ThZeal - The Zeal

ntst-20240930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549



Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number 001-39443



NETSTREIT Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

84-3356606

(State or other jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

Identification No.)

2021 McKinney Avenue

Suite 1150

Dallas, Texas

75201

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(972) 200-7100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

NTST

The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of October 31, 2024 was 81,583,917.

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44
Item 5.	Other Information	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	45
	Signatures	46

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Real estate, at cost:
Land	$	525,485	$	460,896
Buildings and improvements	1,346,095		1,149,809
Total real estate, at cost	1,871,580		1,610,705
Less accumulated depreciation	(136,528)		(101,210)
Property under development	9,361		29,198
Real estate held for investment, net	1,744,413		1,538,693
Assets held for sale	45,712		52,451
Mortgage loans receivable, net	142,171		114,472
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	28,750		29,929
Lease intangible assets, net	164,905		161,354
Other assets, net	59,298		49,337
Total assets	$	2,185,249	$	1,946,236
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:
Term loans, net	$	622,239	$	521,912
Revolving credit facility	150,000		80,000
Mortgage note payable, net	7,861		7,883
Lease intangible liabilities, net	23,341		25,353
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	732		1,158
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	33,752		36,498
Total liabilities	837,925		672,804
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized; 81,583,917 and 73,207,080 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	816		732
Additional paid-in capital	1,507,170		1,367,505
Distributions in excess of retained earnings	(165,421)		(112,276)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(2,453)		8,943
Total stockholders’ equity	1,340,112		1,264,904
Noncontrolling interests	7,212		8,528
Total equity	1,347,324		1,273,432
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,185,249	$	1,946,236

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues
Rental revenue (including reimbursable)	$	38,172	$	31,167	$	110,226	$	89,347
Interest income on loans receivable	3,272		2,244		8,458		5,145
Other revenue	—		550		—		550
Total revenues	41,444		33,961		118,684		95,042
Operating expenses
Property	4,494		3,883		12,578		11,350
General and administrative	4,287		5,133		15,266		15,299
Depreciation and amortization	20,438		15,804		56,522		46,599
Provisions for impairment	9,838		1,538		17,336		4,374
Transaction costs	26		143		201		267
Total operating expenses	39,083		26,501		101,903		77,889
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(7,965)		(3,946)		(21,749)		(13,412)
(Loss) gain on sales of real estate, net	(132)		373		874		669
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		(128)
Other income (expense), net	416		367		(2,451)		586
Total other (expense) income, net	(7,681)		(3,206)		(23,326)		(12,285)
Net (loss) income before income taxes	(5,320)		4,254		(6,545)		4,868
Income tax (expense) benefit	(2)		(15)		(31)		60
Net (loss) income	(5,322)		4,239		(6,576)		4,928
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(27)		24		(35)		32
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	(5,295)	$	4,215	$	(6,541)	$	4,896
Amounts available to common stockholders per common share:
Basic	$	(0.07)	$	0.06	$	(0.09)	$	0.08
Diluted	$	(0.07)	$	0.06	$	(0.09)	$	0.08
Weighted average common shares:
Basic	77,610,680		67,112,587		74,822,286		62,123,334
Diluted	77,610,680		68,048,369		74,822,286		62,897,957
Other comprehensive income:
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
Change in value on derivatives, net	(20,164)		6,466		(11,456)		6,875
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(25,486)	$	10,705	$	(18,032)	$	11,803
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		78		(95)		86
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	(25,348)	$	10,627	$	(17,937)	$	11,717

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common stock
	Shares	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Distributions in Excess of Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	73,207,080	$	732	$	1,367,505	$	(112,276)	$	8,943	$	1,264,904	$	8,528	$	1,273,432

OP Units converted to common stock	7,119	—		126		—		—		126		(126)		—
Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(15,031)		—		(15,031)		(98)		(15,129)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(143)		—		(143)		—		(143)
Vesting of restricted stock units	176,197	2		(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(61,985)	(1)		(1,068)		—		—		(1,069)		—		(1,069)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,751		135				1,886		—		1,886
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		9,077		9,077		51		9,128
Net income	—	—		—		1,045		—		1,045		7		1,052
Balance at March 31, 2024	73,328,411	$	733	$	1,368,312	$	(126,270)	$	18,020	$	1,260,795	$	8,362	$	1,269,157
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of issuance costs	4,000,000	40		65,284		—		—		65,324		—		65,324
OP Units converted to common stock	35,121	—		611		—		—		611		(611)		—
Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(15,042)		—		(15,042)		(90)		(15,132)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(139)		—		(139)		—		(139)
Vesting of restricted stock units	23,510	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(9,363)	—		(160)		—		—		(160)		—		(160)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,530		8		—		1,538		—		1,538
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(420)		(420)		—		(420)
Net loss	—	—		—		(2,291)		—		(2,291)		(15)		(2,306)
Balance at June 30, 2024	77,377,679	$	773	$	1,435,577	$	(143,734)	$	17,600	$	1,310,216	$	7,646	$	1,317,862
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of issuance costs	4,183,711	43		70,109		—		—		70,152		—		70,152
OP Units converted to common stock	12,102	—		204		—		—		204		(204)		—
Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(16,251)		—		(16,251)		(92)		(16,343)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(141)		—		(141)		—		(141)
Vesting of restricted stock units	16,455	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(6,030)	—		(96)		—		—		(96)		—		(96)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,376		—		—		1,376		—		1,376
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(20,053)		(20,053)		(111)		(20,164)
Net loss	—	—		—		(5,295)		—		(5,295)		(27)		(5,322)
Balance at September 30, 2024	81,583,917	$	816	$	1,507,170	$	(165,421)	$	(2,453)	$	1,340,112	$	7,212	$	1,347,324

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common stock
	Shares	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Distributions in Excess of Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	58,031,879	$	580	$	1,091,514	$	(66,937)	$	23,673	$	1,048,830	$	9,593	$	1,058,423
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of issuance costs	2,759,481	28		52,875		—		—		52,903		—		52,903
OP Units converted to common stock	5,694	—		105		—		—		105		(105)		—
Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(11,650)		—		(11,650)		(101)		(11,751)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(122)		—		(122)		—		(122)
Vesting of restricted stock units	83,428	1		(1)		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(18,016)	—		(360)		—		—		(360)		—		(360)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,027		—				1,027		—		1,027
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(5,930)		(5,930)		(49)		(5,979)
Net income	—	—		—		1,472		—		1,472		9		1,481
Balance at March 31, 2023	60,862,466	$	609	$	1,145,160	$	(77,237)	$	17,743	$	1,086,275	$	9,347	$	1,095,622
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net of issuance costs	6,128,135	61		114,475		—		—		114,536		—		114,536

Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(12,173)		—		(12,173)		(102)		(12,275)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(128)		—		(128)		—		(128)
Vesting of restricted stock units	1,416	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(420)	—		(8)		—		—		(8)		—		(8)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,252		—		—		1,252		—		1,252
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		6,339		6,339		49		6,388
Net loss	—	—		—		(791)		—		(791)		(1)		(792)
Balance at June 30, 2023	66,991,597	$	670	$	1,260,879	$	(90,329)	$	24,082	$	1,195,302	$	9,293	$	1,204,595
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of issuance costs	1,672,242	17		27,401		—		—		27,418		—		27,418
OP Units converted to common stock	19,932	—		362		—		—		362		(362)		—
Dividends and distributions declared on common stock and OP Units	—	—		—		(13,768)		—		(13,768)		(104)		(13,872)
Dividends declared on restricted stock, net	—	—		—		(126)		—		(126)		—		(126)
Vesting of restricted stock units	24,088	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(6,636)	—		(112)		—		—		(112)		—		(112)
Stock-based compensation, net	—	—		1,280		2		—		1,282		—		1,282
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		6,412		6,412		54		6,466
Net income	—	—		—		4,215		—		4,215		24		4,239
Balance at September 30, 2023	68,701,223	$	687	$	1,289,810	$	(100,006)	$	30,494	$	1,220,985	$	8,905	$	1,229,890

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	56,522		46,599
Amortization of deferred financing costs	1,673		1,165
Amortization of above/below-market assumed debt	86		86
Noncash revenue adjustments	(2,378)		(1,147)
Amortization of deferred gains on interest rate swaps	(2,948)		(1,134)
Stock-based compensation expense	4,657		3,559
Gain on sales of real estate, net	(874)		(669)
Provisions for impairment	17,336		4,374
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		128
Loss (gain) on involuntary conversion of building and improvements	644		(47)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Other assets, net	(4,019)		(4,803)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(1,973)		(71)
Lease incentive payments	(22)		(1,456)
Net cash provided by operating activities	62,128		51,512
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions of real estate	(302,299)		(254,745)
Real estate development and improvements	(37,306)		(47,692)
Investment in mortgage loans receivable	(26,205)		(65,513)
Principal collections on mortgage loans receivable	11,258		—
Earnest money deposits	(7,925)		(2,531)
Purchase of computer equipment and other corporate assets	(8)		(23)
Proceeds from sale of real estate	42,845		24,726
Proceeds from the settlement of property-related insurance claims	261		47
Net cash used in investing activities	(319,379)		(345,731)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock in public offerings, net	135,475		194,857
Payment of common stock dividends	(46,324)		(37,591)
Payment of OP unit distributions	(280)		(307)
Payment of restricted stock dividends	(491)		(148)
Principal payments on mortgages payable	(115)		(99)

Proceeds under revolving credit facilities	251,000		288,000
Repayments under revolving credit facilities	(181,000)		(359,000)
Proceeds from term loans	100,000		150,000

Repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations	(1,325)		(480)
Deferred offering costs	(868)		(351)
Deferred financing costs	—		(3,271)
Net cash provided by financing activities	256,072		231,610
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,179)		(62,609)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	29,929		70,543
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	28,750	$	7,934

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net	$	22,778	$	12,779
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	27	$	575
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Dividends declared and unpaid on restricted stock	$	279	$	375
Deferred offering costs included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	318	$	34
Accrued loan origination fees on mortgage loans receivable	$	200	$	—
Mortgage loan receivable settled in exchange for acquisition of real estate	$	—	$	4,673
Increase in mortgage loan receivable in exchange for disposition of real estate	$	12,714	$	1,837
Refinancing of mortgage loan receivable	$	—	$	1,327
Cash flow hedge change in fair value	$	(8,508)	$	8,009
Accrued capital expenditures and real estate development and improvement costs	$	3,963	$	9,834
Accrued lease incentives	$	—	$	23

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business

NETSTREIT Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated on October 11, 2019 as a Maryland corporation and commenced operations on December 23, 2019. The Company conducts its operations through NETSTREIT, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). NETSTREIT GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership.

The Company elected to be treated and to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. Additionally, the Operating Partnership formed NETSTREIT Management TRS, LLC (“NETSTREIT TRS”), which together with the Company jointly elected to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (commonly referred to as an “UPREIT”) and is an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns, and manages a diversified portfolio of single-tenant, retail commercial real estate leased on a long-term basis to high credit quality tenants across the United States. The Company also invests in property developments and mortgage loans secured by real estate. As of September 30, 2024, the Company owned or had investments in 671 properties, located in 45 states, excluding eight property developments where rent has yet to commence.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and the Company’s net (loss) income is reduced by the portion of net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Interim Unaudited Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto on the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, which provide a more complete understanding of the Company’s accounting policies, financial position, operating results, business properties, and other matters. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the useful lives of real estate assets, lease accounting, real estate impairment assessments, and allocation of fair value of purchase consideration. These estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and makes revisions to these estimates and related disclosures as experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Table of Contents

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Fair value measurement of an asset group occurs when events or changes in circumstances related to an asset indicate that the carrying amount of the asset is no longer recoverable. An example of an event or changed circumstance is a reduction in the expected holding period of a property. If indicators are present, the Company will prepare a projection of the undiscounted future cash flows of the property, excluding interest charges, and determine if the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable. When a carrying amount is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair market value. The Company estimates fair value using data such as operating income, estimated capitalization rates or multiples, leasing prospects, local market information, and discount rates, and with regard to assets held for sale, based on the estimated or negotiated selling price, less estimated costs of disposal. Based on these unobservable inputs, the Company determined that its valuations of impaired real estate and intangible assets fall within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820.

