Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

AZITRA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

21 Business Park Drive

Branford, CT 06405

(203) 646-6446

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Francisco D. Salva

21 Business Park Drive

Branford, CT 06405

(203) 646-6446

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Up to 2,245,968 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Warrants

This prospectus relates to the offering and resale by the selling stockholders identified herein (the “Selling Stockholders”) of up to 2,245,968 shares (the “Warrant Shares”) of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) issuable upon exercise of Common Stock purchase warrants (the “Warrants”).

The Warrants were issued and sold to the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the letter agreement, dated February 6, 2025, that we entered into with the Selling Stockholders (the “Letter Agreement”). See “The February Transactions” section of this prospectus for a description of the Letter Agreement and the “Selling Stockholders” section of this prospectus for additional information regarding the Selling Stockholders. The prices at which the Selling Stockholders may resell the Warrant Shares offered hereby will be determined by the prevailing market price for the Common Stock or in negotiated transactions. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the Selling Stockholders. However, we may receive aggregate gross proceeds of up to approximately $1.2 million upon exercise of the Warrants for cash.

The Selling Stockholders may sell or otherwise dispose of the Warrant Shares described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See the “Plan of Distribution” section of this prospectus for more information about how the Selling Stockholders may sell or otherwise dispose of the Warrant Shares being registered pursuant to this prospectus. The Selling Stockholders may be deemed “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Selling Stockholders will pay all brokerage fees and commissions and similar expenses. We will pay the expenses (except brokerage fees and commissions and similar expenses) incurred in registering the Warrant Shares, including legal and accounting fees. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Our Common Stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “AZTR.” The last reported sale price of our Common Stock on the NYSE American on July 17, 2025, was $0.2275 per share.

You should read this prospectus, together with additional information described under the headings “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” carefully before you invest in any of our securities.

Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” on page 8 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is _____________, 2025.

Table of Contents

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized any other person to provide you with information different from or in addition to that contained in this prospectus, and neither we nor the Selling Stockholders take responsibility for any other information others may give you. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The Selling Stockholders are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or sale is not permitted. Except as otherwise stated, you should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus and that the information in any report incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of such report. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.

No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of our securities or possession or distribution of this prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.

As used in this prospectus, unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Azitra, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference observations, statistical data, estimates, and forecasts that are based on independent industry, government and non-government organization publications or other publicly available information, as well as other information based on our internal sources. Although we believe that the third-party sources referred to in this prospectus or incorporated by reference are reliable, estimates as they relate to projections involve numerous assumptions, are subject to risks and uncertainties, and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

Certain information in the text of this prospectus or incorporated by reference is contained in independent industry government and non-governmental organizational publications. The sources of these publications are provided below:

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Common Stock and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Before you decide to invest in our Common Stock, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 and the financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein.

Our Company

We are an early-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative therapies for precision dermatology using engineered proteins and topical live biotherapeutic products. We have built a proprietary platform that includes a microbial library comprised of approximately 1,500 unique bacterial strains that can be screened for unique therapeutic characteristics. The platform is augmented by an artificial intelligence and machine learning technology that analyzes, predicts and helps screen our library of strains for drug-like molecules. The platform also utilizes a licensed genetic engineering technology, which can enable the transformation of previously genetically intractable strains. Our initial focus is on the development of genetically engineered strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, or S. epidermidis, which we consider to be an optimal therapeutic candidate species for engineering of dermatologic therapies. The particular species demonstrates a number of well-described properties in the skin. As of the date of this prospectus, we have identified among our microbial library over 60 distinct bacterial species that we believe are capable of being engineered to create living organisms or engineered proteins with significant therapeutic effect.

We are a pioneer in genetically engineered bacteria for therapeutic use in dermatology. Our goal is to leverage our platforms and internal microbial library bacterial strains to create new therapeutics that are either engineered living organisms or engineered proteins or peptides to treat skin diseases. Our initial focus is on the development of our current programs, including:

We also have established partnerships with teams from Carnegie Mellon University and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, or Fred Hutch, two of the premier academic centers in the United States. Our collaboration with the Carnegie Mellon based team also takes advantage of the power of whole genome sequencing. This partnership is mining our proprietary library of bacterial strains for novel, drug like peptides and proteins. The artificial intelligence/machine learning technology developed by this team predicts the molecules made by microbes from their genetic sequences. The system then compares the predictions to the products actually made through tandem mass spectroscopy and/or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to refine future predictions. The predictions can be compared to publicly available 2D and 3D protein databases to select drug like structures.

