S-1/A
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
October 10, 2006
Registration
No. 333-135574
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 3
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
FIRST SOLAR, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
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3674 |
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20-4623678 |
(State of Incorporation) |
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(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard
Building 6, Suite 68
Phoenix, Arizona 85040
(602) 414-9300
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Michael J. Ahearn
Chief Executive Officer
First Solar, Inc.
4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard
Building 6, Suite 68
Phoenix, Arizona 85040
(602) 414-9300
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to:
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John T. Gaffney, Esq.
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
Worldwide Plaza
825 Eighth Avenue
New York, New York 10019
(212) 474-1000 |
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John D. Wilson, Esq.
Shearman & Sterling LLP
1080 Marsh Road
Menlo Park, California 94025
(650) 838-3600 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is
declared effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following
box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to
Rule 434, check the following
box. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Maximum Aggregate |
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Amount of |
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
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Offering Price(1)(2) |
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Registration Fee(3) |
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Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
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$250,000,000 |
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$26,750 |
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(1) |
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration
fee under Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. |
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(2) |
Includes shares of common stock that may be purchased by the
underwriters to cover over-allotments, if any. |
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(3) |
Previously paid by wire transfer on June 30, 2006. |
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information
in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We and
the selling stockholders may not sell these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell
these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED
OCTOBER 10, 2006
Shares
First Solar, Inc.
Common Stock
This is the initial public offering of shares of our common
stock. We are
selling shares
and the selling stockholders named in this prospectus are
selling shares
of our common stock. We will not receive any of the proceeds
from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. The initial public offering price of our common
stock is expected to be between
$ and
$ per
share. We have applied to list our common stock on The Nasdaq
Global Market under the symbol “FSLR”.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “Risk
Factors” beginning on page 7.
PRICE
$ A
SHARE
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Underwriting |
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Proceeds to |
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Price to |
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Discounts and |
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Proceeds to |
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Selling |
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Public |
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Commissions |
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First Solar, Inc. |
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Stockholders |
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Per Share
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
Total
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
We have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an
additional shares
of common stock to cover over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities
regulators have not approved or disapproved of these securities
or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to purchasers
on ,
2006.
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Credit Suisse |
Morgan Stanley |
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Piper Jaffray |
Cowen and Company |
First Albany Capital |
ThinkEquity Partners LLC |
,
2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on information contained in this
prospectus or to which we have referred you. We have not
authorized anyone to provide you with information that is
different. We are not making an offer of these securities in any
state where the offer is not permitted. The information in this
prospectus may only be accurate as of the date on the front of
this prospectus.
Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation
Until ,
2006 (25 days after the commencement of the offering), all
dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer’s obligation
to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with
respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information about First Solar, Inc.
and the offering contained elsewhere in this prospectus and is
qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You
should carefully read the entire prospectus before making an
investment decision, especially the information presented under
the heading “Risk Factors” and the financial
statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this
prospectus. In this prospectus, except as otherwise indicated or
as the context may otherwise require, all references to
“First Solar”, “we”, “us” and
“our” refer to First Solar, Inc. and its
subsidiaries.
First Solar
We design and manufacture solar modules using a proprietary thin
film semiconductor technology that has allowed us to reduce our
average solar module manufacturing costs to among the lowest in
the world. In 2005, our average manufacturing costs were
$1.59 per Watt, which we believe is significantly less than
those of traditional crystalline silicon solar module
manufacturers. We are the first company to integrate non-silicon
thin film technology into high volume low cost production. Our
manufacturing process transforms an inexpensive 2ft x 4ft (60cm
x 120cm) sheet of glass into a complete solar module in less
than three hours, using approximately 1% of the semiconductor
material used to produce traditional crystalline silicon solar
modules. Our ability to attract customers with competitive
pricing, in combination with our replicable low cost
manufacturing process, afforded us a gross margin of 35% in 2005
and 30% in the first six months of 2006. By continuing to expand
production and improve our technology and manufacturing process,
we believe that we can further reduce our manufacturing costs
per Watt and improve our cost advantage over traditional
crystalline silicon solar module manufacturers. Our objective is
to become, by 2010, the first solar module manufacturer to offer
a solar electricity solution that competes on a non-subsidized
basis with the price of retail electricity in key markets in the
United States, Europe and Asia.
Our net sales grew from $3.2 million in 2003 to
$48.1 million in 2005 and from $17.9 million in the
first six months of 2005 to $41.5 million in the first six
months of 2006, although we have incurred net losses in each
period since inception. Historically, almost all of our net
sales have been to project developers and system integrators
headquartered in Germany, who then resell our solar modules to
end-users. Strong market demand, a positive customer response to
our solar modules and our ability to expand production without
raw material constraints present us with the opportunity to
expand sales rapidly and increase market share.
We recently entered into long-term solar module supply contracts
(the “Long Term Supply Contracts”) with six project
developers and system integrators headquartered in Germany that
allow for approximately
€1.2 billion
($1.4 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
sales from 2006 to 2011. These Long Term Supply Contracts
contemplate the manufacture and sale of a total of 745MW of
solar modules. Under each of our Long Term Supply Contracts, we
have a unilateral option, exercisable until December 31,
2006, to increase the sales volumes and extend such contract
through 2012. If we exercise each option, these contracts will
allow for approximately
€1.9 billion
($2.3 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
sales from 2006 to 2012 for a total of 1,270MW of solar modules.
We expect sales under the Long Term Supply Contracts to increase
year over year through 2008 as we increase production capacity,
and, thereafter, we expect such sales per year to be in
approximately equal amounts. These contracts can be terminated
by our customers if missed deliveries of required solar modules
remain uncured.
In order to satisfy our contractual requirements and to address
additional market demand, we are expanding our annual
manufacturing capacity from 75MW to 175MW by the second half of
2007. Currently, we operate three 25MW production lines. We
refer to the original 25MW production line in our Ohio facility
as our Base Plant. In August 2006, we completed an expansion of
our Ohio facility, adding two 25MW production lines. We refer to
these two new 25MW production lines as our Ohio Expansion. With
the completion of our Ohio Expansion, we have an annual
manufacturing capacity of 75MW, and have become the largest thin
film solar module manufacturer in the world. We are currently
building four 25MW production lines in Germany, which we refer
to as our German Plant. After our German Plant reaches full
capacity, estimated for the second half of 2007, we will have an
annual manufacturing capacity of 175MW. We are also in the
planning stage for a new manufacturing plant in Asia.
Market Opportunity
We operate in a large, rapidly growing market that is widely
untapped and highly elastic at certain price points. Global
demand for electricity is expected to increase from
14.8 trillion kilowatt hours in 2003 to 27.1 trillion
kilowatt hours in 2025, according to the Energy Information
Administration. However, supply constraints, rising prices,
dependence on foreign countries for fuel feedstock and
environmental concerns could limit the ability of
1
many conventional sources of electricity to supply the rapidly
expanding global demand. These challenges create a unique growth
opportunity for the renewable energy industry, especially solar
energy. According to the Department of Energy, solar energy is
the only source of renewable power with a large enough resource
base to supply a significant percentage of the world’s
electricity needs. Worldwide, annual installations by the
photovoltaic industry grew from 0.3GW, in 2001 to 1.5GW in 2005,
representing an average annual growth rate of over 43%. In 2005,
the cumulative installed capacity of solar modules surpassed 5GW.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess a number of competitive strengths
that position us to become a leader in the solar energy industry
and compete in the broader electric power industry:
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Cost-per-Watt advantage. Our proprietary thin film
semiconductor technology allowed us to achieve an average solar
module manufacturing cost per Watt of $1.59 in 2005, which we
believe is among the lowest in the world and significantly less
than the per Watt manufacturing cost of producing crystalline
silicon solar modules. |
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Continuous and scalable production process. We
manufacture our solar modules on high-throughput production
lines that complete all manufacturing steps, from semiconductor
deposition to final assembly and testing, in an automated,
continuous process. |
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Replicable production facilities. We use a
systematic replication process to build new production lines
with operating metrics that are comparable to the performance of
our Base Plant. For example, we recently replicated our Base
Plant production line to build two new production lines in our
Ohio Expansion. By expanding production, we believe we can take
advantage of economies of scale and accelerate development
cycles, enabling further reductions in the price per Watt of our
solar modules. |
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Stable supply of raw materials. We are not
currently constrained by and do not foresee a shortage of
cadmium telluride, our most critical semiconductor material. In
addition, because of the relatively small amount of
semiconductor material we use, we believe our exposure to
cadmium telluride price increases is limited. By contrast,
Solarbuzz estimates that a shortage of silicon feedstock will
constrain the production of certain crystalline silicon solar
module manufacturers until 2008. |
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Pre-sold capacity through Long Term Supply
Contracts. Our Long Term Supply Contracts provide us
with predictable net sales and will enable us to realize
economies of scale from capacity expansions quickly, as we
utilize and sell most of our production capacity upon the
qualification of a new production line. By pre-selling the solar
modules to be produced on future production lines, we minimize
the customer demand risk of our rapid expansion plans. |
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Favorable system performance. Solar modules
usually perform below their rated power because of environmental
conditions, including variation in the ambient temperature and
intensity of sunlight. Under real-world conditions, we believe
systems incorporating our solar modules generate more kilowatt
hours of electricity per Watt of rated power than systems
incorporating crystalline silicon solar modules, increasing our
end-users’ return on investment. |
Strategies
Our goal is to utilize our proprietary thin film semiconductor
technology to create a sustainable market for our solar modules
by offering a solar electricity solution that, by 2010, will
compete on a non-subsidized basis with the price of retail
electricity in key markets in the United States, Europe and
Asia. We intend to pursue the following strategies to attain
this goal:
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Penetrate key markets rapidly. Upon completion of
our German Plant and contemplated Asian plant, we expect to
become a global fully-integrated solar module manufacturer. Our
new production lines will enable us to diversify our customer
base, gain market share in key solar module markets and reduce
our dependence on any individual country’s subsidy programs. |
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Further reduce manufacturing cost. We deploy
continuous improvement systems and tools to increase the
throughput of our production lines and the efficiency of our
workforce and to reduce |
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our capital intensity and raw material requirements. In
addition, as we expand production, we believe we can absorb
fixed costs over higher production volumes and negotiate
volume-based discounts on certain raw material and equipment
purchases. Higher production volumes should also provide
production and operational experience that translates into
improved process and product performance. |
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Increase sellable Watts per module. We are
implementing several programs designed to increase the number of
sellable Watts per solar module, which is driven primarily by
conversion efficiency. From 2003 to the end of the first six
months of 2006, we increased the average conversion efficiency
of our solar modules from approximately 7% to approximately 9%,
which increased the rated power of our solar modules from
approximately 49 Watts to approximately 62 Watts over the same
period. |
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Enter the mainstream market for electricity. We
believe that our ability to enter the non-subsidized, mainstream
market for electricity will require system development and
optimization, new system financing options and the development
of new market channels. As part of these activities, we are
developing solar electricity solutions beyond the solar module
that we plan to offer in select market segments. For example, we
recently entered into an agreement to sell 2.5MW of solar power
generation kits to the State of California. |
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Challenges
Before you invest in our stock, you should carefully consider
all the information in this prospectus, including matters set
forth under the heading “Risk Factors”. We believe
that the following are some of the major risks and uncertainties
that may affect us:
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Thin film technology has a limited operating
history. The oldest solar module manufactured on our
pilot line has only been in use since 2001, and we do not have a
large amount of data to validate our estimates of useful life
and degradation. If our thin film technology and solar modules
perform below expectations, we could lose customers and face
high warranty expenses. |
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Failure to achieve anticipated operating metrics at new
production lines. To satisfy our contractual
requirements, we must expand our production capacity. If our
systematic replication process does not yield new production
lines with operating metrics that are comparable to the
performance of our Base Plant, we would be unable to produce the
MW volume required to satisfy our contractual requirements and
could lose customers. |
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Reduction or elimination of government subsidies.
The reduction or elimination of government subsidies before we
achieve our goal of cost-competitiveness with conventional
sources of electricity could significantly limit our customer
base and reduce our net sales. |
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Intense competition from providers of conventional and
renewable sources of electricity. We face intense
competition from providers of conventional and renewable
electricity, including solar module manufacturers using
crystalline silicon and other thin film technologies. Other
sources of electricity could prove to be more cost competitive
or desirable than our thin film technology. |
Corporate Information
First Solar, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on
February 22, 2006. We operated as a Delaware limited
liability company from 1999 until 2006. Our corporate
headquarters are located at 4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard,
Building 6, Suite 68, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 and our
telephone number is
(602) 414-9300. We
maintain a website at www.firstsolar.com. The information
contained in or connected to our website is not a part of this
prospectus.
3
The Offering
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Common stock offered by us |
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shares |
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Common stock offered by the selling stockholders |
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shares |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering |
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shares |
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Use of Proceeds |
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We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from our offering
of common stock, after deducting estimated underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses
payable by us, of approximately
$ million,
or approximately
$ million
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full. For a sensitivity analysis as to the offering price, see
“Use of Proceeds”. |
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Of the net proceeds we receive from this offering, we intend to
use: |
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approximately
$ million
to build a manufacturing facility in Asia and fund the
associated ramp-up
costs; |
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approximately
$ million
to repay related party debt; and |
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the remainder for working capital and general corporate
purposes, including potential acquisitions and vertical
integration. |
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We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common
stock by the selling stockholders. See “Use of
Proceeds”. |
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Dividend Policy |
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We do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our
common stock. See “Dividend Policy” and
“Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock”. |
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Listing |
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We have applied to list our common stock on The Nasdaq Global
Market under the symbol “FSLR”. |
All information in this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated
or the context otherwise requires:
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assumes that our common stock will be sold at
$ per
share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the
cover of this prospectus; |
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assumes that the underwriters will not exercise the
over-allotment option granted to them by us; |
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does not give effect
to options,
with an exercise price equal to the price per share set forth on
the cover of this prospectus, we plan to grant recent hires,
directors and certain employees upon the consummation of this
offering; and |
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gives effect to the dissolution of our majority stockholder,
JWMA Partners, LLC, or JWMA, whereby the members of JWMA will
become direct stockholders of First Solar, Inc. See
“Principal and Selling Stockholders”. |
4
Summary Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating
Data
The following table provides a summary of our historical
consolidated financial information for the periods and at the
dates indicated. The summary historical consolidated financial
information for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2003,
December 25, 2004 and December 31, 2005 and as of
December 31, 2005 have been derived from our audited
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The summary historical consolidated financial
information for the six months ended June 25, 2005 and
July 1, 2006 and as of July 1, 2006 have been derived
from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere in this prospectus. In the opinion of management, the
unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared
on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial
statements, and include all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments, that are considered necessary for
a fair presentation of our financial position and operating
results. The results for any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.
The information presented below should be read in conjunction
with “Use of Proceeds”, “Capitalization”,
“Selected Historical Financial Data”,
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated
financial statements and related notes thereto included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Years Ended | |
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Six Months Ended | |
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December 27, | |
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December 25, | |
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December 31, | |
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June 25, | |
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July 1, | |
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2003 | |
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2004 | |
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2005 | |
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2005 | |
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2006 | |
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(as restated) | |
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(as restated) | |
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(dollars in thousands) | |
Statement of Operations:
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Net sales
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$ |
3,210 |
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$ |
13,522 |
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$ |
48,063 |
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$ |
17,897 |
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$ |
41,485 |
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Cost of sales
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11,495 |
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18,851 |
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31,483 |
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11,668 |
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29,113 |
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Gross profit (loss)
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(8,285 |
) |
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(5,329 |
) |
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16,580 |
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6,229 |
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12,372 |
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Research and development
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3,841 |
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1,240 |
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2,372 |
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484 |
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3,055 |
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Selling, general and administrative |
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11,981 |
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9,312 |
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15,825 |
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5,528 |
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14,005 |
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Production start-up
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— |
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900 |
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3,173 |
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490 |
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6,641 |
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Operating loss
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(24,107 |
) |
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(16,781 |
) |
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(4,790 |
) |
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(273 |
) |
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(11,329 |
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Foreign currency gain (loss)
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— |
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116 |
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(1,715 |
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(769 |
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3,090 |
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Interest expense
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(3,974 |
) |
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(100 |
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(418 |
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(66 |
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(708 |
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Other income (expense), net
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38 |
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(6 |
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372 |
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43 |
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591 |
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Income tax expense
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation
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— |
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— |
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89 |
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89 |
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— |
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Net loss
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$ |
(28,043 |
) |
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$ |
(16,771 |
) |
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$ |
(6,462 |
) |
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$ |
(976 |
) |
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$ |
(8,356 |
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Other Financial Data:
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Net cash from (used in) operating activities |
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$ |
(22,228 |
) |
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$ |
(15,185 |
) |
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$ |
5,040 |
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$ |
(2,759 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,137 |
) |
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
14,854 |
|
|
$ |
7,733 |
|
|
$ |
42,481 |
|
|
$ |
13,801 |
|
|
$ |
67,804 |
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forma, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual | |
|
As Adjusted | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance Sheet Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
2006(1) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) | |
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
16,721 |
|
|
$ |
21,395 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
|
73,778 |
|
|
|
141,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
Related party debt |
|
|
28,700 |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other current and long-term debt |
|
|
20,023 |
|
|
|
20,033 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
|
13,129 |
|
|
|
113,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended | |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
June 25, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Other Operating Data (unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solar modules produced (in MW)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.4 |
|
|
|
9.7 |
|
|
|
16.7 |
|
Cost per Watt(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
$ |
1.60 |
|
(1) Reflects
(i) $ million
of borrowings outstanding under our new credit facility as
of ,
2006, (ii) the repayment of the $8.7 million note
payable to a related party and (iii) the sale
of shares
of our common stock by us in this offering at an assumed initial
public offering price of
$ per
share, which represents the mid-point of the estimated offering
price range shown on the cover of this prospectus, and the
application of the net proceeds (including the repayment of
$ million
related party debt) to the Company as described further under
“Use of Proceeds”. Assuming the number of shares
offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this
prospectus, remains the same, after deducting the estimated
underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us in connection with the offering, a $1.00
increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of
$ per
share of common stock (the mid-point of the range set forth on
the cover of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) cash and
equivalents by
$ million
and total capitalization by
$ million
and decrease (increase) total common stock and other
shareholders’ deficit by
$ million.
