (b) the Liquidation Amount with respect to such shares of Series A Preferred Stock, in each case, before any payments shall be made or any assets distributed to holders of any class of Common Stock or Junior Securities; and (ii) participate pari passu with the holders of Common Stock (on an as-converted to Common Stock basis and disregarding for such purpose any Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined in the Certificate of Designation)) in the remaining distribution of the net assets of the Company available for distribution.

The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time during the period beginning on the date of issuance of such Series A Preferred Stock and ending on the date that is 3 years following the respective issuance date thereof (the “Conversion Period”) into a number of Conversion Shares (as defined below) equal to the Liquidation Amount of such share of Series A Preferred Stock divided by the Conversion Price, subject to any Beneficial Ownership Limitation. On the business day after the expiration of the Conversion Period of a Series A Preferred Stock, each such share of Series A Preferred Stock will automatically convert into a number of Conversion Shares equal to the Liquidation Amount of such shares of Series A Preferred Stock divided by the Conversion Price, subject to any Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

Acquisition of GTG Financial, Inc.

On February 20, 2025, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “GTG Purchase Agreement”) with GTG Financial and Glenn Groves, an individual (the “Seller”), pursuant to which the Company acquired from the Seller 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of GTG (the “Acquired Shares”), a mortgage brokerage company, the closing of which transaction (the “Closing” and the date of the Closing, the “GTG Closing Date”) took place simultaneously with the execution of the GTG Purchase Agreement.

Pursuant to and subject to the terms and conditions of the GTG Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to the Seller an aggregate purchase price of up to $4,200,000 for the Acquired Shares, subject to the adjustments described below, consisting of: (i) $281,250 (the “Preferred Consideration”) in 14,063 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (as defined below) (the “Preferred Shares”), each of which is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $20 per share of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Conversion Shares”), in accordance with the terms and conditions of and subject to the adjustments set forth in the Certificate of Designation; (ii) $1,287,000 in 700,055 restricted shares of Common Stock (the “Company Shares”), at a price per share of $1.84 calculated based on the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “VWAP”) for the 7 calendar days immediately prior to the GTG Closing Date and payable to the Seller within 90 days from the GTG Closing Date; (iii) $1,344,750 payable in cash (the “Cash Portion”) to the Seller as follows: (A) 30% of the Cash Portion payable on the 120-day anniversary of the GTG Closing Date, (B) 30% of the Cash Portion payable on the 150-day anniversary of the GTG Closing Date and (C) 40% of the Cash Portion payable on the 180-day anniversary of the GTG Closing Date; and (iv) up to an aggregate of $1,287,000 in potential earn-out payments, payable in three tranches of up to $429,000 in cash or restricted shares of Common Stock (the “Earn-Out Shares”), at the Company’s sole discretion and subject to the adjustments described below, each of which is calculated based on a formula set forth in the GTG Purchase Agreement and subject to the achievement of certain financial metrics by GTG for three successive measurement periods of 12 months, with the first measurement period ending 12 months following the 1st of the month after the GTG Closing Date (collectively, the “GTG Earn-Out Payments,” and each, an “GTG Earn-Out Payment”). Specifically, each GTG Earn-Out Payment will be payable in full if GTG achieves certain revenue and EBITDA thresholds for each of the measurement periods, each of which is payable within 120 days after the end of a measurement period. If GTG does not meet the revenue and EBITDA threshold for a measurement period, a pro-rated amount of the GTG Earn-Out Payment for such measurement period will be paid to GTG based on the actual revenue and EBITDA achieved in accordance with the formula set forth in the GTG Purchase Agreement. Further, if GTG exceeds the revenue and EBITDA thresholds for any measurement period, the GTG Earn-Out Payment for such measurement period will not be capped and will be increased accordingly based on the formula set forth in the GTG Purchase Agreement.

Additionally, the GTG Purchase Agreement provides that, to the extent that, upon an Automatic Conversion (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), the aggregate value for the Conversion Shares on the Automatic Conversion Date (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) is less than the Preferred Consideration, as determined based on the VWAP of such Conversion Shares on the Automatic Conversion Date, then the Company will pay for such difference in value in cash or in shares of Common Stock (the “Shortfall Shares,” and together with the Conversion Shares, Company Shares and Earn-Out Shares, the “GTG Shares”), at the Company’s sole discretion, payable or issuable to the holder, as applicable, no later than 30 calendar days after the Automatic Conversion Date. Further, to the extent that the Company does not pay the Cash Portion in full by the date that is 180 days of the GTG Closing Date, then, beginning on the 181st day following the GTG Closing Date, the outstanding amount of the Cash Portion will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to 4% and the Seller will have the right, at the Seller’s sole discretion and to the extent permitted by law, to rescind the transactions contemplated under the GTG Purchase Agreement, in which case the Seller will return any and all consideration paid by the Company in exchange for all the Acquired Shares, and the Company will return the Acquired Shares to the Seller, in each case in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of the GTG Purchase Agreement. The Cash Portion outstanding at any time will also become due and payable no later than 60 days after the Company’s consummation of a bona fide transaction or series of transactions with the principal purpose of raising capital in the minimum amount of $10,000,000, whether through loans provided to the Company or through the sale of the Company’s equity securities.

The aggregate amount of GTG Shares issuable under the GTG Purchase Agreement, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, may in no case exceed the Cap Amount immediately prior to the execution of the GTG Purchase Agreement, or 9,206,230 shares, without stockholder approval of any shares exceeding such amount. In the event the GTG Shares issuable pursuant to the GTG Purchase Agreement exceed the Cap Amount, the Company will pay the Seller cash in lieu of such excess shares of Common Stock, based on a formula set forth in the GTG Purchase Agreement.

Advertising Agreement and Investment Agreement with Mercurius Media Capital LP

On March 7, 2025, we simultaneously entered into an Advertising Agreement (the “Advertising Agreement”) and an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement,” and together with the Advertising Agreement, the “Transaction Documents”) with Mercurius Media Capital LP (“MMC”). In accordance with the Transaction Documents, the Company agreed to issue and sell to MMC 250,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5,000,000 (the “Consideration”). The Consideration was paid to the Company in the form of a Credit (as defined in the Advertising Agreement) issued by MMC to the Company at the closing Date in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Advertising Agreement.

Under the Advertising Agreement, the Company will have until December 31, 2025, or, if extended pursuant to the terms of the Advertising Agreement at the request of the Company (the “Extension Period”), March 31, 2026 (such term, as extended pursuant to the terms of the Advertising Agreement, the “Credit Term”), to utilize its Credit with MMC to purchase advertisements in the Media (as defined in the Advertising Agreement) related to the Company’s products, services, brands and business, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Advertising Agreement. Any unused portion of the Credit at the expiration of the Credit Term will be forfeited by the Company, subject to the compliance of MMC with the terms and obligations set forth in the Advertising Agreement. To the extent the original Credit Term is extended in accordance with the terms of the Advertising Agreement, the Company will only be able to utilize a maximum of $1,000,000 of the remaining Credit during such Extension Period. In order to purchase advertisements in the Media, the Company will be required to submit Media Credit Orders (as defined in the Advertising Agreement) to MMC, and, upon receipt of those Media Credit Orders by MMC, the Credit relating to those will be deemed used, provided that all advertisements relating to such Media Credit Order run on the Media in accordance therewith no later than 90 days after the last date specified in the applicable Media Credit Order, and, to the extent the advertisements do not run in the applicable Media, such Credit shall be re-added to the Company’s overall Credit to be used during the Credit Term. Each of MMC and the Company may terminate the Advertising Agreement at any time in the event of a Material Breach (as defined in the Advertising Agreement) by the Company or MMC, provided that such Material Breach, if capable of cure or remedy, has not been cured or remedied by such defaulting party within 60 days of the receipt of written notice of such Material Breach by the defaulting party.