We hold an exclusive, worldwide license from Fred Hutch regarding the use of its patented SyngenicDNA Minicircle Plasmid, or SyMPL, technologies for all fields of genetic engineering, including to discover, develop and commercialize engineered microbial therapies and microbial-derived peptides and proteins for skin diseases. We are utilizing our licensed patent rights to build plasmids in order to make genetic transformations that have never been previously achieved. To date, our team has successfully engineered our lead therapeutic candidates without the SyMPL technology. However, we believe that SyMPL will open up the ability to make genetic transformations of an expanded universe of microbial species, and we expect that some or all of our future product candidates will incorporate the SyMPL technology.

Our Strategy

Beyond our three lead product candidates and collaboration with Bayer, our goal is to develop a broad portfolio of product candidates focused on expanding the application of our platforms for precision dermatology. We believe that we have established a unique position in advancing the development of biologics for precision dermatology.

We intend to create a broad portfolio of product candidates for precision dermatology through our development of genetically engineered proteins selected from our proprietary microbial library of approximately 1,500 unique bacterial strains. Our strategy is as follows:

Our Intellectual Property

As of the date of this prospectus, we own three issued U.S. patents, twelve pending U.S. patent applications, three pending PCT applications and 58 other foreign patents and patent applications that are important to the development of our business.

Our Leadership Team

We are led by Francisco D. Salva, our chief executive officer, and Travis Whitfill Ph.D. MPH, our co-founder and chief operating officer, who have more than 35 years of combined experience in the management of biotechnology companies and healthcare investing. Mr. Salva was previously a co-founder of Acerta Pharma, which was sold to AstraZeneca for approximately $6.3 billion in a staged acquisition in 2016. He also worked on the turnaround of Pharmacyclics, which subsequently sold to Abbvie for approximately $21 billion in 2015. Before that, Mr. Salva spent almost a decade in life sciences venture capital. Dr. Whitfill served as associate research scientist and serves as assistant professor adjunct at Yale University with appointments in the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine. He spent nearly a decade in venture capital as a partner in a biotech-focused venture capital fund, Bios Partners. He has led numerous grant-funded projects, holds nearly a dozen patents and has co-authored over 60 publications. Our board of directors (the “Board”) is comprised of renowned group of senior executives, scientists and investors in the biotechnology industry.

Our Competitive Strengths

We are a pioneer in genetically engineering bacteria for therapeutic use in dermatology clinical trials. We have built a proprietary platform that includes a microbial library comprised of approximately 1,500 unique bacterial strains that are screened for therapeutic characteristics as well as lead drug candidates. Furthermore, we have exclusively licensed a novel technology, which potentially enables the genetic transformation of previously intractable bacterial microbes. The history of recombinant protein engineering in biotech has traditionally been limited to less than 20 species. Our licensed technology opens up the potential to genetically engineer thousands of microbial species to build proteins and peptides that have never been previously built. Our management team has significant experience in discovering, developing, manufacturing and commercializing therapeutics. The members of our leadership team have specialized expertise developed at companies including Pharmacyclics, Acerta Pharma, Castle Creek Biosciences, VYNE Therapeutics (fka Menlo Therapeutics), Revance Therapeutics, Biogen, Novartis and Connetics Corp.

Our Market Opportunity

We believe there are significant market opportunities to capture in each of our addressable markets. The dermatology market itself has shown considerable growth over the last decade and is predicted to continue to grow. According to Vision Research Reports, the dermatology drug market surpassed $17 billion in 2021 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 8.8% through 2030. Our first product candidate to emerge from our platform focuses on the orphan indication of Netherton syndrome. Based on the Barbati and Sun Studies, we believe that this product candidate represents a potential $250 million global sales opportunity by mid-2030. Our second product candidate focuses on papulopustular rash due to EGFR inhibitors. We believe this product candidate represents a potential $1 billion global sales opportunity by 2030. The diseases we intend to target are well characterized, often by a monogenic genetic mutation. Additionally, the era of genomic sequencing has ushered in unprecedented progress in genetic testing. The defined molecular pathophysiology of over 100 rare skin diseases has now been defined.

Our Corporate Information

We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on January 2, 2014. Our principal executive offices are located at 21 Business Park Drive, Branford, Connecticut 06405, and our telephone number is (203) 646-6446. Our website address is www.azitrainc.com. The information contained in, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus or in deciding whether to purchase our Common Stock or Warrants.

We own U.S. and foreign registered trademarks, including our company name. All other trademarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this prospectus are referred to without the symbols ® and ™, but such references should not be construed as any indication that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto.

