As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 1, 2025

Registration No. 333-           

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

XTI AEROSPACE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

8123 InterPort Blvd., Suite C
Englewood, CO 80112
(800) 680-7412

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Scott Pomeroy
Chief Executive Officer
XTI Aerospace, Inc.
8123 InterPort Blvd., Suite C
Englewood, CO 80112
Tel: (800) 680-7412

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

With Copies to:

Nimish Patel, Esq.

Blake J. Baron, Esq.

Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP

437 Madison Ave., 25th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Tel: (212) 509-3900

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:  From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine. 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the Securities and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion, dated August 1, 2025

PROSPECTUS

$1,000,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Depositary Shares

Debt Securities

Subscription Rights

Units

Warrants

By this prospectus and an accompanying prospectus supplement, we may from time to time offer and sell, in one or more offerings, up to $1,000,000,000 in any combination of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants, units and subscription rights.

We will provide you with more specific terms of these securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free-writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference carefully before you invest.

We may offer these securities from time to time in amounts, at prices and on other terms to be determined at the time of offering. We may offer and sell these securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to investors, on a continuous or delayed basis. The supplements to this prospectus will provide the specific terms of the plan of distribution. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “XTIA.” On July 31, 2025, the closing price of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.03 per share.

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” on page 6 of this prospectus for more information on these risks.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is ________________, 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RISK FACTORS

Investing in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus involves a high degree of risk. Please see the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings we make with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Additional risk factors may be included in a prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering of securities. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider these risks as well as other information we include or incorporate by reference in this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations. These risks could materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition and cause the value of our securities to decline.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we state otherwise in an accompanying prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us in primary offerings under this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement for general corporate purposes. These purposes may include working capital, acquisitions and other business opportunities. Pending the application of the net proceeds, we may invest the proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing instruments or other investment-grade securities. We cannot estimate precisely the allocation of the net proceeds from these offerings. Accordingly, our management team will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds of these offerings, if any.

DILUTION

We will set forth in a prospectus supplement the following information regarding any material dilution of the equity interests of investors purchasing securities sold by the Company in a primary offering under this prospectus:

DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES THAT MAY BE OFFERED

Description of Common Stock

The following summary of the rights of our common stock is not complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Under our articles of incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 505,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 500,000,000 are shares of common stock and 5,000,000 are shares of “blank check” preferred stock. As of July 31, 2025, 20,253,316 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.

The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. In addition, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata dividends, if any, declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds; however, the current policy of our board of directors is to retain earnings, if any, for operations and growth. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets that are legally available for distribution. The holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, which may be designated solely by action of our board of directors and issued in the future.

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive pro rata our assets which are legally available for distribution, after payments of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of preferred stock then outstanding. All of the outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will also be fully paid and non-assessable.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “XTIA”. On July 31, 2025, the closing price of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.03 per share. Our stock transfer agent is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., 150 Royall Street, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021.

Registration Rights

Pursuant to the XTI Merger Agreement, we agreed to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register the resale of the shares of our common stock issued in the XTI Merger that were not registered on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-4 filed in connection with the XTI Merger.

Pursuant to the advisory agreement that we entered into with a third-party advisor on July 30, 2024 (which agreement was amended on October 10, 2024 and March 26, 2025), we issued the advisor 4,000 shares of restricted common stock as partial consideration for financial advisory services, and we agreed to register such shares. Pursuant to a separate advisory agreement that we entered into with the same advisor on May 13, 2025, we issued the advisor 125,000 shares of restricted common stock as partial consideration for financial advisory services, and we agreed to register such shares.

Description of Preferred Stock

Our articles of incorporation permit us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and with rights and preferences that may be fixed or designated by our board of directors without any further action by our stockholders. Each series of preferred stock will have the number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by our board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights.

It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock upon the rights of holders of our common stock until the board of directors determines the specific rights of the holders of our preferred stock. However, the effects might include, among other things:

Series 4 Preferred Stock

Our board of directors designated 10,415 shares of preferred stock as Series 4 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value with a stated value of $1,000 (the “Series 4 Preferred Stock”). The Series 4 Preferred Stock was originally issued in our public offering of securities consummated on April 24, 2018. As of July 31, 2025, there was one share of Series 4 Preferred Stock outstanding convertible into 1 share of common stock.

Our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue shares of an additional class or series of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the Series 4 Preferred Stock, except as prohibited by the certificate of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of the Series 4 Preferred Stock.

Conversion. Each share of Series 4 Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the stated value of $1,000 by the current conversion price equal to $418,500,000 per share. In addition, the conversion price per share is subject to adjustment for stock dividends, distributions, subdivisions, combinations or reclassifications. A holder of the Series 4 Preferred Stock will not have the right to convert any portion of the Series 4 Preferred Stock to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (subject to adjustment to up to 9.99% solely at the holder’s discretion upon 61 days’ prior notice to us) of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion.

Fundamental Transactions. In the event we effect certain mergers, consolidations, sales of substantially all of our assets, tender or exchange offers, reclassifications or share exchanges in which our common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, we consummate a business combination in which another person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, then, upon any subsequent conversion of the Series 4 Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series 4 Preferred Stock will have the right to receive any shares of the acquiring corporation or other consideration it would have been entitled to receive if it had been a holder of the number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion in full of the Series 4 Preferred Stock.

Dividends. Holders of the Series 4 Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal (on an “as converted to common stock” basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of our common stock. No other dividends will be paid on shares of Series 4 Preferred Stock.

Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of designation or as otherwise required by law, the Series 4 Preferred Stock has no voting rights.

Liquidation. Upon any dissolution, liquidation or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Series 4 Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive distributions out of our assets, whether capital or surplus, of the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Series 4 Preferred Stock were fully converted (disregarding for such purposes any conversion limitations hereunder) to common stock which amounts will be paid pari passu with all holders of common stock.