The following table summarizes the provision for impairment during the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Total provision for impairment	$	9,838	$	1,538	$	17,336	$	4,374
Number of properties: (1)
Classified as held for sale	10		—		11		6
Disposed within the period	3		2		14		2

(1) Includes the number of properties that were either (i) impaired during the period on the held for sale classification date and remained as held for sale as of period-end or (ii) impaired and disposed of during the respective period. Excludes properties that did not have impairment recorded during the period. Of the total provision for impairment during the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $0.4 million of additional impairment expense on two properties that were classified as held for sale in prior periods and $5.3 million of impairment expense on three properties held for investment. Of the total provision for impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $1.5 million of additional impairment expense on five properties that were classified as held for sale in prior periods and $9.4 million of impairment expense on nine properties held for investment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all cash balances, money market accounts and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash includes cash restricted for property tenant improvements and cash proceeds from the sale of assets held by qualified intermediaries in anticipation of the acquisition of replacement properties in tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Code. Restricted cash is included in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company had $2.9 million of restricted cash as of September 30, 2024, and $11.5 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2023.

The Company’s bank balances as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included certain amounts over the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurements are utilized in the accounting of the Company’s assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an asset acquisition and also affect the Company’s accounting for certain of its financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The hierarchy described below prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs to be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in an active market; Level 2 inputs, which are observable inputs for similar assets; or Level 3 inputs, which are unobservable inputs.

The Company uses the following inputs in its fair value measurements:

– Level 2 and Level 3 inputs for its debt and derivative financial instrument fair value disclosures. See “Note 6 - Debt” and “Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments,” respectively; and

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– Level 2 and Level 3 inputs when assessing the fair value of assets and liabilities in connection with real estate acquisitions and impairment. See “Note 4 - Real Estate Investments.”

Additionally, companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based on market conditions and perceived risks as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These estimates require management’s judgment and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities.

The fair value of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (including money market accounts), other assets and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate their carrying value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Additionally, the Company believes the following financial instruments have carrying values that approximate their fair values as of September 30, 2024:

•Borrowings under the Company’s Revolver (as defined in “Note 6 - Debt”) approximate fair value based on their nature, terms and variable interest rates.

•Carrying values of the Company’s mortgage loans receivable approximate fair values based on a number of factors, including either their short-term nature, the availability of market quotes for comparable instruments, and a discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates, and credit spreads.

•Carrying value of the Company’s mortgage note payable approximates fair value based on a discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates, and credit spreads.

Provisions for impairment recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 partially related to assets held for sale where impairment was determined based on the estimated or negotiated selling price, less costs of disposal, compared to the carrying value of the property. The Company also recorded $5.3 million and $9.4 million of impairment expense on three and nine properties held for investment, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. These properties were accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using a cash flow model (Level 3 inputs) with adjusted carrying values ranging from $0.2 million to $4.8 million. The Company estimated the fair value using capitalization rates ranging from 5.9% to 12.1%, and a discount rate of 5.6%, which it believes is reasonable based on current market rates. As of December 31, 2023, there were two real estate assets held for investment accounted for at fair value. Of these properties, one was accounted for at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using a cash flow model (Level 3 inputs) with an adjusted carrying value of $1.5 million.

The following table discloses estimated fair value information for the Company’s 2027 Term Loan, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan (each as defined in “Note 6 - Debt”) which is derived based primarily on unobservable market inputs such as interest rates and discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value (1)		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value (1)		Estimated Fair Value
2027 Term Loan	$	174,391	$	175,359	$	174,037	$	175,641
2028 Term Loan	199,186		201,122		199,006		201,396
2029 Term Loan	248,662		250,687		148,869		150,666

(1) The carrying value of the debt instruments are net of unamortized debt issuance and discount costs.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, one tenant, Dollar General, accounted for 11.6% of total revenues. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, there were no tenants or borrowers with rental or interest income on loans receivable that exceeded 10% of total revenues.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, one tenant, Dollar General, accounted for 12.0% of total revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no tenants or borrowers with rental or interest income on loans receivable that exceeded 10% of total revenues.

Other financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash held at various financial institutions, access to the Company’s credit facilities, and amounts due or payable under derivative contracts. These credit risk exposures are spread among a diversified group of investment grade financial institutions.

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Segment Reporting

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for the manner in which companies report information about operating segments. Substantially all of the Company’s investments, at acquisition, are comprised of real estate owned that is leased to tenants on a long-term basis or real estate that secures the Company's investment in mortgage loans receivable. The Company allocates resources and assesses operating performance based on individual investment and property needs. Therefore, the Company aggregates these investments for reporting purposes and operates in one reportable segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis such as, annual and interim disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, interim disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets, and the requirement that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by ASU 2023-07 and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The disclosures are applied retrospectively to all periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company has one reportable segment and continues to evaluate additional disclosures that may be required for entities with a single reportable segment.

Note 3 – Leases

The Company acquires, owns and manages commercial single-tenant lease properties, with the majority being long-term triple-net leases where the tenant is generally responsible for all improvements and contractually obligated to pay all operating costs (such as real estate taxes, utilities and repairs and maintenance costs). As of September 30, 2024, exclusive of mortgage loans receivable, the Company’s weighted average remaining lease term was 9.5 years.

The Company’s property leases have been classified as operating leases and some have scheduled rent increases throughout the lease term. The Company’s leases typically provide the tenant one or more multi-year renewal options to extend their leases, subject to generally the same terms and conditions, including rent increases, consistent with the initial lease term.

All lease-related income is reported as a single line item, rental revenue (including reimbursable), in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income and is presented net of any reserves, write-offs, or recoveries for uncollectible amounts.

Fixed lease income includes stated amounts per the lease contract, which include base rent, fixed common area maintenance charges, and straight-line lease adjustments.

Variable lease income primarily includes recoveries from tenants, which represent amounts that tenants are contractually obligated to reimburse the Company for, specific to their portion of actual recoverable costs incurred. Variable lease income also includes percentage rent, which represents amounts billable to tenants based on their actual sales volume in excess of levels specified in the lease contract.

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The following table provides a disaggregation of lease income recognized under ASC 842 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Rental revenue
Fixed lease income (1)	$	35,346	$	27,999	$	101,000	$	79,530
Variable lease income (2)	2,657		3,047		8,864		9,299
Other rental revenue:
Above/below market lease amortization, net	354		319		927		1,108
Lease incentives	(185)		(198)		(565)		(590)
Rental revenue (including reimbursable)	$	38,172	$	31,167	$	110,226	$	89,347

(1) Fixed lease income includes contractual rents under lease agreements with tenants recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(2) Variable lease income primarily includes tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and lease termination fees, and reserves for uncollectible amounts. There were no material reserves, write-offs, or recoveries of uncollectible amounts during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Scheduled future minimum base rental payments (excluding base rental payments from properties classified as held for sale and straight line rent adjustments for all properties) due to be received under the remaining non-cancelable term of the operating leases in place as of September 30, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):


	Future Minimum Base Rental Receipts
Remainder of 2024	$	35,316
2025	141,907
2026	140,789
2027	137,385
2028	131,260
Thereafter	830,245
Total	$	1,416,902

Future minimum rentals exclude amounts that may be received from tenants for reimbursements of operating costs and property taxes. In addition, the future minimum rents do not include any contingent rents based on a percentage of the lessees' gross sales or lease escalations based on future changes in the Consumer Price Index or other stipulated reference rate.

Note 4 – Real Estate Investments

As of September 30, 2024, the Company owned or had investments in 671 properties, excluding eight property developments where rent has yet to commence. The gross real estate investment portfolio, including properties under development, totaled approximately $2.1 billion and consisted of the gross acquisition cost of land, buildings, improvements, lease intangible assets and liabilities, and property development costs. The investment portfolio is geographically dispersed throughout 45 states with gross real estate investments in Texas and Illinois representing 11.6% and 10.0%, respectively, of the total gross real estate investment of the Company’s investment portfolio.

Acquisitions

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company acquired 22 properties for a total purchase price of $111.5 million, inclusive of $1.1 million of capitalized acquisition costs. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired 21 properties for a total purchase price of $95.3 million, inclusive of $0.8 million of capitalized acquisition costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company acquired 68 properties for a total purchase price of $302.3 million, inclusive of $2.8 million of capitalized acquisition costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired 69 properties for a total purchase price of $259.2 million, inclusive of $2.4 million of capitalized acquisition costs.

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The acquisitions were all accounted for as asset acquisitions. An allocation of the purchase price and acquisition costs paid for the completed acquisitions is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Land	$	31,964	$	22,559	$	76,836	$	56,611
Buildings	64,504		59,213		179,391		159,215
Site improvements	5,792		3,857		19,221		12,826
Tenant improvements	801		736		2,605		2,295
In-place lease intangible assets	9,481		8,467		25,253		26,276
Above-market lease intangible assets	—		479		—		2,022


	112,542		95,311		303,306		259,245
Liabilities assumed

Accounts payable, accrued expense and other liabilities	(1,007)		—		(1,007)		—
Purchase price (including acquisition costs)	$	111,535	$	95,311	$	302,299	$	259,245

Development

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had six property developments under construction. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company invested $5.0 million in property developments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company invested $27.9 million in property developments, including the land acquisition of four new developments with a combined initial purchase price of $2.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company completed development on 16 projects and reclassified approximately $47.8 million from property under development to land, buildings and improvements, and other assets (leasing commissions) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rent commenced for 14 of the completed developments during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, while rent is expected to commence for the other two completed developments in the fourth quarter of 2024. The remaining six developments are expected to be substantially completed with rent commencing at various points throughout the fourth quarter of 2024 and the first quarter of 2025. The purchase price, including acquisition costs, and subsequent development are included in property under development in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company invested $33.2 million in property developments, including the land acquisition of 14 new developments with an initial purchase price of $9.6 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company invested $55.5 million in property developments, including the land acquisition of 34 new developments with an initial purchase price of $21.6 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company completed development on 12 projects and reclassified approximately $38.8 million from property under development to land, buildings and improvements in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rent commenced for the completed developments at various points throughout 2023. The purchase price, including acquisitions costs, and subsequent development are included in property under development in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023.

Additionally, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized approximately $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest expense associated with properties under development. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized approximately $0.7 million of interest expense associated with properties under development.

Dispositions

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold eight properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $23.0 million, recognizing a net loss of $0.1 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold four properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $7.2 million, recognizing a net gain of $0.4 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 26 properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $55.6 million, recognizing a net gain of $0.9 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 14 properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $26.5 million, recognizing a net gain of $0.7 million.