Additional Information

For additional information related to our business and operations, please refer to the reports incorporated herein by reference, as described in the section entitled “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” in this prospectus.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, was enacted in April 2012 with the intention of encouraging capital formation in the United States and reducing the regulatory burden on newly public companies that qualify as “emerging growth companies.” We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various public reporting requirements, including:

We may take advantage of the exemptions under the JOBS Act discussed above until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (1) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have $1.235 billion or more in annual revenue; (2) the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (3) the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; or (4) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the IPO.

We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of the available benefits under the JOBS Act. We have chosen to take advantage of all of the other exemptions discussed above. Accordingly, the information contained herein and in our subsequent filing with the SEC may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.

Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $250 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, or (2) our annual revenues equaled or exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter.

February Transactions

See “The February Transactions” for a description of the February transactions and the Letter Agreement.

THE OFFERING

(1) The number of shares of our Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on approximately 20,676,354 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of July 18, 2025, and excludes:

Unless we indicate otherwise or unless the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus assumes the following:

RISK FACTORS

Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and set forth in the section “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”), as well as any amendment or update to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and all other information contained in this prospectus and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before you make a decision to invest in our securities. Please note that the risks highlighted here are not the only ones that we may face. For example, additional risks presently unknown to us or that we currently consider immaterial or unlikely to occur could also impair our operations. If any of the following events occur or any additional risks presently unknown to us actually occur, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our Common Stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to this Offering

As an investor, you may lose all of your investment.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you may never recoup all, or even part, of your investment and you may never realize any return on your investment. You must be prepared to lose all of your investment.

We will need additional financing to execute our business plan and fund operations, which additional financing may not be available on reasonable terms or at all.

As of March 31, 2025, we had total assets of $5,907,891 and working capital of approximately $2.6 million. We believe that our cash on hand as of the date of this prospectus will not be sufficient to cover our proposed plan of operations over, at least, the next 12 months. We intend to seek additional funds through various financing sources, including the sale of our equity, licensing fees for our technology and joint ventures with industry partners. In addition, we will consider alternatives to our current business plan that may enable to us to achieve revenue producing operations and meaningful commercial success with a smaller amount of capital. However, there can be no guarantees that such funds will be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to further pursue our business plan and we may be unable to continue operations, in which case you may lose your entire investment.

The report of our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2024 states that due to our accumulated deficit, recurring and negative cash flow from operations there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The market price of our Common Stock may be subject to fluctuation and volatility. You could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our Common Stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Since shares of our Common Stock were sold in our initial public offering (“IPO”) in June 2023 at a price of $150.00 per share, the reported high and low sales prices of our Common Stock have ranged from $155.40 to $0.2275 through July 17, 2025. The market price of our Common Stock on the NYSE American may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

These factors and any corresponding price fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of our shares and result in substantial losses being incurred by our investors. In the past, following periods of market volatility, public company stockholders have often instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could impose a substantial cost upon us and divert the resources and attention of our management from our business.

Our charter limits our ability to issue shares.

Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock. With 20,676,354 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, 41,608 options, and 16,698,593 warrants outstanding, as well as 7,457 shares reserved for issue under our 2016 equity plan and 1,209,734 shares reserved under our 2023 equity incentive plan, 179,323,646 shares of Common Stock remain issuable as of the date of this prospectus. The number of shares issued and outstanding may increase depending upon any additional issuances of shares and shares underlying warrants pursuant to the purchase agreement with Alumni Capital LP. Additional shares may become issuable with the expiration of currently outstanding warrants or if we effect a reverse share split in the future. We may register additional shares as they become issuable.

The issuance of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholders may cause substantial dilution to our existing stockholders, and the sale of such shares acquired by the Selling Stockholders could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline.

We are registering for resale by the Selling Stockholders up to 2,245,968 Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The number of shares of our Common Stock ultimately offered for resale by the Selling Stockholders under this prospectus is dependent upon the number of Warrant Shares issued upon exercise of the Warrants by the Selling Stockholder. Depending on a variety of factors, including market liquidity of our Common Stock, the issuance of Warrant Shares to the Selling Stockholders may cause the trading price of our Common Stock to decline.

The Selling Stockholders may sell all, some or none of such Warrant Shares. The sale of a substantial number of Warrant Shares by the Selling Stockholders in this offering, or anticipation of such sales, could cause the trading price of our Common Stock to decline or make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise desire.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. The Selling Stockholders may sell the Warrant Shares at different times and at different prices. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholders in this offering as a result of sales made by us in future transactions.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American could result in a delisting of our Common Stock.

If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, the NYSE American may take steps to delist our Common Stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our Common Stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our Common Stock when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our Common Stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our Common Stock, prevent our Common Stock from dropping below the NYSE American’s minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with the NYSE American’s listing requirements.