(2) Solar modules produced (in MW) includes solar modules
held in inventory.
(3) We define average cost per Watt as the total
manufacturing cost incurred during the period, including
stock-based compensation expense relating to our adoption of
SFAS 123(R), divided by the total Watts produced during the
period. Excluding stock-based compensation expense relating to
our adoption of SFAS 123(R) of $822,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2005 and $51,000 and $2,262,000 for the six
months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006,
respectively, our average cost per Watt would have been $1.55
for the year ended December 31, 2005 and $1.49 and $1.47
for the six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1,
2006, respectively.
6
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our stock involves a high degree of risk.
You should carefully consider the following information,
together with the other information in this prospectus, before
buying shares of our stock. If any of the following risks or
uncertainties occur, our business, financial condition and
results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected, the trading price of our stock could decline and you
may lose all or a part of the money you paid to buy our
stock.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our limited operating history may not serve as an adequate
basis to judge our future prospects and results of
operations.
We have a limited operating history. Although we began
developing our predecessor technology in 1987, we did not
complete our pilot manufacturing line until January 2002 and our
Base Plant until November 2004. From our launch of commercial
operations in January 2002 through the end of 2005, we sold
approximately 28MW of solar modules. Relative to the entire
solar energy industry, which had a worldwide installed capacity
of 5GW, or 5,000MW, at the end of 2005, we have sold only a
small percentage of the installed solar modules. As such, our
historical operating results may not provide a meaningful basis
for evaluating our business, financial performance and
prospects. While our net sales grew from $3.2 million in
2003 to $48.1 million in 2005, we may be unable to achieve
similar growth, or to grow at all, in future periods.
Accordingly, you should not rely on our results of operations
for any prior period as an indication of our future performance.
We have incurred losses since our inception and may be
unable to generate sufficient net sales in the future to achieve
and then sustain profitability.
We incurred a net loss of $28.0 million in 2003,
$16.8 million in 2004, $6.5 million in 2005 and
$8.4 million in the first six months of 2006, and had an
accumulated deficit of $157.7 million at July 1, 2006.
We may continue to incur losses in the future. For example, we
expect our net loss to increase significantly in 2006 because of
production start-up
expenses related to the Ohio Expansion and German Plant,
stock-based compensation expense relating to our adoption of
SFAS 123(R) and expenses related to becoming a public
company. In addition, we expect our operating expenses to
increase as we expand our operations. Our ability to reach and
then sustain profitability depends on a number of factors,
including the growth rate of the solar energy industry, the
continued market acceptance of solar modules, the
competitiveness of our solar modules and services and our
ability to increase production volumes. If we are unable to
generate sufficient net sales to become profitable and have a
positive cash flow, we could be unable to satisfy our
commitments and may have to discontinue operations.
Thin film technology has a short history, and our thin
film technology and solar modules may perform below
expectations.
Researchers began developing thin film semiconductor technology
over 20 years ago, but were unable to integrate the
technology into a production line until recently. In addition,
the oldest solar module manufactured on our pilot line has only
been in use since 2001. As a result, our thin film technology
and solar modules do not have a sufficient operating history to
confirm how our solar modules will perform over their estimated
25 year useful life. If our thin film technology and solar
modules perform below expectations, we could lose customers and
face substantial warranty expense.
Our failure to further refine our technology and develop
and introduce improved photovoltaic products could render our
solar modules uncompetitive or obsolete and reduce our sales and
market share.
We will need to invest significant financial resources in
research and development to keep pace with technological
advances in the solar energy industry. However, research and
development activities are inherently uncertain, and we could
encounter practical difficulties in commercializing our research
results. Our significant expenditures on research and
development may not produce corresponding benefits. Other
companies are developing a variety of competing photovoltaic
technologies, including copper indium gallium diselenide and
amorphous silicon, that could produce solar modules that prove
more cost-effective or have better performance than our solar
modules. As a result, our solar modules may be rendered obsolete
by the technological advances of others, which could reduce our
net sales and market share.
7
If photovoltaic technology is not suitable for widespread
adoption, or if sufficient demand for solar modules does not
develop or takes longer to develop than we anticipate, our net
sales may flatten or decline, and we may be unable to achieve
and then sustain profitability.
The solar energy market is at a relatively early stage of
development, and the extent to which solar modules will be
widely adopted is uncertain. If photovoltaic technology proves
unsuitable for widespread adoption or if demand for solar
modules fails to develop sufficiently, we may be unable to grow
our business or generate sufficient net sales to achieve and
then sustain profitability. In addition, demand for solar
modules in our targeted markets, including Germany, may not
develop or may develop to a lesser extent than we anticipate.
Many factors may affect the viability of widespread adoption of
photovoltaic technology and demand for solar modules, including
the following:
|
|
|
|
• |
cost-effectiveness of solar modules compared to conventional and
other non-solar renewable energy sources and products; |
|
|
• |
performance and reliability of solar modules and thin film
technology compared to conventional and other non-solar
renewable energy sources and products; |
|
|
• |
availability and substance of government subsidies and
incentives to support the development of the solar energy
industry; |
|
|
• |
success of other renewable energy generation technologies, such
as hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, solar thermal, concentrated
photovoltaic and biomass; |
|
|
• |
fluctuations in economic and market conditions that affect the
viability of conventional and non-solar renewable energy
sources, such as increases or decreases in the prices of oil and
other fossil fuels; |
|
|
• |
fluctuations in capital expenditures by end-users of solar
modules, which tend to decrease when the economy slows and
interest rates increase; and |
|
|
• |
deregulation of the electric power industry and the broader
energy industry. |
Our future success depends on our ability to build new
manufacturing plants and add production lines in a
cost-effective manner, both of which are subject to risks and
uncertainties.
Our future success depends on our ability to significantly
increase both our manufacturing capacity and production
throughput in a cost-effective and efficient manner. If we
cannot do so, we may be unable to expand our business, decrease
our cost per Watt, maintain our competitive position, satisfy
our contractual obligations or become profitable. Our ability to
expand production capacity is subject to significant risks and
uncertainties, including the following:
|
|
|
|
• |
the need to raise significant additional funds to build
additional manufacturing facilities, which we may be unable to
obtain on reasonable terms or at all; |
|
|
• |
delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors,
many of which may be beyond our control, such as our inability
to secure successful contracts with equipment vendors; |
|
|
• |
our custom-built equipment may take longer and cost more to
engineer than expected and may never operate as designed; |
|
|
• |
delays or denial of required approvals by relevant government
authorities; |
|
|
• |
diversion of significant management attention and other
resources; and |
|
|
• |
failure to execute our expansion plans effectively. |
If our future production lines do not achieve operating
metrics similar to our Base Plant, our solar modules could
perform below expectations and cause us to lose
customers.
Currently, our 25MW Base Plant is our only production line that
has a meaningful history of operating at full capacity. We
recently added two 25MW production lines in our Ohio Expansion;
however, they did not operate at full volume capacity until
August 2006. While our two new production lines produced some
solar modules during the qualification phase, they do not have a
sufficient operating history for us to determine whether we were
successful in replicating the Base Plant. The production lines
in our Ohio Expansion and future production
8
lines could produce solar modules that have lower efficiencies,
higher failure rates and higher rates of degradation than solar
modules from our Base Plant, and we could be unable to determine
the cause of the lower operating metrics or develop and
implement solutions to achieve similar operating metrics as our
Base Plant. The Ohio Expansion represents a “standard
building block” that we intend to replicate in future
production facilities and expansions of our existing production
facilities, including the German Plant and the contemplated
Asian plant. Our replication risk in connection with building
the German Plant, the contemplated Asian plant and other future
manufacturing plants could be higher than our replication risk
in the Ohio Expansion because we expect new lines to be located
internationally, which could raise other factors that will lower
the operating metrics. If we are unable to systematically
replicate our production lines and achieve similar operating
metrics in our Ohio Expansion and future production lines as our
Base Plant, our manufacturing capacity could be substantially
constrained, our manufacturing costs per Watt could increase and
we could lose customers, causing lower net sales and net income
than we anticipate.
Some of our manufacturing equipment is customized and sole
sourced. If our manufacturing equipment fails or if our
equipment suppliers fail to perform under their contracts, we
could experience production disruptions and be unable to satisfy
our contractual requirements.
Some of our manufacturing equipment is customized to our
production line based on designs or specifications we provide
the equipment manufacturer. Following construction, each piece
of equipment is qualified to ensure it meets our production
standards. As a result, such equipment is not readily available
from multiple vendors and would be difficult to repair or
replace if it were to become damaged or stop working. If any
piece of equipment fails, production along the entire production
line could be interrupted and we could be unable to produce
enough solar modules to satisfy our contractual requirements. In
addition, the failure of our equipment suppliers to supply
equipment in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms
could delay our expansion plans and otherwise disrupt our
production schedule or increase our manufacturing costs.
We may be unable to manage the expansion of our operations
effectively.
We expect to expand our business significantly in order to meet
our contractual obligations, satisfy demand for our solar
modules and increase market share. Recently, we expanded our
manufacturing capacity from the existing 25MW at our Base Plant
to an aggregate of 75MW with the completion of our Ohio
Expansion, and we expect to continue expanding our manufacturing
capacity to an aggregate of 175MW by the second half of 2007. To
manage the expansion of our operations, we will be required to
improve our operational and financial systems, procedures and
controls, increase manufacturing capacity and throughput and
expand, train and manage our growing employee base. Our
management will also be required to maintain and expand our
relationships with customers, suppliers and other third parties
as well as attract new customers and suppliers. In addition, our
current and planned operations, personnel, systems and internal
procedures and controls might be inadequate to support our
future growth. If we cannot manage our growth effectively, we
may be unable to take advantage of market opportunities, execute
our business strategies or respond to competitive pressures.
We depend on a limited number of third-party suppliers for
key raw materials, and their failure to perform could cause
manufacturing delays and impair our ability to deliver solar
modules to customers in the required quality, quantities and at
a price that is profitable to us.
Our failure to obtain raw materials and components that meet our
quality, quantity and cost requirements in a timely manner could
interrupt or impair our ability to manufacture our solar modules
or increase our manufacturing cost. Most of our key raw
materials are either sole-sourced or sourced by a limited number
of third-party suppliers. As a result, the failure of any of our
suppliers to perform could disrupt our supply chain and impair
our operations. In addition, many of our suppliers are small
companies that may be unable to supply our increasing demand for
raw materials as we implement our planned rapid expansion. We
may be unable to identify new suppliers or qualify their
products for use on our production lines in a timely manner and
on commercially reasonable terms. Raw materials from new
suppliers may also be less suited for our technology and yield
solar modules with lower conversion efficiencies than solar
modules manufactured with the raw materials from our current
suppliers.
A disruption in our supply chain for cadmium telluride,
the key component of our semiconductor layer, could interrupt or
impair our ability to manufacture solar modules.
The primary raw material we use in our production process is
cadmium telluride, with the tellurium component of cadmium
telluride being the most critical. Currently, we purchase all of
our cadmium telluride in
9
manufactured form from two manufacturers. If any of our current
or future suppliers is unable to perform under its contracts or
purchase orders, our operations could be interrupted or
impaired. In addition, because each supplier must undergo a
lengthy qualification process, we may be unable to replace a
lost supplier in a timely manner and on commercially reasonable
terms. Our supply of cadmium telluride could also be limited if
our suppliers are unable to acquire an adequate supply of
tellurium in a timely manner or at commercially reasonable
prices. If our suppliers cannot obtain sufficient tellurium,
they could substantially increase their prices or be unable to
perform under their contracts. We may be unable to pass
increases in the cost of our raw materials through to our
customers because our customer contracts do not adjust for raw
material price increases and are generally for a longer term
than our raw material supply contracts.
We currently depend on six customers for substantially all
of our net sales. The loss of, or a significant reduction in
orders from, any of these customers could significantly reduce
our net sales and harm our operating results.
We currently sell substantially all of our solar modules to six
customers headquartered in Germany. In 2005, sales to our
largest customer accounted for approximately 45% of our total
net sales. In the first six months of 2006, the same customer
accounted for 22% of our net sales, while two other customers
accounted for 23% and 22% of our net sales. The loss of any of
our customers or their default in payment could significantly
reduce our net sales and harm our operating results. Our Long
Term Supply Contracts commit us to sell, and commit our
customers to buy, solar modules on a six-year basis. While such
a six-year commitment allows us to plan production, committing a
significant majority of our production capacity to a limited
number of customers could make it difficult to identify new
customers and replace any lost customers. We anticipate that our
dependence on a limited number of customers will continue for
the foreseeable future because we have pre-sold a significant
majority of the planned capacity of our Base Plant, Ohio
Expansion and German Plant through 2011, or 2012 if we exercise
our option under each of the six contracts to extend each such
contract for an additional year. As a result, we will have to
rely on future expansions to service new customers. In addition,
our customer relationships have been developed over a relatively
short period of time, and we cannot guarantee that we will have
good relations with our customers in the future. Several of our
competitors have more established relationships with our
customers and may gain a larger share of our customers’
business over time.
If we are unable to further increase the number of
sellable Watts per solar module and reduce our manufacturing
cost per Watt, we will be in default under our Long Term Supply
Contracts and our gross profit could decrease.
Our Long Term Supply Contracts for the purchase and sale of
solar modules require us to deliver solar modules each year
that, in total, meet or exceed a specified minimum average
number of Watts per module for the year. In addition, our Long
Term Supply Contracts specify a sales price per Watt that
declines each year. If we are unable to meet the minimum average
annual number of Watts per module in a given year, we will be in
default under the agreements, entitling our customers to certain
remedies, potentially including the right to terminate. Even if
we are able to deliver solar modules at the minimum annual
average Watts per module and prices, our gross profit and gross
margin could decline if we are unable to reduce our
manufacturing cost per Watt by at least the same rate as which
our contractual prices decrease.
The reduction or elimination of government subsidies and
economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications
could reduce demand for our solar modules, lead to a reduction
in our net sales and harm our operating results.
The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies
and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity may result
in the diminished competitiveness of solar energy relative to
conventional and non-solar renewable sources of energy, and
could materially and adversely affect the growth of the solar
energy industry and our net sales. We believe that the near-term
growth of the market for on-grid applications, where solar
energy is used to supplement the electricity a consumer
purchases from the utility network, depends significantly on the
availability and size of government and economic incentives.
Currently, the cost of solar electricity substantially exceeds
the retail price of electricity in every significant market in
the world. As a result, federal, state and local governmental
bodies in many countries, most notably Germany, Italy, Spain,
South Korea, Japan and the United States, have provided
subsidies in the form of feed-in tariffs, rebates, tax
write-offs and other incentives to
end-users,
distributors, systems integrators and manufacturers of
photovoltaic products. For example, Germany, which accounted for
99.6% of our net sales in 2005, has been a strong supporter of
photovoltaic products and systems, and political changes in
Germany could result in significant reductions or the
elimination of incentives. Many of these
10
government incentives expire, phase out over time, exhaust the
allocated funding or require renewal by the applicable
authority. For example, German subsidies decline at a rate of
5.0% to 6.5% per year (based on the type and size of the
photovoltaic system) and discussions are currently underway
about modifying the German Renewable Energy Law, or the EEG. If
the German government reduces or eliminates the subsidies under
the EEG, demand for photovoltaic products could decline in
Germany. In addition, the Emerging Renewables Program in
California has finite funds that may not last through the
current program period. California subsidies declined from $2.80
to $2.50 per Watt in March 2006, and will continue to
decline as cumulative installations exceed stated thresholds.
Net metering policies in California, which currently only
require each utility to provide net metering up to 0.5% of its
peak demand, could also limit the amount of solar power
installed within California. For example, PG&E,
California’s largest utility, is projected to reach its
0.5% cap within the next few months and will not be required to
provide new end-users with net metering unless California raises
the net metering cap.
In addition, if any of these statutes or regulations is found to
be unconstitutional, or is reduced or discontinued for other
reasons, sales of our solar modules in these countries could
decline significantly, which could have a material adverse
effect on our business and results of operations. For example,
the predecessor to the German EEG was challenged in Germany on
constitutional grounds and in the European Court of Justice as
impermissible state aid. Although the German Federal High Court
of Justice dismissed these constitutional concerns and the
European Court of Justice held that the purchase requirement at
minimum feed-in tariffs did not constitute impermissible state
aid, new proceedings challenging the Renewable Energies Act or
comparable minimum price regulations in other countries in which
we currently operate or intend to operate may be initiated.
Electric utility companies could also lobby for a change in the
relevant legislation in their markets to protect their revenue
streams. The reduction or elimination of government subsidies
and economic incentives for on-grid solar energy applications,
especially those in our target markets, could cause our net
sales to decline and materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Currency translation and transaction risk may negatively
affect our net sales, cost of sales and gross margins, and could
result in exchange losses.