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Investment in Mortgage Loans Receivable

The Company’s mortgage loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized below (in thousands):


Loan Type	Monthly Payment (1)	Number of Secured Properties	Effective Interest Rate (2)	Stated Interest Rate	Maturity Date	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	1	7.50%	7.50%	1/8/2025	$	43,612	$	43,612
Mortgage (4)	I/O	46	9.55%	9.55%	3/10/2026	41,940		41,940
Mortgage (4) (5)	I/O	3	8.10%	6.89%	4/10/2026	4,132		4,132
Mortgage (3) (4) (5)	I/O	8	7.63%	7.63%	6/10/2025	12,434		14,024
Mortgage	None (6)	1	7.85%	8.50%	12/29/2024	825		660
Mortgage (3)	P+I	1	7.87%	7.50%	1/8/2025	—		3,246
Mortgage (3) (4) (7)	I/O	10	10.30%	10.25%	6/18/2025	17,037		5,007
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	2	14.39%	10.25%	12/22/2024	4,342		1,909
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	1	10.25%	10.25%	4/26/2025	1,386		—
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	1	10.25%	10.25%	5/15/2025	1,525		—
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	1	10.25%	10.25%	7/26/2025	1,235		—
Mortgage (3) (4)	I/O	1	10.25%	10.25%	8/27/2025	1,242		—
Mortgage	P+I	1	7.25%	7.25%	7/17/2027	4,068		—
Mortgage	P+I	1	7.25%	7.25%	7/17/2027	5,210		—
Mortgage	I/O	1	13.09%	13.09%	11/17/2024	1,299		—
Mortgage	P+I	1	7.25%	7.25%	9/19/2027	1,438		—
Mortgage	I/O	1	7.00%	7.00%	9/30/2029	636		—
Total						142,361		114,530
Unamortized loan origination costs and fees, net						56		58
Unamortized discount						(246)		(116)
Total mortgage loans receivable, net						$	142,171	$	114,472

(1) I/O: Interest Only; P+I: Principal and Interest.

(2) Includes amortization of discount, loan origination costs and fees, as applicable.

(3) The Company has the right, subject to certain terms and conditions, to acquire all or a portion of the underlying collateralized properties.

(4) Loans require monthly payments of interest only with principal payments occurring as borrower disposes of underlying properties, limited to the Company’s allocated investment by property. Any remaining principal balance will be repaid at or before the maturity date.

(5) The stated interest rate is variable up to 15.0% and is calculated based on contractual rent for existing collateralized properties subject to the loan agreement.

(6) Payments of both interest and principal are due at maturity.

(7) The collateralized properties are in process developments with varying maturity dates dependent upon initial funding. Maturity dates range from December 5, 2024 to June 18, 2025.

Assets Held for Sale

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 24 and 23 properties, respectively, classified as held for sale.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company determined that eight properties previously classified as held for sale no longer met the held for sale criteria as of September 30, 2024. The Company reclassified the properties' combined carrying value of $23.9 million out of assets held for sale and recorded catch-up depreciation of approximately $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Provisions for Impairment

The Company recorded provisions for impairment of $9.8 million and $1.5 million on 18 properties and seven properties for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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The Company recorded provisions for impairment of $17.3 million and $4.4 million on 40 properties and 10 properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 5 – Intangible Assets and Liabilities

Intangible assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Assets:
In-place leases	$	200,667	$	(58,281)	$	142,386	$	181,564	$	(45,210)	$	136,354
Above-market leases	21,634		(5,573)		16,061		21,661		(4,361)		17,300

Lease incentives	8,178		(1,720)		6,458		8,996		(1,296)		7,700
Total intangible assets	$	230,479	$	(65,574)	$	164,905	$	212,221	$	(50,867)	$	161,354

Liabilities:
Below-market leases	$	33,139	$	(9,798)	$	23,341	$	33,196	$	(7,843)	$	25,353

The remaining weighted average amortization period for the Company’s intangible assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023 by category were as follows:


	Years Remaining
	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
In-place leases	8.7	8.8
Above-market leases	11.6	12.2
Below-market leases	10.4	10.9
Lease incentives	10.3	11.1

The Company records amortization of in-place lease assets to amortization expense, and records net amortization of above-market and below-market lease intangibles as well as amortization of lease incentives to rental revenue. The following amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income related to the amortization of intangible assets and liabilities for all property and ground leases (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amortization:
Amortization of in-place leases	$	5,588	$	4,641	$	15,659	$	14,120



Net adjustment to rental revenue:
Above-market lease assets	(410)		(398)		(1,239)		(1,159)
Below-market lease liabilities	765		717		2,167		2,266
Lease incentives	(185)		(198)		(565)		(590)
	$	170	$	121	$	363	$	517

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The following table provides the projected amortization of in-place lease assets to amortization expense and the net amortization of above-market, below-market, and lease incentive lease intangible assets and liabilities to rental revenue as of September 30, 2024, for the next five years and thereafter (in thousands):


	Remainder of 2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
In-place leases	$	5,459	$	21,597	$	20,408	$	18,509	$	15,739	$	60,674	$	142,386



Above-market lease assets	$	(412)	$	(1,649)	$	(1,626)	$	(1,562)	$	(1,517)	$	(9,295)	$	(16,061)
Below-market lease liabilities	695		2,793		2,706		2,636		2,503		12,008		23,341
Lease incentives	(181)		(726)		(726)		(670)		(640)		(3,515)		(6,458)
Net adjustment to rental revenue	$	102	$	418	$	354	$	404	$	346	$	(802)	$	822

Note 6 – Debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):


				Amounts Outstanding as of
	Contractual Maturity Date	Fully Extended Maturity Date (1)	Interest Rate (2)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt:
2027 Term Loan (3)	January 15, 2026	January 15, 2027	3.12%	$	175,000	$	175,000
2028 Term Loan (4)	February 11, 2028	—	3.88%	200,000		200,000
2029 Term Loan (5)	July 3, 2026	January 3, 2029	4.99%	250,000		150,000
Revolver (6)	August 11, 2026	August 11, 2027	5.94%	150,000		80,000
Mortgage Note	November 1, 2027	—	4.53%	8,245		8,361
Total debt				783,245		613,361
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs				(3,145)		(3,566)
Unamortized deferred financing costs, net (7)				(1,386)		(1,942)
Total debt, net				$	778,714	$	607,853

(1) Date represents the fully extended maturity date available to the Company, subject to certain conditions, under each related debt instrument.

(2) Rate represents the effective interest rate as of September 30, 2024 and includes the effect of interest rate swap agreements, as described further in “Note 6 - Debt” and “Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments.”

(3) Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets daily at daily SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of September 30, 2024. The Company has entered into five interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate. The hedged fixed rate reset effective November 27, 2023 to 1.87% and will reset again effective December 23, 2024 to 2.40%.

(4) Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets monthly at one-month term SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of September 30, 2024. The Company has entered into three interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate.

(5) Loan is a floating-rate loan which resets daily at daily SOFR plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.15% as of September 30, 2024. The Company has entered into four interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the floating rate to a fixed rate.

(6) The annual interest rate of the Revolver assumes daily SOFR as of September 30, 2024 of 4.84% plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% plus the applicable margin which was 1.00% as of September 30, 2024.

(7) The Company records deferred financing costs associated with the Revolver in other assets, net on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reclassed the net amount of loan commitment fees associated with the 2029 Term Loan from other assets, net to debt issuance costs upon the $100.0 million draw under the 2029 Term Loan.

2029 Term Loan

On July 3, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (the “2029 Term Loan Agreement”) related to a $250.0 million sustainability-linked senior unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”) which may, subject to the terms of the 2029 Term Loan Agreement, be increased to an amount of up to $400.0 million at the Company’s request. The 2029 Term Loan contains a 12-month delayed draw feature and $150.0 million was drawn on July 3, 2023. Subject to the terms of the 2029 Term Loan Agreement, the Company drew an additional $100.0 million under the 2029 Term Loan on March 1, 2024. The 2029 Term Loan is prepayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty. The 2029 Term Loan matures on July 3, 2026, subject to two one-year extension options and one six-month extension option with a final, extended maturity date of January 3, 2029. The extension options are at the Company’s election and are subject to certain conditions.

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The interest rate applicable to the 2029 Term Loan is determined by the Company’s Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the 2029 Term Loan Agreement). Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate (as defined in the 2029 Term Loan Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate, plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

The Company has hedged the entire $250.0 million of the 2029 Term Loan at an all-in fixed interest rate of 4.99%, through January 2029, which consists of a fixed SOFR rate of 3.74%, plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% and, at current leverage levels, a borrowing spread of 1.15%. Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings.

The 2029 Term Loan also contains sustainability-linked pricing component pursuant to which the Company will receive interest rate reductions up to 0.025% based on its performance against a sustainability performance target focused on the portion of the Company’s annualized based rent attributable to tenants with commitments or quantifiable targets for reduced GHG emission in accordance with the standards of the Science Based Targets initiative (“SBTi”).

In connection with the 2029 Term Loan, the Company incurred $1.4 million of deferred financing costs. Additionally, the Company incurred $0.9 million of loan commitment fees associated with the 2029 Term Loan, which were capitalized to other assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and subsequently reclassed to debt issuance costs upon the $100.0 million draw under the 2029 Term Loan. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the term of the loan and are included in interest expense, net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

Credit Facility

On August 11, 2022, the Company entered into a sustainability-linked senior unsecured credit facility consisting of (i) a $200.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2028 Term Loan”) and (ii) a $400.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”, and together with the 2028 Term Loan, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility may be increased by $400.0 million in the aggregate for total availability of up to $1.0 billion.

The 2028 Term Loan matures on February 11, 2028. The Revolver matures on August 11, 2026, subject to a one year extension option at the Company’s election (subject to certain conditions) to August 11, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are repayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty. Borrowings under the Revolver may be repaid and reborrowed from time to time prior to the maturity date.

Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the credit agreement governing the Credit Facility (the “Credit Agreement”)), interest rates are based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, and are determined by (A) in the case of the 2028 Term Loan either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio and (B) in the case of the Revolver either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.45%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.45%, based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio.

After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest rates are based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, and are determined by (A) in the case of the 2028 Term Loan either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating and (B) in the case of the Revolver either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.40%, based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

Additionally, the Company will incur a facility fee based on the total commitment amount of $400.0 million under the Revolver. Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, the applicable facility fee will range from 0.15% to 0.30% based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, the applicable facility fee will range from 0.125% to 0.30% based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

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The Credit Facility also contains a sustainability-linked pricing component pursuant to which the Company will receive interest rate reductions up to 0.025% based on its performance against a sustainability performance target focused on the portion of the Company’s annualized base rent attributable to tenants with commitments or quantifiable targets for reduced greenhouse gas emission in accordance with the standards of the SBTi.

The Company has fully hedged the 2028 Term Loan with an all-in interest rate of 3.88%. Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings. The interest rate hedge is further described in “Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”

In connection with the Credit Facility, the Company incurred approximately $3.8 million of deferred financing costs which were allocated between the Revolver and 2028 Term Loan in the amounts of $2.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Additionally, $0.5 million of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the Company’s previous revolving credit facility were reclassed to the Revolver. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the remaining terms of each respective borrowing and are included in interest expense, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

2027 Term Loan

In December 2019, the Company entered into an agreement governing a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan that was scheduled to mature in December 2024 (the “2024 Term Loan”). On June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated the agreement governing the 2024 Term Loan to provide for a $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan with a maturity date of January 15, 2026 that is subject to a one year extension option at the Company’s election (subject to certain conditions) (the “2027 Term Loan”). The 2027 Term Loan is repayable at the Company’s option in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

The interest rate applicable to the 2027 Term Loan is determined by the Company’s Investment Grade Rating (as defined in the 2027 Term Loan). Prior to the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 1.15% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate (as defined in the 2027 Term Loan), plus a margin ranging from 0.15% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio. After the date the Company obtains an Investment Grade Rating, interest shall accrue at either (i) SOFR, plus a margin ranging from 0.80% to 1.60% or (ii) Base Rate, plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%, in each case based on the Company’s Investment Grade Rating.