Future capital raises may dilute your ownership and/or have other adverse effects on our operations.

If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership will be reduced and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights senior to those of our Common Stock and the terms of the debt securities issued could impose significant restrictions on our operations, including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our intellectual property or candidate products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

We have not paid dividends on our Common Stock in the past and have no immediate plans to pay such dividends.

We plan to reinvest all of our earnings, to the extent we have earnings, to cover operating costs and otherwise become and remain competitive. We do not plan to pay any cash dividends with respect to our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our Common Stock as a dividend. Therefore, you should not expect to receive cash dividends on the Common Stock we are offering.

The FEBRUARY TransactionS

On February 4, 2025, we entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) in connection with the offer and sale to investors (the “Investors”) of 2,495,518 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an offering price of $0.2785 per share (the “February RDO “) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement dated February 4, 2025 (the “Initial Purchase Agreement”). The Initial Purchase Agreement was amended and restated on February 5, 2025 (the “A&R Purchase Agreement”). The shares of Common Stock were offered by the Company pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-280648), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 8, 2024, the base prospectus included therein, and a prospectus supplement dated February 4, 2025. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the February RDO were approximately $693,803, before deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses. The February RDO closed on February 6, 2025.

On February 6, 2025, in connection with the Investors’ agreement to amend the Initial Purchase Agreement and enter into the A&R Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Investors entered into the Letter Agreement, pursuant to which the Company (i) issued the Investors the Warrants to purchase up to 2,245,968 shares of Common Stock, in the aggregate and (ii) granted the Investors a right for two years from the closing date of the Letter Agreement, to participate in future financings of the Company in an aggregate amount equal to 50% of such financings (the “Letter Agreement Offering”). Pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, the Company must file a registration statement with the SEC covering the issuance of the Warrant Shares underlying the Warrants and use its best efforts to cause the registration statement to become effective by the six-month anniversary of the closing of the Letter Agreement. The filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was made to satisfy this obligation. The Warrants are exercisable on the six-month and one day anniversary of their issuance, and their exercise price is equal to $0.54, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Warrants.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “potentially,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2024 Form 10-K and elsewhere in this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in our forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances described in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES

We own or have rights to use a number of registered and common law trademarks, service marks and/or trade names in connection with our business in the United States and/or in certain foreign jurisdictions.

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names referred to in this prospectus are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks, copyrights or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of Common Stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders.

We may receive up to approximately $1.2 million if the Warrants are exercised for cash. See the “Plan of Distribution” section of this prospectus for more information. Any proceeds from the Selling Stockholders that we receive upon exercise of the Warrants for cash are currently expected to be used primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. Pending these uses, we expect to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing securities. We cannot predict when, or if, the Warrants will be exercised for cash. Further, in certain circumstances, the Selling Stockholders may exercise the Warrants on a cashless basis. As a result, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds that we will have. Management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of any net proceeds it receives as a result of the exercise of the Warrants.

We will incur all costs associated with this prospectus and the registration statement of which it is a part.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Investors should not purchase our Common Stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividends. The payment of dividends on our Common Stock, if any, in the future is within the discretion of our Board and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition and other relevant facts. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the development and growth of our business.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

General

The following description summarizes the most important terms of our capital stock. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a complete description of the matters set forth in this “Description of Securities,” you should refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and investor rights agreement, which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

There are 20,676,354 shares of our Common Stock outstanding and no shares of our preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this prospectus, we had 34 stockholders of record.

Common Stock

The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to any dividends that may be declared by the Board out of funds legally available for payment of dividends at such times and in such amounts as the Board in its discretion. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by the holders of Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription rights or cumulative voting rights.

Preferred Stock

As of the date of this prospectus, there are a total of 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock authorized for issuance, none of which are outstanding.

Our Board is authorized, without further action by our stockholders, to provide from time to time out of the unissued shares of preferred stock for one or more series of preferred stock, and with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares constituting such series and the designation of such series, the powers (including voting powers), if any, of the shares of such series and the preferences and relative, participating, optional, special or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, if any, of the shares of such series. The issuance of our preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our Common Stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change of control or other corporate action.