Although our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, we
conduct our business and incur costs in the local currency of
most countries in which we operate. As a result, we are subject
to currency translation risk. For example, 99.6% of our net
sales were outside the United States and denominated in Euros in
2005, and we expect a large percentage of our net sales to be
outside the United States and denominated in foreign currencies
in the future. Changes in exchange rates between foreign
currencies and the U.S. dollar could affect our net sales
and cost of sales, and could result in exchange losses. In
addition, we incur currency transaction risk whenever one of our
operating subsidiaries enters into either a purchase or a sales
transaction using a different currency from our reporting
currency. For example, our Long Term Supply Contracts specify
fixed pricing in Euros for the next six years, or seven years if
we exercise our option under each of the contracts to extend for
an additional year, and do not adjust for changes in the
U.S. dollar to Euro exchange rate. We cannot accurately
predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our
results of operations. Currently, we do not engage in any
exchange rate hedging activities and, as a result, any
volatility in currency exchange rates may have an immediate
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
We could also expand our business into emerging markets, many of
which have an uncertain regulatory environment relating to
currency policy. Conducting business in such emerging markets
could cause our exposure to changes in exchange rates to
increase.
An increase in interest rates could make it difficult for
end-users to finance the cost of a photovoltaic system and could
reduce the demand for our solar modules.
Many of our end-users depend on debt financing to fund the
initial capital expenditure required to purchase and install a
photovoltaic system. As a result, an increase in interest rates
could make it difficult for our end-users to secure the
financing necessary to purchase and install a photovoltaic
system on favorable terms, or at all, and thus lower demand for
our solar modules and reduce our net sales. In addition, we
believe that a significant percentage of our end-users install
photovoltaic systems as an investment, funding the initial
capital expenditure through a combination of equity and debt. An
increase in interest rates could lower an investor’s return
on investment in a photovoltaic system, or make alternative
investments more attractive relative to photovoltaic systems,
and, in each case, could cause these end-users to seek
alternative investments.
11
We face intense competition from manufacturers of
crystalline silicon solar modules, thin film solar modules and
solar thermal and concentrated photovoltaic systems.
The solar energy and renewable energy industries are both highly
competitive and continually evolving as participants strive to
distinguish themselves within their markets and compete with the
larger electric power industry. We believe that our main sources
of competition are crystalline silicon solar module
manufacturers, other thin film solar module manufacturers and
companies developing solar thermal and concentrated photovoltaic
technologies.
At the end of 2005, the global photovoltaic industry consisted
of over 100 manufacturers of photovoltaic cells and solar
modules. Within the photovoltaic industry, we face competition
from crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell and solar module
manufacturers, including BP Solar, Evergreen Solar, Kyocera,
Motech, Q-Cells, Renewable Energy Corporation, Sanyo, Schott
Solar, Sharp, SolarWorld, Sunpower and Suntech. We also face
competition from thin film solar module manufacturers, including
Antec, Kaneka, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Shell Solar, United
Solar and several crystalline silicon manufacturers who are
developing thin film technologies. We may also face competition
from semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor equipment
manufacturers, or their customers, several of which have already
announced their intention to start production of photovoltaic
cells, solar modules or turnkey production lines. In addition to
manufacturers of photovoltaic cells and solar modules, we face
competition from companies developing solar thermal and
concentrated photovoltaic technologies.
Many of our existing and potential competitors have
substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing and
other resources than we do. Our competitors’ greater size
in some cases provides them with a competitive advantage because
they can realize economies of scale and purchase certain raw
materials at lower prices. Many of our competitors also have
greater brand name recognition, more established distribution
networks and larger customer bases. In addition, many of our
competitors have well-established relationships with our current
and potential distributors and have extensive knowledge of our
target markets. As a result of their greater size, some of our
competitors may be able to devote more resources to the
research, development, promotion and sale of their products or
respond more quickly to evolving industry standards and changes
in market conditions than we can. In addition, a significant
increase in the supply of silicon feedstock or a significant
reduction in the manufacturing cost of crystalline silicon solar
modules could lead to pricing pressures for solar modules. Our
failure to adapt to changing market conditions and to compete
successfully with existing or new competitors may materially and
adversely affect our financial condition and results of
operations.
We identified several significant deficiencies in our
internal controls that were deemed to be material weaknesses. If
we are unable to successfully address the material weaknesses in
our internal controls, our ability to report our financial
results on a timely and accurate basis may be adversely
affected.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the
years ended December 25, 2004 and December 31, 2005
and the preparation of this registration statement for our
initial public offering, we identified several significant
deficiencies in our internal controls that were deemed to be
“material weaknesses”, as defined in standards
established by The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations—Controls and
Procedures”.
A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of
control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote
likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim
financial statements will not be prevented or detected.
As of December 31, 2005, we did not maintain effective
controls over the preparation, review and presentation and
disclosure of our consolidated financial statements due to a
lack of personnel with experience in financial reporting and
control procedures necessary for SEC registrants. This failure
caused several significant deficiencies, four of which had a
large enough impact on our operating results to individually
constitute material weaknesses. These material weaknesses were:
(i) we did not maintain effective controls to ensure that
the appropriate labor and overhead expenses were included in the
cost of our inventory and that intercompany profits in inventory
were completely and accurately eliminated as part of the
consolidation process; (ii) we did not maintain effective
controls to ensure the complete and accurate capitalization of
interest in connection with our property, plant and equipment
additions; (iii) we did not maintain effective controls to
properly accrue for warranty obligations; and (iv) we did
not maintain effective controls to properly record the formation
of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC in 1999 and the
subsequent liquidation of minority membership units in 2003.
These control deficiencies resulted in the restatement of our
2004 and 2003 annual consolidated financial statements as well
as audit adjustments to our 2005 annual consolidated financial
statements and to each of the 2005 interim consolidated
financial statements. These control deficiencies could result in
more than a remote likelihood
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that a material misstatement to our annual or interim financial
statements would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, we
have concluded that each of these control deficiencies
constitutes a material weakness.
We are in the process of adopting and implementing several
measures to improve our internal controls. If the remedial
procedures we have adopted and implemented are insufficient to
address our material weakness and significant deficiencies, we
may fail to meet our future reporting obligations, our financial
statements may contain material misstatements and our operating
results may be harmed.
We cannot assure you that additional significant deficiencies or
material weaknesses in our internal control over financial
reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to
maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or
difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result
in additional significant deficiencies or material weaknesses,
cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations or
cause our financial statements to contain material
misstatements. Any such failure could also adversely affect the
results of the periodic management evaluations and annual
auditor attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting that are required
under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and
which will become applicable to us beginning with the required
filing of our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for
fiscal 2007 in the first quarter of 2008. Internal control
deficiencies could also result in a restatement of our financial
statements in the future or cause investors to lose confidence
in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in
our stock price.
Our substantial international operations subject us to a
number of risks, including unfavorable political, regulatory,
labor and tax conditions in foreign countries.
We have significant marketing and distribution operations
outside the United States and expect to continue to have
significant manufacturing operations outside the United States
in the near future. In 2005, 99.6% of our net sales were
generated from customers headquartered in Germany. In the
future, we expect to have operations in other European countries
and Asia and, as a result, we will be subject to the legal,
political, social and regulatory requirements and economic
conditions of many jurisdictions. Risks inherent to
international operations, include, but are not limited to, the
following:
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difficulty in enforcing agreements in foreign legal systems; |
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foreign countries may impose additional withholding taxes or
otherwise tax our foreign income, impose tariffs or adopt other
restrictions on foreign trade and investment, including currency
exchange controls; |
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fluctuations in exchange rates may affect product demand and may
adversely affect our profitability in U.S. dollars to the
extent the price of our solar modules and cost of raw materials
and labor is denominated in a foreign currency; |
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inability to obtain, maintain or enforce intellectual property
rights; |
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risk of nationalization of private enterprises; |
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changes in general economic and political conditions in the
countries in which we operate; |
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unexpected adverse changes in foreign laws or regulatory
requirements, including those with respect to environmental
protection, export duties and quotas; |
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difficulty with staffing and managing widespread operations; |
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trade barriers such as export requirements, tariffs, taxes and
other restrictions and expenses, which could increase the prices
of our solar modules and make us less competitive in some
countries; and |
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difficulty of and costs relating to compliance with the
different commercial and legal requirements of the overseas
markets in which we offer and sell our solar modules. |
Our business in foreign markets requires us to respond to rapid
changes in market conditions in these countries. Our overall
success as a global business depends, in part, on our ability to
succeed in differing legal, regulatory, economic, social and
political conditions. We may not be able to develop and
implement policies and strategies that will be effective in each
location where we do business. In addition, each of the
foregoing risks is likely to take on increased significance as
we implement our plans to expand our foreign manufacturing
operations.
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Problems with product quality or performance may cause us
to incur warranty expenses, damage our market reputation and
prevent us from maintaining or increasing our market
share.
Our solar modules are sold with a five year materials and
workmanship warranty for technical defects and a ten year and
twenty-five year warranty against declines of more than 10% and
20% of their initial rated power, respectively. As a result, we
bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have
sold our solar modules and recognized net sales. As of
July 1, 2006, our accrued warranty expense amounted to
$2.1 million.
Because of the limited operating history of our solar modules,
we have been required to make assumptions regarding the
durability and reliability of our solar modules. Our assumptions
could prove to be materially different from the actual
performance of our solar modules, causing us to incur
substantial expense to repair or replace defective solar modules
in the future. For example, our glass-on-glass modules could
break, delaminate or experience power degradation in excess of
expectations. Any widespread product failures may damage our
market reputation and cause our sales to decline.
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If our estimates regarding the future cost of reclaiming
and recycling our solar modules are incorrect, we could be
required to accrue additional expenses from the time we realize
our estimates are incorrect and also face a significant
unplanned cash burden at the time our end-users return their
solar modules. |
We pre-fund the estimated future obligation for reclaiming and
recycling our solar modules based on the present value of the
expected future cost of such reclaiming and recycling. This cost
includes the cost of packaging the solar module for transport,
the cost of freight from the solar module’s installation
site to a recycling center and the material, labor and capital
costs of the recycling process, as well as an estimated
third-party profit margin and risk rate for such services.
Currently, we base our estimates on our experience reclaiming
and recycling solar modules that do not pass our quality control
tests and modules returned under our warranty, as well as on our
expectations about future developments in recycling technologies
and processes and about economic conditions at the time the
solar modules will be reclaimed and recycled. If our estimates
prove incorrect, we could be required to accrue additional
expenses from the time we realize our estimates are incorrect
and also face a significant unplanned cash burden at the time
our end-users return their solar modules, which could harm our
operating results. In addition, our end-users can return their
solar modules at anytime by paying a small penalty. As a result,
we could be required to reclaim and recycle our solar modules
earlier than we expect and before recycling technologies and
processes improve.
Our future success depends on our ability to retain our
key employees and to successfully integrate them into our
management team.
We are dependent on the services of Michael J. Ahearn, our
President and Chief Executive Officer, George A.
(“Chip”) Hambro, our Chief Operating Officer, Jens
Meyerhoff, our Chief Financial Officer, and other members of our
senior management team. The loss of Mr. Ahearn,
Mr. Hambro, Mr. Meyerhoff or any other member of our
senior management team could have a material adverse effect on
us. There is a risk that we will not be able to retain or
replace these key employees. Several of our current key
employees, including Mr. Hambro, are subject to employment
conditions or arrangements that contain post-employment
non-competition provisions. However, these arrangements permit
the employees to terminate their employment with little or no
notice. We recently added several members to our senior
management team. Integrating them into our management team could
prove disruptive to our daily operations, require a
disproportionate amount of resources and management attention
and prove unsuccessful.
If we are unable to attract, train and retain technical
personnel, our business may be materially and adversely
affected.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on our
ability to attract, train and retain technical personnel.
Recruiting and retaining capable personnel, particularly those
with expertise in the photovoltaic industry, thin film
technology and cadmium telluride, are vital to our success.
There is substantial competition for qualified technical
personnel, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to
attract or retain our technical personnel. If we are unable to
attract and retain qualified employees, our business may be
materially and adversely affected.
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Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights
may undermine our competitive position, and litigation to
protect our intellectual property rights or defend against
third-party allegations of infringement may be costly.
Protection of our proprietary processes, methods and other
technology, especially our proprietary vapor transport
deposition process and laser scribing process, is critical to
our business. Failure to protect and monitor the use of our
existing intellectual property rights could result in the loss
of valuable technologies. We rely primarily on patents,
trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and other contractual
restrictions to protect our intellectual property. As of
August 1, 2006, we held 28 patents in the United States and
15 patents in foreign jurisdictions. A majority of our patents
expire at various times between 2007 and 2023. Our existing
patents and future patents could be challenged, invalidated,
circumvented or rendered unenforceable. We have 23 pending
patent applications in the United States and 48 pending patent
applications in foreign jurisdictions. Our pending patent
applications may not result in issued patents, or if patents are
issued to us, such patents may not provide meaningful protection
against competitors or against competitive technologies.
We also rely upon unpatented proprietary manufacturing
expertise, continuing technological innovation and other trade
secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. While
we generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our
employees and third parties to protect our intellectual
property, such confidentiality agreements are limited in
duration and could be breached, and may not provide meaningful
protection for our trade secrets or proprietary manufacturing
expertise. Adequate remedies may not be available in the event
of unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and
manufacturing expertise. In addition, others may obtain
knowledge of our trade secrets through independent development
or legal means. The failure of our patents or confidentiality
agreements to protect our processes, equipment, technology,
trade secrets and proprietary manufacturing expertise, methods
and compounds could have a material adverse effect on our
business. In addition, effective patent, trademark, copyright
and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in
some foreign countries. In some countries we have not applied
for patent, trademark or copyright protection.
Third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietary
technologies or other intellectual property rights, which could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition or operating results. Policing unauthorized use of
proprietary technology can be difficult and expensive. Also,
litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property
rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and
scope of the proprietary rights of others. We cannot assure you
that the outcome of such potential litigation will be in our
favor. Such litigation may be costly and may divert management
attention and other resources away from our business. An adverse
determination in any such litigation will impair our
intellectual property rights and may harm our business,
prospects and reputation. In addition, we have no insurance
coverage against litigation costs and would have to bear all
costs arising from such litigation to the extent we are unable
to recover them from other parties.
We may be exposed to infringement or misappropriation
claims by third parties, which, if determined adversely to us,
could cause us to pay significant damage awards or prohibit us
from the manufacture and sale of our solar modules or the use of
our technology.
Our success depends largely on our ability to use and develop
our technology and know-how without infringing or
misappropriating the intellectual property rights of third
parties. The validity and scope of claims relating to
photovoltaic technology patents involve complex scientific,
legal and factual questions and analysis and, therefore, may be
highly uncertain. We may be subject to litigation involving
claims of patent infringement or violation of intellectual
property rights of third parties. The defense and prosecution of
intellectual property suits, patent opposition proceedings and
related legal and administrative proceedings can be both costly
and time consuming and may significantly divert the efforts and
resources of our technical and management personnel. An adverse
determination in any such litigation or proceedings to which we
may become a party could subject us to significant liability to
third parties, require us to seek licenses from third parties,
which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, pay
ongoing royalties or redesign our solar module, or subject us to
injunctions prohibiting the manufacture and sale of our solar
modules or the use of our technologies. Protracted litigation
could also result in our customers or potential customers
deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our solar modules
until resolution of such litigation.
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Existing regulations and policies and changes to these
regulations and policies may present technical, regulatory and
economic barriers to the purchase and use of photovoltaic
products, which may significantly reduce demand for our solar
modules.
The market for electricity generation products is heavily
influenced by foreign, federal, state and local government
regulations and policies concerning the electric utility
industry, as well as policies promulgated by electric utilities.
These regulations and policies often relate to electricity
pricing and technical interconnection of customer-owned
electricity generation. In the United States and in a number of
other countries, these regulations and policies have been
modified in the past and may be modified again in the future.
These regulations and policies could deter end-user purchases of
photovoltaic products and investment in the research and
development of photovoltaic technology. For example, without a
mandated regulatory exception for photovoltaic systems, utility
customers are often charged interconnection or standby fees for
putting distributed power generation on the electric utility
grid. These fees could increase the cost to our end-users of
using photovoltaic systems and make them less desirable, thereby
harming our business, prospects, results of operations and
financial condition. In addition, electricity generated by
photovoltaic systems mostly competes with expensive peak hour
electricity, rather than the less expensive average price of
electricity. Modifications to the peak hour pricing policies of
utilities, such as to a flat rate, would require photovoltaic
systems to achieve lower prices in order to compete with the
price of electricity.
We anticipate that our solar modules and their installation will
be subject to oversight and regulation in accordance with
national and local ordinances relating to building codes,
safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and
metering and related matters. It is difficult to track the
requirements of individual states and design equipment to comply
with the varying standards. Any new government regulations or
utility policies pertaining to our solar modules may result in
significant additional expenses to us, our resellers and their
customers and, as a result, could cause a significant reduction
in demand for our solar modules.
Environmental obligations and liabilities could have a
substantial negative impact on our financial condition, cash
flows and profitability.