Additionally, the Investment Agreement further provides that, to the extent that the aggregate value of the Conversion Shares issued upon the Automatic Conversion is less than the Consideration, as determined based on the closing price of our common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the applicable Automatic Conversion Date, then the Company shall pay for such difference in cash or in shares of Common Stock (the “MMC Shortfall Shares,” and together with the Conversion Shares, the “MMC Shares”), at the Company’s sole discretion, no later than 30 calendar days after the Automatic Conversion Date, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Investment Agreement. The Investment Agreement further provides that at any time during the 2-month period beginning on the closing Date, MMC will have the right, but not the obligation, to reinvest up to an additional $5,000,000 in the aggregate in the Company on the same terms and conditions as those set forth in the Transaction Documents.

The aggregate amount of MMC Shares issuable under the Investment Agreement, for purposes of complying with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, may in no case exceed the Cap Amount immediately prior to the execution of the Investment Agreement, or 9,228,411 shares, without stockholder approval of any MMC Shares exceeding such amount. In the event the MMC Shares issuable pursuant to the Investment Agreement exceed the Cap Amount, the Company will pay MMC cash in lieu of such excess MMC Shares, based on a formula set forth in the Investment Agreement.

Mutual Settlement and Release Agreement with Unreal Estate Inc.

On November 29, 2024: (i) we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MIPA”), with Unreal Estate LLC (the “Unreal”), USRealty Brokerage Solutions, LLC (“US Realty”) and Unreal Estate Inc. (“Unreal Estate”), pursuant to which, on November 20, 2024 we acquired from the Unreal 100% of the membership interests of US Realty that were outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the MIPA; (ii) we entered into a Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”), with Unreal and Unreal Estate, pursuant to which we agreed to purchase an aggregate amount of $600,000 of convertible promissory notes from Unreal Estate in a series of six installments; and (iii) Unreal Estate issued and sold to us, pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $60,000 (the “Note,” and together with the Purchase Agreement and the Letter Agreement, the “Agreements”).

On March 19, 2025, we entered into a Mutual Settlement and Release Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”), with Unreal Estate, to resolve certain claims and disputes between us and Unreal Estate related to their respective obligations under the Agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, we agreed to pay Unreal Estate a total sum of $80,000 in cash within one business day following Unreal Estate’s execution and delivery of the Settlement Agreement, and the parties agreed that we will retain full ownership of and control over the membership interests of US Realty that we had acquired pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

The Settlement Agreement also includes a mutual release of claims whereby each of the Company and Unreal Estate agreed (on behalf of themselves and their respective affiliates, successors and assigns) to release the other party of any known and unknown claims arising out of or related to the Agreements and other specified agreements entered into in connection therewith, subject to certain exceptions only with respect to the release of claims given by us.

Pursuant to and as a result of the Settlement Agreement, the Note was cancelled and the parties confirmed the termination of the Letter Agreement.

Streeterville Capital, LLC Exchange Agreement

On March 20, 2025, the Company and the Lender (as defined above), the holder of that certain outstanding Note (the “Original Note”), entered into an exchange agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and the Lender agreed to (i) partition a new secured promissory note in the form of the Original Note (the “Partitioned Note”) in the original principal amount of $20,000 (the “Exchange Amount”) and then cause the outstanding balance of the Original Note to be reduced by the Exchange Amount; and (ii) exchange the Partitioned Note for the delivery of 15,873 shares (the “Exchange Shares”) of our common stock at an effective price per Exchange Share equal to $1.26, which is the Minimum Price as defined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d).

Recent Legal Challenges to Sales Agents’ Commission Structure

Recent developments in the real estate industry have seen increased scrutiny and legal challenges related to the structure of real estate agent commissions. Legal actions and regulatory inquiries have been initiated to examine the fairness, transparency, and potential anticompetitive practices associated with the traditional commission model. Courts and regulatory bodies may be increasingly focused on ensuring transparency in commission structures, potentially leading to reforms that impact the earnings and business models of real estate professionals. Changes in legislation or legal precedents could impact the standard practices of commission-sharing between listing agents and buyer’s agents and may adversely affect our business model and revenues. On October 31, 2023, a federal jury in Missouri found that the NAR and certain companies conspired to artificially inflate brokerage commissions, which violates federal antitrust law. The judgment was appealed on October 31, 2023, while these and other plaintiffs have filed similar lawsuits against a number of other large real estate brokerage companies.

On or about March 15, 2024, NAR agreed to settle these lawsuits, by agreeing to pay $418 million over approximately four years, and changing certain of its rules surrounding agent commissions. This settlement resolves claims against NAR and nearly every NAR member; all state, territorial and local REALTOR® associations; all association-owned MLSs; and all brokerages with an NAR member as principal whose residential transaction volume in 2022 was $2 billion or below and is subject to court approval. Due to this litigation, and effective as of August 17, 2024, NAR has implemented a new rule that prohibits offers of compensation on MLS listings and requires written agreements between buyers and buyer’s agents.

Early indications suggest that these changes are already prompting shifts in industry practices as a result of the NAR lawsuit. For instance, discussions are underway regarding potential changes to rules established by local or state real estate boards or multiple listing services. These changes may necessitate adjustments in brokers’ business models, including alterations in agent and broker compensation structures, as well as requiring buyers to sign separate agreements to compensate their agents. We believe that we are well-positioned to take advantage of some of these potential industry changes. Given that the reAlpha platform offers zero-commission when purchasing a property, we believe that homebuyers that have access to the reAlpha platform will choose our platform over seeking agents to conduct their property search and acquisition to avoid paying additional buyer’s agents fees through these separate agreements. Additionally, we expect that our competitors will need to develop mechanisms and plans to enable buyers to negotiate commissions, which may add another layer of complexity into real estate transactions. We believe that the reAlpha platform will remove such layer by offering all these services – including negotiations of fees through our AI negotiation helper – in one platform, while providing buyers with zero-commission fees on all homes purchased through the reAlpha platform.

The NAR litigation and its ramifications, however, remain uncertain and could cause unforeseen turmoil in our industry, the impacts of which could have a negative effect on us as an industry participant. 

Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations. These policies and estimates require the application of significant judgment by management. These estimates can be materially affected by changes from period to period as economic factors and conditions outside of our control change. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. See “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies. 

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgment and potentially could result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management believes the following critical accounting policies are affected by our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue and related cost of goods sold in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). A significant portion of our revenues are derived from products and services offered by AiChat, Be My Neighbor and Naamche.

reAlpha Tech Corp. (“reAlpha”) recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), when control of services is transferred to the customer. On a standalone basis, reAlpha generates revenue by providing monthly support services to Turnit related to the myAlphie platform. Revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed and the customer benefits from them.