Warrants

We have outstanding the following warrants to purchase shares of our Common Stock:

Stock Incentive Plans

We have adopted the Azitra, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) providing for the grant of non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options to purchase shares of our Common Stock and for the grant of restricted and unrestricted share grants and restricted stock units. We currently have reserved 7,457 shares of our Common Stock under the 2016 Plan. The purpose of the 2016 Plan is to provide eligible participants with an opportunity to acquire an ownership interest in our company. All officers, directors, employees and consultants to our company are eligible to participate under the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan provides that options may not be granted at an exercise price less than the fair market value of our shares of Common Stock on the date of grant. As of the date of this prospectus, we have outstanding options granted under the 2016 Plan to purchase an aggregate of 40,276 shares of our Common Stock at an average exercise price of $40.92 per share.

In March 2023, our Board and stockholders approved and adopted the Azitra, Inc. 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) providing for the grant of non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options to purchase shares of our Common Stock and for the grant of restricted and unrestricted share grants and restricted stock units. In November 2024, our stockholders approved amendments to the 2023 Plan that (i) increased the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the 2023 Plan by 1,144,401 shares and (ii) adopted an evergreen provision to the 2023 Plan providing for an automatic 5% annual increase in the shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2023 Plan over the next 10 years, commencing on January 1, 2026. We currently have reserved 1,211,068 shares of our Common Stock under the 2023 Plan. The purpose of the 2023 Plan is to provide eligible participants with an opportunity to acquire an ownership interest in our company. All officers, directors, employees and consultants to our company are eligible to participate under the 2023 Plan. The 2023 Plan provides that options may not be granted at an exercise price less than the fair market value of our shares of Common Stock on the date of grant. As of the date of this report, we have outstanding options granted under the 2023 Plan to purchase an aggregate of 1,333 shares of our Common Stock at an average exercise price of $62.10 per share.

Dividends

We do not anticipate the payment of cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Registration Rights

Certain holders of our Common Stock, or their permitted transferees, are entitled to the registration rights described below. The registration of shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of registration rights described below would enable the holders to sell these shares without restriction under the Securities Act when the applicable registration statement is declared effective. We will pay the registration expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, of the shares registered pursuant to the registrations described below. The registration rights described below will expire upon the earlier of June 20, 2026 or when all investors, considered with their affiliates, can sell all of their shares in a three-month period under Rule 144.

Convertible Preferred Stock Registration Rights. In connection with our convertible preferred stock financings, we entered into an investor rights agreement, as amended, pursuant to which we have granted the purchasers of our convertible preferred stock certain demand and piggyback registration rights. Those parties beneficially hold approximately 217,082 shares of our Common Stock, including 5,612 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants issued to the parties in connection with our 2018 placement of our unsecured convertible promissory notes and our 2019 placement of Series A-1 convertible preferred shares.

Pursuant to the investor rights agreement, we are required, upon the written request by the holders of at least 50% of the shares that are entitled to registration rights under the investor rights agreement, to register, as soon as practicable, all or a portion of these shares for public resale. We are required to effect two demand registrations pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1. Subject to our eligibility to use a registration statement on Form S-3, we are required to effect an unlimited number of demand registrations pursuant to Form S-3, provided such requests for registration be for an aggregate offering price, net of the underwriting discounts and commissions, equal or greater than $1 million. Pursuant to the investor rights agreement, we have also granted to the piggyback registration rights and demand registration rights. These demand and piggyback registration rights terminate as to each investor when their shares subject to the registration rights agreement may be sold by the investor pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act without regard to both the volume limitations for sales as provided in Rule 144.

On July 1, 2024, we filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 to register the resale of the 217,082 shares of Common Stock held by the stockholders holding demand registration rights.

Underwriter Registration Rights. In connection with our IPO and February 2024 public offering, we issued to the representative of the underwriters or its designees warrants, referred to as the Representative’s Warrants, to purchase up to a total of 2,000 shares and 22,222 shares of our Common Stock, respectively. The Representative’s Warrants provide for registration rights (including a one-time demand registration right and unlimited piggyback rights) consistent with FINRA Rule 5110.05. The demand for registration may be made at any time beginning on the initial exercise date of the Representative’s Warrants and expiring on the fifth anniversary of the date of the public offering prospectus to which the warrants relate in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). In addition to the one-time demand registration right, the Representative’s Warrants have unlimited piggyback rights, for a period of no more than two years from the initial exercise date of the Representative’s Warrants in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D).

January 2025 Offering. In connection with the offering of securities pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that we completed in January 2025, we issued to the placement agent or its designees warrants, referred to as the January Placement Agent Warrants, to purchase up to a total of 194,311 shares of our Common Stock. The January Placement Agent Warrants provide for registration rights (including a one-time demand registration right and unlimited piggyback rights) consistent with FINRA Rule 5110.05. The demand for registration may be made at any time beginning on the initial exercise date of the January Placement Agent Warrants and expiring on the fifth anniversary of the date of the public offering prospectus to which the warrants relate in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C).