Anti-Dilution Protection. The Series 4 Preferred contain an anti-dilution protection feature, to adjust the conversion price if shares of common stock are sold or issued for a consideration per share less than the conversion price then in effect (subject to certain exemptions), provided, that the conversion price will not be less than $418,500,000.

Redemption Rights. We are not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series 4 Preferred Stock. Shares of Series 4 Preferred Stock are not otherwise entitled to any redemption rights, or mandatory sinking fund or analogous provisions.

Series 5 Preferred Stock

Our board of directors designated 12,000 shares of preferred stock as Series 5 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value with a stated value of $1,000 (the “Series 5 Preferred Stock”). The Series 5 Preferred Stock was originally issued in our rights offering consummated on January 15, 2019. As of July 31, 2025, there were 126 shares of Series 5 Preferred Stock outstanding convertible into 1 share of common stock. Our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue shares of an additional class or series of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the Series 5 Preferred Stock, except as prohibited by the certificate of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of the Series 5 Preferred Stock.

Conversion. Each share of Series 5 Preferred Stock will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time, into the number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing the $1,000 stated value per share of the Series 5 Preferred Stock by a conversion price of $280,968,750 per share. In addition, the conversion price per share is subject to adjustment for stock dividends, distributions, subdivisions, combinations or reclassifications. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of the Series 5 Preferred Stock will not have the right to convert any portion of the Series 5 Preferred Stock to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (subject to adjustment to up to 9.99% solely at the holder’s discretion upon 61 days’ prior notice to us) of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to its conversion.

Fundamental Transactions. In the event we effect certain mergers, consolidations, sales of substantially all of our assets, tender or exchange offers, reclassifications or share exchanges in which our common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, we consummate a business combination in which another person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, then, upon any subsequent conversion of the Series 5 Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series 5 Preferred Stock will have the right to receive any shares of the acquiring corporation or other consideration it would have been entitled to receive if it had been a holder of the number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion in full of the Series 5 Preferred Stock.

Dividends. Holders of Series 5 Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis) in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of common stock.

Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of designation or as otherwise required by law, the Series 5 Preferred Stock has no voting rights.

Liquidation. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Series 5 Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets, whether capital or surplus, the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Series 5 Preferred Stock were fully converted (disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations under the certificate of designation) to common stock, which amounts will be paid pari passu with all holders of common stock.

Redemption Rights. We are not obligated to redeem or repurchase any shares of Series 5 Preferred Stock. Shares of Series 5 Preferred Stock are not otherwise entitled to any redemption rights, or mandatory sinking fund or analogous provisions.

Description of Depositary Shares

General

We may, at our option, elect to offer fractional shares of preferred stock, which we call depositary shares, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we do, we will issue to the public receipts, called depositary receipts, for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction, to be described in the prospectus supplement, of a share of a particular series of preferred stock.

The shares of any series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited with a depositary named in the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable fractional interest in a share of preferred stock represented by the depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share. Those rights include dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares owned by those holders.

If there is a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make the distribution. If this occurs, the depositary may, with our approval, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to the holders.

Withdrawal of Stock

Unless the related depositary shares have been previously called for redemption, upon surrender of the depositary receipts at the office of the depositary, the holder of the depositary shares will be entitled to delivery, at the office of the depositary to or upon his or her order, of the number of whole shares of the preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the depositary shares. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of whole shares of preferred stock to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares. In no event will the depositary deliver fractional shares of preferred stock upon surrender of depositary receipts.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary shares representing shares of the preferred stock so redeemed, so long as we have paid in full to the depositary the redemption price of the preferred stock to be redeemed plus an amount equal to any accumulated and unpaid dividends on the preferred stock to the date fixed for redemption. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the redemption price and any other amounts per share payable on the preferred stock multiplied by the fraction of a share of preferred stock represented by one depositary share. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata or by any other equitable method as may be determined by the depositary.

After the date fixed for redemption, depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the moneys payable upon redemption and any money or other property to which the holders of the depositary shares were entitled upon redemption upon surrender to the depositary of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares.

Voting the Depositary Shares

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary receipts relating to that preferred stock. The record date for the depositary receipts relating to the preferred stock will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the number of shares of preferred stock represented by that holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares in accordance with those instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will not vote any shares of preferred stock except to the extent it receives specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing that number of shares of preferred stock.

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary receipts will pay other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may remove the depositary at any time. Any resignation or removal of the depositary will take effect upon our appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. The successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.

Notices

The depositary will forward to holders of depositary receipts all notices, reports and other communications, including proxy solicitation materials received from us, which are delivered to the depositary and which we are required to furnish to the holders of the preferred stock.

Limitation of Liability

Neither we nor the depositary will be liable if either of us is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond our control in performing our obligations. Our obligations and those of the depositary will be limited to performance in good faith of our and their duties thereunder. We and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, on information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

Description of Debt Securities

We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We may issue debt securities under an indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in such indenture. Such indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. While it is highly likely that any debt securities we issue will be issued under an indenture, we reserve the right to issue debt securities other than under an indenture pursuant to an exemption from the indenture requirement under the Trust Indenture Act. Any debt securities issued by us other than pursuant to an indenture will subject the purchasers of such debt securities to certain unique risks arising from the lack of a trustee charged with the responsibility of monitoring the debt securities and enforcing the rights of the holders of such debt securities, which will be set forth in a prospectus supplement filed with regard to such unindentured debt securities. If we issue debt securities other than under an indenture, we will likely be limited to issuing a maximum of $50 million of such debt securities and it is also likely that such debt securities will be unsecured and subordinated.