AiChat, a company specializing in AI conversational customer experience solutions, adheres to the revenue recognition standards outlined in ASC 606. The license fee for platform access and consulting services are recognized as distinct performance obligations, reflecting their ability to provide value independently within our customer contracts. For the “right to access” license fee, revenue is recognized over the duration of the subscription period, as control and benefits are provided continuously to the customer. Consulting services are recognized based on the nature of the engagement. Revenue for one-time services, such as project setups, is recognized at the point in time of delivery. For ongoing consulting services, revenue is recognized over time, reflecting the continuous benefit transferred to the customer throughout the service period. This approach ensures that revenue recognition accurately matches the ongoing provision of access and the timing of consulting services, as per the guidelines of ASC 606.

Be My Neighbor, a mortgage brokerage company, complies with ASC 606 by recognizing revenue at the point of loan closing. This moment marks the transfer of control of the loan to the borrower, capturing the completion of Be My Neighbor’s primary service—successfully securing a loan. All services, including loan origination, application processing, and credit assessment, contribute to this culminating event. Revenue is therefore recognized only when the loan closes, ensuring that the exact revenue amount is determinable based on the loan amount and agreed commission, accurately reflecting the completion of all related performance obligations.

Naamche, a company that provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications,adheres to ASC 606 for revenue recognition, primarily from its service-based contracts. This approach involves detailed identification of contracts with customers, determination of distinct performance obligations within these contracts, and accurate allocation of transaction prices to these obligations. Revenue is recognized as Naamche satisfies each performance obligation, typically over time, reflecting the ongoing delivery and customer consumption of its tech-driven services.

Goodwill Impairment Testing

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, as of December 31, or more frequently when events occur and circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

Accounting requirements provide that a reporting entity may perform an optional qualitative assessment on an annual basis to determine whether events occurred or circumstances changed that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. If an initial qualitative assessment identifies that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or the optional qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative analysis is performed. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to the reporting unit’s carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. However, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill recorded on the reporting unit.

Discontinued Operations

A business is classified as discontinued when it meets the criteria in ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations (“ASC 205”). Assets and liabilities of discontinued operations are presented separately in our consolidated balance sheets, and results are reported as a separate component of “consolidated net loss” in the consolidated statements of loss, for all periods presented.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). The purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is measured in accordance with the guidance of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”), using discounted cash flows and other applicable valuation techniques. To assist the Company in making these fair value determinations, the Company may engage third-party valuation specialists or internal specialists who generally assist the Company in the fair value determination of identifiable assets such as customer relationships, Trade Marks and any other significant asset or liabilities. Any acquisition related costs incurred by the Company are expensed as incurred. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill if the definition of a business is met. Operating results of an acquired business are included in our results of operations from the date of acquisition.

For software acquired in a business combination, capitalization occurs when its fair value is determined using the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method, as per ASC 820. This fair value assessment involves significant inputs and assumptions, including projected cash flows, expected growth rates, discount rates, and other relevant market data. The Company exercises careful judgment in selecting these inputs, based on historical performance, market conditions, and the specific technological characteristics of the software, to ensure that the valuation accurately reflects its economic potential.

Capitalization of Software Development Costs

The Company adheres to ASC 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, Internal-Use Software (“ASC 350-40”), for the capitalization of software development costs. Under these standards, costs incurred during the application development stage—including coding, testing, and the development of software functionalities—are eligible for capitalization if they relate to significant improvements that substantially enhance the software’s functionality or extend its service capacity. These costs include direct labor, third-party services, and other expenses directly attributable to the software’s development. Conversely, expenditures for minor enhancements and routine software maintenance are expensed as incurred, consistent with specific U.S. GAAP requirements.

Amortization of capitalized software development costs begins when the software is ready for its intended use and placed in service. These costs are amortized over the software’s estimated useful life, which is assessed by considering factors such as the expected future benefits to us and the rate of technological change.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosures about the nature of expenses included in the income statement, such as purchases of inventory, employee compensation and depreciation. ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, including jurisdictional information, by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures from the adoption of this guidance.

Reclassification Presentation

Certain amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations for the periods presented in this report.

Change in Fiscal Year

On December 12, 2023, our board of directors approved the change of our fiscal year end from April 30 to December 31 of each year. In connection with this change, we previously filed a transition report on Form 10-KT to report the results of the eight-month transition period from May 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 (which we sometimes refer to as the “eight-month transition period ended December 31, 2023”). The periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in this report are the year ended December 31, 2024, the eight-month transition period ended December 31, 2023 and the year ended April 30, 2023. For comparison purposes, we have also included unaudited comparative data for the year ended December 31, 2023, and for the eight-months ended December 31, 2022.

Results of Operations

The discussion of our results of operations below provides a comparison of (1) the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, to the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and (2) the eight-months ended December 31, 2023 to the eight-month period ended December 31, 2022. All information for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, and the eight-month period ended December 31, 2022, is unaudited.

For comparison of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our transition report on Form 10-KT for the eight-month transition period ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2024.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024, compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) 

Revenues. Revenues were $948,420 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $691,984, or 270%, from the comparable 2023 period, which increase was primarily driven by revenue generated by our recently acquired companies in the technology services segment, which have been fully integrated in our business and operations. Our revenues currently consist of the revenues generated in our technology services segment that we receive directly from, or from services related to, our technologies and acquired companies. The acquisition of AiChat, our AI conversational platform, and Be My Neighbor, our mortgage brokerage, generated $140,328 and $604,128, respectively, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. These revenues were mainly comprised of the revenue generated from AiChat’s conversational AI technology to enterprise clients, and the mortgage brokerage services from Be My Neighbor. We expect to continue seeking acquisitions to continue growing our revenues. There was no revenue recorded in our rental business segment during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $83,268 for the comparable 2023 period, which decrease was due to the sale of all properties we previously held for the rental business segment’s operations as a result of discontinuing such operations. As of the date hereof, these operations have been fully shut down and we will not generate any revenues in such segment in the future (see “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” for additional information on our discontinued operations).

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues were $302,084 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $152,566, or 102%, from the comparable 2023 period. Cost of revenue primarily includes direct expenses associated with delivering our loan brokerage services and technology solutions, such as compensation-related expenses for roles supporting loan origination and customer interactions, along with other direct costs incurred in connection with services provided by AiChat. This increase is mainly due to the costs incurred by AiChat and Be My Neighbor in their ordinary course of business and operations, which amounted to $101,490 and $127,597, respectively.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses were $7,548,950 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $26,772, or 0.4%, from the comparable 2023 period. This increase is mainly due to increased salary expenses associated with our acquisitions. Marketing and advertising expenses decreased to $793,004, compared to $299,447 in the comparable 2023 period, $194,197 of which was for advertising the reAlpha platform.

Other (expense) income. Other expenses were $834,360 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $5,787,660, or 117%, from the comparable 2023 period. This decrease was primarily due to the one-time gain on the sale of the myAlphie platform, which contributed to other income in the 2023 period. Additionally, we incurred an amortization of a $500,000 commitment fee related to our equity facility with GEM and stock compensation expenses of $207,453.

