rise in the Index, not
including the costs of financing leverage and other operating expenses, which would further reduce its value. The Fund could lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event of an
Index rise of more than 33%. This would result in a total loss of a shareholder’s investment in one day even if the Index subsequently moves in the opposite direction and eliminates
all or a portion of its earlier daily change. A total loss may occur in a single day even if the Index does not lose all of its value. Leverage will also have the effect of
magnifying any differences in the Fund’s correlation with the Index and may increase the volatility of the Fund.
Under market circumstances that cause leverage to be expensive or unavailable, the Fund may increase its transaction fee, change its
investment objective by, for example, seeking to track an alternative index, reduce its leverage or close.
Derivatives Risk — Derivatives are financial instruments
that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as
stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. Investing in derivatives may be considered aggressive and may expose the Fund to greater risks, and may result in larger losses or
smaller gains, than investing directly in the reference assets underlying those derivatives, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.
The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater
than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other investments, including risk related to the market, leverage, imperfect correlations with underlying investments or the
Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The performance of a derivative may not track the
performance of its reference asset for various reasons, including due to fees and other
costs associated with it.
Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of the amount
initially invested. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning. A swap on an ETF may not closely track the performance of the Index
due to costs associated with trading ETFs, such as an ETF’s premium or discount and the difference between its market price and its net asset value. If the Index has a
dramatic intraday increase or decrease that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the
counterparty to immediately close the swap agreement with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may not be able to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other
derivatives to achieve its investment objective. This may occur even if the Index reverses all or a portion of its intraday movement by the end of the day.
Upon entering into certain derivatives contracts, such as swap agreements, and to
maintain open positions in such agreements, the Fund may be required to post collateral, the amount of which may vary. As such, the Fund may maintain cash balances, which may be
significant, with service providers such as the Fund’s custodian or its affiliates in
segregated accounts.
Maintaining larger cash and cash equivalent positions may also subject the Fund to additional risks, such as increased credit risk with respect to the custodian bank holding the
assets and the risk that a counterparty may be unable or unwilling to honor its obligations.
Counterparty Risk — If a counterparty is unwilling or unable
to make timely payments to meet its contractual obligations or fails to
return holdings that are subject to the agreement with the counterparty resulting in the Fund losing money or not being able to meet its daily inverse leveraged investment objective.
In addition, because the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of
counterparties, this increases the Fund’s exposure to counterparty credit risk. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to enter into,
or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its inverse leveraged investment objective or rebalance properly, which may
result in significant losses to the Fund, or the Fund may decide to change its inverse leveraged investment objective. The risk that no suitable counterparties will enter into
or continue to provide swap exposure to the Fund may be increased when there is
significant market volatility.
Rebalancing Risk — If for any reason the Fund is unable
to rebalance all or a part of its portfolio, or if all or a portion of the
portfolio is rebalanced incorrectly, the Fund’s investment exposure may not be consistent with its investment objective which may lead to greater losses or reduced gains. In these instances, the
Fund may have investment exposure to the Index that is significantly greater or significantly less than its stated investment objective. Additionally, the Fund may close to purchases and
sales of Shares prior to the close of trading on the NYSE Arca or other national securities listing exchanges where Shares are listed and incur significant losses.
Cash Transaction Risk— Unlike most ETFs, the Fund currently
intends to effect creations and redemptions principally for cash, rather
than principally for in-kind securities, because of the nature of the financial instruments held by the Fund. As a result, the Fund is not expected to be tax efficient and will incur brokerage and
financing costs related to buying and selling securities and/or obtaining short derivative exposure to achieve its investment objective thus incurring additional expenses than
other funds that primarily effect creations and redemptions in kind. To the extent that such costs are not offset by transaction fees paid by an authorized participant, the Fund may
bear such costs, which will decrease the Fund’s net asset value.
Intra-Day Investment Risk— The intra-day performance of Fund shares traded in the secondary market will be different from the performance of
the Fund when measured from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. An investor that purchases shares
intra-day may experience performance that is greater than, or less than, the Fund’s stated investment objective.