The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the related indenture, assuming an indenture is entered into, is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities.

General

The indenture will not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the provisions contained in the indenture that require the assumption of debt securities by successors in connection with any consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.

We may, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of any series, issue additional debt securities ranking equally with, and otherwise similar in all respects to, the debt securities of the series (except for any differences in the issue price and, if applicable, the initial interest accrual date and interest payment date) so that those additional debt securities will be consolidated and form a single series with the debt securities of the series previously offered and sold; provided that if the additional debt securities are not fungible with the debt securities of the series previously offered or sold for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the additional debt securities will have a separate CUSIP or other identifying number.

We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with “original issue discount,” or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate.

If the debt securities are convertible for our other securities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property would have to make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

Events of Default under the Indenture

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters:

In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

Discharge

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

Information Concerning the Trustee

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.

Description of Subscription Rights

We may issue subscription rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants or any combination thereof. These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any offering of subscription rights for which this prospectus is being delivered, including the following:

The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights.

Description of Units

We may, from time to time, issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. A prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the units offered under that prospectus supplement, and any special considerations applicable to investing in those units. You must look at the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable unit agreement for a full understanding of the specific terms of any units. We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of unit agreement, including a form of unit certificate, if any, that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering before the issuance of the related series of units. While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and incorporated documents. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. 

General

We may issue units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants or any combination thereof. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time, or at any time before a specified date.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any incorporated documents the terms of the series of units, including the following:

The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Common Stock,” “Description of Preferred Stock,” “Description of Depositary Shares,” “Description of Debt Securities” and “Description of Warrants” will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, depositary share, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.

Issuance in Series

We may issue units in such amounts and in such numerous distinct series as we determine.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units

Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, may enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.

Title

We, the unit agent, and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purposes and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.

Description of Warrants

Warrants to Purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares or Debt Securities

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with any offered securities. The warrants may be attached to or separate from those offered securities. We may issue the warrants under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company to be named in the applicable prospectus supplement, as warrant agent, all as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. If we offer warrants, we will file the warrant agreement relating to the offered warrants as an exhibit to, or incorporate it by reference in, the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants that we may offer will contain the specific terms of the warrants. These terms may include the following:

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase for cash the amount of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities, at the exercise price stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities that the warrant holder has purchased. If the warrant holder exercises the warrant for less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.

Outstanding Warrants

As of July 31, 2025, there were warrants outstanding to purchase up to a total of 11,250,616 shares of our common stock, which expire between 2027 and 2030. Each of these warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at current prices ranging from $1.36 to $146,250.00 per share.

June 2025 Common Warrants and June 2025 Representative’s Warrants

On June 24, 2025, we entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity”), as the representative of the underwriters named therein, relating to a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the “June 2025 Offering”) of 6,231,200 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,911,800 shares of common stock, and common warrants to purchase up to 9,143,000 shares of common stock (the “June 2025 Common Warrants”). Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we also granted ThinkEquity a 45-day option to purchase, at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, up to 1,371,000 additional shares of common stock (and/or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) and/or up to 1,371,000 additional June 2025 Common Warrants or any combination thereof, to cover any over-allotments (the “Over-Allotment Option”). ThinkEquity partially exercised the Over-Allotment Option on June 25, 2025 for 1,371,000 additional June 2025 Common Warrants. The initial closing of the June 2025 Offering and the closing of the June 25, 2025 partial exercise of the Over-Allotment Option occurred on June 26, 2025.

As part of its compensation for serving as representative in connection with the June 2025 Offering, on June 26, 2025, we issued ThinkEquity representative warrants to purchase up to 457,150 shares of common stock (the “June 2025 Representative’s Warrants”).

On July 7, 2025, we closed a partial exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, which was exercised for 1,219,995 shares of common stock. On July 7, 2025, we also issued ThinkEquity additional June 2025 Representative’s Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 61,000 shares of common stock, with substantially similar terms as the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants issued in connection with the initial closing of the June 2025 Offering.

On July 9, 2025, we closed a partial exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, which was exercised for 151,005 shares of common stock. Following the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, the over-allotment option has been fully exercised. On July 9, 2025, we also issued ThinkEquity additional June 2025 Representative’s Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 7,551 shares of common stock, with substantially similar terms as the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants issued in connection with the initial closing of the June 2025 Offering.

As of July 31, 2025, there were outstanding June 2025 Common Warrants to purchase up to 10,447,300 shares of our common stock and June 2025 Representative’s Warrants to purchase up to 525,701 shares of our common stock. All of the pre-funded warrants issued in the June 2025 Offering have been exercised in full.

June 2025 Common Warrants

Duration and Exercise Price. Each June 2025 Common Warrant has an exercise price of $2.00 per share. The June 2025 Common Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and may be exercised at any time until the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance, provided that there is a registration statement available for the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the June 2025 Common Warrants unless an exemption from registration is available or the June 2025 Common Warrants are exercised via cashless exercise as discussed below.

Subject to the rules and regulations of the applicable trading market, we may at any time during the term of the June 2025 Common Warrants, reduce the then current exercise price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by our board of directors. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price.

Exercisability. The June 2025 Common Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).

Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its June 2025 Common Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of our common stock underlying the June 2025 Common Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of our common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the June 2025 Common Warrants.

Exercise Limitation. In general, a holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of a June 2025 Common Warrant if the holder (together with its Attribution Parties (as defined in the June 2025 Common Warrant)) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, at the election of the holder, of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the June 2025 Common Warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided, that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice.

Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the June 2025 Common Warrants. Rather, the number of shares of common stock to be issued will, at our election, either be rounded up to the next whole share or we will pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price.

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a June 2025 Common Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the June 2025 Common Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon such transfer.