Loss from discontinued operations. Loss from discontinued operations was $18,339,635 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $316,904 for the comparable 2023 period. This increase is mainly attributable to the goodwill impairment of Rhove (see “Note 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets” and “Note 16 – Discontinued Operations” for more information) during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Net loss from continuing operations. Net loss from continuing operations was $7,682,714 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $2,145,055 for the comparable 2023 period. The increase in net loss was primarily due to a one-time gain of $5,502,774 from the sale of myAlphie, a technology platform we previously developed and sold, that was recognized in the comparable 2023 period, which was not present in 2024.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“GAAP”), we believe “Adjusted EBITDA,” a “non-GAAP financial measure,” as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC, is useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measures may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, this non-GAAP financial measures is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, have limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate a similarly titled non-GAAP measure differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measure as a tool for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for our non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measure and the reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

We use Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, to evaluate our operating performance and facilitate comparisons across periods and with peer companies. We reconcile our Adjusted EBITDA to our net income (loss) adjusted to exclude interest expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, and other non-cash, non-operating, or non-recurring items that we believe are not indicative of our core business operations. We believe this measure provides useful insight into our ongoing performance; however, it should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, net income or other financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented below:

Eight-Months Ended December 31, 2023, compared to Eight-Months Ended December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)

Revenues. Revenue for the eight months ended December 31, 2023 was $121,690, compared to $284,666 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. Our revenues consist of both the short-term rental revenue that we receive from our listed properties and platform services income that we receive directly from, or services related to, our technologies. This decrease in revenues is mainly attributed to lower rental income segment due to the disposal of properties during the eight months ended December 31, 2023, and lower platform services segment revenue compared to the eight months ended December 31, 2022 as a result of the sale of myAlphie.

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues was $94,665 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $219,916 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. Cost of revenues consists of payments for property management fees of listed properties, payments to vendors for work completed through myAlphie, associated payment processing fees to Stripe, which is a payment platform. The decrease in cost of revenues is mainly attributed due to the sale of myAlphie, since we no longer incur any direct costs related to operating the myAlphie platform.

Marketing and Advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses were $193,612 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,897,067 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in expenses is mainly attributable to no longer incurring marketing and advertising expenses related to our Regulation A campaign, which closed on January 19, 2023.

Professional and Legal Fees. Professional and legal fees were $4,619,480 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $997,029 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly attributed to general legal advisory and professional services incurred in connection with our direct listing on Nasdaq, which primarily consists of 304,529 shares of our common stock issued for services at an aggregate fair market value of approximately $3,050,000.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $289,067 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $98,256 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly attributed to the inclusion of intangible asset amortization in the depreciation and amortization expenses for the eight months ended December 31, 2023.

Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses were $419,137 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $265,790 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly attributed to an increase in directors’ and officers’ insurance expenses, and an increase in commission and title expenses occurred in connection with the sale of properties during the eight months ended December 31, 2023.

Other Income. Other income was $89,860 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $48,322 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly attributed to the gain on sale of certain properties sold during the eight months ended December 31, 2023.

Gain on Sale of myAlphie. Gain on sale of myAlphie was $5,502,774 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $0 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is attributed to the sale of the myAlphie platform on May 17, 2023. This reported gain due to the sale of myAlphie may not reflect our current business and may be abnormally high for this period.

Other Expenses. Other expenses were $230,866 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $33,710 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly due to the amortization expenses of the commitment fee paid in connection with the credit facility we have in place with GEM and a legal settlement expense. This legal settlement expense of $125,000 was paid on February 20, 2024 pursuant to a settlement agreement between us and Valentina Isakina (see “Legal Proceedings” above for more details), and this expense was recorded as a one-time operating expense charge in fiscal year 2023 as a recognized subsequent event

Net Loss. Net loss was $1,046,973 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a net loss of $4,241,555 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease in net loss is mainly attributable to the sale of myAlphie. This decrease in net loss may not accurately represent our current business operations and may be unusually elevated for this period due to the sale of myAlphie. 

Analysis of Segment Results:

The following is an analysis of our results by reportable segment for the eight-months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the eight-months ended December 31, 2022. For further information regarding our reportable business segments, please refer to our consolidated financial statements and “Note 17 – Segment Reporting” and other related notes included elsewhere in this report.

Platform Services

Revenues. Revenues for the platform services segment was $99,028 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $204,151 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease in revenue is attributable to the sale of myAlphie. We have not generated other platform services revenue since the sale of myAlphie, except for providing technical support services to Turnit during the transition period after the sale of myAlphie.

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues for the platform services segment was $93,380 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $203,013 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease in cost of revenues is mainly attributed to the sale of myAlphie. After the sale, we no longer incur any payments to vendors or Stripe previously associated with myAlphie’s platform. The cost of revenues now consists only of costs incurred in connection with the technical support services provided to Turnit.

Segment earnings. Segment earnings was $5,648 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,138 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This increase in segment earnings is mainly due to an increase in support services provided to Turnit and a decrease in payments to vendors and Stripe.

Rental Business

Revenues. Revenues for the rental business segment was $22,662 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $80,515 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease is mostly attributable to a decrease in the number of properties listed compared to the eight months ended December 31, 2022, as we are in the process of selling the properties we held for this segment’s operations as a result of putting these operations on hold.

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues for the rental business segment was $1,285 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $16,903 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This difference is attributed to the decrease in the number of properties listed, which decreased the associated costs of maintaining those properties.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses of the rental business segment was $2,598,124 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4,209,500 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease is mainly attributed to the decrease in professional and legal fees and marketing and advertising expenses for this segment.

Segment earnings. Segment loss was $2,576,747 for the eight months ended December 31, 2023, compared to a segment loss of $4,145,888 for the eight months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease is mainly attributable to reduction in expenses for professional and legal fees and marketing and advertising expenses for this segment.

The following table provides a concise overview of properties that have been sold during the eight months ended December 31, 2023. The table below includes the reasons they are no longer listed, the dates of their acquisition, and the dates when they ceased contributing to revenues:

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, we believe “Adjusted EBITDA,” a “non-GAAP financial measure”, as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC, is useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, Adjusted EBITDA is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

We reconcile our non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA to our net income, adjusted to exclude interest expense, provision for (benefit from) income taxes, depreciation and amortization, non-recurring acquisition-related compensation expenses, non-recurring direct listing expenses, unrealized gain or loss on foreign exchange, non-recurring legal reserves and related costs and non-recurring gains. For the eight-months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we did not have any restructuring expenses and non-recurring acquisition-related compensation expenses.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations, including working capital needs, debt services, acquisitions, contractual obligations and other commitments. Our liquidity and capital resources are critical to our ability to execute our business plan and achieve our strategic objectives. The cost of capital and historically high-interest rates can also have a direct impact on our ability to raise capital through debt or equity offerings or to pursue acquisitions. Economic environments yielding higher interest rates with more stringent debt terms such as today’s market environment require larger equity commitments. This means that, as larger equity commitments are required, we will have less leverage and may have fewer acquisitions overall. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional funds on acceptable terms, if at all. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend on various factors, including market conditions, investor demand, and our financial performance.