Interest is payable monthly or at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears. The Company has fully hedged the 2027 Term Loan. The interest rate hedges are described in “Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”

Mortgage Note Payable

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had total gross mortgage indebtedness of $8.3 million, which was collateralized by related real estate and a tenant’s lease with an aggregate net book value of $12.3 million. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of less than $0.1 million and recorded a debt discount of $0.6 million, both of which are recorded as a reduction of the principal balance in mortgage note payable, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The mortgage note matures on November 1, 2027, but may be repaid in full beginning August 2027.

Debt Maturities

Payments on the 2027 Term Loan, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan are interest only through maturity. As of September 30, 2024, scheduled debt maturities, including balloon payments, are as follows (in thousands):


	Scheduled Principal		Balloon Payment (1)		Total
Remainder of 2024	$	44	$	—	$	44
2025	170		—		170
2026	178		575,000		575,178
2027	170		7,683		7,853
2028	—		200,000		200,000

Total	$	562	$	782,683	$	783,245

(1) Does not assume the exercise of any extension options available to the Company.

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Interest Expense

The following table is a summary of the components of interest expense related to the Company’s borrowings (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revolving credit facilities (1)	$	1,876	$	380	$	4,635	$	4,096
Term loans (2)	6,528		4,428		18,728		9,597
Mortgage note payable	94		97		285		290
Non-cash:
Amortization of deferred financing costs	186		264		609		635
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs, net	401		315		1,150		616
Amortization of deferred gains on interest rate swaps	(990)		(1,134)		(2,949)		(1,134)
Capitalized interest	(130)		(404)		(709)		(688)
Total interest expense, net	$	7,965	$	3,946	$	21,749	$	13,412

(1) Includes facility fees and non-utilization fees of approximately $0.2 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and facility fees of $0.5 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

(2) Includes the effects of interest rate hedges in place as of such date.

Deferred financing, discount, and debt issuance costs are amortized over the remaining terms of each respective borrowing and are included in interest expense, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, term loans had a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and the effects of interest rate hedges, of 6.62% and 6.53%, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, term loans had a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and the effects of interest rate hedges, of 6.67% and 5.09%, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense on revolving credit facilities with a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and facility fees, of 6.45% and 7.05%, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense on revolving credit facilities with a weighted average interest rate, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and facility fees, of 6.49% and 5.98%, respectively.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s term loans have been derived based on market observable inputs such as interest rates and discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional detail on fair value measurements.

The Company was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of September 30, 2024 and expects to be in compliance for the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2024.

Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses interest rate derivative contracts to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates on its variable rate debt. These derivatives are considered cash flow hedges and are recorded on a gross basis at fair value. Assessments of hedge effectiveness are performed quarterly using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. The Company recognizes the entire change in the fair value in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) and the change is reflected as cash flow hedge changes in fair value in the supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Effective July 3, 2023, such derivatives were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2029 Term Loan. The interest rate for the variable rate 2029 Term Loan is based on the hedged fixed rate of 3.74% compared to the variable 2029 Term Loan daily SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 4.83%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%. The maturity dates of the interest rate swaps coincide with the fully extended maturity date of the 2029 Term Loan.

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Effective September 1, 2022, such derivatives were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2028 Term Loan. The interest rate for the variable rate 2028 Term Loan is based on the hedged fixed rate of 2.63% compared to the variable 2028 Term Loan one-month SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 5.20%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%. The maturity dates of the interest rate swaps coincide with the maturity date of the 2028 Term Loan.

Effective January 27, 2023, the Company converted its four existing LIBOR swap agreements associated with the 2024 Term Loan into four new SOFR swaps that convert the SOFR variable rate to a fixed rate of 0.12% and on June 15, 2023, the Company amended and restated its 2024 Term Loan, providing for the 2027 Term Loan. In anticipation of the amendment and restatement of the 2024 Term Loan, additional derivatives, effective November 27, 2023 and December 23, 2024 at hedged fixed rates of 1.87% and 2.40%, respectively, were initiated to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the 2027 Term Loan through the fully extended maturity date. The interest rate on the variable 2027 Term Loan includes a daily SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 4.83%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15%.

Amounts will subsequently be reclassified to earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The Company does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative or trading purposes and does not have derivative netting arrangements.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by its derivative counterparties. The Company evaluates counterparty credit risk through monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties, which includes review of debt ratings and financial performance. To mitigate credit risk, the Company enters into agreements with counterparties it considers credit-worthy, such as large financial institutions with favorable credit ratings.

The Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (in thousands, except number of instruments):


	Number of Instruments		Notional
Interest Rate Derivatives	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps	12	12	$	650,000	$	650,000

The following table presents the fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Derivative Assets

Fair Value as of

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:

Balance Sheet Location

September 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Interest rate swaps

Other assets, net

7,936

14,442

Derivative Liabilities

Fair Value as of

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:

Balance Sheet Location

September 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Interest rate swaps

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

5,076

3,073

The following table presents the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)				Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion)


Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	2024		2023			2024		2023
For the Three Months Ended September 30
Interest Rate Products	$	(15,274)	$	11,814	Interest expense, net	$	4,890	$	5,218

For the Nine Months Ended September 30
Interest Rate Products	$	2,933	$	18,388	Interest expense, net	$	14,389	$	11,513

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The Company did not exclude any amounts from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that an additional $3.8 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.

The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves.

To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of September 30, 2024, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The table below presents the Company’s derivative assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (in thousands):


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level
Description	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value
September 30, 2024
Derivative assets	$	—	$	7,936	$	—	$	7,936
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	5,076	$	—	$	5,076

December 31, 2023
Derivative assets	$	—	$	14,442	$	—	$	14,442
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	3,073	$	—	$	3,073

Note 8 – Supplemental Detail for Certain Components of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Other assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	10,801	$	10,074
Deferred rent receivable	10,473		7,744
Prepaid assets	4,174		1,387
Earnest money deposits	8,375		450
Fair value of interest rate swaps	7,936		14,442
Deferred offering costs	1,497		1,031
Deferred financing costs, net	1,386		2,724
Right-of-use asset	3,581		3,866
Leasehold improvements and other corporate assets, net	1,500		1,723
Interest receivable	3,186		1,397
Other assets, net	6,389		4,499
	$	59,298	$	49,337

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Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consists of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses	$	8,787	$	8,826
Accrued bonus	896		2,575
Prepaid rent	3,764		3,896
Operating lease liability	4,765		5,104
Accrued interest	3,081		2,921
Deferred rent	4,368		3,257
Accounts payable	1,028		4,691
Fair value of interest rate swaps	5,076		3,073
Other liabilities	1,987		2,155
	$	33,752	$	36,498

Note 9 – Shareholders’ Equity, Partners’ Capital and Preferred Equity

ATM Program

On September 1, 2021, the Company entered into a $250.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2021 ATM Program”).

•In March 2023, the Company issued 146,745 shares of common stock under the 2021 ATM Program at a weighted average price of $20.22 per share for net proceeds of approximately $2.9 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of less than $0.1 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 146,745 Class A units of limited partnership of the Operating Partnership (“Class A OP Units”).

•In June 2023, the Company issued 1,364,815 shares of common stock under the 2021 ATM Program at a weighted average price of $17.53 per share for net proceeds of approximately $23.4 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.3 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,364,815 Class A OP Units.

•In August 2023, the Company issued 109,725 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $17.18 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.1 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 109,725 Class A OP Units.

•In September 2023, the Company issued 46,228 shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $17.09 per share for net proceeds of approximately $0.8 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of less than $0.1 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 46,228 Class A OP Units.

On September 14, 2023, the Company entered into a forward sale agreement with respect to 7,500,000 shares of its common stock under the 2021 ATM Program.

•On September 28, 2023, the Company partially physically settled 1,516,289 shares of common stock at a price of $16.49 per share under such forward sale agreement for net proceeds of approximately $24.8 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.2 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,516,289 Class A OP Units.

•On June 26, 2024, the Company partially physically settled 4,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $16.43 per share under such forward sale agreement for net proceeds of approximately $65.3 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.7 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 4,000,000 Class A OP Units.

•On September 26, 2024, the Company physically settled 1,983,711 shares of common stock at a price of $16.41 per share under such forward sale agreement for net proceeds of approximately $32.3 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.4 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,983,711 Class A OP Units.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had fully settled the forward sale agreement.

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On October 25, 2023, the Company entered into a $300.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2023 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, it may sell shares of its common stock in registered transactions. Effective October 24, 2023, in connection with the establishment of the new at-the-market offering program, the 2021 ATM Program was terminated.

On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a forward sale agreement with respect to 107,500 shares of its common stock under the 2023 ATM Program, at a public offering price of $18.29 per share. As of September 30, 2024, 107,500 shares remain unsettled under the forward sale agreement. The Company may physically settle this forward sale agreement (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares on one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than April 12, 2025.

During April 2024, the Company entered into forward sale agreements with respect to an aggregate 1,635,600 shares of its common stock under the 2023 ATM Program at a weighted average price of $17.63 per share. As of September 30, 2024, 1,635,600 shares remain unsettled under the forward sale agreements. The Company may physically settle the forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares on one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than April 12, 2025.

On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into a $300.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2024 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, it may sell shares of its common stock in registered transactions. Effective August 12, 2024, in connection with the establishment of the new at-the-market offering program, the 2023 ATM Program was terminated. As context requires, the 2024 ATM Program, the 2023 ATM Program, and the 2021 ATM Program are referred herein as the "ATM Programs."

During August and September 2024, the Company entered into forward sale agreements with respect to 152,547 shares of its common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, at a public offering price of $17.13 per share. The Company may physically settle the forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares on one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than October 20, 2025.

The following table presents information about the ATM Programs (in thousands):


			Maximum Sales Authorization		Gross Settlements through September 30, 2024 (1)
Program Name	Date Established	Date Terminated
2021 ATM Program	September 2021	October 2023	$	250,000	$	249,122
2023 ATM Program (2)	October 2023	August 2024	$	300,000	$	77,323
2024 ATM Program (3)	August 2024	—	$	300,000	$	—

(1) Represents shares of common stock issued by the Company under the ATM Programs, including settlements of forward sale agreements.

(2) As of September 30, 2024, 1,743,100 shares remain unsettled under the forward sale agreements at the available net settlement price of $17.53.

(3) As of September 30, 2024, 152,547 shares remain unsettled under the forward sale agreements at the available net settlement price of $16.95.

January 2024 Follow-On Offering

In January 2024, the Company completed a registered public offering of 11,040,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. In connection with the offering, the Company entered into forward sale agreements for 11,040,000 shares of its common stock. The Company did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the forward purchasers. On September 26, 2024, the Company partially physically settled 2,200,000 shares of common stock at a price of $17.22 per share in accordance with the forward sale agreements. The Company received net proceeds from the settlement of $37.8 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs of $1.8 million. The Company contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 2,200,000 Class A OP Units. As of September 30, 2024, 8,840,000 shares remain unsettled under the January 2024 forward sale agreements.