Our operations involve the use, handling, generation,
processing, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous
materials and are subject to extensive environmental laws and
regulations at the national, state, local and international
level. Such environmental laws and regulations include those
governing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water,
the use, management and disposal of hazardous materials and
wastes, the cleanup of contaminated sites and occupational
health and safety. We have incurred, and will continue to incur,
significant costs and capital expenditures in complying with
these laws and regulations. In addition, violations of, or
liabilities under, environmental laws or permits may result in
restrictions being imposed on our operating activities or in our
being subjected to substantial fines, penalties, criminal
proceedings, third party property damage or personal injury
claims, cleanup costs or other costs. While we believe we are
currently in substantial compliance with applicable
environmental requirements, future developments such as more
aggressive enforcement policies, the implementation of new, more
stringent laws and regulations, or the discovery of unknown
environmental conditions may require expenditures that could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
In addition, certain components of our products contain cadmium
telluride and cadmium sulfide. Elemental cadmium and certain of
its compounds are regulated as hazardous due to the adverse
health effects that may arise from human exposure. Although the
risks of exposure to cadmium telluride are not believed to be as
serious as those relating to the exposure of elemental cadmium,
the chemical, physical and toxicological properties of cadmium
telluride have not been thoroughly investigated and reported. We
maintain engineering controls to minimize employee exposure to
cadmium and require our employees who handle cadmium compounds
to follow certain safety procedures, including the use of
personal protective equipment such as respirators, chemical
goggles and protective clothing. In addition, we believe the
risk of exposure to cadmium or cadmium compounds from our
end-products is limited by the fully encapsulated nature of such
materials in our products, as well as the implementation in 2005
of our end of life recycling program for our solar modules.
While we believe that such factors and procedures are sufficient
to protect our employees,
end-users and the
general public from cadmium exposure, we cannot assure you that
human or environmental exposure to cadmium or cadmium compounds
used in our products will not occur. Any such exposure could
result in future third-party claims against us, as well as
damage to our reputation and heightened regulatory scrutiny of
our products. The occurrence of such future events could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or
results of operations.
The use of cadmium in various products is also coming under
increasingly stringent governmental regulation. Future
regulation in this area could impact the manufacture and sale of
cadmium-containing solar modules and could require us to make
unforeseen environmental expenditures. For example, the European
Union
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Directive 2002/96/ EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment, or the “WEEE Directive”, requires
manufacturers of certain electrical and electronic equipment to
be financially responsible for the collection, recycling,
treatment and disposal of specified products placed on the
market in the European Union. In addition, European Union
Directive 2002/95/ EC on the Restriction of the use of Hazardous
Substances in electrical and electronic equipment, or the
“RoHS Directive”, restricts the use of certain
hazardous substances, including cadmium, in specified products.
Other jurisdictions are considering adopting similar
legislation. Currently, our solar modules are not subject to the
WEEE or RoHS Directives; however, the Directives allow for
future amendments subjecting additional products to the
Directives’ requirements. If, in the future, our solar
modules become subject to such requirements, we may be required
to apply for an exemption. If we were unable to obtain an
exemption, we would be required to redesign our solar modules in
order to continue to offer them for sale within the European
Union, which would be impractical. Failure to comply with the
Directives could result in the imposition of fines and
penalties, the inability to sell our solar modules in the
European Union, competitive disadvantages and loss of net sales,
all of which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have limited insurance coverage and may incur losses
resulting from product liability claims, business interruptions
or natural disasters.
We are exposed to risks associated with product liability claims
in the event that the use of our solar modules results in
personal injury or property damage. Since our solar modules are
electricity-producing devices, it is possible that users could
be injured or killed by our solar modules, whether by product
malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other causes. We
commenced commercial shipment of our solar modules in 2002 and,
due to our limited historical experience, we are unable to
predict whether product liability claims will be brought against
us in the future or the effect of any resulting adverse
publicity on our business. Moreover, we may not have adequate
resources and insurance to satisfy a judgment in the event of a
successful claim against us. The successful assertion of product
liability claims against us could result in potentially
significant monetary damages and require us to make significant
payments. Any business disruption or natural disaster could
result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
The Estate of John T. Walton and JCL Holdings, LLC
will control us after this offering, and its interests may
conflict with or differ from your interests as a
stockholder.
Upon the consummation of this offering and the dissolution of
JWMA Partners, LLC, our current majority stockholder, the Estate
of John T. Walton and JCL Holdings, LLC (together, the
“Estate”) will beneficially own a majority of our
outstanding common stock. Although we intend to have an
independent board upon the consummation of this offering, the
Estate will have substantial influence over all matters
requiring stockholder approval, including the election of our
directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions
such as mergers, tender offers and the sale of all or
substantially all of our assets. In addition, our amended
certificate of incorporation and by-laws will provide that
stockholders holding 40% or more of our voting stock may call
for a special meeting of the stockholders, at which our
stockholders could replace our board of directors. The interests
of the Estate could conflict with or differ from your interests
as a holder of our common stock. For example, the concentration
of ownership held by the Estate could delay, defer or prevent a
change of control of our company or impede a merger, takeover or
other business combination which you may otherwise view
favorably.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning
of the NASD rules and, as a result, will qualify for exemptions
from certain corporate governance requirements.
Upon the consummation of this offering, the Estate will continue
to control a majority of our outstanding common stock. Under the
NASD rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power
is held by an individual, group or another company is a
“controlled company” and may elect not to comply with
certain corporate governance requirements, including:
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the requirement that a majority of the board of directors
consist of independent directors; |
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the requirement that we have a nominating committee that is
composed entirely of independent directors with a formal written
charter or board resolution addressing the committee’s
purpose and responsibilities; |
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the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is
composed entirely of independent directors with a formal written
charter or board resolution addressing the committee’s
purpose and responsibilities; and |
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the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the
nominating and compensation committees. |
We do not intend to utilize these exemptions upon the
consummation of this offering. However, we could decide to
utilize one or more of these exceptions in the future. If we
decide to utilize any of these exceptions, you would not have
the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that
are subject to all of these corporate governance requirements.
Risks Relating to This Offering
No market currently exists for our common stock. We cannot
assure you that an active trading market will develop for our
common stock.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for
shares of our common stock. We cannot predict the extent to
which investor interest in our company will lead to the
development of a trading market on The Nasdaq Global Market or
otherwise or how liquid that market might become. The initial
public offering price for the shares of our common stock is, or
will be determined by, negotiations between us, the selling
stockholders and the underwriters, and may not be indicative of
prices that will prevail in the open market following this
offering.
If our stock price fluctuates after this offering, you
could lose a significant part of your investment.
The market price of our stock may be influenced by many factors,
some of which are beyond our control, including those described
above under “—Risks Relating to Our Business” and
the following:
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the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock
after this offering or changes in financial estimates by
analysts; |
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the inability to meet the financial estimates of analysts who
follow our common stock; |
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announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts,
productions, acquisitions or capital commitments; |
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variations in quarterly operating results; |
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general economic conditions; |
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terrorist acts; |
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future sales of our common stock; and |
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investor perception of us and the renewable energy industry. |
As a result of these factors, investors in our common stock may
not be able to resell their shares at or above the initial
offering price. These broad market and industry factors may
materially reduce the market price of our common stock,
regardless of our operating performance.
Public investors will experience immediate and substantial
dilution as a result of this offering.
Existing investors have paid substantially less per share for
our common stock than the assumed initial public offering price
in this offering. Accordingly, if you purchase common stock in
this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial
dilution of your investment. Based upon the issuance and sale
of million
shares of common stock by us at an assumed initial public
offering price of
$ per
share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover
page of this prospectus), you will incur immediate dilution of
approximately
$ in
the net tangible book value per share if you purchase shares in
this offering.
We also have
approximately outstanding
stock options to purchase common stock with exercise prices that
are below the assumed initial public offering price of the
common stock. To the extent that these options are exercised,
there will be further dilution.
Shares eligible for future sale may cause the market price
of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business
is doing well.
The market price of our common stock could decline as a result
of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the
market after this offering or the perception that these sales
could occur. These sales, or the
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possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more
difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a
time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
After the consummation of this offering, there will
be shares
of our common stock
( shares
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full).
The shares
of common stock sold in this offering
( shares
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full) will be freely tradeable without restriction or further
registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, by
persons other than our affiliates within the meaning of
Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a
public company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting
and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.
In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new
rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock
Market, have required changes in corporate governance practices
of public companies. We expect these new rules and regulations
to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make
some activities more time-consuming and costly. In addition, we
will incur additional costs associated with our public company
reporting requirements. We also expect these new rules and
regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us
to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be
required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur
substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar
coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to
attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of
directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating
and monitoring developments with respect to these new rules, and
we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we
may incur or the timing of such costs.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal
controls in accordance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our
business and stock price.
As a public company, we will be required to document and test
our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act,
which will require annual management assessments of the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
and a report by our independent registered public accounting
firm that both addresses management’s assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
During the course of our testing, we may identify deficiencies
which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet our
deadline for compliance with Section 404. Testing and
maintaining internal control can divert our management’s
attention from other matters that are important to our business.
We also expect the new regulations to increase our legal and
financial compliance cost, make it more difficult to attract and
retain qualified officers and members of our board of directors,
particularly to serve on our audit committee, and make some
activities more difficult, time consuming and costly. We may not
be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective
internal control over financial reporting in accordance with
Section 404 or our independent registered public accounting
firm may not be able or willing to issue an unqualified report
on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting. If we conclude that our internal control over
financial reporting are not effective. We cannot be certain as
to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and
remediation actions or their effect on our operations since
there is presently no precedent available by which to measure
compliance adequacy. If either we are unable to conclude that we
have effective internal control over financial reporting or our
independent auditors are unable to provide us with an
unqualified report as required by Section 404, then
investors could lose confidence in our reported financial
information, which could have a negative effect on the trading
price of our stock. See “—Risks Relating to Our
Business—We identified several significant deficiencies in
our internal controls that were deemed to be material
weaknesses. If we are unable to successfully address the
material weaknesses in our internal controls, our ability to
report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis may
be adversely affected”.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes “forward-looking statements”
that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements
include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals,
strategies, future events, future net sales or performance,
capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions
relating to acquisitions, business trends and other information
that is not historical information and, in particular, appear
under the headings “Prospectus Summary”,
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations”, “Industry”
and “Business”. When used in this prospectus, the
words “estimates”, “expects”,
“anticipates”, “projects”,
“plans”, “intends”, “believes”,
“forecasts”, “foresees”, “likely”,
“may”, should”, “goal”,
“target” and variations of such words or similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements are based upon information
available to us on the date of this prospectus.
These forward-looking statements are subject to risks,
uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of
our control, that could cause actual results to differ
materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking
statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed
in this prospectus in the sections captioned “Risk
Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
Factors you should consider that could cause these differences
are:
|
|
|
|
• |
the worldwide demand for electricity and the market for
renewable energy, including solar energy; |
|
|
• |
the ability or inability of conventional fossil fuel-based
generation technologies to meet the worldwide demand for
electricity; |
|
|
• |
our competitive position and our expectation regarding key
competitive factors; |
|
|
• |
government subsidies and policies supporting renewable energy,
including solar energy; |
|
|
• |
our expenses, sources of net sales and international sales and
operations; |
|
|
• |
future pricing of our solar modules and the photovoltaic systems
in which they are incorporated; |
|
|
• |
the performance, features and benefits of our solar modules and
plans for the enhancement of solar modules; |
|
|
• |
the possibility of liability for pollution and other damage that
is not covered by insurance or that exceeds our insurance
coverage; |
|
|
• |
the supply and price of components and raw materials, including
tellurium; |
|
|
• |
our ability to expand our manufacturing capacity in a timely and
cost-effective manner; |
|
|
• |
our ability to attract new customers and to develop and maintain
existing customer and supplier relationships; |
|
|
• |
our ability to retain our current key executives, integrate new
key executives and to attract and retain other skilled
managerial, engineering and sales marketing personnel; |
|
|
• |
elements of our marketing, growth and diversification strategies
including our strategy to reduce dependence on government
subsidies; |
|
|
• |
our intellectual property and our continued investment in
research and development; |
|
|
• |
changes in the status of legal proceedings or the commencement
of new material legal proceedings; |
|
|
• |
changes in, or the failure to comply with, government
regulations and environmental, health and safety requirements; |
|
|
• |
interest rate fluctuations and both our and our end-users’
ability to secure financing on commercially reasonable terms or
at all; |
|
|
• |
foreign currency fluctuations and devaluations and political
instability in our foreign markets; and |
|
|
• |
general economic and business conditions including those
influenced by international and geopolitical events such as the
war in Iraq and any future terrorist attacks. |
There may be other factors that could cause our actual results
to differ materially from the results referred to in the
forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to
publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect
events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the
occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
20
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from our offering
of our common stock, after deducting underwriting discounts and
commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us,
of approximately
$ million,
or approximately
$ million
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, in each case assuming the shares are offered at
$ per
share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the
cover of this prospectus. Of the net proceeds we receive from
this offering, we intend to use approximately
$ million
to build a manufacturing facility in Asia and fund the
associated ramp-up
costs, approximately
$ million
to repay debt to the Estate of John T. Walton and the
remainder for working capital and general corporate purposes,
including potential acquisitions and vertical integration.
The debt that we intend to redeem with the net proceeds of this
offering bears interest at the commercial prime lending rate and
is due upon the earlier of the completion of this offering and
January 18, 2008. We incurred this debt on July 26,
2006, and used $8.7 million of the proceeds to repay the
principal of our loan from Kingston Properties LLC and the
remainder to fund capital expenditure of the German Plant.
Assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated
offering expenses payable by us, a $1.00 increase (decrease) in
the assumed public offering price of
$ per
share of common stock, the mid-point of the range set forth on
the cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our
expended net proceeds by approximately
$ million.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common
stock by the selling stockholders.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never paid, and it is our present intention for the
foreseeable future not to pay, dividends on our common stock.
The declaration and payment of dividends is subject to the
discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various
factors, including our net income, financial conditions, cash
requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant
by our Board of Directors.
21
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and
our capitalization as of July 1, 2006 (i) on an actual
consolidated basis for First Solar, Inc. (ii) on a pro
forma basis giving effect to
$ million
of borrowings outstanding as
of ,
2006 under our new IKB credit facility and the revolving loan
agreement with a related party and the repayment of the
$8.7 million note payable to a related party and
(iii) on a pro forma, as adjusted basis after giving
further effect to this offering, including the application of
the net proceeds. You should read this table in conjunction with
“Selected Historical Financial Data”, “Use of
Proceeds”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and all
of the financial statements and the related notes thereto
included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of July 1, 2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma, | |
|
|
Actual | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
As Adjusted (1) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(in thousands, except par value) | |
Debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IKB credit facility
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Related party debt
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt with the State of Ohio
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
Capital lease obligations
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt:
|
|
|
28,733 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock and Shareholders’ Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share:
actual and pro
forma: shares
authorized, shares
issued and outstanding; pro forma, as
adjusted: shares
authorized, shares
issued and outstanding
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in-capital
|
|
|
270,985 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(157,733 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
113,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$ |
142,097 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting
the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by us in connection with the
offering, a $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public
offering price of
$ per
share of common stock (the mid-point of the range set forth on
the cover of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) total
capitalization by
$ million
and total shareholders’ equity by
$ million. |
22
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted
to the extent of the difference between the initial public
offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma
net tangible book value per share of our common stock
immediately after the completion of this offering.
Dilution results from the fact that the per share offering price
of our common stock is substantially in excess of the book value
per share attributable to the existing stockholders for our
presently outstanding stock. Our net tangible book value as
of ,
2006 was
$ million,
or
$ per
share of common stock. Assuming that
the shares
of our common stock offered by us under this prospectus are sold
at a public offering price of
$ per
share (the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of
this prospectus), after deducting the estimated underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses
payable by us, our pro forma net tangible book value as
of ,
2006, would have been approximately
$ million,
or
$ per
share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net
tangible book value of
$ per
share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of
$ per
share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in
this offering.
The following table illustrates this substantial and immediate
per share dilution to new investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per Share | |
|
|
| |
Assumed initial public offering price
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Net tangible book value as
of ,
2006
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in net tangible book value attributable to new
investors purchasing shares in this offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net tangible book value after this offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilution to new investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price
of
$ per
share would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book
value per share after this offering by
$ ,
and the dilution to new investors by
$ ,
assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after
deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions
and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, the increase in net tangible book value attributable to
new investors purchasing shares in this offering would be
$ ,
the pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock
would be
$ and
the dilution to new investors would be
$ .
The following table summarizes, as
of ,
2006, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to this offering,
the total number of shares of common stock purchased from us,
the total consideration paid to us, assuming a public offering
price of
$ per
share (before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and
commissions and offering expenses payable by us in this
offering), and the average price per share paid by existing
stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares in this
offering. The following table is illustrative only and the total
consideration paid and the average price per share is subject to
adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price per
share and other items of this offering determined at pricing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased | |
|
Total Consideration | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Average Price | |
|
|
Number | |
|
Percent | |
|
Amount | |
|
Percent | |
|
Per Share | |
(total consideration amount in millions) |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Existing stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
$ |
|
|
New investors(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) Excludes shares
or of our common stock to be sold by the selling stockholders to
the new investors in this offering, and for which we will not
receive any net proceeds. See “Principal and Selling
Stockholders”.
23
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, the number of shares held by new investors will increase
to shares,
or % of the total number of shares
of our common stock outstanding after this offering.