Alumni Capital LP Equity Line of Credit. The Company entered into a purchase agreement (the “ELOC Purchase Agreement”) with Alumni Capital LP (“Alumni”) in April 2025 through which the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Alumni, and Alumni is obligated to purchase, up to an aggregate of $20 million (the “Investment Amount”) of shares (the “ELOC Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock in a series of purchases. Upon each purchase, Alumni receives warrants to purchase such number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 10% of the number of ELOC Shares purchased in the related purchase (the “ELOC Warrants”).

On April 28, 2025, we filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-286809) to register the resale of 73,578,595 shares of Common Stock, which represents (i) 66,889,632 ELOC Shares that we may issue and sell to Alumni under the ELOC Purchase Agreement and (ii) 6,688,963 shares of Common Stock underlying the ELOC Warrants that are issuable upon exercise of the ELOC Warrants that we may issue to Alumni in connection with any single fixed purchase under the ELOC Purchase Agreement. The Form S-1 was declared effective on May 1, 2025.

Depending on the market prices of the Company’s Common Stock at the time it elects to issue and sell ELOC Shares and ELOC Warrants to Alumni under the ELOC Purchase Agreement, we may need to register for resale under the Securities Act additional shares of our Common Stock in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the full Investment Amount.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents

The following is a summary of certain provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the corporate law of Delaware and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws.

Delaware Law

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination (as defined below) with any interested stockholder (as defined below) for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:

Section 203 defines “business combination” to include the following:

In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, or who beneficially owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within a three-year period immediately prior to the date of determining whether such person is an interested stockholder, and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by any of these entities or persons.

Our Charter Documents

Our charter documents include provisions that could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares and may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in our control or management. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of our Board and its policies and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of us. These provisions are also designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal and to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control or an unsolicited acquisition proposal that a stockholder might consider favorable, including a proposal that might result in the payment of a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. Certain of these provisions are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Effects of authorized but unissued Common Stock and preferred stock. One of the effects of the existence of authorized but unissued Common Stock and preferred stock may be to enable our Board to make more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of our Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of management. If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, the Board were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in our best interest, such shares could be issued by the Board without stockholder approval in one or more transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or costly the completion of the takeover transaction by diluting the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder group, by putting a substantial voting block in institutional or other hands that might undertake to support the position of the incumbent Board, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise.

Cumulative Voting. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would allow holders of less than a majority of the stock to elect some directors.

Vacancies. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.

Special Meeting of Stockholders and Stockholder Action by Written Consent. A special meeting of stockholders may only be called by our Board or the chairperson of our Board. All stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called meeting of stockholders and not by written consent.

Advance Notice Provisions. Our amended and restated bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Our amended and restated bylaws will also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions might preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders if the proper procedures are not followed. We expect that these provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.

Choice of Forum. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our shares of Common Stock is VStock Transfer, LLC. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598.

National Securities Exchange Listing

Our Common Stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “AZTR.”

Selling Stockholders

We are registering the Warrant Shares in order to permit the Selling Stockholders to offer these shares for resale from time to time. Except for the investment in the Warrant Shares being registered hereunder, and, in the case of certain investors, their investment in (i) the February RDO, (ii) the Letter Agreement Offering, (iii) the public offering that closed on January 16, 2025 (the “January 2025 Offering”) and (iv) the public offering that closed on July 25, 2024 (the “July 2024 Offering”), the Selling Stockholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years. The shares of Common Stock issued in the February RDO, the January 2025 Offering and the July 2024 Offering were registered separately. We are registering the Warrant Shares pursuant to the provisions of the Letter Agreement we entered into with the Selling Stockholders on February 6, 2025, in order to permit the Selling Stockholders to offer the Warrant Shares for resale from time to time. Pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, the Company has agreed to use its best efforts to cause the registration statement to become effective by the six-month anniversary of the closing of the Letter Agreement.

The table below lists the Selling Stockholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders and reflects holdings as of July 18, 2025. The second column lists the number of Warrant Shares owned. Unless otherwise noted, all shares owned by the Selling Stockholders were acquired in the February RDO, the Letter Agreement Offering, the January 2025 Offering and the July 2024 Offering. The third column lists the shares of Common Stock being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholders. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus.