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Surrendered Shares on Vested Stock Unit Awards

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, portions of restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) granted to certain of the Company’s officers, directors, and employees vested. The vesting of these awards, granted pursuant to the NETSTREIT Corp. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Incentive Plan”), resulted in federal and state income tax liabilities for the recipients. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, as permitted by the terms of the Omnibus Incentive Plan and the award grants, certain executive officers and employees elected to surrender an approximate total of 77 thousand and 25 thousand RSUs, respectively, valued at approximately $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, solely to pay the associated statutory tax withholding. The surrendered RSUs are included in the row entitled “repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations” in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Dividends

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company declared and paid the following common stock dividends (in thousands, except per share data):


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
February 13, 2024	$	0.205	March 15, 2024	$	15,031	March 28, 2024
April 23, 2024	0.205		June 3, 2024	15,042		June 14, 2024
July 23, 2024	0.210		September 3, 2024	16,251		September 13, 2024
	$	0.620		$	46,324

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company declared and paid the following common stock dividends (in thousands, except per share data):


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
February 21, 2023	$	0.200	March 15, 2023	$	11,650	March 30, 2023
April 25, 2023	0.200		June 1, 2023	12,173		June 15, 2023
July 24, 2023	0.205		September 1, 2023	13,768		September 15, 2023
	$	0.605		$	37,591

The holders of OP Units are entitled to an equal distribution per each OP Unit held as of each record date. Accordingly, during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Operating Partnership paid distributions of $0.3 million to holders of OP Units.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent noncontrolling holders of OP Units in the Operating Partnership. OP Units are convertible into common stock as the OP Units may be redeemed for cash or, at the Company’s election, exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, noncontrolling interests represented 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively, of OP Units. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, OP Unit holders redeemed 12,102 and 19,932 OP Units, respectively, into shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, OP Unit holders redeemed 54,342 and 25,626 OP Units, respectively, into shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis.

Note 10 – Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Omnibus Incentive Plan, 2,094,976 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. The Omnibus Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, RSUs, long-term incentive plan units, dividend equivalent rights, and other share-based, share-related or cash-based awards, including performance-based awards, to employees, directors and consultants, with each grant evidenced by an award agreement providing the terms of the award. The Omnibus Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

As of September 30, 2024, the only stock-based compensation granted by the Company were RSUs. The total amount of stock-based compensation costs recognized in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income was $1.4 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended

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September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was $4.7 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All awards of unvested restricted stock units are expected to fully vest over the next one to five years.

Performance-Based RSUs (effectiveness of Initial Public Offering)

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company made performance-based RSUs to certain employees and non-employee directors. The performance condition required the Company to effectively file a resale registration statement. Up until the point of filing the registration statement, performance was not deemed probable and accordingly, no RSUs had the capability of vesting and no stock-based compensation expense was recorded. As a result of the Company's initial public offering in August 2020, the performance condition was satisfied and the Company recorded a stock-based compensation expense catch-up adjustment of $1.4 million. The vesting terms of these grants are specific to the individual grant and are expected to fully vest during the current year.

The following table summarizes performance-based RSU activity for the period ended September 30, 2024:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of December 31, 2023	30,379	$	19.75
Granted during the period	—	—
Forfeited during the period	—	—
Vested during the period	—	—
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of September 30, 2024	30,379	$	19.75

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized less than $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expense associated with performance-based RSUs. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled less than $0.1 million, and as of September 30, 2024, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 0.2 years. These units are subject to graded vesting and stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each vesting tranche in the award.

The grant date fair value of unvested RSUs is calculated as the per share price in the private offering that closed on December 23, 2019.

Service-Based RSUs

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company has made service-based RSU grants to certain employees and non-employee directors. The vesting terms of these grants are specific to the individual grant and vest in equal annual installments over the next one to five years.

The following table summarizes service-based RSU activity for the period ended September 30, 2024:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of December 31, 2023	298,108	$	19.79
Granted during the period	200,140	17.33
Forfeited during the period	(1,034)	18.10
Vested during the period	(169,502)	19.58
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of September 30, 2024	327,712	$	18.40

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $0.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense associated with service-based RSUs. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled $4.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively, and as of September 30, 2024, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 1.9 years. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award.

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The grant date fair value of service-based unvested RSUs is calculated as the per share price determined in the initial public offering for awards granted in 2020, and as the per share price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant for those granted in years subsequent to 2020.

Performance-Based RSUs (total shareholder return)

Pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company has made market-based RSU grants to certain employees. These grants are subject to the participant’s continued service over a three year period with 40% of the award based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) as compared to the TSR of identified peer companies and 60% of the award based on total absolute TSR over the cumulative three year period. The performance period of these grants runs through February 28, 2025, February 28, 2026, and December 31, 2026. Grant date fair value of the market-based share awards was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model, which incorporated stock price volatility of the Company and each of the Company’s peers and other variables over the performance period. Significant inputs for the current period calculation were expected volatility of the Company of 24.9% and expected volatility of the Company's peers, ranging from 19.9% to 49.4%, with an average volatility of 27.1% and a risk-free interest rate of 4.41%. The fair value per share on the grant date specific to the target TSR relative to the Company’s peers was $18.03 and the target absolute TSR was $14.56 for a weighted average grant date fair value of $15.77 per share. Stock-based compensation expense associated with unvested market-based share awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the minimum required service period, which is three years.

The following table summarizes market-based RSU activity for the period ended September 30, 2024:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of December 31, 2023	258,558	$	20.38
Granted during the period	169,002	16.05
Forfeited during the period	(75,229)	17.26
Vested during the period	(46,660)	20.36
Unvested RSU grants outstanding as of September 30, 2024	305,671	$	18.76

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense associated with market-based RSUs. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense totaled $3.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and as of September 30, 2024, these awards are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.0 years.

Alignment of Interest Program

During March 2021, the Company adopted the Alignment of Interest Program (the “Program”), which allows employees to elect to receive a portion of their annual bonus in RSUs in the first quarter of the following year, that vests from one to four years based on the terms of the grant agreement. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award, which begins in the period the bonus relates. The Program is deemed to be a liability-classified award (accounted for as an equity-classified award as the service date precedes the grant date and the award would otherwise be classified as equity on grant date), which will be fair-valued and accrued over the applicable service period. The total estimated fair value of the elections made for 2024 under the Program was approximately $1.7 million. The award will be remeasured to fair value each reporting period until the unvested RSUs are granted. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards. Previous awards under the Program that have been granted are included within service-based RSUs above.

Note 11 – (Loss) Earnings Per Share

Net (loss) income per common share has been computed pursuant to the guidance in the FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is similarly calculated except that the denominator is increased by using the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of the Company’s outstanding unvested RSUs and unsettled shares under open forward equity contracts and using the if-converted method to determine the potential dilutive effect of the OP Units. The Company has noncontrolling interests in the form of OP Units which are convertible into common stock and represent potentially dilutive securities, as the OP Units may be redeemed for cash or, at the Company’s election, exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis.

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The following table is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest	27		(24)		35		(32)
Net (loss) income attributable to common shares, basic	(5,295)		4,215		(6,541)		4,896
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(27)		24		(35)		32
Net (loss) income attributable to common shares, diluted	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	77,610,680		67,112,587		74,822,286		62,123,334
Effect of dilutive shares for diluted net income per common share:
OP Units	—		501,987		—		507,014
Unvested RSUs	—		173,001		—		167,215
Unsettled shares under open forward equity contracts	—		260,794		—		100,394
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	77,610,680		68,048,369		74,822,286		62,897,957

Net (loss) income available to common stockholders per common share, basic	$	(0.07)	$	0.06	$	(0.09)	$	0.08
Net (loss) income available to common stockholders per common share, diluted	$	(0.07)	$	0.06	$	(0.09)	$	0.08

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, diluted net loss per common share does not assume the conversion of 433,942 OP Units, 115,703 unvested RSUs, or 10,219 unsettled shares under open forward equity contracts as such conversion would be antidilutive.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, diluted net loss per common share does not assume the conversion of 450,952 OP Units, 117,761 unvested RSUs, or 311,475 unsettled shares under open forward equity contracts, as such conversion would be antidilutive.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 424,956 and 479,298 of OP Units outstanding, respectively.

Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

In the ordinary course of business, from time to time, the Company may be subject to litigation, claims and regulatory matters, none of which are currently outstanding, which the Company believes could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity or cash flows.

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to environmental regulations related to the ownership of real estate. The cost of complying with the environmental regulations was not material to the Company’s results of operations for any of the periods presented. The Company is not aware of any environmental condition on any of its properties that is likely to have a material adverse effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements when the fair value of such liability can be reasonably estimated and is required to be recognized.

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Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various types of commitments to purchase real estate properties, fund development projects, or extend funds under mortgage notes receivable. These commitments are generally subject to the Company’s customary due diligence process and, accordingly, a number of specific conditions must be met before the Company is obligated to purchase or extend funding. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had tenant improvement allowance commitments totaling approximately $5.1 million, which is expected to be funded within the next two years. Additionally, as of September 30, 2024, the Company had commitments to fund properties under development totaling $11.2 million, which is expected to be funded over the next nine months. The Company also had commitments to extend funds under mortgage notes receivable of $13.5 million as of September 30, 2024, which is expected to occur over the next 12 months.

In August 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement on a new corporate office space, which is classified as an operating lease. The Company began operating out of the new office in February 2022. The lease has a remaining noncancellable term of 7.8 years that expires on July 31, 2032 and is renewable at the Company’s option for two additional periods of five years. Annual rent expense, excluding operating expenses, is approximately $0.5 million during the initial term.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company did not have any other material commitments for re-leasing costs, recurring capital expenditures, non-recurring building improvements, or similar types of costs.

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the date on which these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued to determine whether any of these events required disclosure in the financial statements.

Common Stock Dividend

On October 18, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.21 per share for the fourth quarter of 2024. The dividend will be paid on December 13, 2024 to shareholders of record on December 2, 2024.

Revolver Activity

In October 2024, the Company paid $32.0 million on the Revolver.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning our business and growth strategies, investment, financing and leasing activities and trends in our business, including trends in the market for single-tenant, retail commercial real estate. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “likely,” “will,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore such statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be achieved. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact future results, performance or transactions, see the information under the heading “Risk Factors” Part I, Item 1A. in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 14, 2024, and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time.

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Forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. New risks and uncertainties may arise over time and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except to the extent otherwise required by law.

Business Overview

We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns, and manages a diversified portfolio of single-tenant, retail commercial real estate subject to long-term net leases with high credit quality tenants across the United States. We also invest in property developments and mortgage loans secured by real estate. As of September 30, 2024, we owned or had investments in 671 single-tenant retail net leased properties that were diversified by tenant, industry and geography, including 93 different tenants, across 26 retail sectors in 45 states. This excludes eight property developments where rent has yet to commence. We focus on tenants in industries where a physical location is critical to the generation of sales and profits, with a focus on necessity goods and essential services in the retail sector, including home improvement, auto parts, drug stores and pharmacies, general retail, grocers, convenience stores, discount stores, and quick-service restaurants, all of which we refer to as defensive retail industries. As of September 30, 2024, our investments generated ABR1 of $157.0 million. Approximately 61% of our ABR is from investment grade2 credit rated tenants and an additional 14% of our ABR is derived from tenants with an investment grade profile3. Exclusive of mortgage loans receivable, our portfolio was 100% occupied with a weighted average remaining lease term (“WALT”) of 9.5 years, which we believe provides us with a strong stable source of recurring cash flow from our portfolio.

January Follow-On Offering

In January 2024, we completed a registered public offering of 11,040,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. In connection with the offering, we entered into forward sale agreements for 11,040,000 shares of our common stock. We did not initially receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the forward purchasers.

On September 26, 2024, we partially physically settled 2,200,000 shares of common stock at a price of $17.22 per share in accordance with the forward sale agreements. We received net proceeds from the settlement of $37.8 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs of $1.8 million. As of September 30, 2024, 8,840,000 shares remain unsettled under the January 2024 forward sale agreements.