Trading Market. There is no trading market available for the June 2025 Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system, and we do not expect a trading market to develop. We have not applied to list the June 2025 Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading market. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the June 2025 Common Warrants is extremely limited.

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the June 2025 Common Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of common stock, the holders of the June 2025 Common Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their June 2025 Common Warrants. The June 2025 Common Warrants provide that holders have the right to participate in distributions or dividends paid on our common stock.

Fundamental Transaction. Upon the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as described in the June 2025 Common Warrants, and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our merger, amalgamation or consolidation with or into another person (other than any merger or amalgamation or consolidation with or into an operating company or asset of another person that is a business synergistic with our business and where the valuation of the consideration given by the Company in such merger or consolidation or amalgamation is 20% or less (30% or less in the event of a merger or consolidation or amalgamation with ReadyMonitor, LLC or an affiliate thereof) of the then market capitalization of the Company (based on the average of the five VWAPs immediately prior to the public announcement of such transaction of the Company)), the acquisition of more than 50% of our common equity, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock), the holders of the June 2025 Common Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the June 2025 Common Warrants, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that such holders would have received had they exercised the June 2025 Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the June 2025 Common Warrants. Additionally, as more fully described in the June 2025 Common Warrants, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the June 2025 Common Warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the June 2025 Common Warrants on the date of consummation of such transaction.

Governing Law. The June 2025 Common Warrants are governed by New York law.

June 2025 Representative’s Warrants

Duration and Exercise Price. The June 2025 Representative’s Warrants have an exercise price of $2.1875 per share. The June 2025 Representative’s Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, until the five-year anniversary of the commencement of sales of the shares of common stock issued in the June 2025 Offering. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price. However, the exercise price of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of shares of common stock at a price below the warrant exercise price then in effect.

Exercisability. The June 2025 Representative’s Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-funded Warrant. However, a holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided, that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a June 2025 Representative’s Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share.

Cashless Exercise. In lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon exercise of a June 2025 Representative’s Warrant in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants. Additionally, on the expiration date of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants, any June 2025 Representative’s Warrants outstanding and unexercised will be automatically exercised via cashless exercise as provided therein. In such event, we will not receive any cash proceeds.

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a June 2025 Representative’s Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer; provided, however, the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days following the commencement of sales of the securities issued in the June 2025 Offering.

Trading Market. There is no trading market available for the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their June 2025 Representative’s Warrants.

Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person (other than any of our subsidiaries or affiliates whereby our stockholders immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation), the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, the holders of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.

Governing Law. The June 2025 Representative’s Warrants are governed by New York law.

March 2025 Common Warrants and March 2025 Representative’s Warrants

On March 28, 2025, we entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity, as the representative of the underwriters named therein, pursuant to which we sold, in an underwritten offering that closed on March 31, 2025 (the “March 2025 Offering”) 765,200 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,176,000 shares of common stock, and common warrants to purchase up to 2,941,200 shares of common stock (the “March 2025 Common Warrants”). All of the pre-funded warrants issued in the March 2025 Offering have been exercised in full. As of July 31, 2025, there were outstanding March 2025 Common Warrants to purchase up to 56,700 shares of our common stock.

As part of its compensation for serving as representative in connection with the March 2025 Offering, we issued ThinkEquity representative warrants to purchase up to 147,060 shares of common stock (the “March 2025 Representative’s Warrants”), all of which are outstanding as of July 31, 2025.

March 2025 Common Warrants

Duration and Exercise Price. Each March 2025 Common Warrant has an exercise price of $1.36 per share. The March 2025 Common Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and may be exercised at any time until the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance, provided that there is a registration statement available for the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the March 2025 Common Warrants unless an exemption from registration is available.

Subject to the rules and regulations of the applicable trading market, we may at any time during the term of the March 2025 Common Warrants, reduce the then current exercise price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by our board of directors. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price.

Exercisability. The March 2025 Common Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).

Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its March 2025 Common Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of our common stock underlying the March 2025 Common Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of our common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the March 2025 Common Warrants.

Exercise Limitation. In general, a holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of a March 2025 Common Warrant if the holder (together with its Attribution Parties (as defined in the March 2025 Common Warrant)) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, at the election of the holder, of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the March 2025 Common Warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided, that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice.

Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the March 2025 Common Warrants. Rather, the number of shares of common stock to be issued will, at our election, either be rounded up to the next whole share or we will pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price.

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a March 2025 Common Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the March 2025 Common Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon such transfer.

Trading Market. There is no trading market available for the March 2025 Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system, and we do not expect a trading market to develop. We have not applied to list the March 2025 Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading market. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the March 2025 Common Warrants is extremely limited.

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the March 2025 Common Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of common stock, the holders of the March 2025 Common Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their March 2025 Common Warrants. The March 2025 Common Warrants provide that holders have the right to participate in distributions or dividends paid on our common stock.

Fundamental Transaction. Upon the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as described in the March 2025 Common Warrants, and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our merger, amalgamation or consolidation with or into another person (other than any merger or amalgamation or consolidation with or into an operating company or asset of another person that is a business synergistic with our business and where the valuation of such merger or consolidation or amalgamation is 20% or less (30% or less in the event of a merger or consolidation or amalgamation with ReadyMonitor, LLC or an affiliate thereof) of the then market capitalization (based on the average of the five VWAPs immediately prior to the public announcement of such transaction of the Company)), the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock), the holders of the March 2025 Common Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the March 2025 Common Warrants, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that such holders would have received had they exercised the March 2025 Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the March 2025 Common Warrants. Additionally, as more fully described in the March 2025 Common Warrants, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the March 2025 Common Warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the March 2025 Common Warrants on the date of consummation of such transaction.

Governing Law. The March 2025 Common Warrants are governed by New York law.