We had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $3.1 million as of December 31, 2024, and approximately $6.4 million as of December 31, 2023. Based on our estimates, we believe we do not have sufficient working capital to meet our financial needs for the 12-month period following December 31, 2024. Further, based on our current operating plans, to the extent the Lender (as defined above) does not redeem any portions of the Note (as further described below) and we do not consummate any offerings of our securities for the purpose of raising capital, we estimate that our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2025. Accordingly, to the extent that collections from our operations in the technology services segment cannot fund our operations, we intend to utilize equity or debt offerings to raise additional funds, although volatility in the capital markets may negatively affect our ability to do so. As part of these efforts, we have utilized our At the Market (“ATM”) program with A.G.P. to raise working capital, and as of the date of this report, we raised approximately $231,235 in gross proceeds through such ATM program prior to its termination (see “Recent Developments – ATM Program” and “Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” for more information). Additionally, we are contemplating to raise capital through offerings of our securities during the year ending December 31, 2025, and we expect that, to the extent such offerings are consummated, we will not need additional capital for a period beyond the 12-month period following the consummation of such offerings. While we anticipate continued operating losses in the near future, we remain confident in our strategy to continue investing in the commercialization of our products and technologies and acquisition of complementary businesses and our ability to continue operations.

We may also receive proceeds from the cash exercises of the warrants in connection with our public offering from November 2023 (the “Follow-On Warrants”), which currently have an exercise price of $1.44 per share. We believe the likelihood that any Follow-On Warrant holders will exercise their warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our common stock. We believe that if the trading price for our common stock is less than $1.44 per share, it is unlikely that the holders of the Follow-On Warrants will exercise them. Further, due to the ongoing disputes with GYBL regarding the GEM Warrants, including our claims that the GEM Warrants are void and subject to rescission under Section 29(b) of the Exchange Act, there is uncertainty about the enforceability of the GEM Warrants and its terms. On January 17, 2025, GYBL moved to dismiss our complaint relating to this dispute, and, on March 14, 2025, such motion to dismiss our complaint relating to our complaint was granted. Further, on March 19, 2025, GYBL filed a lawsuit against us, which is asserting two causes of action against us: (1) breach of the terms of the GEM Warrants, and (2) declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. In addition to the declaratory relief, GYBL is seeking monetary damages in an amount to be determined at trial, specific performance of the GEM Warrants and attorneys’ fees and litigation costs. As of the date of this report, there has been no adjustment to the exercise price of the GEM Warrants in connection with the dismissal of our complaint, and our position regarding the GEM Warrants, including the exercise price and subsequent adjustments thereof, remains the same pending resolution of these disputes with GEM. As a result, we do not expect that the GEM Warrants will be exercised while these disputes are pending, however, if these disputes are not resolved through negotiations and these lawsuits are adversely determined against us, we may be required to adjust the GEM Warrants’ exercise price downward significantly, and we may incur penalties under the GEM Agreement and/or other litigation expenses related to these disputes, which could materially adversely impact our financial statements, cash flows and results of operations.

Our business model requires significant capital expenditures to build and maintain the infrastructure and technology required to support our operations. In addition, we may incur additional costs associated with research and development of new products and services, expansion into new markets or geographies, and general corporate overhead. As a result, we may require additional financing in the future to fund these initiatives, which may include additional equity or debt financing or strategic partnerships. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when required, we may be forced to reduce the scope of our operations, delay the launch of new products or services, or take other actions that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may also be required to seek additional financing on terms that are unfavorable to us, which could result in the dilution of our stockholders’ ownership interests or the imposition of burdensome terms and restrictions.

Contractual Commitments and Obligations

On August 14, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Lender (each as defined above) to issue and sell a secured promissory note worth $5,455,000 (see “Recent Developments – Streeterville Capital, LLC Note Purchase Agreement and Secured Promissory Note” for further information). As of December 31, 2024, we have incurred $435,000 original issue discount expenses related to the Note. Further, in accordance with the Note and related Purchase Agreement, the Lender may redeem up to $545,000 of the Note per month at any time, subject to premiums, which amount will be due and payable in cash within three trading days of our receipt of a redemption notice from the Lender.

The redemption feature of the Note may require us to make redemption payments at the request of the Lender, and those redemptions may have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of operations and ability to pay our debts as they come due, and we may not have the required funds to pay such redemptions, which could result in an event of default under the Note. The Note and related Purchase Agreement also contain restrictive covenants on our ability to issue securities, which may further impact our ability to raise capital to meet our redemption payments or other obligations and expenses as they are due.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $(6,042,238), compared to $(5,116,748) for the same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to higher operating expenses, including salaries of $2,634,138 and professional and legal fees of $1,845,041, most of which were acquisition-related costs.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $(1,554,400), compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $893,717 for the same period in 2023. This change in cash flows from investing activities is mainly attributable to cash paid to acquisitions of $1,282,197 and capitalization of software development costs during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $4,263,798, compared to $7,689,619 for the same period in 2023. This mainly consists of the issuance of the Note. In contrast, during the comparable period in 2023, proceeds from our public offering and Regulation A offering contributed to financing activities, which were not present in 2024.

 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to apply this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for public entities. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to other public companies that do not elect the extended transition period.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Please see the financial statements beginning on page F-1 located in this report and incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our current Chief Executive Officer and then-Interim Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our current Chief Executive Officer and then-Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our current Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal accounting and financial officer) are responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (“2013 Framework”). Based on this assessment, our management, with the participation of our current Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our then-Interim Chief Financial Officer (and then-principal accounting and financial officer), concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Executive Officers and Directors

The following table provides information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date hereof.

Executive Officers

Giri Devanur is the founder of the Company and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors since inception in April 2021. Mr. Devanur was appointed Chairman of the board of directors in April 2023 and he also served as our President from inception until February 2024. Mr. Devanur is a business entrepreneur and an experienced chief executive officer who has been involved in capital planning and investor presentations as an executive officer for various companies. He has more than 25 years of experience in the information technology industry. Prior to founding the Company, Mr. Devanur co-founded Taazu, Inc. in March 2018, an artificial-intelligence business travel assistant company, which was subsequently sold in March 2021, and in December 2019, Mr. Devanur also co-founded GenDeep, Inc., an investment analysis company, which was eventually dissolved in October 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Mr. Devanur was a member of the board of directors of Coffee Day Enterprises Ltd., a public company listed on the National Stock Exchange of India, from December 2020 until October 2024, and has been a member of the board of directors of Saara, Inc., an AI-based e-commerce solutions company, since October 2019. Mr. Devanur has a master’s degree in Technology Management from Columbia University and a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering from the University of Mysore, India. He has attended Executive Education programs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Law School. The board of directors believes that Mr. Devanur’s decades-long experience in the information technology industry and in positions of leadership in other companies will enable him to bring a wealth of strategic and business acumen to the board of directors.