Except as otherwise noted, the discussion and tables above
assume no exercise of
the outstanding
stock options as
of ,
2006, with a weighted average exercise price of
$ per
share, which
includes options
to purchase shares of common stock that are
in-the-money, compared
to mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover page of
this prospectus. To the extent any of these options are
exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. If
all of our outstanding stock options are exercised, you will
experience additional dilution of
$ per
share.
24
SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our selected historical
consolidated financial information for the periods and at the
dates indicated. First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC
cancelled substantially all of its minority membership units in
January 2003, leaving it as a single-member limited liability
company. In the Selected Historical Financial Data,
“Predecessor” refers to First Solar pre-cancellation
of minority interests and “Successor” refers to First
Solar post-cancellation of minority interests.
The selected historical consolidated financial information for
the fiscal years ended December 27, 2003, December 25,
2004 and December 31, 2005 and as of December 25, 2004
and December 31, 2005 have been derived from the audited
consolidated financial statements of the Successor included
elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical
consolidated financial information as of December 27, 2003
have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements of the Successor not included in this prospectus. The
selected historical consolidated financial information for the
years ended December 29, 2001 and December 28, 2002
and as of December 29, 2001 and December 28, 2002 have
been derived from the unaudited consolidated financial
statements of the Predecessor not included in this prospectus.
The selected historical consolidated financial information for
the six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006
and as of July 1, 2006 have been derived from the unaudited
consolidated financial statements of the Successor included
elsewhere in this prospectus. In the opinion of management, the
unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared
on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial
statements, and include all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments, that are considered necessary for
a fair presentation of our financial position and operating
results. The results for any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.
The information presented below should be read in conjunction
with “Use of Proceeds”, “Capitalization”,
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated
financial statements and related notes thereto included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor(1) | |
|
|
Successor(1) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Dec 29, | |
|
Dec 28, | |
|
|
Dec 27, | |
|
Dec 25, | |
|
Dec 31, | |
|
June 25, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) | |
Statement of Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
490 |
|
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
|
$ |
48,063 |
|
|
$ |
17,897 |
|
|
$ |
41,485 |
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
14,271 |
|
|
|
7,007 |
|
|
|
|
11,495 |
|
|
|
18,851 |
|
|
|
31,483 |
|
|
|
11,668 |
|
|
|
29,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(14,271 |
) |
|
|
(6,517 |
) |
|
|
|
(8,285 |
) |
|
|
(5,329 |
) |
|
|
16,580 |
|
|
|
6,229 |
|
|
|
12,372 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
3,766 |
|
|
|
6,029 |
|
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
1,240 |
|
|
|
2,372 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
3,055 |
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
7,570 |
|
|
|
9,588 |
|
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
|
|
9,312 |
|
|
|
15,825 |
|
|
|
5,528 |
|
|
|
14,005 |
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
3,173 |
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
6,641 |
|
Facility closure and relocation
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(25,726 |
) |
|
|
(22,134 |
) |
|
|
|
(24,107 |
) |
|
|
(16,781 |
) |
|
|
(4,790 |
) |
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
(11,329 |
) |
Foreign currency gain (loss)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(1,715 |
) |
|
|
(769 |
) |
|
|
3,090 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(1,408 |
) |
|
|
(4,158 |
) |
|
|
|
(3,974 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(418 |
) |
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
(708 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
591 |
|
Income tax expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
(27,134 |
) |
|
|
(26,224 |
) |
|
|
|
(28,043 |
) |
|
|
(16,771 |
) |
|
|
(6,551 |
) |
|
|
(1,065 |
) |
|
|
(8,356 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(27,134 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,224 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(976 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flow Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash from (used in) operating activities
|
|
$ |
(15,420 |
) |
|
$ |
(22,128 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(22,228 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,185 |
) |
|
$ |
5,040 |
|
|
$ |
(2,759 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,137 |
) |
Net cash from (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
(2,855 |
) |
|
|
(3,833 |
) |
|
|
|
(15,224 |
) |
|
|
(7,790 |
) |
|
|
(43,832 |
) |
|
|
(15,035 |
) |
|
|
(69,461 |
) |
Net cash from (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
18,876 |
|
|
|
26,450 |
|
|
|
|
39,129 |
|
|
|
22,900 |
|
|
|
51,663 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
83,370 |
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor(1) | |
|
|
Successor(1) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
Dec 29, | |
|
Dec 28, | |
|
|
Dec 27, | |
|
Dec 25, | |
|
Dec 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) | |
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
1,560 |
|
|
$ |
2,050 |
|
|
|
$ |
3,727 |
|
|
$ |
3,465 |
|
|
$ |
16,721 |
|
|
$ |
21,395 |
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
|
1,907 |
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
|
|
1,098 |
|
|
|
12,808 |
|
Inventories
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
2,058 |
|
|
|
|
1,562 |
|
|
|
3,686 |
|
|
|
6,917 |
|
|
|
7,898 |
|
Property, plant and equipment, net
|
|
|
7,158 |
|
|
|
9,842 |
|
|
|
|
23,699 |
|
|
|
29,277 |
|
|
|
73,778 |
|
|
|
141,910 |
|
Total assets
|
|
|
9,634 |
|
|
|
14,377 |
|
|
|
|
31,575 |
|
|
|
41,765 |
|
|
|
101,884 |
|
|
|
191,002 |
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
27,048 |
|
|
|
58,005 |
|
|
|
|
11,019 |
|
|
|
19,124 |
|
|
|
63,490 |
|
|
|
51,597 |
|
Accrued recycling
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
1,973 |
|
Current debt
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
20,142 |
|
|
|
1,793 |
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
23,550 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
13,700 |
|
|
|
28,581 |
|
|
|
26,940 |
|
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(17,414 |
) |
|
|
(43,628 |
) |
|
|
|
20,556 |
|
|
|
22,641 |
|
|
|
13,129 |
|
|
|
113,364 |
|
|
|
(1) |
In January 2003, First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC
cancelled substantially all of its minority membership units,
leaving it as a single-member limited liability company. The
cancellation of substantially all of First Solar US
Manufacturing, LLC’s minority membership units in January
2003 did not affect the results of operations, financial
condition and cash flows of the Successor. As a result, we
believe that the Predecessor and Successor financial statements
are comparable. |
26
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis summarizes the
significant factors affecting our results of operations and
financial condition during the three year period ended
December 31, 2005 and the six month periods ended
June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006. This discussion
contains forward-looking statements that involve known and
unknown risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ
significantly from those anticipated by the forward-looking
statements for many reasons, including those described in
“Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking
Statements”, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this
prospectus. You should read the following discussion with
“Selected Historical Financial Data” and all the
historical financial statements and related notes thereto
included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We design and manufacture solar modules using a proprietary thin
film semiconductor technology that has established us as one of
the lowest cost solar module manufacturers in the world. Each
solar module employs a thin layer of cadmium telluride
semiconductor material to convert sunlight into electricity. We
manufacture our solar modules on a high-throughput production
line and we perform all manufacturing steps ourselves in an
automated, continuous process. In 2005 and during the first
six months of 2006, we sold almost all of our solar modules
to solar project developers and system integrators headquartered
in Germany.
Currently, we manufacture our solar modules and conduct our
research and development activities at our Perrysburg, Ohio
manufacturing facility. We completed the qualification of our
Base Plant in Perrysburg, Ohio for high volume production in
November 2004. During 2005, the first full year our Base Plant
operated at high volume production, we reduced our average
manufacturing cost per Watt to $1.59, from $2.94 in 2004. Our
average manufacturing cost per Watt increased from $1.50 in the
first six months of 2005 to $1.60 in the first six months of
2006 primarily as a result of a $0.12 increase in stock-based
compensation expense relating to our adoption of
SFAS 123(R). We define average manufacturing cost per Watt
as the total manufacturing cost incurred during the period,
including stock-based compensation expense relating to our
adoption of SFAS 123(R), divided by the total Watts
produced during the period. By continuing to expand production
and improve our technology and manufacturing process, we believe
that we can further reduce our manufacturing costs per Watt. Our
objective is to become, by 2010, the first solar module
manufacturer to offer a solar electricity solution that competes
on a non-subsidized basis with the price of retail electricity
in key markets in the United States, Europe and Asia. To
approach the price of retail electricity in such markets, we
believe that we will need to reduce our manufacturing costs by
an additional 40-50%, assuming prices for traditional energy
sources remain flat on an inflation adjusted basis.
First Solar was founded in 1999 to bring an advanced thin film
semiconductor process into commercial production through the
acquisition of predecessor technology and the initiation of a
research, development and production program that allowed us to
improve upon the predecessor technology and launch commercial
operations in January 2002. From January 2002 to the end of
2005, we sold approximately 28MW of solar modules. During the
first six months of 2006, we sold 18.0MW of solar modules.
We converted, on February 22, 2006, from a Delaware limited
liability company to a Delaware corporation. Prior to
February 22, 2006, we operated as a Delaware limited
liability company.
Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday before December 31.
All references to fiscal year 2005 relate to the 53 weeks
ended December 31, 2005, all references to fiscal year 2004
relate to the 52 weeks ended December 25, 2004 and all
references to fiscal year 2003 refer to the 52 weeks ended
December 27, 2003. References to fiscal year 2006 and years
thereafter relate to our fiscal years for such periods. We use a
13 week fiscal quarter. All references to the first
six months of 2006 relate to the 26 weeks ended
July 1, 2006 and all references to the first
six months of 2005 relate to the 26 weeks ended
June 25, 2005.
We commenced low volume commercial production of solar modules
with our pilot production line in Perrysburg, Ohio in January
2002. During 2003 and 2004, while continuing to sell solar
modules manufactured on our pilot line, we designed the Base
Plant, a replicable, high-throughput production line. We
ultimately merged most of the equipment from the pilot line into
the Base Plant, completing the qualification of the Base Plant
for full volume production in November 2004, with an expected
annual capacity of 25MW. In February 2005, we commenced
construction of two additional 25MW production lines at our
Perrysburg, Ohio facility in our Ohio Expansion. We completed
the qualification of the Ohio Expansion for full volume
production in August 2006.
27
During the construction of the Ohio Expansion, we improved
certain aspects of the Base Plant, including the building design
and layout and the design and manufacture of certain production
equipment. Our two-line Ohio Expansion represents a
“standard building block” for building future
production facilities or expansions of our existing production
facilities.
In February 2006, we commenced construction of our German Plant,
a new manufacturing facility located in Frankfurt (Oder), in the
State of Brandenburg, Germany that will house four 25MW
production lines. We anticipate completing the qualification of
the German Plant for full volume production during the second
half of 2007. We are also in the planning stage for a new
manufacturing plant in Asia.
The following table summarizes our current and in-process
production capacity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual Production Capacity of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing Facility(1) | |
|
Date Qualification | |
|
|
Number of | |
|
| |
|
Completed for | |
|
|
Production | |
|
Number of Solar | |
|
|
|
Full Volume | |
Manufacturing Facility |
|
Lines | |
|
Modules | |
|
Watts | |
|
Production | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Base Plant
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
|
25MW |
|
|
|
November 2004 |
|
Ohio Expansion
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
800,000 |
|
|
|
50MW |
|
|
|
August 2006 |
|
German Plant
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1,600,000 |
|
|
|
100MW |
|
|
|
Second half of 2007 (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Current and Planned
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
2,800,000 |
|
|
|
175MW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The annual capacity of our manufacturing facilities is based on
an annual run rate of 400,000 solar modules per production line
and a power rating of approximately 62 Watts per solar module. |
(2) |
Anticipated. |
Each production line currently has an annual production capacity
of 400,000 solar modules, representing 25MW. We anticipate that
we will be able to increase both the run rate and MW volume of
our existing production lines through our continuous improvement
processes. For example, we increased the average conversion
efficiency of our solar modules from approximately 7% in 2003 to
approximately 9% in the first six months of 2006, thereby
increasing the number of sellable Watts per solar module from
approximately 49 Watts to approximately 62 Watts over the same
period.
Financial Operations Overview
The following describes certain line items in our statement of
operations and some of the factors that affect our operating
results.
We generate substantially all of our net sales from the sale of
solar modules. Over the past three years and during the first
six months of 2006, the main constraint limiting our sales has
been production capacity as customer demand has exceeded the
number of solar modules we could produce. We price and sell our
solar modules per Watt of power. As a result, our net sales can
fluctuate based on our output of sellable Watts. We currently
sell almost all of our solar modules to solar project developers
and system integrators headquartered in Germany, which then
resell our solar modules to end-users who receive government
subsidies. Our net sales could be negatively impacted if
legislation reduces the current subsidy programs in the United
States, Europe or Asia or interest rates increase, which could
impact our end-users’ ability to either meet their target
return on investment or finance their projects.
In April 2006, we entered into contracts for the purchase and
sale of our solar modules with six European project developers
and system integrators, or the Long Term Sales Contracts. These
contracts account for a significant portion of our planned
production over the period of fiscal 2006 to 2011, and therefore
will significantly affect our overall financial performance. The
Long Term Sales Contracts allow for approximately
€1.2 billion
($1.4 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
sales from 2006 to 2011 for the manufacture and sale of 745MW of
solar modules. We estimate that the total sales volume will
account for a significant majority of our planned production
volumes from the Base Plant, Ohio Expansion and German Plant. We
have spent $64.2 million and committed an additional
$2.5 million in capital expenditures for the Ohio
Expansion. We are committing $140.0 million for the
build-out of our German Plant through 2007 and anticipate that
the build-out of our contemplated Asian plant would require
approximately the same amount through 2008. Under each of our
Long Term Sales Contracts, we have a unilateral option,
exercisable until December 31, 2006, to increase the sales
volumes and extend each contract through 2012. If we exercise
our option for each of the six contracts, the contracts will
allow for approximately
€1.9 billion
($2.3 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
sales from
28
2006 to 2012 for the manufacture and sale of 1,270MW of solar
modules. We have additional unilateral options to increase 2006
sales volumes by a total of 14MW with approximately
10 weeks notice to our customers. After giving effect to
expected sales under the Long Term Sales Contracts, we expect
that no single customer will account for more than 25% of our
net sales in 2006.
Our Long Term Supply Contracts require us to deliver solar
modules each year that, in total, meet or exceed a specified
minimum average number of Watts per module for the year.
Beginning in 2007, we are required to increase the minimum
average number of Watts by approximately 5% annually between
2007 and 2009. In addition, our Long Term Supply Contracts
specify a sales price per Watt that declines each year. If we
are unable to meet the minimum average annual number of Watts
per module in a given year, we will be in breach of the
agreements, entitling our customers to certain remedies,
potentially including the right to terminate their Long Term
Supply Contracts. Even if we are able to deliver solar modules
at the minimum annual average Watts per module and prices, our
gross profit and gross margin could decline if we are unable to
reduce our manufacturing cost per Watt by at least the same rate
as which our contractual prices decrease.
Sales prices under our Long Term Sales Contracts are fixed, with
a built-in decline of 6.5% each year. As a result, we cannot
pass along any increases in manufacturing costs to those
customers. Although we believe that our total manufacturing
costs per Watt will decline at the same rate or more rapidly
than our prices under the Long Term Sales Contracts, our failure
to achieve our manufacturing cost per Watt targets could result
in a reduction of our gross margin. The annual 6.5% decline in
the sales price under the Long Term Sales Contracts will reduce
our net sales by approximately 5-6% each year, assuming that
rated power of our solar modules remains flat, and will impact
our cash flow accordingly. In addition, sales prices under the
Long Term Sales Contracts are denominated in Euros, exposing us
to risks related to currency exchange rate fluctuation.
Under the Long Term Sales Contracts, starting in April 2006, we
transfer title and risk of loss to the customer, and recognize
revenue upon shipment. Under our previous customer contracts, we
did not transfer title or risk of loss, or recognize revenue,
until the solar modules arrived and were received by our
customers. Our customers do not have extended payment terms or
rights of return under these contracts.
We retain the right to terminate the Long Term Sales Contracts
upon 12 months notice and the payment of a termination fee
if certain material adverse changes occur in our business. The
termination fee under those agreements
is €2.0 million
($2.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00)
under the base volume
and €3.0 million
($3.6 million at an assured exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) when
the option is exercised.
Our customers are entitled to certain remedies in the event of
missed deliveries of the total kilowatt volume. Such delivery
commitments are established through a rolling four quarter
forecast and define the specific quantities to be purchased on a
quarterly basis and schedules the individual shipments to be
made to our customers. In the case of a late delivery, our
customers are entitled to a maximum charge of up to 6% of the
delinquent revenue. If we do not meet our annual minimum volume
shipments or the minimum average Watt per module, our customers
also have the right to terminate these contracts on a
prospective basis.
Our cost of sales includes the cost of raw materials, such as
tempered back glass, TCO coated front glass, cadmium telluride,
EVA laminate, connector assemblies and laminate edge seal. Our
total material cost per solar module has been stable over the
past three years, even though the cost of tellurium, a component
of cadmium telluride, increased by approximately five to six
times from 2003 to 2005. The increase in the cost of tellurium
did not have a significant impact on our total raw material cost
per solar module because raw tellurium represents a relatively
small portion of our overall material and manufacturing costs.
Historically, we have not entered into long term supply
contracts with fixed prices for our raw materials. In 2006,
however, we entered into a multi-year tellurium supply contract
in order to mitigate potential cost volatility and secure raw
material supplies. We expect our raw material cost per Watt to
decrease over the next several years as costs per solar module
remain stable and sellable Watts per solar module increase.