March 2025 Representative’s Warrants

The March 2025 Representative’s Warrants have an exercise price of $1.70 per share. The March 2025 Representative’s Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, until the five-year anniversary of the commencement of sales of the shares of securities issued in the March 2025 Offering. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price. The remaining material terms of the March 2025 Representative’s Warrants are substantially similar to those of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants.

Placement Agent Warrants

On January 7, 2025, we entered into a placement agency agreement with ThinkEquity, pursuant to which we sold directly to various investors, in a best efforts public offering that closed on January 10, 2025 (the “January 2025 Offering”), an aggregate of 1,454,546 shares of common stock. As part of its compensation for acting as placement agent for the January 2025 Offering, we issued to ThinkEquity placement agent warrants to purchase an aggregate of 72,727 shares of common stock (the “Placement Agent Warrants”), all of which are outstanding as of July 31, 2025.

The Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price of $17.1875 per share. The Placement Agent Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, until the five-year anniversary of the commencement of sales of the shares of common stock issued in the January 2025 Offering. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price. The remaining material terms of the Placement Agent Warrants are substantially similar to those of the June 2025 Representative’s Warrants.

October 2022 Warrants

On October 18, 2022, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor named therein, pursuant to which, among other things, we issued warrants to purchase up to 154 shares of our common stock (the “October 2022 Warrants”), all of which are outstanding as of July 31, 2025. The October 2022 Warrants have an exercise price of $146,250.00 per share. Each October 2022 Warrant is exercisable for one share of common stock and expires five years from the issuance date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock.

Exercisability. The October 2022 Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such holder’s October 2022 Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of our outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease or increase the limitation of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s October 2022 Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the October 2022 Warrants, provided that any increase in such limitation will not be effective until 61 days following notice to us.

Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its October 2022 Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the October 2022 Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the October 2022 Warrants.

Transferability. An October 2022 Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the October 2022 Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the October 2022 Warrants. Rather, the number of shares of common stock to be issued will, at our election, either be rounded up to the nearest whole number or we will pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price.

Trading Market. There is no established trading market for any of the October 2022 Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We have not applied for a listing for any of the October 2022 Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the October 2022 Warrants is limited.

Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the October 2022 Warrants or by virtue of the holders’ ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of October 2022 Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until such October 2022 Warrant holders exercise their October 2022 Warrants.

Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the October 2022 Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person whereby the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holders of the October 2022 Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the October 2022 Warrants prior to the occurrence of the fundamental transaction, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property receivable by a holder of the corresponding amount of shares of common stock for which the warrant is being exercised immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.

Waivers and Amendments. No term of the October 2022 Warrants may be amended or waived without the written consent of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding October 2022 Warrants (based on the number of warrant shares then underlying such October 2022 Warrants), provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a holder (or group of holders), the consent of such disproportionately impacted holder (or group of holders) will also be required.

Assumed Warrants

The following is a brief summary of the material terms of outstanding warrants originally issued by Legacy XTI and assumed by us in connection with the closing of the XTI Merger on March 12, 2024. The exercise prices of such assumed warrants and the number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise thereof reflect the application of the XTI Merger exchange ratio pursuant to the terms of the XTI Merger Agreement.

Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants

In May 2023 and July 2023, Legacy XTI issued investors warrants to purchase shares of Legacy XTI common stock (the “Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants”). Notwithstanding the terms of the XTI Merger Agreement, the board of directors of Legacy XTI determined to adjust the exercise price of Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants held by an employee to $5.29, effective as of the closing of the XTI Merger, as bonus consideration in exchange for such employee’s services to Legacy XTI in connection with the XTI Merger. As of July 31, 2025, there were outstanding (i) Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants to purchase up to 9 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $4,202.50 per share and (ii) Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants to purchase up to 32 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1,322.50 per share.

The Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants were immediately exercisable and expire on the five-year anniversary of the initial exercise date. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, if there is a merger or a consolidation of the Company with or into another entity when the Company is not the surviving entity, or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in one or a series of related transactions, then, as part of such merger, consolidation or sale of assets, a holder of a Legacy XTI 2023 Warrant will be entitled to receive upon exercise of such Legacy XTI 2023 Warrant, the number of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) of the successor entity resulting from such merger, consolidation or sale, that the holder would have received had such Legacy XTI 2023 Warrant been exercised in full immediately before such merger, consolidation or sale.

The Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants are nontransferable except with our consent.

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Legacy XTI 2023 Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

The Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants prohibit the holders thereof from selling or otherwise transferring or disposing any Company securities (other than those securities included in the registration) during a period of up to 180 days following the effective date of the registration statement for a Company underwritten public offering or such shorter period to which the Company or any officer, director or shareholder of the Company, is subject under the terms and conditions of such underwritten public offering. The Legacy XTI 2023 Warrants further provide that the holders thereof agree to execute a market standoff agreement with the underwriters of such public offering in customary form consistent with the foregoing provisions.

Mesa Warrant

On February 2, 2022, Legacy XTI entered into a conditional aircraft purchase contract (the “Aircraft Purchase Agreement”) with Mesa Air Group, Inc. and Mesa Airlines, Inc. (“Mesa”) relating to the purchase of 100 TriFan 600 airplanes and in connection therewith, Legacy XTI issued Mesa a warrant to purchase shares of Legacy XTI common stock, which was amended as of April 3, 2022 and March 11, 2024 (as so amended, the “Mesa Warrant”). The Mesa Warrant contains conditional vesting criteria. One-third of the shares represented by the Mesa Warrant vested upon the execution and delivery of the Aircraft Purchase Agreement, one-sixth of the shares vested on March 11, 2024, and one-third of the shares will vest upon the acceptance of delivery and final purchase of the first TriFan 600 aircraft by Mesa pursuant to the Aircraft Purchase Agreement. One-sixth of unvested shares lapsed on March 12, 2024. The Mesa Warrant will expire on the earlier of (i) a liquidation event as defined therein and (ii) 5:00 p.m. Pacific time on February 2, 2029. As of July 31, 2025, there were 757 shares of our common stock underlying the Mesa Warrant at an exercise price of $30.00 per share.