2024 ATM Program

On August 12, 2024, we entered into a $300.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2024 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, we may sell shares of our common stock in registered transactions.

During August and September 2024, we entered into forward sale agreements with respect to 152,547 shares of our common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, at a public offering price of $17.13 per share. As of September 30, 2024, 152,547 shares remain unsettled under the forward sale agreements. We may physically settle these forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares on one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than October 20, 2025.

2023 ATM Program

On October 25, 2023, we entered into a $300.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2023 ATM Program”) through which, from time to time, we may sell shares of our common stock in registered transactions. During 2024, we entered into forward sale agreements for an aggregate of 1,743,100 shares of our common stock under the 2023 ATM Program at a weighted average price of $17.67 per share, none of which have been physically settled as of September 30, 2024. We may physically settle the forward sale agreements (by the delivery of shares of common stock) and receive proceeds from the sale of those shares upon one or more forward settlement dates, which shall occur no later than April 12, 2025.

1 Annualized base rent (“ABR”) is annualized base rent as of September 30, 2024, for all leases that commenced, and annualized cash interest on mortgage loans receivable in place as of that date.

2 We define “investment grade” tenants as tenants, or tenants that are subsidiaries of a parent entity, with a credit rating of BBB- (S&P/Fitch), Baa3 (Moody's) or NAIC2 (National Association of Insurance Commissioners) or higher.

3 We define “investment grade profile” tenants as tenants with metrics of more than $1.0 billion in annual sales and a debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio of less than 2.0x but do not carry a published rating from S&P, Moody’s or NAIC.

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2021 ATM Program

On September 1, 2021, we entered into a $250.0 million at-the-market equity program (the “2021 ATM Program”). On September 14, 2023, we entered into a forward sale agreement with respect to 7,500,000 shares of our common stock under the 2021 ATM Program. On September 26, 2024, we physically settled 1,983,711 shares of common stock at a price of $16.41 per share under such forward sale agreement for net proceeds of approximately $32.3 million, net of sales commissions and offering costs of $0.4 million. As of September 30, 2024, we had fully settled the forward sale agreement.

Results of Operations

Overall

We continued to grow our assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 through the acquisition of properties, property developments, and investment in mortgage loans receivable. This growth was financed through a $100.0 million draw on our $250.0 million sustainably-linked senior unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”), settlement of shares of common stock through our forward sale agreements in an amount of $135.4 million, the usage of cash balances as a result of borrowings on our Revolver, the usage of restricted cash balances as a result of tax-free exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and cash flows from operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Acquisitions

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we acquired 22 properties for a total purchase price of $111.5 million, inclusive of $1.1 million of capitalized acquisition costs. The acquisitions were all accounted for as asset acquisitions. These properties are located in 10 states with a WALT of approximately 12.1 years. The underwritten weighted-average capitalization rate on our second quarter acquisitions was approximately 7.3%.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we acquired 68 properties for a total purchase price of $302.3 million, inclusive of $2.8 million of capitalized acquisition costs. The acquisitions were all accounted for as asset acquisitions. These properties are located in 24 states with a WALT of approximately 13.2 years. The underwritten weighted-average capitalization rate on our year to date acquisitions was approximately 7.3%.

Development

As of September 30, 2024, we had six property developments under construction. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we invested $5.0 million in property developments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we invested $27.9 million in property developments, including the land acquisition of four new developments with a combined initial purchase price of $2.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we completed development on 16 projects and reclassified approximately $47.8 million from property under development to land, buildings and improvements, and other assets (leasing commissions) in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rent commenced for 14 of the completed developments during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, while rent is expected to commence for the other two completed developments in the fourth quarter of 2024. The remaining six developments are expected to be substantially completed with rent commencing at various points throughout the fourth quarter of 2024 and the first quarter of 2025. The purchase price, including acquisition costs, and subsequent development are included in property under development in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024.

Dispositions

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we sold eight properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $23.0 million, recognizing a net loss of $0.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 26 properties for a total sales price, net of disposal costs, of $55.6 million, recognizing a net gain of $0.9 million.

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Investment in Mortgage Loans Receivable

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we invested an additional $21.0 million and $39.0 million, respectively, in fully collateralized mortgage loans receivable with stated interest rates ranging from 6.9% to 13.1%, inclusive of $12.7 million provided through seller financing transactions for both periods presented. In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we collected $8.9 million and $11.3 million, respectively, in principal on our mortgage loans receivable. The mortgage loans receivable are collateralized by real estate, primarily leased by investment grade credit rated tenants. The funds provided under the loans, in addition to discount and loan origination costs, net of loan origination fees of less than $0.2 million, are included in mortgage loans receivable, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024. See “Note 4 - Real Estate Investments” in “Item 1 - Financial Statements (unaudited)” for further discussion on our mortgage loans receivable portfolio.

Economic and Financial Environment

The annual inflation rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 2.4% and 3.7%, respectively. While the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in an effort to lower inflation throughout 2022 and the first half of 2023, rates had remained unchanged for nearly a year until the first rate cut occurred in September 2024. There continues to be uncertainty in 2024 as to whether rates will be maintained or further cut, and the timing of potential cuts, leading to uncertainties in the financing market and broader economy.

In the commercial real estate market, property prices generally continue to fluctuate, which may impact our investment capitalization rates and operating costs. Likewise, during certain periods, including the current market, the credit markets have experienced significant price volatility, dislocations, and liquidity disruptions, which may impact our access to and cost of capital. We continually monitor the commercial real estate and credit markets carefully and, if required, will make decisions to adjust our business strategy accordingly.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our operating results for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Revenues
Rental revenue (including reimbursable)	$	38,172	$	31,167
Interest income on loans receivable	$	3,272	$	2,244
Other revenue	—		550
Total revenues	41,444		33,961
Operating expenses
Property	4,494		3,883
General and administrative	4,287		5,133
Depreciation and amortization	20,438		15,804
Provisions for impairment	9,838		1,538
Transaction costs	26		143
Total operating expenses	39,083		26,501
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(7,965)		(3,946)
(Loss) gain on sales of real estate, net	(132)		373

Other income, net	416		367
Total other expense, net	(7,681)		(3,206)
Net (loss) income before income taxes	(5,320)		4,254
Income tax expense	(2)		(15)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239

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Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $7.4 million to $41.4 million from $34.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which is attributed to an increase in the number of our operating leases and properties securing our mortgage loans. The increase includes additional cash rental receipts of $6.8 million, an increase of $1.0 million related to interest income on mortgage loans receivable, and an increase of $0.5 million in straight-line rental revenue. The increase in revenue is offset by $0.6 million in other revenue recognized in the prior year related to the receipt of legal settlement proceeds associated with a lease termination, combined with net decreases of property expense reimbursements of $0.4 million.

Total operating expenses. Total expenses increased by $12.6 million to $39.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $26.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in the number of operating properties, with the most significant increases being depreciation and amortization expense, provisions for impairment, and property-specific reimbursable expenses. The increase is offset by a decrease in payroll related costs. Total operating expenses include the following:

•Property expenses. Property expenses increased $0.6 million to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to the increase in the number of operating properties, including combined net increases of reimbursable property expenses of $0.6 million, of which $0.3 million, $0.1 million, and $0.2 million were related to reimbursable common area maintenance costs, reimbursable property insurance, and reimbursable property taxes, respectively.

•General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased $0.8 million to $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decreases within general and administrative expense were primarily related to decreases of $0.3 million of payroll expenses and $0.7 million of bonus expenses, offset by other combined net increases of $0.2 million. While our general and administrative expenses will continue to rise in some measure as our portfolio grows, we expect that such expenses as a percentage of our portfolio will decrease over time due to efficiencies and economies of scale.

•Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.6 million to $20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $15.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in depreciation and amortization is proportionate to the increase in the size of the portfolio over the comparable period with associated increases primarily in building depreciation expense of $2.5 million, building improvements depreciation expense of $0.9 million, and in-place lease amortization expense of $0.9 million.

•Provision for impairment. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded provisions for impairment of $9.8 million on 18 properties, the majority of which were newly classified as held-for-sale or disposed of during the three months ended September 30, 2024. Three of the properties were held for investment as of September 30, 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded provisions for impairment of $1.5 million on seven properties, which were either previously classified as held-for-sale, newly classified as held-for-sale, or disposed of during the three months ended September 30, 2023. These disposals relate to management’s continuous assessment of our portfolio in an effort to improve returns and manage risk exposure.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense increased by $4.1 million to $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase of $1.2 million of interest incurred under our $250.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”), an increase of $1.0 million of interest incurred under our $175.0 million senior unsecured term loan (the “2027 Term Loan”), an increase of $1.5 million of interest incurred under our Revolver primarily due to a increase in average borrowings outstanding during the respective periods, and a decrease of $0.3 million of interest capitalized on our property developments.

(Loss) gain on sales of real estate, net. Net loss on sales of real estate increased by $0.5 million to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from a $0.4 million net gain for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The table below summarizes the properties sold for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Number of properties sold	8		4
Sales price, net of disposal costs	$	23,018	$	7,224
(Loss) gain on sales of real estate, net	$	(132)	$	373

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Other income (expense), net. The change in other income (expense), net is primarily related to a $0.2 million decrease in interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances as presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, offset by a $0.3 million increase in insurance proceeds associated with property damages related to flooding.

Net (loss) income. Net (loss) income decreased $9.5 million to a net loss of $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from net income of $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Net (loss) income decreased primarily due to increases in interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and provisions for impairment, as set forth above. These decreases are offset by increases in additional rental revenues primarily due to the growth in the size of our real estate investment portfolio, in addition to increased interest income associated with our mortgage loans receivable.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our operating results for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Revenues
Rental revenue (including reimbursable)	$	110,226	$	89,347
Interest income on loans receivable	8,458		5,145
Other revenue	—		550
Total revenues	118,684		95,042
Operating expenses
Property	12,578		11,350
General and administrative	15,266		15,299
Depreciation and amortization	56,522		46,599
Provisions for impairment	17,336		4,374
Transaction costs	201		267
Total operating expenses	101,903		77,889
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(21,749)		(13,412)
Gain on sales of real estate, net	874		669
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		(128)
Other (expense) income, net	(2,451)		586
Total other expense, net	(23,326)		(12,285)
Net (loss) income before income taxes	(6,545)		4,868
Income tax (expense) benefit	(31)		60
Net (loss) income	$	(6,576)	$	4,928

Revenue. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $23.7 million to $118.7 million from $95.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is attributed to an increase in the number of our operating leases and properties securing our mortgage loans. The increase includes additional cash rental receipts of $20.2 million, an increase of $3.3 million related to interest income on mortgage loans receivable, and an increase of $1.0 million in straight-line rental revenue, offset by $0.6 million of combined net decreases of property expense reimbursements.

Total operating expenses. Total expenses increased by $24.0 million to $101.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $77.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in the number of operating properties, with the most significant increases being depreciation and amortization expense, provisions for impairment, and property-specific reimbursable expenses. Total operating expenses include the following:

•Property expenses. Property expenses increased $1.2 million to $12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to the increase in the number of operating properties, including combined net increases of reimbursable property expenses of $0.8 million, of which $0.7 million was related to reimbursable property taxes, and combined net increases of non-reimbursable property expenses of $0.4 million, of which $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million were related to common area maintenance costs, property insurance, and property taxes, respectively.