Michael J. Logozzo has served as our Chief Operating Officer and President since February 2024. Mr. Logozzo also served our Chief Financial Officer until February 2024. Prior to his role at the Company, Mr. Logozzo was managing director for the Americas of L Marks, covering the U.S., Canada, and Latin America from May 2019 to March 2021. Prior to his employment with L Marks, he worked at BMW financial services (a $32 billion portfolio with 1.2 million customers) from 2001 to 2019 in multiple roles, including IT manager starting in February 2001, then process and quality manager, strategy manager, special project manager and general manager of financial services and operations in the Americas from May 2011 to April 2019. During his 18-year tenure, Mr. Logozzo was responsible for finance operations, innovation, and best practices integration at the automotive company’s Americas Regional Services Center in Columbus, Ohio and the headquarters in Munich, Germany. Mr. Logozzo holds a Management Information Systems Bachelor of Science (B.S.) from Youngstown State University, and a Business Administration, Management and Operations Masters of Business Administration (MBA) from Franklin University.

Piyush Phadke has served as our Chief Financial Officer since January 30, 2025. Mr. Phadke brings over 20 years of leadership and finance experience. Before joining the Company, Mr. Phadke served as Managing Director at BTIG, LLC, a global financial services firm, from January 2021 to September 2023, and as Director from May 2017 to January 2021, where he was part of the debt capital advisory group and executed multiple capital raise transactions across different products including term loans, high-yield bonds and mezzanine financings. Prior to his position at BTIG, LLC, Mr. Phadke served as Senior Vice President of the financial sponsors group at Jefferies LLC, an investment bank, from January 2016 until July 2016, and as Vice President of such group from July 2014 until January 2016, where he led and structured the underwriting and syndication of leveraged loans and high-yield bonds to support leveraged buyouts. Prior to Jefferies LLC, Mr. Phadke held positions at Bank of America from July 2008 until June 2014, where he executed leveraged buyouts, refinancings, dividend recapitalizations, equity offerings and merger and acquisitions for private equity firms and their portfolio companies. Mr. Phadke received a Master of Business Administration in Corporate Finance and Financial Analysis from The Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and a B.A. in Economics from Tufts University.

Non-Employee Directors

Brian Cole has been a member of our board of directors since April 2021. Mr. Cole has also acted as the managing director of Baird’s Technology and Services Investment Banking Group since March 2010. In that role, Mr. Cole leads merger and acquisition and capital raising transactions, advising premier tech-enabled outsourcing companies. Prior to joining Baird’s Technology Services Investment Banking Group, Mr. Cole was a manager in PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Transaction Services practice where he led mergers and acquisitions advisory and financial due diligence engagements for private equity and corporate clients including leveraged buyouts, mergers, carve-out divestitures, take-privates, and joint ventures. Brian received his M.B.A. from Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business and a Bachelor’s of Science (B.S.) in business from the same institution with honors. The board of directors believes that Mr. Cole’s substantial experience in the financial services and investment banking industries will enable him to bring strategic insights to the board of directors.

Monaz Karkaria has been a member of our board of directors since January 2022. Ms. Karkaria also served as our Chief Operating Officer from inception until January 2022. Ms. Karkaria has been investing in rental properties since 1999 and has been a part of over 100 real estate transactions. Ms. Karkaria is the owner and founder of Ben Zen Investments LLC and Ben Zen Properties LLC since 2013. Ms. Karkaria was also a social director at ZANT, a non-profit organization from 2015 to 2017. Further, Ms. Karkaria was a business consultant in Brazil from 2006 to 2008. Ms. Karkaria holds a Bachelor’s degree from the All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The board of directors believes that Ms. Karkaria’s substantial experience in the real estate industry will enable her to bring real estate business insights to the board of directors.

Dimitrios Angelis has been a member of our board of directors since April 2023. Mr. Angelis is an accomplished business strategist who brings over two decades of experience as general counsel from several multinational companies. Since January 2017, he has been the managing partner of Pharma Tech Law LLC, a law firm that specializes in the life sciences field. Further, since June 2017, he has acted as the President, co-founder and chairman of the board of directors of Sparta Biomedical Inc., a privately-held developer of orthopedic solutions. Mr. Angelis has also been a member of the board of directors of The One Group (NASDAQ: STKS) since March 2018, and from March 2015 to March 2020, he served as Star Equity Holding, Inc. (f/k/a/ Digirad) (NASDAQ: STRR) board of directors’ chairperson of the compensation committee. Mr. Angelis has a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Philosophy and English from Boston College, a Master of Arts (M.A.) in Behavioral Science from California State University and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from NYU School of Law. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Angelis’ substantial experience as an accomplished attorney, negotiator and general counsel to public and private companies in the healthcare field will enable him to bring a wealth of strategic, legal and business acumen to the board of directors.

Balaji Swaminathan has been a member of our board of directors since April 2023. Mr. Swaminathan is an accomplished business leader with extensive experience in financial services and entrepreneurship. Since 2018, Mr. Swaminathan has been the founder, chief executive officer and a member of the board of directors of SAIML Pte Ltd, a Singapore-based Capital Markets Services licensed company that provides personalized wealth management solutions for ultra-high net worth customers. Prior to his entrepreneurial pursuits, Mr. Swaminathan also held several key leadership roles in major financial institutions, including serving as President of Westpac International from 2012 to 2019. Mr. Swaminathan also holds multiple directorships with Singapore-based private companies in the finance industry, including S Cube Digilytics Venture Pte Ltd., Turbo Tech Ltd. and Allied Blenders and Distillers Limited since 2022; AT Holdings Pte Ltd. since 2019; and Vibgyor Realty & Investments Private Limited since 2018. Mr. Swaminathan has a Bachelor’s of Commerce (B.C.) in Finance from St. Xavier’s College, a Finance degree from The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, a Finance Cost & Works degree from The Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India and an Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School. The board of directors believes that Mr. Swaminathan substantial experience in the financial services industry as well as in positions of leadership in other companies will enable him to bring a wealth of strategic and business insights to the board of directors.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

With the exception of Giri Devanur – see “Legal Proceedings” and “India Proceeding Involving Giri Devanur” for further information on this matter – none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years:

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Controlled Company

A controlled company is a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group or another company. We are a controlled company because Mr. Giri Devanur, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, holds more than 50% of our voting power, and we expect we will continue to be a controlled company upon the completion of this offering. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we are exempt from the obligation to comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including:

The controlled company exemptions do not apply to the audit committee requirement or the requirement for executive sessions of independent directors. We are required to disclose in our annual report that we are a controlled company and the basis for that determination. Although we do not plan to take advantage of the exemptions provided to controlled companies, we may in the future take advantage of such exemptions.

Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “AIRE”. Subject to the controlled company exemption described above, the listing rules of Nasdaq generally require that a majority of the members of a listed company’s board of directors be independent. In addition, the listing rules generally require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and governance committees be independent subject to the controlled company exemptions described above, as applicable to the compensation and governance committees.

Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

Our board of directors undertook a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of our directors and considered whether any director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. Based upon information requested from and provided by each non-employee director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that none of our directors have relationships that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of Nasdaq and Rule 10A-3 and Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. Only Monaz Karkaria and Giri Devanur are not independent under Nasdaq’s independence standards.

Board of Directors and Committees

The board of directors has three standing committees: the audit committee, compensation committee and the governance committee. All member of the committees of the board of directors are non-employee directors who are deemed independent. Each of the charters of the committees of the board of directors is posted on our website at ir.realpha.com.