The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, if there is a merger or a consolidation of the Company with or into another entity when the Company is not the surviving entity, or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in one or a series of related transactions, then, as part of such merger, consolidation or sale of assets, the holder of the Mesa Warrant will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Mesa Warrant, the number of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) of the successor entity resulting from such merger, consolidation or sale, that the holder would have received had the Mesa Warrant been exercised in full immediately before such merger, consolidation or sale.

The holder may exercise the Mesa Warrant through a cashless exercise, in whole or in part, in which the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Mesa Warrant. In addition, any portion of the Mesa Warrant that remains exercisable but unexercised will be exercised automatically on a cashless basis to the extent exercisable, upon the expiration date.

The Mesa Warrant is nontransferable except with our consent.

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of the Mesa Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

Financing Warrants

From October 2017 to January 2019, Legacy XTI issued investors warrants to purchase shares of Legacy XTI common stock (the “Financing Warrants”) in connection with certain debt financings. As of July 31, 2025, there were outstanding (i) Financing Warrants to purchase up to 48 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2,802.50 per share and (ii) Financing Warrants to purchase up to 44 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $4,202.50 per share.

The Financing Warrants were immediately exercisable and expire on the ten-year anniversary of the initial exercise date. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, in case of any reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the capital stock (including because of a change of control) of the Company (other than as a result of a subdivision, combination, or stock dividend), a holder of a Financing Warrant will have the right at any time before the expiration of such Financing Warrant to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable upon the exercise of the Financing Warrant, the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property receivable in connection with such reclassification, reorganization, or change by a holder of the same number of shares of common stock as were purchasable by the holder immediately before such reclassification, reorganization, or change.

The Financing Warrants may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of such warrants to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Financing Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

Replacement Warrants

In December 2022, Legacy XTI issued warrants to purchase shares of Legacy XTI common stock (the “Replacement Warrants”) to certain transferees of a former service provider to whom Legacy XTI had previously granted a 10-year warrant to purchase shares of Legacy XTI common stock. As of July 31, 2025, there were outstanding Replacement Warrants to purchase up to 84 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $30.00 per share.

The Replacement Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance to the transferees and expire in May 2028. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock. In addition, if the Company consolidates or merges with or into another person or entity, or sells all or substantially all of its assets or stock or enters into any other similar transaction, liquidation, recapitalization or reorganization (any such action, a “Reorganization”), a holder of a Replacement Warrant will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of such Replacement Warrant, the number of shares of stock or other securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock that would otherwise have been deliverable upon exercise of such warrant would have been entitled upon such Reorganization if such Replacement Warrant had been exercised in full immediately prior to such Reorganization.

A holder may exercise the Replacement Warrants through a cashless exercise, in whole or in part, in which the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Replacement Warrants.

The Replacement Warrants may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of such warrants to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

The holders of the Replacement Warrants have certain information rights. The Replacement Warrants provide that we will, at all reasonable times during our normal business hours and upon reasonable notice, permit any authorized representative designated by a holder of a Replacement Warrant to visit and inspect any of our properties, including, without limitation, our books and records (and to make copies and extracts therefrom), and to discuss our affairs, finances and accounts with our officers, for the purposes of monitoring such holder’s investment in Legacy XTI, subject to the confidentiality provisions of that certain letter agreement, dated May 4, 2018, by and between Legacy XTI and the former service provider. In addition, we will provide the holder with such quarterly and annual financial statements and reports as it makes available to the holders of our preferred stock whenever such materials are provided to such holders.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Nevada Law and our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our articles of incorporation, our bylaws and the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) contain provisions that could delay or make more difficult an acquisition of control of our company not approved by our board of directors, whether by means of a tender offer, open market purchases, proxy contests or otherwise. These provisions have been implemented to enable us to develop our business in a manner that will foster our long-term growth without disruption caused by the threat of a takeover not deemed by our board of directors to be in the best interest of our company and our stockholders. These provisions could have the effect of discouraging third parties from making proposals involving an acquisition or change of control of our company even if such a proposal, if made, might be considered desirable by a majority of our stockholders. These provisions may also have the effect of making it more difficult for third parties to cause the replacement of our current management without the concurrence of our board of directors.

Set forth below is a description of the provisions contained in our articles of incorporation, bylaws and Nevada Revised Statutes that could impede or delay an acquisition of control of our company that our board of directors has not approved. This description is intended as a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and bylaws, forms of each of which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Authorized But Unissued Preferred Stock

We are currently authorized to issue a total of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our articles of incorporation provide that the board of directors may issue preferred stock by resolutions, without any action of the stockholders. In the event of a hostile takeover, the board of directors could potentially use this preferred stock to preserve control.

Classified Board

In accordance with the terms of our bylaws, our board of directors is divided into three classes, with members of each class serving staggered three-year terms. Upon the expiration of the term of a class of directors, directors in that class will be elected for three-year terms at the annual meeting of stockholders in the year in which their term expires. As such, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year and at least two annual meetings of stockholders may be necessary to change a majority of the directors. The classification of directors makes it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors.

Filling Vacancies

Nevada law and our bylaws establish that any vacancies on the board of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the board, or by a sole remaining director. A vacancy in the board of directors created by the removal of a director, and not otherwise filled by the remaining directors, may be filled by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast at the annual meeting of the stockholders or at a duly called special meeting at which a quorum is present, or by the written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares.