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•General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $15.3 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The net changes within general and administrative expense were primarily related to decreases of $0.7 million of payroll expenses and $1.1 million of bonus expenses, and decreases of $0.3 million of corporate insurance premiums, offset by increases in employee severance of $1.5 million, including cash severance of $1.0 million and the expense associated with the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation of $0.5 million, and an increase of $0.6 million of stock-based compensation. While our general and administrative expenses will continue to rise in some measure as our portfolio grows, we expect that such expenses as a percentage of our portfolio will decrease over time due to efficiencies and economies of scale.

•Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $9.9 million to $56.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $46.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in depreciation and amortization is proportionate to the increase in the size of the portfolio over the comparable period with associated increases primarily in building depreciation expense of $5.9 million, building improvements depreciation expense of $1.9 million, in-place lease amortization expense of $1.5 million, leasehold improvements depreciation expense of $0.3 million, and amortization of leasing commissions of $0.3 million.

•Provision for impairment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded provisions for impairment of $17.3 million on 40 properties, the majority of which were either previously classified as held-for-sale, newly classified as held-for-sale or disposed of during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Nine of the properties were held for investment as of September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded provisions for impairment of $4.4 million on 10 properties, which were either previously classified as held-for-sale, newly classified as held-for-sale, or disposed of during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. These disposals relate to management’s continuous assessment of our portfolio in an effort to improve returns and manage risk exposure.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense increased by $8.3 million to $21.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase of $6.6 million of interest incurred under our 2029 Term Loan, an increase of $2.5 million of interest incurred under our 2027 Term Loan, an increase of $0.5 million of interest incurred under our Revolver primarily due to an increase in average borrowings outstanding during the respective periods, and an increase of $0.5 million of loan fee amortization. This is offset by $1.8 million in amortization of deferred gains on interest rate swaps.

Gain on sales of real estate, net. Net gain on sales of real estate increased by $0.2 million to $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The table below summarizes the properties sold for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Number of properties sold	26		14
Sales price, net of disposal costs	$	55,559	$	26,523
Gain on sales of real estate, net	$	874	$	669

Other (expense) income, net. Other (expense) income, net increased by $3.1 million to $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The net increase to expense is primarily related to a transfer fraud loss of $2.8 million, net of insurance recoveries, $0.9 million of losses associated with property damages related to flooding and foundation issues, offset by $0.5 million of proceeds received from the settlement of a lease escrow agreement.

Net (loss) income. Net (loss) income decreased $11.5 million to a net loss of $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from net income of $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net (loss) income decreased primarily due to increases in interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, provisions for impairment, and net expense associated with the transfer fraud loss, as set forth above. These decreases are offset by increases in additional rental revenues primarily due to the growth in the size of our real estate investment portfolio, in addition to increased interest income associated with our mortgage loans receivable.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary capital requirements are to fund property acquisitions and developments, fund investments in mortgage loans receivable and required interest payments, and fund working capital needs, operating expenses, and capital expenditures. Our capital resources primarily consist of cash from operations, sales of equity securities and available borrowing facilities. As of September 30, 2024, we had $175.0 million outstanding principal amount under the senior unsecured term loan (the “2027 Term Loan”), $200.0 million outstanding principal amount under the senior unsecured term loan (the “2028 Term Loan”), $250.0 million outstanding principal amount under the 2029 Term Loan, and $150.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our $400.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”). Additionally, as of September 30, 2024, we had $30.6 million and $2.6 million of unsettled forward equity under the 2023 ATM Program and 2024 ATM Program, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, $300.0 million of remaining gross proceeds were available for future issuances of shares of our common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, inclusive of unsettled shares under forward sale agreements. Lastly, we had $152.3 million of unsettled forward equity under the January 2024 forward sale agreements as of September 30, 2024.

We believe the availability of proceeds from the settlement of unsettled outstanding forward sale agreements, future issuances of shares of our common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, or subsequent at-the-market sale programs, as well as our cash flows from operations and available borrowing capacity under the Revolver, will be adequate to support our ongoing operations and to fund our debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate funding our long-term capital needs through cash provided from operations, borrowings under our Revolver, and issuances of common stock.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of September 30, 2024, our contractual debt obligations primarily include the maturity of our 2027 Term Loan with the scheduled principal payment due on January 15, 2026, the maturity of our 2028 Term Loan with the scheduled principal payment due on February 11, 2028, the maturity of our 2029 Term Loan with the scheduled principal payment due on July 3, 2026, and the repayment of borrowings on our Revolver with a contractual maturity of August 11, 2026. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we borrowed $251.0 million at a weighted average interest rate of 6.49% and also repaid $181.0 million on our Revolver.

The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Payment Due by Period
	Total		Remainder of 2024		2025 - 2026		2027 - 2028		Thereafter
Contractual Obligations
2027 Term Loan – Principal	$	175,000	$	—	$	175,000	$	—	$	—
2027 Term Loan – Variable interest (1)	8,039		1,396		6,643		—		—
2028 Term Loan – Principal	200,000		—		—		200,000		—
2028 Term Loan – Variable interest (2)	26,112		1,940		15,521		8,651		—
2029 Term Loan – Principal	250,000		—		250,000		—		—
2029 Term Loan – Variable interest (3)	21,864		3,116		18,748		—		—
Revolver – Borrowings	150,000		—		150,000		—		—
Revolver – Variable interest	16,582		2,228		14,354		—		—
Facility Fee (4)	1,117		150		967		—		—
Mortgage Note – Principal	8,245		44		348		7,853		—
Mortgage Note – Interest	1,141		93		726		322		—
Property development under contract	11,207		8,017		3,190		—		—
Additional principal under mortgage notes receivable	13,534		1,265		12,269		—		—
Tenant improvement allowances	5,089		1,000		4,089		—		—
Corporate office lease obligations	5,427		157		1,289		1,359		2,622
Total	$	893,357	$	19,406	$	653,144	$	218,185	$	2,622

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(1) We entered into five interest rate hedges to fix the base interest rate (daily SOFR) on our 2027 Term Loan. The hedged fixed rate reset effective November 27, 2023 to 1.87% and will reset again effective December 23, 2024 to 2.40%. Accordingly, the projected interest rate obligations for the variable rate 2027 Term Loan are based on the hedged fixed rate of 1.87% through December 23, 2024, and 2.40% thereafter, compared to the variable 2027 Term Loan daily SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 4.83%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, and applicable margin of 1.15% based on the $175.0 million 2027 Term Loan outstanding through the contractual maturity date of January 15, 2026.

(2) We entered into three interest rate hedges to fix the base interest rate (one-month SOFR) on our 2028 Term Loan. Accordingly, the projected interest rate obligations for the variable rate 2028 Term Loan are based on the hedged fixed rate of 2.63% compared to the variable 2028 Term Loan one-month SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 5.20%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15% based on the $200.0 million 2028 Term Loan outstanding through the maturity date of February 11, 2028.

(3) We entered into four interest rate hedges to fix the base interest rate (daily SOFR) on our 2029 Term Loan. Accordingly, the projected interest rate obligations for the variable rate 2029 Term Loan are based on the hedged fixed rate of 3.74% compared to the variable 2029 Term Loan daily SOFR rate as of September 30, 2024 of 4.83%, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and applicable margin of 1.15% based on the $250.0 million 2029 Term Loan outstanding through the contractual maturity date of July 3, 2026.

(4) We are subject to a facility fee of 0.15% on our Revolver.

In August 2021, we entered into a lease agreement on a new corporate office space, which is classified as an operating lease. We began operating out of the new office in February 2022. The lease has a remaining noncancellable term of 7.8 years that expires on July 31, 2032 and is renewable at our option for two additional periods of five years. Annual rent expense, excluding operating expenses, is approximately $0.5 million during the initial term.

Additionally, in the normal course of business, we enter into various types of commitments to purchase real estate properties, fund development projects, or extend funds under mortgage notes receivable. These commitments are generally subject to our customary due diligence process and, accordingly, a number of specific conditions must be met before we are obligated to purchase or extend funding. As of September 30, 2024, we had commitments to fund properties under development and extend funds under mortgage notes receivable totaling $11.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively. Funding of properties under development is expected to occur over the next 9 months and funding of mortgage notes receivable is expected to occur throughout 2024 and 2025.

Debt

See discussion of our debt and interest rate hedges included in “Note 6 - Debt” and “Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments” in “Item 1 - Financial Statements (unaudited).”

Historical Cash Flow Information

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
(In thousands)	(Unaudited)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	62,128	$	51,512
Investing activities	(319,379)		(345,731)
Financing activities	256,072		231,610

Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was largely attributed to the increase in the size of our real estate investment portfolio with an increase in rental receipts of $20.2 million, additional interest received under our mortgage loans receivable, offset primarily by an increase in cash interest paid of $10.0 million, increases in operating and general and administrative expenses paid associated with our larger portfolio, and further offset by changes in working capital accounts.

Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $26.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in cash invested in mortgage loans receivable of $39.3 million, an increase of $18.1 million from proceeds from the sale of real estate, an increase of $11.3 million in principal collections on mortgage loans receivable, and a decrease of $10.4 million in real estate development and improvements, offset by an increase of $5.4 million of earnest money deposits and an increase of $47.6 million in acquisitions of real estate.

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Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase in net borrowings of $141.0 million under our Revolver during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and a $3.3 million decrease in deferred financing costs. This increase is offset by a decrease in proceeds received of $50.0 million from term loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $59.4 million of less proceeds received in 2024 due to fewer issuances of common stock in connection with our 2021 ATM Program and settlements of common stock under forward sale agreements. Lastly, the increase is further offset by $8.7 million of additional common stock dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and a $0.8 million increase in the repurchase of common stock for tax withholding obligations.

Income Taxes

The Company elected to be treated and qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational, income, asset and distribution tests. Accordingly, the Company will generally not be subject to corporate U.S. federal or state income tax to the extent that it makes qualifying distributions of all of its taxable income to its stockholders and provided it satisfies on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements, including certain asset, income, distribution and share ownership tests. The Company intends to make sufficient distributions during 2024 to receive a full dividends paid deduction.

We maintain a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) which may be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes on its taxable income. In general, our TRS may perform services for tenants of the Company, hold assets that the Company cannot hold directly and may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their possible effects on our condensed consolidated financial statements is included in “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in “Item 1 – Financial Statements (unaudited).”

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting policies have been established to conform with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Management believes that we have made these estimates and assumptions in an appropriate manner and in a way that accurately reflects our financial condition. We continually test and evaluate these estimates and assumptions using our historical knowledge of the business, as well as other factors, to ensure that they are reasonable for reporting purposes. However, actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to the various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, thus resulting in a different presentation of the financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. A summary of our critical accounting policies is included in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. There have been no material changes to these policies during the periods covered by this quarterly report.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our reported results are presented in accordance with GAAP. We also disclose the following non-GAAP financial measures: Funds From Operations (“FFO”), Core FFO, Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”), earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), EBITDA further adjusted to exclude gains (or losses) from the sales of depreciable property and real estate impairment losses (“EBITDAre”), Adjusted EBITDAre, Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre, Net Debt, Adjusted Net Debt, property-level net operating income (“Property-Level NOI”), property-level cash net operating income (“Property-Level Cash NOI”), property-level cash net operating income estimated run rate (“Property-Level Cash NOI Estimated Run Rate”), and total property-level cash net operating income estimated run rate (“Total Property-Level Cash NOI Estimated Run Rate”), all of which are detailed below. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are industry measures used by analysts and investors to compare the operating performance of REITs.

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FFO, Core FFO and AFFO

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT"), an industry trade group, has promulgated a widely accepted non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance known as FFO. Our FFO is net income in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) resulting from dispositions of properties, plus depreciation and amortization and impairment charges on depreciable real property.