None of our directors or executive officers were selected as a result of an arrangement or understanding between him/her and any other person. 

Audit Committee

Under Nasdaq’s listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least three members of the audit committee, all of whom must be independent, subject to certain phase-in provisions. Each of Messrs. Swaminathan, Cole and Angelis meet the independent director standard under Nasdaq’s listing standards and under Rule 10-A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act. Balaji Swaminathan serves as chairman of our audit committee. Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our board of directors has determined that Balaji Swaminathan qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.

Our audit committee charter, which details the purpose and principal functions of the audit committee, includes responsibilities such as to:

Compensation Committee

Balaji Swaminathan, Brian Cole and Dimitrios Angelis serve as members of our compensation committee. Under Nasdaq’s listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least two members of the compensation committee, all of whom must be independent, subject to certain phase-in provisions. Brian Cole serves as chairman of our compensation committee. Each of Messrs. Swaminathan, Cole and Angelis meet the independent director standard under Nasdaq’s listing standards applicable to members of the compensation committee.

Our compensation committee charter, which details the purpose and principal functions of the compensation committee, includes responsibilities such as to:

The compensation committee charter permits the committee to retain or receive advice from a compensation consultant and outlines certain requirements to ensure the consultants independence or certain circumstances under which the consultant need not be independent. We have not retained such a consultant.

Nominating and Governance Committee

Our board of directors has a standing nominating and governance committee of the board of directors that is composed of independent directors. Messrs. Swaminathan, Cole and Angelis serve as members of our nominating and governance committee. Dimitrios Angelis serves as the chairman of our nominating and governance committee.

Our nominating and governance committee charter, which details the purpose and principal functions of the nominating and governance committee, includes responsibilities such as to:

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the compensation committee was at any time during the year ended December 31, 2024, an officer or employee of our Company. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any other entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee.

Risk Oversight

Our audit committee is responsible for overseeing our risk management process. Our audit committee focuses on our general risk management policies and strategy, the most significant risks facing us, including risks associated with our audit, financial reporting, internal control, disclosure control, regulatory compliance and cybersecurity matters, and oversees the implementation of risk mitigation strategies by management. Our board of directors is also apprised of particular risk management matters in connection with its general oversight and approval of corporate matters and significant transactions.

Director Qualifications and Diversity

Our board of directors seeks independent directors who represent a diversity of backgrounds and experiences that will enhance the quality of the board of director’s deliberations and decisions. Our board of directors is particularly interested in maintaining a mix that includes individuals who are active or retired executive officers and senior executives, particularly those with experience in the real estate, technology and finance industries, and with real estate; finance and accounting; and entrepreneurship skills.

There is no difference in the manner in which the board of directors evaluates nominees for directors based on whether the nominee is recommended by a stockholder. In evaluating nominations, the board of directors also looks for depth and breadth of experience within our industry and otherwise, outside time commitments, special areas of expertise, accounting and finance knowledge, business judgment, leadership ability, experience in developing and assessing business strategies, corporate governance expertise, and for incumbent members of the board of directors, the past performance of the incumbent director.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, or the “Code of Conduct,” applicable to all directors, executive officers and employees. The Code of Conduct is available on the “Investor Relations” portion of our website at www.realpha.com. The nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors is responsible for overseeing the Code of Conduct and must approve any waivers of the Code of Conduct for employees, executive officers and directors. In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or Nasdaq’s listing standards concerning any amendments to, or waivers of, any provision of the Code of Conduct.

Insider Trading Policy

We maintain an insider trading policy that governs the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our securities by our directors, officers and employees, which we believe is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules, regulations and any applicable listing standards. Our insider trading policy prohibits all officers, directors and employees from engaging in insider trading, and establishes procedures for those covered under the policy to both report violations and pre-clearance procedures that employees must go through in order to clear any transactions involving our securities. Clearance of a transaction is valid only for a 48-hours period, and if such transaction is not placed in such 48-hour period, clearance of the transaction must be re-requested. Our insider trading policy also establishes certain trading windows and black-out periods, to facilitate compliance with such insider trading policy. Additionally, mandatory pre-clearance is required from all our executive officers and directors, even during trading windows.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that our directors, executive officers, and greater than 10% stockholders to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. To our knowledge, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its officers, directors, and greater than 10% stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2024, were complied with, except for the following inadvertent delinquent reports:

Each of Mr. Swaminathan and Mr. Angelis inadvertently failed to timely disclose one transaction relating to a grant of shares of common stock on May 16, 2024, for services rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023. These transactions were disclosed on a Form 4 for each of Mr. Swaminathan and Mr. Angelis on June 14, 2024.

Michael Frenz, our former Chief Financial Officer that served in such position from February 2024 to July 2024, inadvertently failed to timely disclose one transaction relating to a grant of shares of common stock on May 16, 2024, for services rendered as an independent contractor prior to his appointment as Chief Financial Officer. This transaction was disclosed on a Form 4 for Mr. Frenz on June 14, 2024.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

Named Executive Officers

Our named executive officers and their respective positions for the year ended December 31, 2024, were as follows:

Summary Compensation Table

The following table contains information about the compensation paid to or earned by each of our named executive officers and their respective positions with the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Piyush Phadke, our Chief Financial Officer, is not included since he was appointed to such position on January 30, 2025, succeeding Rakesh Prasad, who served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer from October 10, 2024, until such date.

Employment Agreements with Executive Officers

Employment Agreement with Giri Devanur

We entered into an employment agreement with Giri Devanur on September 1, 2021. Pursuant to Mr. Devanur’s employment agreement, he will serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer until his agreement is terminated by either Mr. Devanur or the Company.

By letter agreement, dated April 11, 2023, we entered into an updated employment agreement with Mr. Devanur, which provides for a base salary of $150,000. Mr. Devanur’s base salary was subsequently adjusted by the compensation committee on February 1, 2024 to $250,000, retroactive to January 1, 2024 pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, which provides that his base salary would be adjusted following a successful public offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $8,000,000 or more, subject to the compensation committee’s approval.

Moreover, pursuant to an amendment to his employment agreement dated February 1, 2024, Mr. Devanur is entitled to additional compensation in the form of a discretionary bonuses of up to 66.7% of his then base salary based on the achievement of certain performance targets to be established by the compensation committee, which will be payable no later than two and a half months after the fiscal year to which these performance targets relate to, and certain benefits such as unlimited vacation, health insurance and others. Pursuant to the February 1, 2024 amendment to his employment agreement, Mr. Devanur is also eligible to participate in the 2022 Plan (as defined below), and may receive equity awards pursuant to the 2022 Plan and in accordance to the Company’s long-term equity incentive awards program (the “LTI Awards”), which LTI Awards are subject to certain performance criteria and metrics that will be established by the compensation committee, including satisfying financial, operational and other metrics. Mr. Devanur or the Company may terminate the updated employment agreement at any time upon written notice to the other party. Devanur’s employment agreement has a confidentiality provision and a non-compete for a period 2 years following the termination of his employment.

Employment Agreement with Michael J. Logozzo

We entered into an employment agreement with Michael J. Logozzo on February 21, 2021. Pursuant to Mr. Logozzo’s employment agreement, he would serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer until his agreement is terminated by either Mr. Logozzo or us.