Other items contributing to our cost of sales are direct labor,
manufacturing overhead such as engineering expense, equipment
maintenance, environmental health and safety, quality and
production control and procurement. Cost of sales also includes
depreciation of manufacturing plant and equipment and facility
related expenses. In addition, we accrue for warranty and end of
life reclamation and recycling expenses in our cost of sales.
We implemented a program in 2005 to reclaim and recycle our
solar modules after use. Under our reclamation and recycling
program, we enter into an agreement with the end-users of the
photovoltaic systems that
29
employ our solar modules. In the agreement we commit, at our
expense, to remove the solar modules from the installation site
at the end of use and transport them to a processing center
where the solar module materials and components will be
recycled, and the owner agrees not to dispose of the solar
modules except through our program or another program that we
approve. The photovoltaic system owner is responsible for
disassembling the solar modules and packaging them in containers
that we provide. At the time we sell a solar module, we record
an expense in cost of sales equal to the present value of the
estimated future end of life obligation. We record the accretion
expense on this future obligation annually in selling, general
and administrative expense.
Overall, we expect our cost of sales per Watt to decrease over
the next several years due to an increase of sellable Watts per
solar module and more efficient absorption of fixed costs driven
by economies of scale.
Gross profits are affected by a number of factors, including our
average selling prices, foreign exchange rates, our actual
manufacturing costs and the effective utilization of our
production facilities. As a result, gross profits may vary from
quarter to quarter.
Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries
and personnel-related costs and the cost of products, materials
and outside services used in our process and product development
activities. In 2006, we began adding equipment for further
process developments and recording the depreciation of such
equipment as research and development expense. We may also
allocate a portion of the annual operating cost of the Ohio
Expansion to research and development expense.
We maintain a number of programs and activities to improve our
technology in order to enhance the performance of our solar
modules and manufacturing processes. As of July 1, 2006, we
had a total of 26 full time employees working on these
developmental activities. In addition, we maintain active
collaborations with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a
division of the Department of Energy, Brookhaven National
Laboratory and several universities. We report our research and
development expense net of grant funding. During the past three
years, we received grant funding that we applied towards our
development programs. We received $1.4 million in research
and development grants during fiscal year 2003,
$1.0 million during fiscal year 2004, $0.9 million in
fiscal year 2005 and $0.2 million during the first six months of
2006. We expect our research and development expense to increase
in absolute terms in the future as we increase personnel and
research and development activity. Over time, we expect research
and development expense to decline as a percentage of net sales
and on a cost per Watt basis as a result of economies of scale.
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily
of salaries and other personnel-related costs, professional
fees, insurance costs, travel expense and other selling
expenses. We expect these expenses to increase in the near term,
both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales, in
order to support the growth of our business as we expand our
sales and marketing efforts, improve our information processes
and systems and implement the financial reporting, compliance
and other infrastructure required for a public company. Over
time, we expect selling, general and administrative expense to
decline as a percentage of net sales and on a cost per Watt
basis as our net sales and our total Watts sold increase.
Production start-up
expense consists primarily of salaries and personnel-related
costs and the cost of operating a production line before it has
been qualified for full production, including the cost of raw
materials for solar modules run through the production line
during the qualification phase. It also includes all expenses
related to the selection of a new site and the related legal and
regulatory costs and the costs to maintain our plant replication
program, to the extent we cannot capitalize the expenditure. We
incurred production
start-up expenses of
$3.2 million in fiscal year 2005 and $6.6 million during
the first six months of 2006 in connection with the
qualification of the Ohio Expansion. We also expect to incur
production start-up
expenses in fiscal year 2006 and fiscal year 2007 in connection
with the German Plant and the contemplated manufacturing
facility in Asia. As a result of these production
start-up expenses, we
expect our net loss to increase significantly in fiscal year
2006. In general, we expect production
start-up expenses per
production line to be higher when we build an entire new
manufacturing facility compared to the addition of a new
production line at an existing manufacturing facility, primarily
due to the additional infrastructure investment required. Over
time, we expect production
start-up expenses to
decline as a percentage of net sales and on a cost per Watt
basis as a result of economies of scale.
30
Interest expense is associated with various debt financings. See
“Description of Certain Indebtedness”.
|
|
|
Foreign currency gain (loss) |
Foreign currency gain (loss) consists of gains and losses
resulting from holding assets and liabilities and conducting
transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional
currency, the U.S. dollar.
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest
earned on our cash and cash equivalents.
Income Taxes
First Solar, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on
February 22, 2006. As a Delaware corporation, we are
subject to federal and state income taxes. Prior to
February 22, 2006, we operated as a Delaware limited
liability company and were not subject to state or federal
income taxes. As a result, the annual historical financial data
included in this prospectus does not reflect what our financial
position and results of operations would have been, had we been
a taxable corporation for a full fiscal year.
On December 31, 2005, we had
non-U.S. net
operating loss carry-forwards of $3.4 million, which will
begin expiring in 2008. On July 1, 2006, we had
U.S. federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards of
$2.4 million, which will begin expiring in 2011, and
non-U.S. net
operating loss carry-forwards of $7.7 million, which will
begin expiring in 2008. Our ability to use the net operating
loss carry-forwards is dependent on our ability to generate
taxable income in future periods and subject to certain
restrictions under the Internal Revenue Code and certain
international tax laws.
Certain of our
non-U.S. subsidiaries
are subject to income taxes in their foreign jurisdictions. We
expect the tax consequences of our
non-U.S. subsidiaries
will become significant as we expand our
non-U.S. production
capacity.
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for differences
between financial statement and income tax bases of assets and
liabilities. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred
tax assets when management cannot conclude that it is more
likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax
asset will be realized. As of December 31, 2005, we had a
deferred tax asset of $1.9 million consisting primarily of
non-U.S. net operating
loss carry-forwards and plant start-up cost. As of July 1,
2006, we had a deferred tax asset of $50.7 million
consisting primarily of tax-basis goodwill, property, plant and
equipment and net operating loss carry-forwards. We have
recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax
assets, because we determined that it is more likely than not
that our deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In preparing our financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
(GAAP), we have to make estimates and assumptions about future
events that affect the amounts of reported assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses, as well as the disclosure of contingent
liabilities in our financial statements and the related notes
thereto. Some of our accounting policies require the application
of significant judgment by management in the selection of
appropriate assumptions for determining these estimates. By
their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree
of uncertainty. As a result, we cannot assure you that actual
results will not differ significantly from estimated results. We
base our judgments and estimates on our historical experience,
on our forecasts and on other available information, as
appropriate. Our significant accounting policies are further
described in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our most significant accounting policies, which reflect
significant management estimates and judgment in determining
amounts reported in our audited consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus are as follows:
Revenue recognition. We recognize revenue when persuasive
evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the product has
occurred and title and risk of loss has passed to the customer,
the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectibility of
the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. In accordance
with this policy, we record a trade receivable for the selling
price of our product and reduce inventory for the cost of goods
sold when
31
delivery occurs in accordance with the terms of the respective
sales contracts. Our only revenue generating activity is the
sale of our single type of solar module. We are able to
determine that the criteria for revenue recognition have been
met by examining objective data, and the only estimates that we
generally have to make regarding revenue recognition pertain to
the collectibility of the resulting receivable. We have not
experienced significant variability in our collections because
we have historically sold our solar modules primarily to six
well-established customers.
End of life recycling and reclamation. At the time of
sale, we recognize an expense for the estimated fair value of
our future obligation for reclaiming and recycling the solar
modules that we have sold once they have reached the end of
their useful lives. We base our estimate of the fair value of
our reclamation and recycling obligations on the present value
of the expected future cost of reclaiming and recycling the
solar modules, which includes the cost of packaging the solar
module for transport, the cost of freight from the solar
module’s installation site to a recycling center and the
material, labor and capital costs of the recycling process and
an estimated third-party profit margin and risk rate for such
services. We based this estimate on our experience reclaiming
and recycling our solar modules and on our expectations about
future developments in recycling technologies and processes and
about economic conditions at the time the solar modules will be
reclaimed and recycled. In the periods between the time of our
sales and our settlement of the reclamation and recycling
obligations, we accrete the carrying amount of the associated
liability by applying the discount rate used in its initial
measurement. We charged $0.8 million and $1.1 million
to cost of sales for the fair value of our reclamation and
recycling obligation for solar modules sold during the year
ended December 31, 2005 and the six months ended
July 1, 2006, respectively. During both the year ended
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended July 1,
2006, the accretion expense on our reclamation and recycling
obligations was insignificant. We performed a sensitivity
analysis on the cost we charged to cost of sales in the year
ended December 31, 2005 for the reclamation and recycling
of solar modules that we sold during that year and determined
that an increase of 10% or a decrease of 10% in our estimate of
the future cost of reclaiming and recycling each solar module
would result in a 10% increase or decrease, respectively, in our
reclamation and recycling cost accrual for the year ended
December 31, 2005; a 10% increase in the rate we use to
discount the future estimated cost would result in a 9% decrease
in our estimated costs; and a 10% decrease in the rate would
result in a 10% increase in the cost.
Product warranties. We provide a limited warranty to the
original purchasers of our solar modules for five years
following delivery for defects in materials and workmanship
under normal use and service conditions. We also warrant to the
original purchasers of our solar modules that solar modules
installed in accordance with agreed-upon specifications will
produce at least 90% of their initial power output rating during
the first 10 years following their installation and at
least 80% of their initial power output rating during the
following 15 years. Our warranties may be transferred from
the original purchaser of our solar modules to a subsequent
purchaser. We accrue warranty costs when we recognize sales,
using amounts estimated based on our historical experience with
warranty claims, our monitoring of field installation sites and
in-house testing. During the year ended December 31, 2005,
we reduced our estimate of our product warranty liability by
$1.0 million because lower manufacturing costs reduced the
replacement cost of our solar modules under warranty.
Stock-based compensation. In December 2004, the FASB
issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payments, which requires companies to recognize compensation
expense for all stock-based payments to employees, including
grants of employee stock options, in their statements of
operations based on the fair value of the awards, and we adopted
SFAS 123(R) during the first quarter of the year ended
December 31, 2005 using the “modified
retrospective” method of transition. In March 2005, the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. (SAB) 107, which provides
guidance regarding the implementation of SFAS 123(R). In
particular, SAB 107 provides guidance regarding calculating
assumptions used in stock-based compensation valuation models,
the classification of stock-based compensation expense, the
capitalization of stock-based compensation costs and disclosures
in management’s discussion and analysis in filings with the
SEC.
Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the
fair value of stock-based awards at the date of grant using any
valuation model requires judgment. We use the Black-Scholes
option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee
stock options, consistent with the provisions of
SFAS No. 123(R). Option pricing models, including the
Black-Scholes model, require the use of input assumptions,
including expected volatility, expected term, expected dividend
rate and expected risk-free rate of return. Because our stock is
not currently publicly traded, we do not have an observable
share-price volatility; therefore, we estimate our expected
volatility based on that of similar publicly-traded companies
and expect to continue to do so until such time as we might have
adequate historical data from our own traded share price. We
estimated our options’ expected terms using our best
estimate of the period of time from the grant date that we
expect the options to remain outstanding. If we determine
another method to estimate expected volatility or expected term
was more reasonable than our current methods, or if
32
another method for calculating these input assumptions is
prescribed by authoritative guidance, the fair value calculated
for stock-based awards could change significantly. Higher
volatility and expected terms result in a proportional increase
to stock-based compensation determined at the date of grant. The
expected dividend rate and expected risk-free rate of return are
not as significant to the calculation of fair value.
In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires us to develop an
estimate of the number of stock-based awards which will be
forfeited due to employee turnover. Quarterly changes in the
estimated forfeiture rate can have a significant effect on
reported stock-based compensation. If the actual forfeiture rate
is higher than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment
is made to increase the estimated forfeiture rate, which will
result in a decrease to the expense recognized in the financial
statements during the quarter of the change. If the actual
forfeiture rate is lower than the estimated forfeiture rate,
then an adjustment is made to decrease the estimated forfeiture
rate, which will result in an increase to the expense recognized
in the financial statements. These adjustments affect our cost
of sales, research and development expenses and selling, general
and administrative expenses. Through the first six months ended
July 1, 2006, the effect of forfeiture adjustments on our
financial statements has been insignificant. The expense we
recognize in future periods could differ significantly from the
current period and/or our forecasts due to adjustments in the
assumed forfeiture rates.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets. Our long-lived assets
include manufacturing equipment and facilities. Our business
requires significant investment in manufacturing facilities that
are technologically advanced, but may become obsolete through
changes in our industry or the fluctuations in demand for our
solar modules. We account for our long-lived tangible assets and
definite-lived intangible assets in accordance with
SFAS 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of
Long-Lived Assets. As a result, we assess long-lived assets
classified as “held and used”, including our property,
plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes
in business circumstances arise that may indicate that the
carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable.
These events would include significant current period operating
or cash flow losses combined with a history of such losses,
significant changes in the manner of use of assets and
significant negative industry or economic trends. We evaluated
our long-lived assets for impairment during 2005 and concluded
that the carrying values of these assets were recoverable.
Accounting for Income Taxes. First Solar Holdings, LLC
was formed as a limited liability company and, accordingly, was
not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes, although
certain of its foreign subsidiaries were subject to income taxes
in their local jurisdictions. However, upon incorporation during
the first quarter of 2006, First Solar, Inc. became subject to
U.S. federal and state income taxes. We account for income
taxes using the asset and liability method, in accordance with
SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. We operate in
multiple taxing jurisdictions under several legal forms. As a
result, we are subject to the jurisdiction of a number of U.S.
and non-U.S. tax
authorities and to tax agreements and treaties among these
governments. Our operations in these different jurisdictions are
taxed on various bases, including income before taxes calculated
in accordance with jurisdictional regulations. Determining our
taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation
of the relevant tax laws and regulations and the use of
estimates and assumptions about significant future events,
including the following: the amount, timing and character of
deductions; permissible revenue recognition methods under the
tax law; and the sources and character of income and tax
credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and
treaties, currency exchange restrictions or our level of
operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could
have an impact on the amount of income tax assets, liabilities,
expenses and benefits that we record during any given period.
Controls and Procedures
We have restated our consolidated financial statements for the
years ended December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004
and as of December 25, 2004 in order to correct errors that
we identified during the preparation of this registration
statement in connection with our initial public offering and the
performance of the associated audits for our years ended
December 25, 2004 and December 31, 2005. We identified
several significant deficiencies in our internal controls that
were deemed to be “material weaknesses” in our
internal controls as defined in standards established by the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). A
material weakness is defined by the PCAOB as a significant
deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that
results in more than a remote likelihood that a material
misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will
not be prevented or detected. A “significant
deficiency” is a control deficiency, or combination of
control deficiencies, that adversely affects the company’s
ability to initiate, authorize, record, process or report
external financial data reliably in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a
remote likelihood that a misstatement of the company’s
annual or interim financial statements that is more than
inconsequential will not be prevented or detected. A
“control deficiency” exists when the design or
operation of a
33
control does not allow management or employees, in the normal
course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or
detect misstatements on a timely basis.
As of December 31, 2005, we did not maintain effective
controls over the preparation, review and presentation and
disclosure of our consolidated financial statements due to a
lack of personnel with experience in financial reporting and
control procedures necessary for SEC registrants. This failure
caused several significant deficiencies, four of which had a
large enough impact on our operating results to individually
constitute a material weakness. These material weaknesses were:
(i) we did not maintain effective controls to ensure that
the appropriate labor and overhead expenses were included in the
cost of our inventory and that intercompany profits in inventory
were completely and accurately eliminated as part of the
consolidation process; (ii) we did not maintain effective
controls to ensure the complete and accurate capitalization of
interest in connection with our property, plant and equipment
additions; (iii) we did not maintain effective controls to
properly accrue for warranty obligations; and (iv) we did
not maintain effective controls to properly record the formation
of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC in 1999 and the
subsequent liquidation of minority membership units in 2003.
These control deficiencies led to the restatement of our
financial statements for the years ended December 27, 2003
and December 25, 2004, resulting in a $2.6 million
increase in our net loss for the year ended December 27,
2003 and a $2.0 million increase in our net loss for the
year ended December 25, 2004. See note 16 to the
audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in
this prospectus for further details. These control deficiencies
could result in more than a remote likelihood that a material
misstatement to our annual or interim financial statements would
not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, we have concluded
that each of these control deficiencies constitute a material
weaknesses.
To improve our financial accounting organization and processes,
we have hired a new chief financial officer, are creating an
audit committee comprised entirely of independent directors,
have appointed a new independent director to be the chairman of
the audit committee and have hired a new corporate controller.
We are in the process of adding ten new positions in the areas
of finance, tax, treasury, internal controls and internal audit.
We are adopting and implementing additional policies and
procedures to strengthen our financial reporting capability
including investments into further enhancements of our
enterprise resource planning system. However, the process of
designing and implementing an effective financial reporting
system is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and
react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory
environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a
financial reporting system that is adequate to satisfy our
reporting obligations. See “Risk Factors — Risks
Relating to Our Business — We identified several
significant deficiencies in our internal controls that were
deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are unable to
successfully address the material weaknesses in our internal
controls, our ability to report our financial results on a
timely and accurate basis may be adversely affected.”