Removal of Directors

The provisions of our bylaws may make it difficult for our stockholders to remove one or more of our directors. Nevada law and our bylaws provide that the entire board of directors, or any individual director, may be removed from office only by vote of the holders of capital stock representing not less than two-thirds of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock entitled to vote. Under Nevada law, whenever the holders of any class or series of shares are entitled to elect one or more directors, unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, removal of any such director requires only two-thirds of the holders of that class or series, and not the votes of the outstanding shares as a whole.

Board Action Without Meeting

Our bylaws provide that the board may take action without a meeting if all the members of the board consent to the action in writing. Board action through consent allows the board to make swift decisions, including in the event that a hostile takeover threatens current management.

No Cumulative Voting

Our bylaws and articles of incorporation do not provide the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors. This provision means that the holders of a plurality of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Non-cumulative voting makes it more difficult for an insurgent minority stockholder to elect a person to the board of directors.

Stockholder Proposals

Except to the extent required under applicable laws, we are not required to include on our proxy card, or describe in our proxy statement, any information relating to any stockholder proposal and disseminated in connection with any meeting of stockholders.

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

Nevada law and our articles of incorporation give both the directors and the stockholders the power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the corporation. Any adoption, alteration, amendment, change or repeal of the bylaws by the stockholders requires an affirmative vote by a majority of the outstanding stock of the company. Any bylaw, including any bylaw that has been adopted by the stockholders may be amended or repealed by the board, unless otherwise prohibited by a bylaw adopted by the stockholders. Except for certain changes in connection with stock splits and a plan of merger, any proposal to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision of our articles of incorporation requires approval by a majority of the voting power of all of the classes of our capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting together as a single class, and, if the proposed amendment would adversely alter or change any preference or any relative or other right of any class or series of outstanding shares, then also by the holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of each class adversely affected.

Nevada Statutory Provisions

We are subject to the provisions of NRS 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive, an anti-takeover law, which applies to any acquisition of a controlling interest in an “issuing corporation.” In general, such anti-takeover laws permit the articles of incorporation, bylaws or a resolution adopted by the directors of an “issuing corporation” (as defined in NRS 78.3788) to impose stricter requirements on the acquisition of a controlling interest in such corporation than the provisions of NRS 78.378 to 78.3793, inclusive, as well as permit the directors of an issuing corporation to take action to protect the interests of the corporation and its stockholders, including, but not limited to, adopting plans, arrangements or other instruments that grant or deny rights, privileges, power or authority to holder(s) of certain percentages of ownership and/or voting power. Further, an “acquiring person” (and those acting in association) only obtains such voting rights in the control shares as are conferred by resolution of the stockholders at either a special meeting requested by the acquiring person, provided it delivers an offeror’s statement pursuant to NRS 78.3789 and undertakes to pay the expenses thereof, or at the next special or annual meeting of stockholders. In addition, the anti-takeover law generally provides for (i) the redemption by the issuing corporation of not less than all of the “control shares” (as defined) in accordance with NRS 78.3792, if so provided in the articles of incorporation or bylaws in effect on the 10th day following the acquisition of a controlling interest in an “issuing corporation”, and (ii) dissenter’s rights pursuant to NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive, for stockholders that voted against authorizing voting rights for the control shares. Our bylaws provide that, effective as of March 12, 2024 (the closing date of the XTI Merger) (the “Closing Date”), the provisions of NRS 78.378 through 78.3793, inclusive, are not applicable to the XTI Merger Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, including, without limitation, the acquisition of shares, or of rights to acquire shares, of the Company by the stockholders, or holders of rights to acquire stock, of Legacy XTI as of the Closing Date.

We are also subject to the provisions of NRS 78.411 to 78.444, inclusive, which generally prohibits a publicly held Nevada corporation from engaging in a “combination” with an “interested stockholder” (each as defined) that is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of at least ten percent of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation that previously held such voting power within the past three years, for a period of three years after the date the person first became an “interested stockholder”, subject to certain exceptions for authorized combinations, as provided therein.

In accordance with NRS 78.195, our articles of incorporation provide for the authority of the board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock in series by filing a certificate of designation to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in such series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, subject to limitations prescribed by law.

Market-Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions

There is currently no market for any of the offered securities, other than our common stock which is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If the offered securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors. While it is possible that an underwriter could inform us that it intends to make a market in the offered securities, any such underwriter would not be obligated to do so, and any such market-making could be discontinued at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active trading market will develop for the offered securities. We have no current plans for listing the preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, units or subscription rights on any securities exchange or quotation system. Any such listing with respect to any particular preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, units or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may offer and sell the securities in any one or more of the following ways:

In addition, we may enter into option, share lending or other types of transactions that require us to deliver shares of common stock to an underwriter, broker or dealer, who will then resell or transfer the shares of common stock under this prospectus. We may also enter into hedging transactions with respect to our securities. For example, we may:

We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will name any underwriter, dealer or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities. Any prospectus supplement will also set forth the terms of the offering, including:

If underwriters or dealers are used in the sale, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters or dealers for their own account. The securities may be sold from time to time by us in one or more transactions:

Such sales may be effected:

The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more of such firms. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of underwriters or dealers to purchase the securities offered will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the underwriters or dealers will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if any are purchased. Any public offering price and any discount or concession allowed or reallowed or paid by underwriters or dealers to other dealers may be changed from time to time.

The securities may be sold directly by us or through agents designated by us from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable to such agent will be set forth in, the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, all securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market or other principal market for our common stock. We may apply to list any series of preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants, rights or units on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Therefore, there may not be liquidity or a trading market for any series of securities.

Offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus may be solicited, and sales of the securities may be made by us directly to institutional investors or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale of the securities. The terms of any offer made in this manner will be included in the prospectus supplement relating to the offer.

Some of the underwriters, dealers or agents used by us in any offering of securities under this prospectus may be customers of, engage in transactions with, and perform services for us or affiliates of ours in the ordinary course of business. Underwriters, dealers, agents and other persons may be entitled to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to be reimbursed for certain expenses.