The Selling Stockholders may sell some, all or none of their Warrant Shares in this offering. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholders will hold the Warrant Shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the Selling Stockholders regarding the sale of any of the Warrant Shares.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, and includes shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Selling Stockholders have voting and investment powers. The percentage of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholders prior to the offering shown in the table below is based on an aggregate of 20,676,354 shares of our Common Stock outstanding on July 18, 2025.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Selling Stockholders of the Warrant Shares and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their Warrant Shares covered hereby on the principal trading market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. The securities may be sold or distributed from time to time by the Selling Stockholders directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed. The sale of the securities offered by this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods:

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the resale securities may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

The Selling Stockholders may be considered “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

The Selling Stockholders may use one or more registered broker-dealers to effectuate all sales, if any, of our Common Stock. Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such registered broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in resales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.

We know of no existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholders or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus.

We may from time to time file with the SEC one or more supplements to this prospectus or amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to amend, supplement or update information contained in this prospectus, including, if and when required under the Securities Act, to disclose certain information relating to a particular sale of shares offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholders, including the names of any brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such shares by the Selling Stockholders, any compensation paid by the Selling Stockholders to any such brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents, and any other required information.

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of the shares of our Common Stock covered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholders.

We estimate that the total expenses for the offering will be approximately $50,000.

Our Common Stock is currently listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “AZTR.”

LEGAL MATTERS

Thompson Hine LLP, New York, New York, will pass upon the validity of the Warrant Shares offered hereby.

EXPERTS

The financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been so incorporated by reference reliance on the report of Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information and reports we file with it. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to another document. The information that we incorporate by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, except to the extent information in those documents is different from the information contained in this prospectus, and all future documents filed with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary) until the termination of the offering of these securities:

To the extent that any statement in this prospectus is inconsistent with any statement that is incorporated by reference and that was made on or before the date of this prospectus, the statement in this prospectus shall supersede such incorporated statement and the incorporated statement shall not be deemed, except as modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of each contract or document filed as an exhibit to our various filings made with the SEC.

You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:

Azitra, Inc.

21 Business Park Drive,

Branford, Connecticut 06405

Attention: Corporate Secretary

Telephone: (203) 646-6446

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement, some of which is contained in exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our shares of Common Stock, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract or any other document is not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement is this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

In addition, we file annual, quarterly and current reports and proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These filings are also available free of charge to the public on, or accessible through, our corporate website at www.azitrainc.com. Our website and the information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and is not considered part of, this prospectus. You should not rely on any such information in making your decision whether to purchase our Common Stock.

We have not authorized anyone to give you any information or to make any representations about us or the transactions we discuss in this prospectus other than those contained in this prospectus. If you are given any information or representations about these matters that is not discussed in this prospectus, you must not rely on that information. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities anywhere or to anyone where or to whom we are not permitted to offer or sell securities under applicable law.

Up to 2,245,968 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Warrants

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

, 2025

PART II - INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of our Common Stock being registered hereby, all of which will be borne by us (except any placement agent fees and expenses incurred for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred in disposing of the shares). All amounts are estimated except the SEC registration fee.

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of any statutes referred to below and the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or Certificate of Incorporation, of Azitra, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) permits a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful.

In the case of an action by or in the right of the corporation, Section 145 of the DGCL permits a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses that the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 145 of the DGCL also permits a Delaware corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under Section 145 of the DGCL.

Our Certificate of Incorporation states that to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL our directors shall not be personally liable to us or to our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. If the DGCL is amended after the date hereof to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of our directors shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended.

Our Certificate of Incorporation requires us, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) our directors and officers, and authorizes us, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) to other employees and agents (and any other persons to which the DGCL permits us to provide indemnification) through bylaw provisions, agreements with such directors, officers, employees, agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, subject only to limits created by the DGCL with respect to actions for breach of duty to our corporation, our stockholders and others.

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the DGCL, indemnify each of our directors, officers and all other persons we have the power to indemnify under Section 145 of the DGCL against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director of the Company. We may maintain insurance, at our expense, to protect the Company and any of our directors, officers, employees or agents against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not we have the power to indemnify such person.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. These indemnification agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. These indemnification agreements also require us to advance all expenses incurred by the directors and executive officers in investigating or defending any such action, suit, or proceeding. We believe that these agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and executive officers.

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

The following list sets forth information regarding all unregistered securities sold by us over the three-year period preceding the date of the prospectus that forms a part of this registration statement.

In January 2022, we sold to one investor an unsecured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $1,000,000. In January 2023, the principal amount of the note, along with all accrued interest, was converted into 23,432 shares of our Series B convertible preferred stock. Subsequently, these shares were converted into Common Stock upon the consummation of the IPO.

In September 2022, we conducted the placement of our unsecured convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4.35 million to five investors. The principal amount of the notes, along with all accrued and unpaid interest thereunder, converted into 61,534 shares of our Common Stock upon the consummation of the IPO.