34
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of
operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of net
sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 27, | |
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
June 25, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net sales
|
|
|
100% |
|
|
|
100% |
|
|
|
100% |
|
|
|
100% |
|
|
|
100% |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
358.1% |
|
|
|
139.4% |
|
|
|
65.5% |
|
|
|
65.2% |
|
|
|
70.2% |
|
Gross profit (loss) |
|
|
(258.1)% |
|
|
|
(39.4)% |
|
|
|
34.5% |
|
|
|
34.8% |
|
|
|
29.8% |
|
Research and
development |
|
|
119.7% |
|
|
|
9.2% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
2.7% |
|
|
|
7.4% |
|
Selling, general
and administrative |
|
|
373.2% |
|
|
|
68.9% |
|
|
|
32.9% |
|
|
|
30.9% |
|
|
|
33.8% |
|
Production start-up expense |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
2.7% |
|
|
|
16.0% |
|
Operating loss |
|
|
(751.0)% |
|
|
|
(124.1)% |
|
|
|
(10.0)% |
|
|
|
(1.5)% |
|
|
|
(27.3)% |
|
Foreign currency gain (loss) |
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
0.9% |
|
|
|
(3.6)% |
|
|
|
(4.3)% |
|
|
|
7.4% |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(123.8)% |
|
|
|
(0.7)% |
|
|
|
(0.9)% |
|
|
|
(0.3)% |
|
|
|
(0.2)% |
|
Other income (expense) |
|
|
1.2% |
|
|
|
(0.0)% |
|
|
|
0.8% |
|
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
0.1% |
|
Income tax expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
0.5% |
|
|
|
— |
|
Net loss |
|
|
(873.6)% |
|
|
|
(124.0)% |
|
|
|
(13.4)% |
|
|
|
(5.5)% |
|
|
|
(20.1)% |
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended July 1, 2006 and June 25,
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$ |
17,897 |
|
|
$ |
41,485 |
|
|
|
$23,588 |
|
|
|
132% |
|
Net sales increased by $23.6 million, or 132%, from
$17.9 million for the first six months of 2005 to
$41.5 million for the first six months of 2006. The
increase in our net sales was due primarily to a 152% increase
in the MW volume of solar modules sold from the first
six months of 2005 to the first six months of 2006. We were
able to increase the MW volume of our solar modules sold
primarily as a result of higher throughput and full production
ramp of our Base Plant and the commencement of production at our
Ohio Expansion. Net sales in the first six months of 2006 also
benefited from a change in our shipping terms from delivered
duty paid to carriage and insurance paid, which became effective
during the second quarter of 2006. This change effected revenue
recognition of $5.4 million of in-transit inventory during
the first half of 2006. In addition, we increased the average
number of sellable Watts per solar module from approximately 59
Watts in the first six months of 2005 to approximately 62 Watts
in the first six months of 2006, which increased our net sales
by $2.3 million. The increase in net sales was partially
offset by a decline of $3.6 million due to foreign currency
fluctuations driven by a weaker Euro and a decrease in the
average sales price per Watt from the first six months of 2005
to the first six months of 2006. Strong demand from other
customers allowed us to reduce our dependence on the largest
customer during such period from 70% of net sales in the first
half of 2005 to 23% of net sales in the first half of 2006. In
both periods, almost all of our net sales resulted from
shipments of solar modules to customers headquartered in Germany.
35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
$11,668 |
|
|
|
$29,113 |
|
|
|
$17,445 |
|
|
|
150% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
65.2% |
|
|
|
70.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales increased by $17.4 million, or 150%, from
$11.7 million for the first six months of 2005 to
$29.1 million for the first six months of 2006. The
increase in our cost of sales was due in part to an increase in
manufacturing overhead costs of $6.5 million from the first
six months of 2005 to the first six months of 2006. This
increase in manufacturing overhead costs was driven by an
increase in salaries and personnel-related expenses of
$2.5 million because of our conversion from a five day to a
seven day production week and overall infrastructure build-out
to support the ramp-up of the Ohio Expansion, an increase of
$2.2 million in stock-based compensation expense due to
additional option awards and an increase in facility related
expense of $1.7 million. In addition, direct material
expense increased by $6.4 million and direct labor expense
by $1.0 million from the first six months of 2005 to the
first six months of 2006, in each case as a result of higher
production volumes. Depreciation expense also increased by
$1.8 million from the first six months of 2005 to the first
six months of 2006, primarily as a result of additional
equipment becoming operational at our Base Plant and at the Ohio
Expansion. Warranty and end of life costs relating to the
reclamation and recycling of our solar modules increased by
$1.6 million as a result of higher sales volumes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
$6,229 |
|
|
|
$12,372 |
|
|
|
$6,143 |
|
|
|
99% |
|
% Gross margin
|
|
|
34.8% |
|
|
|
29.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit increased by $6.1 million, or 99%, from
$6.2 million for the first six months of 2005 to
$12.4 million for the first six months of 2006, reflecting
an increase in net sales. In contrast our gross margin decreased
from 34.8% in the first six months of 2005 to 29.8% in the first
six months of 2006. During the first six months of 2006, we
incurred $1.1 million for the ramp-up of the Ohio Expansion
and $0.7 million for the conversion from a five day to a
seven day production week, in each case in advance of production
volume increases. In addition, increased stock-based
compensation expense of $2.2 million in the first six
months of 2006 negatively impacted our gross margin by
5.5 percentage points. The gross margin in the first six
months of 2005 also benefited from a U.S. Dollar to Euro
exchange rate of
$1.30/€1.00
compared to
$1.23/€1.00 in
the first six months of 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
$484 |
|
|
|
$3,055 |
|
|
|
$2,571 |
|
|
|
531% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
2.7% |
|
|
|
7.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expense increased by $2.6 million,
or 532%, from $0.5 million in the first six months of 2005
to $3.1 million in the first six months of 2006, and
included $1.2 million of stock-based compensation expense,
compared to $33,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the
first six months of 2005. Personnel-related expense, including
stock-based compensation expense, increased by $1.7 million
due to headcount increases and additional option awards, and
consulting expense increased by $0.2 million. In addition,
grant revenue declined by $0.5 million during the first six
months of 2006 compared the first six months of 2005.
36
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
$5,528 |
|
|
|
$14,005 |
|
|
|
$8,477 |
|
|
|
153% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
30.9% |
|
|
|
33.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expense increased by
$8.5 million, or 153%, from $5.5 million in the first
six months of 2005 to $14.0 million in the first six months
of 2006. Our selling, general and administrative expenses
increased primarily as a result of an increase in salaries and
personnel-related expenses of $6.1 million, due to
increases in staffing and an increase in stock-based
compensation expense from $0.3 million in the first
six months of 2005 to $2.0 million in the first
six months of 2006. In addition, legal and professional
services fees increased by $2.0 million and insurance and
other expenses by $0.4 million over the first
six months of 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
$490 |
|
|
|
$6,641 |
|
|
|
$6,151 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
2.7% |
|
|
|
16.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the first six months of 2006, we incurred
$6.6 million of production
start-up expenses to
qualify our Ohio Expansion and to plan for our German Plant
compared to $0.5 million of production
start-up expenses
during the first six months of 2005.
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
|
|
|
$(769) |
|
|
|
$3,090 |
|
|
|
$3,859 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Foreign exchange gain increased by $3.9 million from first
six months of 2005 to the first six months of 2006 primarily due
to favorable currency translation between the U.S. Dollar
and the Euro.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
$(66) |
|
|
|
$(708) |
|
|
|
$(642) |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Interest expense increased from the first six months of 2005 to
the first six months of 2006 by $0.6 million due to
increased borrowings. In the first six months of 2006 we
capitalized $1.8 million of interest expense in
construction in progress compared to $0.1 million in the
first six months of 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
$43 |
|
|
|
$592 |
|
|
|
$549 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Other income (expense) increased by $0.5 million in the
first six months of 2006 compared to the first six months of
2005 primarily as a result of increased interest income.
37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
April 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
$— |
|
|
|
$— |
|
|
|
$— |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Due to our net operating losses and the valuation allowance on
our net deferred tax assets, we had no income tax expense.
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting for share-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
June 25, 2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
Six Month Period Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect
|
|
|
$89 |
|
|
|
$0 |
|
|
|
$(89) |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
The adoption of SFAS 123(R) required a change in the method
used to estimate forfeitures of employee stock options, and
resulted in a one-time cumulative effect of $0.1 million in the
first quarter of 2005.
|
|
|
Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2005 and
December 25, 2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
$13,522 |
|
|
|
$48,063 |
|
|
|
$34,541 |
|
|
|
255% |
|
Net sales increased by $34.5 million, or 255%, from
$13.5 million in fiscal year 2004 to $48.1 million in
fiscal year 2005. Of the increase in our net sales,
$26.8 million was due to an increase in the MW volume of
solar modules sold from fiscal year 2004 to fiscal year 2005. We
were able to increase the MW volume of solar modules sold
primarily because of increases in production capacity and
sellable Watts per solar module. In November 2004, we completed
the qualification of our Base Plant for full volume production
and then operated the Base Plant at a high-throughput production
rate for all of fiscal year 2005. In addition, we increased the
average number of sellable Watts per solar module from
approximately 55 Watts in 2004 to approximately 59 Watts in
2005, resulting in an increase of $3.5 million in net
sales. As a result of strong customer demand and the increased
number of sellable Watts per solar module, we increased the
average sales price per Watt in fiscal year 2005, which
increased net sales by $4.2 million. Strong demand from our
other customers also allowed us to reduce our dependence on our
largest customer from 68.1% of net sales in fiscal year 2004 to
45.1% of net sales in fiscal year 2005. In fiscal year 2005,
99.6% of our net sales resulted from shipments of solar modules
to Germany, compared to 94.7% of our net sales in fiscal year
2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
$18,851 |
|
|
|
$31,483 |
|
|
|
$12,632 |
|
|
|
67% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
139.4% |
|
|
|
65.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales increased by $12.6 million, or 67%, from
$18.9 million in fiscal year 2004 to $31.5 million in
fiscal year 2005. The increase in our cost of sales was due
primarily to higher material costs required to support the
higher production volumes from the Base Plant. Direct materials
increased by $7.3 million from fiscal year 2004 to fiscal
year 2005. On a cost per solar module and cost per Watt basis,
raw material costs declined slightly from fiscal year 2004 to
fiscal year 2005, primarily because of improved manufacturing
yields and conversion efficiency. In addition, direct labor
increased by $0.6 million and manufacturing overhead costs
increased by $4.7 million from fiscal year 2004 to fiscal
year 2005. This increase was driven by higher engineering
expense, increased equipment maintenance and infrastructure
build-out and stock-based compensation expense. Manufacturing
overhead included
38
$0.8 million of stock-based compensation expense in 2005
compared to $0.1 million in fiscal year 2004. Depreciation
expense also increased by $1.4 million from fiscal year
2004 to fiscal year 2005 as a result of depreciating the Base
Plant for the entire fiscal year. We expensed $1.5 million
less warranty and end of life program expenses in fiscal year
2005 than in fiscal year 2004, as a result of corrective actions
implemented against production material defects encountered in
2004 and lower overall unit production costs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
$(5,329) |
|
|
|
$16,580 |
|
|
|
$21,909 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
% Gross margin
|
|
|
(39.4)% |
|
|
|
34.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit increased by $21.9 million, from a loss of
$5.3 million in fiscal year 2004 to a gross profit of
$16.6 million in fiscal year 2005, primarily as a result of
increased sales volumes. Our gross margin improved from a
negative 39.4% in fiscal year 2004 to a positive 34.5% in fiscal
year 2005, because of improvements in our average sales price
per Watt, an increase in overall sellable Watts due to
efficiency gains and the economies of scale we realized from
operating the Base Plant at full volume production through most
of 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
$1,240 |
|
|
|
$2,372 |
|
|
|
$1,132 |
|
|
|
91% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
9.2% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expense increased by $1.1 million,
or 91%, from $1.2 million in fiscal year 2004 to
$2.4 million in fiscal year 2005. Of that increase
$0.4 million was due to increases in our development
staffing during 2005, $0.5 million due to higher
stock-based compensation expense and $0.2 million due to an
increase in consulting fees offset by a reduction of
$0.1 million in facility expense. In addition, our grant
revenue declined by $0.1 million in fiscal year 2005,
compared to fiscal year 2004. Research and development expenses
included stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million
and $0.1 million in fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2004,
respectively.
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
|
$9,312 |
|
|
|
$15,825 |
|
|
|
$6,513 |
|
|
|
70% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
68.9% |
|
|
|
32.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expense increased by
$6.5 million, or 70%, from $9.3 million in fiscal year
2004 to $15.8 million in fiscal year 2005. Our selling,
general and administrative expenses increased by
$2.2 million as a result of increased staffing levels,
primarily in sales and marketing, to support higher sales
volumes in Germany. In addition, spending for professional
services increased by $1.0 million, travel expenses
increased by $0.4 million and facilities expense increased
by $0.5 million in fiscal year 2005 compared to fiscal year
2004. Stock-based compensation expense increased by
$2.4 million, from $1.0 million in fiscal year 2004 to
$3.4 million in fiscal year 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
$900 |
|
|
|
$3,173 |
|
|
|
$2,273 |
|
|
|
253% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production start-up
expenses increased from $0.9 million in fiscal year 2004 to
$3.2 million in fiscal year 2005 as we began the build-out
of our Ohio Expansion in fiscal year 2005. These expenses are
primarily attributable
39
to the cost of labor and material to run and qualify the line,
related facility expenses and the documentation of our
replication process.
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
|
|
|
$116 |
|
|
|
$(1,715) |
|
|
|
$(1,831) |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Foreign exchange losses increased by $1.8 million during
fiscal year 2005 as the U.S. Dollar strengthened against
the Euro.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
$(100) |
|
|
|
$(418) |
|
|
|
$(318) |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Interest expense increased in fiscal year 2005 by
$0.3 million compared to fiscal year 2004 due to increased
borrowings under various notes totaling $28.7 million at
the end of fiscal year 2005 compared to $13.7 million at
the end of fiscal year 2004. In fiscal year 2005 we capitalized
$0.4 million of interest expense in construction in
progress compared to $0.3 million in fiscal year 2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expense)
|
|
|
$(6) |
|
|
|
$372 |
|
|
|
$378 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Other income increased by $0.4 million during fiscal year
2005 due to an increase in interest income earned.
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect
|
|
|
$— |
|
|
|
$89 |
|
|
|
$89 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
The adoption of SFAS 123(R) requires a change in the method used
to estimate forfeitures of employee stock options, resulting in
a one-time cumulative effect of $0.1 million in the first
quarter of 2005.
Fiscal Years Ended December 25, 2004 and
December 27, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
$3,210 |
|
|
|
$13,522 |
|
|
|
$10,312 |
|
|
|
321% |
|
Net sales increased by $10.3 million, or 321%, from
$3.2 million in fiscal year 2003 to $13.5 million in
fiscal year 2004. The increase in our net sales was due
primarily to a 241% increase in the MW volume of solar modules
sold from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2004 increasing net
sales by $6.7 million. We were able to increase the MW volume of
solar modules sold in fiscal year 2004 because of an increase in
production capacity and sellable Watts per solar module. From
2003 to 2004, we increased the average number of sellable Watts
per solar module from approximately 49 Watts to
approximately 55 Watts increasing net sales by
$1.0 million. Net sales also increased by $2.6 million
due to higher average sales price per Watt. Our largest customer
accounted for 68.1% of our net sales in
40
fiscal year 2004 compared to 58.9% of our net sales in fiscal
year 2003. In fiscal year 2004, 94.7% of our net sales resulted
from sales of solar modules to Germany, compared to 62.5% of our
net sales in fiscal year 2003. The increase in the concentration
of our net sales in Germany was primarily attributable to the
favorable market conditions in Germany created by government
subsidies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
$11,495 |
|
|
|
$18,851 |
|
|
|
$7,356 |
|
|
|
64% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
358.1% |
|
|
|
139.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales increased by $7.4 million, or 64%, from
$11.5 million in fiscal year 2003 to $18.9 million in
fiscal year 2004. The increase in our cost of sales was due
primarily to a $2.6 million increase in manufacturing
overhead expense as a result of continued infrastructure
build-out and an increase in production volume. Depreciation
costs increased by $0.5 million from fiscal year 2003 to
fiscal year 2004, as a result of depreciating certain equipment
from the Base Plant for the entire year. Warranty and end of
life program expenses increased by $1.7 million due to
production material defects discovered in certain products
shipped. We also experienced $1.5 million in higher raw
material costs required to support the higher production
volumes. On a cost per solar module and a cost per Watt basis,
raw material costs declined slightly from fiscal year 2003 to
fiscal year 2004, primarily because of improved manufacturing
yields and higher conversion efficiencies. Direct labor
increased by $1.2 million from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal
year 2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
$(8,285) |
|
|
|
$(5,329) |
|
|
|
$2,956 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
% Gross margin
|
|
|
(258.1)% |
|
|
|
(39.4)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit increased by $3.0 million from a loss of
$8.3 million in fiscal year 2003 to a loss of
$5.3 million in fiscal year 2004. In addition, our gross
margin improved from negative 258.1% in fiscal year 2003 to
negative 39.4% in fiscal year 2004. Our gross profit and gross
margin increased primarily because of higher net sales,
improvements in yield and conversion efficiency and the
economies of scale we realized from our increases in production
partially offset by higher warranty expense.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
$3,841 |
|
|
|
$1,240 |
|
|
|
$(2,601) |
|
|
|
(68%) |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
119.7% |
|
|
|
9.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expense decreased by $2.6 million
from $3.8 million in fiscal year 2003 to $1.2 million
in fiscal year 2004. Our research and development expense
decreased during 2004 as employees moved out of the research and
development function into manufacturing engineering, where their
costs are recorded as cost of sales, to support production in
the Base Plant. In addition, grant revenue during fiscal year
2004 declined by $0.4 million compared to fiscal year 2003.