Subject to any restrictions relating to debt securities in bearer form, any securities initially sold outside the United States may be resold in the United States through underwriters, dealers or otherwise.

Any underwriters to which offered securities are sold by us for public offering and sale may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common shares during and after the offering, but those underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot or otherwise create a short position in the common shares for their own accounts by selling more shares of common stock than have been sold to them by us. The underwriters may elect to cover any such short position by purchasing common stock in the open market or by exercising the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters. In addition, the underwriters may stabilize or maintain the price of the common stock by bidding for or purchasing common stock in the open market and may impose penalty bids. If penalty bids are imposed, selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers participating in the offering are reclaimed if shares of common stock previously distributed in the offering are repurchased, whether in connection with stabilization transactions or otherwise. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the common stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The imposition of a penalty bid may also affect the price of the common stock to the extent that it discourages resales of the common stock. The magnitude or effect of any stabilization or other transactions is uncertain. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

In connection with the offering, the underwriters and selling group members may also engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock. Passive market making consists of displaying bids on the Nasdaq Capital Market limited by the prices of independent market makers and effecting purchases limited by those prices in response to order flow. Rule 103 of Regulation M promulgated by the SEC limits the amount of net purchases that each passive market maker may make and the displayed size of each bid. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the common shares at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

We are subject to the applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, including Regulation M. This regulation may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock offered in this prospectus by any person. The anti-manipulation rules under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of shares in the market and to our activities.

The anticipated date of delivery of the securities offered by this prospectus will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the offering.

Any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the shares of common stock may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any securities such entity sells pursuant to this prospectus.

To comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the securities may be sold in these jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the issuance of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP, New York, New York. Additional legal matters may be passed on for us, or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, have been incorporated by reference into this prospectus in reliance upon the report of Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The audited financial statements of XTI Aircraft Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on May 28, 2024, have been incorporated by reference into this prospectus in reliance upon the report of Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to XTI Aircraft Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities covered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which is a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and the securities covered by this prospectus, please see the registration statement and the exhibits filed with the registration statement. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the website is http://www.sec.gov.

We are subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance therewith, we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available for inspection and copying at the website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at http://www.xtiaerospace.com. You may access our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The SEC and applicable law permits us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus information that we have or may in the future file with the SEC (excluding those portions of any Form 8-K that are not deemed “filed” pursuant to the General Instructions of Form 8-K). This means that we can disclose important information by referring you to those documents. You should read carefully the information incorporated herein by reference because it is an important part of this prospectus. We hereby incorporate by reference the following documents into this prospectus:

Additionally, all documents filed by us subsequent to those listed above with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than any portions of filings that are furnished rather than filed pursuant to Items 2.02 and 7.01 of a Current Report on Form 8-K), prior to the termination or completion of the offerings (including all such documents filed with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus from the respective dates of filing of such documents. Any information that we subsequently file with the SEC that is incorporated by reference as described above will automatically update and supersede any previous information that is part of this prospectus.

Upon written or oral request, we will provide you without charge, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, other than exhibits to those documents unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents. Please send requests to:

XTI Aerospace, Inc.

Attn: Secretary

8123 InterPort Blvd., Suite C

Englewood, CO 80112

(800) 680-7412

$1,000,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Depositary Shares

Debt Securities

Subscription Rights

Units

Warrants

PROSPECTUS

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.d

The following statement sets forth the expenses and costs expected to be incurred by the Company in connection with the distribution of its securities being registered in this registration statement.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The Nevada Revised Statutes provide that we may indemnify our officers and directors against losses or liabilities which arise in their corporate capacity. The effect of these provisions could be to dissuade lawsuits against our officers and directors.

The Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.7502 provides that:

(1) A corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he: (a) Is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138; or (b) Acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the person is liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or that, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

(2) A corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he: (a) Is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138; or (b) Acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

(3) To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections 1 and 2, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation shall indemnify him against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense.

The Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.751 provides that:

(1) Any discretionary indemnification pursuant to NRS 78.7502, unless ordered by a court or advanced pursuant to Section 78.751 subsection 2; may be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances. The determination must be made: (a) By the stockholders; (b) By the board of directors by majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding so orders, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion; or (c) If a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding cannot be obtained, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion.

(2) The articles of incorporation, the bylaws or an agreement made by the corporation may provide that the expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. The provisions of this subsection do not affect any rights to advancement of expenses to which corporate personnel other than directors or officers may be entitled under any contract or otherwise by law.

(3) The indemnification pursuant to NRS 78.7502 and advancement of expenses authorized in or ordered by a court pursuant to this section: (a) Does not exclude any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the articles of incorporation or any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, for either an action in his official capacity or an action in another capacity while holding his office, except that indemnification, unless ordered by a court pursuant to NRS 78.7502 or for the advancement of expenses made pursuant to subsection 2, may not be made to or on behalf of any director or officer if a final adjudication establishes that his acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law and was material to the cause of action; and, (b) Continues for a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and inures to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

Article X of our Bylaws, as amended, provides that every person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or a person of whom he is the legal representative is or was a director or officer of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company or for its benefit as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise shall be indemnified and held harmless to the fullest extent permissible by the Nevada Revised Statutes from time to time against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by him in connection therewith, except any expense or payments incurred in connection with any claim or liability established to have arisen out of his own willful misconduct or gross negligence.

Item 16. Exhibits.

Item 17. Undertakings.

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement. 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Englewood, State of Colorado, on August 1, 2025. 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below appoints Scott Pomeroy and Brooke Turk, and each of them, either of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and any registration statement (including any amendment thereto) relating to the offering covered by this registration statement and filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or would do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement was signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates stated.

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