By letter agreement, dated April 11, 2023, we entered into an updated employment agreement with Mr. Logozzo, which provides for a base salary of $140,000. Mr. Logozzo’s base salary was subsequently adjusted by the compensation committee on February 1, 2024 to $250,000, retroactive to January 1, 2024 pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, which provides that his base salary would be adjusted following a successful public offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $8,000,000 or more, subject to the compensation committee’s approval.

 Moreover, pursuant to an amendment to his employment agreement dated February 1, 2024, Mr. Logozzo is entitled to additional compensation in the form of a discretionary bonuses of up to 66.7% of his then base salary based on the achievement of certain performance targets to be established by the compensation committee, which will be payable no later than two and a half months after the fiscal year to which these performance targets relate to, and certain benefits such as unlimited vacation, health insurance and others. Pursuant to the February 1, 2024 amendment to his employment agreement, Mr. Logozzo is also eligible to participate in the 2022 Plan, and may receive equity awards pursuant to the 2022 Plan and in accordance to the Company’s LTI Awards, which LTI Awards are subject to certain performance criteria and metrics that will be established by the compensation committee, including satisfying financial, operational and other metrics. Mr. Logozzo or the Company may terminate the updated employment agreement at any time upon written notice to the other party. Mr. Logozzo’s employment agreement has a confidentiality provision and a non-compete for a period of 2 years following the termination of his employment.

Employment Agreement with Piyush Phadke

We entered into an employment offer letter with Mr. Phadke effective as of January 30, 2025. Pursuant to his employment offer letter, Mr. Phadke is entitled to receive (i) an annual base salary of $250,000, which will be reviewed annually by the compensation committee and may be increased by the compensation committee at any time for any reason, (ii) an annual cash incentive bonus in an amount equal to 66.7% of his then base salary based on the achievement of certain performance targets to be established by the compensation committee, which bonus will be payable no later than two and a half months after the fiscal year to which the performance targets relate to, and (iii) certain other benefits such as unlimited vacation, health insurance and others. Mr. Phadke is also eligible to participate in the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the “2022 Plan”), and may receive equity awards pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which equity awards may be subject to certain performance criteria and metrics that will be established by the compensation committee at such time, including financial, operational and other metrics. Mr. Phadke or the Company may terminate his employment offer letter at any time upon written notice to the other party, and it contains customary confidentiality provisions, intellectual property assignment provisions and a non-compete for a period of one year following the termination of his employment.

Employment Agreement with Jorge Aldecoa

We entered into an employment agreement with Jorge Aldecoa on September 1, 2022. Pursuant to Mr. Aldecoa’s employment agreement, he served as our Chief Operating Officer until his termination, which was effective as of February 27, 2025.

By letter agreement, dated April 11, 2023, we entered into an updated employment agreement with Mr. Aldecoa, which provided for a base salary of $200,000. Mr. Aldecoa’s base salary was subsequently adjusted by the compensation committee on February 1, 2024 to $215,000, retroactive to January 1, 2024 pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, which provides that his base salary would be adjusted following a successful public offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $8,000,000 or more, subject to the compensation committee’s approval.

Moreover, pursuant to an amendment to his employment agreement dated February 1, 2024, Mr. Aldecoa was entitled to additional compensation in the form of a discretionary bonuses of up to 66.7% of his then base salary based on the achievement of certain performance targets established by the compensation committee, which was payable no later than two and a half months after the fiscal year to which these performance targets relate to, and certain benefits such as unlimited vacation, health insurance and others. Pursuant to the February 1, 2024, amendment to his employment agreement, Mr. Aldecoa was also eligible to participate in the 2022 Plan to receive equity awards pursuant to the 2022 Plan and in accordance to the Company’s LTI Awards, which LTI Awards are subject to certain performance criteria and metrics established by the compensation committee, including satisfying financial, operational and other metrics. Mr. Aldecoa’s updated employment agreement could be terminated by him or us at any time upon written notice to the other party. Mr. Aldecoa’s employment agreement had a confidentiality provision and a non-compete for a period of 2 years following the termination of his employment.

In connection with his termination, the Company and Mr. Aldecoa entered into a separation agreement, dated March 27, 2025, which contained a general release of claims, customary confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions and provided for a severance cash payment in the amount of $36,667, subject to applicable payroll deductions, payable in two equal monthly installments beginning on April 4, 2025.

Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2024

We have no outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2024.

Equity Incentive Plan

We maintain the 2022 Plan, under which we may grant awards to our employees, officers and directors and certain other service providers. The compensation committee of our board of directors administers the 2022 Plan. The 2022 Plan permits grants of awards to eligible employees, consultants and other service providers. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2022 Plan may not exceed 4,000,000 shares of common stock. All of our current employees, consultants and other service providers are eligible to be granted awards under the 2022 Plan. Eligibility for awards under the 2022 Plan is determined by the board of directors at its discretion.

The 2022 Plan permits the discretionary award of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-statutory stock options (“NQSOs”), stock awards (which may have varying vesting schedules and be subject to lock-up periods at the board of directors’ discretion) and other equity awards to selected participants. Unless sooner terminated, no ISO may be granted under the 2022 Plan on or after the 10^th anniversary of the Effective Date (as defined in the 2022 Plan).

The compensation committee has the sole discretion in setting the vesting period and, if applicable, exercise schedule of an award, determining that an award may not vest for a specified period after it is granted and accelerating the vesting period of an award. The plan administrator determines the exercise or purchase price of each award, to the extent applicable. The 2022 Plan does not allow for the assignment, transfer or exercise of awards other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution.

Unless otherwise provided by the participant’s Option Award Agreement or Stock Award Agreement (as both terms are defined in the 2022 Plan) issued pursuant to the 2022 Plan, upon the participant’s termination for any reason, including but not limited to death, Disability (as defined in the 2022 Plan), voluntary termination nor involuntary termination with or without Cause (as defined in the 2022 Plan), all unvested equity awards in the form of options or shares shall be forfeited. Vested options, unless otherwise provided, will remain exercisable for three (3) months following termination of the participant if such termination is for any reason other than death, Disability or termination for Cause. In case the participant’s separation from service is due to death or Disability, then the vested options will be exercisable for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter. In case the participant’s termination is for Cause, the participant will immediately forfeit any and all options issued to such participant under the 2022 Plan.

The 2022 Plan also provides the Company with a right of repurchase all or portion of the shares awarded to the participant under the 2022 Plan, which may be exercised in case a participant separates from service for any reason, at a price equal to the fair market value, as determined by the board of directors. In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2022 Plan), the board of directors will have the sole discretion to address the treatment of a participant’s unvested awards in connection with such Change in Control in the participant’s award agreement.

The board of directors may modify, amend or terminate the plan at any time, provided that no such modification, amendment or termination of the 2022 Plan materially affects the rights of a participant under a previously granted award without that participant’s consent. Further, the board of directors cannot, without the approval of the Company’s stockholders, amend this plan: (i) increase the number of common stock with respect to the ISOs that may be granted under the 2022 Plan; (ii) make any changes in the class of employees eligible to receive the ISOs under the plan; (iii) without stockholder approval if required by applicable law.

2025 Short Term Incentive Plan