Core FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as FFO adjusted to remove the effect of unusual and non-recurring items that are not expected to impact our operating performance or operations on an ongoing basis. These include non-recurring executive transition costs, severance and related charges, other loss (gain), net, and loss on debt extinguishments and other related costs.

AFFO is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as Core FFO adjusted for GAAP net income related to non-cash revenues and expenses, such as straight-line rent, amortization of above- and below-market lease-related intangibles, amortization of lease incentives, capitalized interest expense and earned development interest, non-cash interest expense, non-cash compensation expense, amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of above/below-market assumed debt, and amortization of loan origination costs.

Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. In fact, real estate values historically have risen or fallen with market conditions. FFO is intended to be a standard supplemental measure of operating performance that excludes historical cost depreciation and valuation adjustments from net income. We consider FFO to be useful in evaluating potential property acquisitions and measuring operating performance.

We further consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to be useful in determining funds available for payment of distributions. FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not represent net income or cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP. You should not consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to be alternatives to net income as a reliable measure of our operating performance nor should you consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to be alternatives to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities (as defined by GAAP) as measures of liquidity.

FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not measure whether cash flow is sufficient to fund our cash needs, including principal amortization, capital improvements and distributions to stockholders. FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not represent cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as defined by GAAP. Further, FFO, Core FFO and AFFO as disclosed by other REITs might not be comparable to our calculations of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO for the periods presented to net income before allocation to noncontrolling interests, as computed in accordance with GAAP (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
Depreciation and amortization of real estate	20,360		15,726		56,286		46,379
Provisions for impairment	9,838		1,538		17,336		4,374
Loss (gain) on sales of real estate, net	132		(373)		(874)		(669)
FFO	25,008		21,130		66,172		55,012
Adjustments:
Non-recurring executive transition costs, severance and related charges	14		62		1,495		276
Loss on debt extinguishment and other related costs	—		—		—		223
Other non-recurring (gain) loss, net	(115)		(1)		3,077		(47)
Core FFO	24,907		21,191		70,744		55,464
Adjustments:
Straight-line rent adjustments	(749)		(245)		(1,829)		(707)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	558		578		1,673		1,165
Amortization of above/below-market assumed debt	29		29		86		86
Amortization of loan origination costs and discounts	(265)		26		(242)		83
Amortization of lease-related intangibles	(170)		(121)		(363)		(517)
Earned development interest	259		189		962		189
Capitalized interest expense	(130)		(404)		(709)		(688)
Non-cash interest expense	(990)		(1,134)		(2,948)		(1,134)
Non-cash compensation expense	1,376		1,280		4,128		3,559
AFFO	$	24,825	$	21,389	$	71,502	$	57,500

EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre

We compute EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization. In 2017, NAREIT issued a white paper recommending that companies that report EBITDA also report EBITDAre. We compute EBITDAre in accordance with the definition adopted by NAREIT. NAREIT defines EBITDAre as EBITDA (as defined above) excluding gains (or losses) from the sales of depreciable property and impairment charges on depreciable real property.

Adjusted EBITDAre is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as EBITDAre further adjusted to exclude straight-line rent, non-cash compensation expense, non-recurring executive transition costs, severance and related charges, loss on debt extinguishment and other related costs, other non-recurring loss (gain), net, other non-recurring expenses (income), lease termination fees, adjustment for construction in process, and adjustment for intraquarter activities. Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre is Adjusted EBITDAre multiplied by four.

We present EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre as they are measures commonly used in our industry. We believe that these measures are useful to investors and analysts because they provide supplemental information concerning our operating performance, exclusive of certain non-cash items and other costs. We use EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre as measures of our operating performance and not as measures of liquidity.

EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre do not include all items of revenue and expense included in net income, they do not represent cash generated from operating activities and they are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements; accordingly, they should not be considered alternatives to net income as a performance measure or cash flows from operations as a liquidity measure and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures. Additionally, our computation of EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre may differ from the methodology for calculating these metrics used by other equity REITs and, therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other equity REITs.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of EBITDA and EBITDAre for the periods presented to net income before allocation to noncontrolling interests, as computed in accordance with GAAP (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
Depreciation and amortization of real estate	20,360		15,726		56,286		46,379
Amortization of lease-related intangibles	(170)		(121)		(363)		(517)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization	78		78		236		220
Interest expense, net	7,965		3,946		21,749		13,412
Income tax expense (benefit)	2		15		31		(60)
Amortization of loan origination costs and discounts	(265)		26		(242)		83
EBITDA	22,648		23,909		71,121		64,445
Adjustments:
Provisions for impairment	9,838		1,538		17,336		4,374
Loss (gain) on sales of real estate, net	132		(373)		(874)		(669)
EBITDAre	$	32,618	$	25,074	$	87,583	$	68,150

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre for the period presented to net loss income before allocation to noncontrolling interests, as computed in accordance with GAAP (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	(Unaudited)
Net loss	$	(5,322)
Depreciation and amortization of real estate	20,360
Amortization of lease-related intangibles	(170)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization	78
Interest expense, net	7,965
Income tax expense	2
Amortization of loan origination costs and discounts	(265)
EBITDA	22,648
Adjustments:
Provisions for impairment	9,838
Loss on sales of real estate, net	132
EBITDAre	32,618
Adjustments:
Straight-line rent adjustments	(749)

Non-recurring executive transition costs, severance and related charges	14
Other non-recurring gain, net	(115)
Other non-recurring expenses, net	523
Non-cash compensation expense	1,376
Adjustment for construction in process (1)	258
Adjustment for intraquarter investment activities (2)	1,921
Adjusted EBITDAre	$	35,846

Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre (3)	$	143,384
Adjusted Net Debt / Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre	4.0

(1) Adjustment reflects the estimated cash yield on developments in process as of September 30, 2024.

(2) Adjustment assumes all re-leasing activity, investments in and dispositions of real estate, including developments completed during the three months ended September 30, 2024, had occurred on July 1, 2024.

(3) We calculate Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre by multiplying Adjusted EBITDAre by four.

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Net Debt and Adjusted Net Debt

We calculate our Net Debt as our principal amount of total debt outstanding excluding deferred financing costs, net discounts and debt issuance costs less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash available for future investment.

We further adjust Net Debt by the net value of unsettled forward equity as of period end to derive Adjusted Net Debt. We believe excluding cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash available for future investment from our principal amount in addition to excluding the net value of unsettled forward equity, all of which could be used to repay debt, provides an estimate of the net contractual amount of borrowed capital to be repaid. We believe these adjustments are additional beneficial disclosures to investors and analysts.

The following table reconciles the principal amount of total debt to Net Debt and Adjusted Net Debt (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024
Principal amount of total debt	$	783,245
Less: Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(28,750)
Net Debt	754,495
Less: Value of unsettled forward equity (1)	(185,474)
Adjusted Net Debt	$	569,021

(1) There were 10,735,647 unsettled shares under forward equity contracts as of September 30, 2024 at the available weighted-average net settlement price of $17.28.

Property-Level NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate, and Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate

Property-Level NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate, and Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate are non-GAAP financial measures which we use to assess our operating results. We compute Property-Level NOI as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding general and administrative expenses, interest expense (or income), income tax expense, transaction costs, depreciation and amortization, gains (or losses) on sales of depreciable property, real estate impairment losses, interest income on mortgage loans receivable, loss on debt extinguishment, lease termination fees and other expense (income), net. We further adjust Property-Level NOI for non-cash revenue components of straight-line rent and amortization of lease-intangibles to derive Property-Level Cash NOI. We further adjust Property-Level Cash NOI for intraquarter acquisitions, dispositions and completed development to derive Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate. We further adjust Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate for interest income on mortgage loans receivable and intraquarter mortgage loan activity to derive Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate. We believe Property-Level NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate, and Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate provide useful and relevant information because they reflect only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level and present such items on an unlevered basis.

Property-Level NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI, Property-Level Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate, and Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. You should not consider our measures as alternatives to net income or cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Property-Level NOI and Property-Level Cash NOI for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,322)	$	4,239	$	(6,576)	$	4,928
General and administrative	4,287		5,133		15,266		15,299
Depreciation and amortization	20,438		15,804		56,522		46,599
Provisions for impairment	9,838		1,538		17,336		4,374
Transaction costs	26		143		201		267
Interest expense, net	7,965		3,946		21,749		13,412
Loss (gain) on sales of real estate, net	132		(373)		(874)		(669)
Income tax expense (benefit)	2		15		31		(60)
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		128
Interest income on mortgage loans receivable	(3,272)		(2,244)		(8,458)		(5,145)
Lease termination fees	—		(550)		—		(550)
Other expense (income), net	107		(367)		2,451		(586)
Property-Level NOI	34,201		27,284		97,648		77,997
Straight-line rent adjustments	(749)		(245)		(1,829)		(707)
Amortization of lease-related intangibles	(170)		(121)		(363)		(517)
Property-Level Cash NOI	$	33,282	$	26,918	$	95,456	$	76,773
Adjustment for intraquarter acquisitions, dispositions and completed developments (1)	1,722
Property-Level Cash NOI Estimated Run Rate	35,004
Interest income on mortgage loans receivable	3,272
Adjustments for intraquarter mortgage loan activity (2)	199
Total Cash NOI - Estimated Run Rate	$	38,475

(1) Adjustment assumes all re-leasing activity, investments in and dispositions of real estate, including developments completed during the three months ended September 30, 2024, had occurred on July 1, 2024.

(2) Adjustment assumes all loan activity completed during the three months ended September 30, 2024 had occurred on July 1, 2024.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our future income, cash flows and fair value relevant to our financial instruments depend upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Based upon the nature of our operations, the principal market risk to which we are exposed is the risk related to interest rate fluctuations. As of September 30, 2024, we had total indebtedness of approximately $175.0 million under the 2027 Term Loan, $200.0 million under the 2028 Term Loan, $250.0 million under the 2029 Term Loan, and $150.0 million of borrowings under our Revolver, all of which is floating rate debt with a variable interest rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we had average daily outstanding borrowings on our Revolver of $105.9 million and $85.8 million, respectively.

Effective through the fully extended maturity dates of January 15, 2027, February 11, 2028, and January 3, 2029, we entered into interest rate derivative contracts in order to hedge our market interest risk associated with the 2027 Term Loan, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan, respectively. The interest rate derivative contracts convert the variable rate debt on the term loans to a fixed interest rate (as further described in “Note 6 - Debt” in our condensed consolidated financial statements).

Additionally, we will occasionally fund acquisitions through the use of our Revolver which bears an interest rate determined by either (i) SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.45%, based on our consolidated total leverage ratio, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.45%, based on our consolidated total leverage ratio. Many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors that are beyond our control contribute to our interest rate risk. Based on the results of our sensitivity analysis and daily outstanding borrowings on the Revolver during 2024, which assumes a 1% adverse change in the interest rate as of September 30, 2024, the estimated market risk exposure was approximately $0.9 million.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

At the end of the period covered by this report, the Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

During the period covered by this report, there were no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation described above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently subject to any lawsuits, claims, or other legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of the most significant factors that may adversely affect us, see the information under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report. These risk factors may not describe every risk facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Company Stock Repurchases

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.						Description
3.1						Conformed Articles of Amendment and Restatement of NETSTREIT Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022).

3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of NETSTREIT Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022).

31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS**						XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH***						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL***						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB***						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE***						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF***						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104**						Cover Page Interactive Data File.


*						Filed herewith.
**						The XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
***						Submitted electronically with the report.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

NETSTREIT Corp.

November 4, 2024

/s/ MARK MANHEIMER

Date

Mark Manheimer

President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

November 4, 2024

/s/ DANIEL DONLAN

Date

Daniel Donlan

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)