No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities. We believe the offers, sales and issuances of the above securities by us were exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 thereunder as transactions not involving a public offering. All of the investors were accredited investors as such term is defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates, notes and warrants issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about our Company. The sales of these securities were made without any general solicitation or advertising.

On January 14, 2025, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “January Placement Agency Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (the “January Placement Agent”) in connection with the offer and sale to investors of up to 4,857,780 registered shares (the “January Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock, at an offering price of $0.30 per January Share (the “January Offering”). The January Placement Agent acted as the Company’s exclusive placement agent in the January Offering. Pursuant to the terms of the January Placement Agency Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay the January Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the January Offering. The Company agreed to reimburse the January Placement Agent for certain expenses. As additional compensation, the Company agreed to issue to the January Placement Agent (or its designees) an unregistered warrant (the “January Placement Agent Warrant”) to purchase an aggregate of 194,311 shares of Common Stock (the “January Placement Agent Warrant Shares”), which represents 4.0% of the aggregate number of January Shares sold in the January Offering, at an exercise price per share equal to 125% of the offering price of each January Share, or $0.375. The January Placement Agent Warrants are exercisable six (6) months from the date of issuance and expire five years from the commencement of sales in the January Offering. The January Placement Agent Warrant may be exercisable via “cashless exercise” in certain circumstances.

The January Placement Agent Warrants and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the January Placement Agent Warrants were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the securities laws of any state, and were offered and sold in reliance on the exemption from registration under the Securities Act afforded by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.

On February 6, 2025, the Company closed the February RDO of 2,495,518 shares of the Company’s Common Stock to the Investors pursuant to the Initial Purchase Agreement, as amended by the A&R Purchase Agreement. On February 6, 2025, in connection with the Investors’ agreement to amend the Initial Purchase Agreement and enter into the A&R Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Investors entered into the Letter Agreement, pursuant to which the Company (i) issued the Investors the Warrants and (ii) granted the investors a right for two years from the closing date of the Letter Agreement, to participate in future financings of the Company in an aggregate amount equal to 50% of such financings. Pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, the Company is obligated to file a registration statement covering the issuance of the shares Common Stock underlying the Warrants and to use its best efforts to cause the registration statement to become effective by the six-month anniversary of the closing of the Letter Agreement. The filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was made to satisfy this obligation. The Warrants are exercisable on the six-month and one day anniversary of their issuance, and their exercise price is equal to $0.54, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the Warrants. As of the date of this prospectus, the Warrants and Warrant Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act, or the securities laws of any state, and were offered and sold in reliance on the exemption from registration under the Securities Act afforded by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.

On April 24, 2025, the Company entered into the ELOC Purchase Agreement with Alumni, whereby the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Alumni, and Alumni is obligated to purchase up to the Investment Amount of ELOC Shares of the Company’s Common Stock in a series of purchases. The purchase price of the ELOC Shares that the Company elects to sell to Alumni pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement will be equal to the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock during the period commencing on the date that the Company delivers a notice requiring the purchase of ELOC Shares by Alumni and ending on the earlier to occur of (i) five (5) business days immediately following such date and (ii) the date on which Alumni notifies the Company that it is prepared to proceed with the relevant closing, multiplied by 90%. Upon each purchase, Alumni receives ELOC Warrants to purchase such number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to 10% of the number of ELOC Shares purchased in the related purchase. The exercise price of the ELOC Warrants equals 130% of the price per share paid upon closing. The exercise of the ELOC Warrants were subject to stockholder approval, which the Company received at its annual meeting of shareholders held on June 23, 2025, and expire five years after issuance. The ELOC Warrants may be exercised via cashless exercise if there is no effective registration statement, or current prospectus available for, the resale of the shares underlying the ELOC Warrants. The issuance of the ELOC Shares and the ELOC Warrants to Alumni were or will be made pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirement of the Securities Act provided by Section 4(a)(2) thereunder. In accordance with the ELOC Purchase Agreement, the Company registered the offering and resale by Alumni of up to 66,889,632 shares of the Company’s Common Stock and up to 6,688,632 shares underlying the ELOC Warrants issuable upon exercise of the ELOC Warrants on Form S-1 (File No. 333-286809), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 1, 2025.

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Exhibits.

+ Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

* Filed herewith.

(b) Financial Statement Schedules.

All schedules have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable.

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Branford, State of Connecticut, on July 18, 2025.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Francisco D. Salva, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, any subsequent registration statements pursuant to Rule 462 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney may be executed in counterparts.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.