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
$11,981 |
|
|
|
$9,312 |
|
|
|
$(2,669) |
|
|
|
(22)% |
|
% of Net sales
|
|
|
373.2% |
|
|
|
68.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41
Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by
$2.7 million, or 22%, from $12.0 million in fiscal
year 2003 to $9.3 million in fiscal year 2004. Stock-based
compensation was $1.1 million in fiscal year 2003 and
$1.0 million in fiscal year 2004. The decrease was
primarily due to a non-recurring settlement charge of
$3.0 million in fiscal year 2003 made to certain former
investors and employees of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC in
conjunction with the liquidation of their membership units and
termination of certain employees in exchange for a release of
First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and its owners, employees, and
affiliates from all present and possible future claims. This was
partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in personnel
expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
$0 |
|
|
|
$900 |
|
|
|
$900 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Production start-up costs were first incurred in fiscal year
2004 as preparation to replicate plants and production lines
began.
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
|
|
|
$0 |
|
|
|
$116 |
|
|
|
$116 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Foreign exchange gains increased during fiscal year 2004 due to
favorable exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Euro.
During 2003, we did not have significant transaction volumes in
currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
$(3,974) |
|
|
|
$(100) |
|
|
|
$3,874 |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Interest expense decreased from $3.9 million in fiscal year
2003 to $0.1 million in fiscal year 2004 due to the
conversion of outstanding debt into equity in July of 2003. In
2004 we capitalized $0.3 million of interest expense in
construction in progress compared to $0.4 million in fiscal
year 2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
December 27, 2003 | |
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
Year over Year Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expense)
|
|
|
$38 |
|
|
|
$(6) |
|
|
|
$(44) |
|
|
|
N.M. |
|
Other income represents the interest earned on the
company’s bank accounts. No significant changes occurred
from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2004.
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table presents our unaudited quarterly results of
operations for the six quarters in the period ended July 1,
2006. You should read the following table in conjunction with
the consolidated financial statements and related notes
contained elsewhere in this prospectus. In the opinion of
management, the unaudited financial information presented below
has been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated
financial statements, and includes all adjustments, consisting
only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary
for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating
results for the quarters presented. Operating results for any
quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any
future quarters or for a full year.
42
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Quarters Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Mar. 26, | |
|
June 25, | |
|
Sep. 24, | |
|
Dec. 31, | |
|
Apr. 1, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(dollars in thousands) | |
Net sales
|
|
$ |
8,530 |
|
|
$ |
9,367 |
|
|
$ |
16,585 |
|
|
$ |
13,581 |
|
|
$ |
13,624 |
|
|
$ |
27,861 |
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
6,158 |
|
|
|
5,510 |
|
|
|
10,012 |
|
|
|
9,803 |
|
|
|
10,352 |
|
|
|
18,761 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
2,372 |
|
|
|
3,857 |
|
|
|
6,573 |
|
|
|
3,778 |
|
|
|
3,272 |
|
|
|
9,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
|
|
1,462 |
|
|
|
1,519 |
|
|
|
1,536 |
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
2,639 |
|
|
|
2,889 |
|
|
|
3,306 |
|
|
|
6,991 |
|
|
|
5,872 |
|
|
|
8,133 |
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
1,763 |
|
|
|
2,579 |
|
|
|
4,062 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,040 |
|
|
|
3,462 |
|
|
|
4,652 |
|
|
|
10,216 |
|
|
|
9,970 |
|
|
|
13,731 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(668 |
) |
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
1,921 |
|
|
|
(6,438 |
) |
|
|
(6,698 |
) |
|
|
(4,631 |
) |
Foreign currency gain (loss)
|
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
(642 |
) |
|
|
(283 |
) |
|
|
(663 |
) |
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
2,190 |
|
Interest and other income (expense), net
|
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
(825 |
) |
|
|
(240 |
) |
|
|
1,710 |
|
|
|
(7,196 |
) |
|
|
(5,872 |
) |
|
|
(2,484 |
) |
Income tax (benefit) expense
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle |
|
|
(825 |
) |
|
|
(240 |
) |
|
|
1,710 |
|
|
|
(7,196 |
) |
|
|
(5,895 |
) |
|
|
(2,461 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
(736 |
) |
|
$ |
(240 |
) |
|
$ |
1,710 |
|
|
$ |
(7,196 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,895 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,461 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales increased sequentially in each of the quarters ended
March 26, 2005 through September 24, 2005, primarily
because of a 95% increase in the MW volume of solar modules sold
during that period. We were able to increase the MW volume sold
primarily as a result of the production ramp of our Base Plant.
For the quarter ended December 31, 2005, net sales declined
from the previous quarter because of a build out of inventory to
support the anticipated production ramp of the Ohio Expansion
independent of demand. Net sales for the quarters ended
April 1, 2006 and July 1, 2006 increased as a result
of higher throughput and full production ramp of our Base Plant,
commencement of production at our Ohio Expansion, and a change
in our shipping terms from delivered duty paid to carriage and
insurance paid, which became effective in the quarter ended
July 1, 2006 and added $5.4 million to net sales for
that quarter.
Gross profit increased $2.7 million, or 70%, between the
quarters ended June 25, 2005 and September 24, 2005,
reflecting an increase in net sales. Between the quarters ended
September 24, 2005 and April 1, 2006, gross profit
declined primarily as a result of increased stock based
compensation charges and, during the quarter ended April 1,
2006, the conversion from a five day to a seven day production
week in advance of production. Gross profit for the quarter
ended July 1, 2006 increased from the previous quarter
because of an increase in net sales.
Operating expenses increased in each of the quarters ended
March 26, 2005 through July 1, 2006, except for the
quarter ended April 1, 2006, reflecting the combination of
increased staffing to support our overall business growth,
increased spending on research and development to continue to
improve and develop new technologies, increased management and
infrastructure spending to support our growth, increased stock
based compensation expense and increased production start-up as
we continued to increase capacity. For the quarter ended
April 1, 2006, an increase in operating expenses in
absolute dollars was offset by a decline in stock based
compensation expense attributable to the full vesting of certain
grants.
Our quarterly results have been impacted by foreign exchange
gains and losses due to fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and
the Euro.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our principal sources of liquidity have been cash
provided by operations, borrowings from JWMA Partners, LLC, or
JWMA, and its affiliates, borrowings from Goldman,
Sachs & Co., equity contributions from JWMA and
borrowings from local governments and other sources to fund
plant expansions. As of July 1, 2006, we had
$21.4 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand. One of
our strategies is to expand our manufacturing capacity by
43
building new manufacturing plants and production lines, such as
the German Plant currently under construction and a new
manufacturing plant in Asia currently in the planning phase. We
expect that each four line manufacturing facility will require a
capital expenditure of approximately $140 million to
complete. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents,
government grants and low interest debt financings for our
German Plant and the proceeds of this offering will be
sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditures
needs for at least the next 12 months. However, if our
financial results or operating plans change from our current
assumptions, we may not have sufficient resources to support our
business plan. As a result, we may be required to engage in one
or more debt or equity financings in the future that would
result in increased expenses or additional dilution to our
stockholders. If we are unable to obtain debt or equity
financing on reasonable terms we may be unable to execute our
expansion strategy. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating
to Our Business—Our future success depends on our ability
to build new manufacturing plants and add production lines in a
cost-effective manner, both of which are subject risks and
uncertainties”.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used in): |
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Dec 27, | |
|
Dec 25, | |
|
Dec 31, | |
|
June 25, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(dollars in thousands) | |
Operating activities
|
|
$ |
(22,228 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,185 |
) |
|
$ |
5,040 |
|
|
$ |
(2,759 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,137 |
) |
Investing activities
|
|
|
(15,224 |
) |
|
|
(7,790 |
) |
|
|
(43,832 |
) |
|
|
(15,035 |
) |
|
|
(69,461 |
) |
Financing activities
|
|
|
39,129 |
|
|
|
22,900 |
|
|
|
51,663 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
83,370 |
|
Effect of exchange rates on cash flows
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
1,677 |
|
|
$ |
(262 |
) |
|
$ |
13,256 |
|
|
$ |
(824 |
) |
|
$ |
4,674 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
Operating activities used cash of $9.1 million in the first
six months of 2006 compared to $2.8 million used during the
first six months of 2005. The increased usage of
$6.3 million was primarily driven by an increase in cash
paid to our suppliers and employees as a result of an increase
in spending across all functions due to the ramp-up in capacity
and production volume and increases in inventory. This increase
was partially offset by cash received from our customers as a
result of higher net sales, which in turn was offset in part by
an increase in accounts receivable.
Operating activities provided cash of $5.0 million in
fiscal year 2005 and used cash of $15.2 million and
$22.2 million in fiscal years 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The increase of $20.2 million in cash provided by operating
activities from fiscal year 2004 to fiscal year 2005 was
primarily a result of an increase in cash received from our
customers. The cash we received from our customers increased
because our net sales increased by $34.5 million from
fiscal year 2004 to fiscal year 2005 and our accounts receivable
decreased by $3.3 million during the same period. These
factors were partially offset by an increase in cash paid to our
suppliers and employees as a result of higher production volumes
and an increase in inventory.
From fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2004 cash used by operating
activities decreased by $7.0 million primarily due to an
increase in cash received from our customers resulting from a
$10.3 million increase in net sales, in part offset by an
increase in accounts receivable of $2.5 million and cash
paid to our suppliers and employees relating to an increase in
inventory of $2.1 million as a result of a planned
inventory build-up to
meet anticipated demand. Cash used by operating activities in
fiscal year 2003 also included a $3.0 million non-recurring
settlement payment.
Investing activities
Cash used in investing activities was $69.5 million in the
first six months of 2006 compared to $15.0 million during
the first six months of 2005. The increase of $54.5 million
was due to increased capital expenditures for our German Plant
and the Ohio Expansion.
Cash used in investing activities was $43.8 million in
fiscal year 2005, $7.8 million in fiscal year 2004 and
$15.2 million in fiscal year 2003. Cash used in investing
activities in fiscal year 2005 was composed of
$42.5 million used to complete our Ohio Expansion,
$1.3 million deposited with an insurance company as part of
our solar module recycling and reclamation program and
$0.1 million used for other capital expenditures. In fiscal
year 2004, cash used in investing activities was composed of
$7.7 million used to purchase equipment for the Base Plant
and $0.1 million used for investments into other long term
assets. In fiscal year 2003, cash used in investing
44
activities was composed of $6.2 million used to purchase
machinery and equipment for the Base Plant and $8.7 million
in cash used to purchase land and a building and
$0.4 million used for investments into other long term
assets.
Financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities was $83.4 million in
the first six months of 2006 compared to $16.7 million
during the first six months of 2005. The increase of
$66.7 million was due to proceeds of $10.0 million
from a loan from the Estate of John T. Walton, an increase in
equity contributions by JWMA of $13.3 million and net
proceeds of $73.3 million from the issuance of convertible
senior subordinated notes, offset by a $30.0 million loan
repayment to the Estate of John T. Walton.
On February 22, 2006, we issued $74 million aggregate
principal amount of convertible senior subordinated notes due
2011 to Goldman, Sachs & Co. On May 10, 2006, we
extinguished these notes by payment of 878,651 shares of our
common stock, so Goldman, Sachs & Co. is now a
stockholder. See “Principal and Selling Stockholders”.
Cash generated from financing activities was $51.7 million
in fiscal year 2005 as compared to $22.9 million in fiscal
year 2004 and $39.1 million in fiscal year 2003. In fiscal
year 2005, cash provided by financing activities was primarily
the result of a $20.0 million loan from the Estate of John
T. Walton, a $15.0 million loan from the Director of
Development of the State of Ohio and a $16.7 million cash
equity contribution by JWMA. In fiscal year 2004, cash provided
by financing activities was primarily a result of a
$5.0 million loan from the Director of Development of the
State of Ohio and a $17.9 million cash equity contribution
by JWMA. In fiscal year 2003, cash provided by financing
activities was primarily a result of $21.9 million of loans
from JWMA, a $8.7 million loan from Kingston Properties,
LLC and a $8.5 million equity contribution from JWMA.
The following table presents our contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006, which consist of
legal commitments requiring us to make fixed or determinable
cash payments, regardless of contractual requirements with the
vendor to provide future goods or services. We purchase raw
materials for inventory, services and manufacturing equipment
from a variety of vendors. During the normal course of business,
in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help assure
adequate supply, we enter into agreements with suppliers that
either allow us to procure goods and services when we choose or
that establish purchase requirements.
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005 were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due By Year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
|
More than |
Contractual Obligations |
|
Total |
|
1 Year |
|
1 - 3 Years |
|
3 - 5 Years |
|
5 Years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
Long-term debt(1)
|
|
$32,144 |
|
$858 |
|
$8,021 |
|
$14,737 |
|
$8,528 |
Capital (Finance) leases
|
|
33 |
|
9 |
|
16 |
|
8 |
|
— |
Operating leases
|
|
876 |
|
290 |
|
350 |
|
140 |
|
96 |
Purchase obligations(2)
|
|
36,186 |
|
36,122 |
|
64 |
|
— |
|
— |
Recycling obligations
|
|
917 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$70,156 |
|
$37,279 |
|
$8,451 |
|
$14,885 |
|
$9,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our contractual obligations as of July 1, 2006 were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due By Year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
|
More than |
Contractual Obligations |
|
Total |
|
1 Year |
|
1 - 3 Years |
|
3 - 5 Years |
|
5 Years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
Long-term debt(1)
|
|
$31,784 |
|
$498 |
|
$8,021 |
|
$16,675 |
|
$6,590 |
Capital (Finance) leases
|
|
52 |
|
7 |
|
28 |
|
17 |
|
— |
Operating leases
|
|
886 |
|
198 |
|
441 |
|
203 |
|
44 |
Purchase obligations(2)
|
|
43,020 |
|
42,487 |
|
513 |
|
20 |
|
— |
Recycling obligations
|
|
1,973 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
1,973 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$77,715 |
|
$43,190 |
|
$9,003 |
|
$16,915 |
|
$8,607 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
(1) |
Includes estimated cash interest to be paid over the remaining
terms of the debt. |
|
(2) |
Purchase obligations are agreements to purchase goods or
services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that
specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum
quantities to be purchased, fixed minimum, or variable price
provisions and the approximate timing of transactions. |
On July 27, 2006, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH, a wholly
owned indirect subsidiary of First Solar, Inc., entered into a
credit facility agreement with a consortium of banks led by IKB
Deutsche Industriebank AG, under which we can draw up to
€102.0 million
($122.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) to
fund costs of constructing our German Plant. This credit
facility consists of a term loan of up to
€53.0 million
($63.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) and
a revolving credit facility of
€27.0 million
($32.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). The
facility also provides for a bridge loan, which we can draw
against to fund construction costs that we later expect to be
reimbursed through funding from the Federal Republic of Germany
under the Investment Grant Act of 2005
(“Investitionszulagen”), of up to
€22.0 million
($26.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). We
can make drawdowns against the term loan and the bridge loan
until December 30, 2007, and we can make drawdowns against
the revolving credit facility until September 30, 2012. We
have incurred costs related to the credit facility totaling
$1.9 million as of September 15, 2006, which we will
recognize as interest expense over the time that borrowings are
outstanding under the credit facility. We also pay an annual
commitment fee of 0.6% of any amounts not drawn down on the
credit facility. At September 15, 2006, we had
€12.9 million
($15.5 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.
We must repay the term loan in twenty quarterly payments
beginning on March 31, 2008 and ending on December 30,
2012. We must repay the bridge loan with any funding we receive
from the Federal Republic of Germany under the Investment Grant
Act of 2005, but in any event, the bridge loan must be paid in
full by December 30, 2008. Once repaid, we may not draw
again against term loan or bridge loan facilities. The revolving
credit facility expires on and must be repaid by
December 30, 2012. In certain circumstances, we must also
use proceeds from fixed asset sales or insurance claims to make
additional principal payments, and during 2009 we will also be
required to make a one-time principal repayment equal to 20% of
any “surplus cash flow” of First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH during 2008. Surplus cash flow is a term defined in the
credit facility agreement that is approximately equal to cash
flow from operating activities, less required payments on
indebtedness.
We must pay interest at the annual rate of the Euro interbank
offered rate (Euribor) plus 1.6% on the term loan, Euribor plus
2.0% on the bridge loan, and Euribor plus 1.8% on the revolving
credit facility. Each time we make a draw against the term loan
or the bridge loan, we may choose to pay interest on that
drawdown every three or six months; each time we make a draw
against the revolving credit facility, we may choose to pay
interest on that drawdown every one, three, or six months. The
credit facility requires us to mitigate our interest rate risk
on the term loan by entering into pay-fixed, receive-floating
interest rate swaps covering at least 75% of the balance
outstanding under the loan.
The Federal Republic of Germany is guaranteeing 48% of our
combined borrowings on the term loan and revolving credit
facility and the State of Brandenburg is guaranteeing another
32%. We pay an annual fee, not to exceed
€0.5 million
($0.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) for
these guarantees. In addition, we must maintain a debt service
reserve of
€3.0 million
($3.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in a
restricted bank account, which the lenders may access if we are
unable to make required payments on the credit facility.
Substantially all of our assets in Germany, including the German
plant, have been pledged as collateral for the credit facility
and the government guarantees.
The credit facility contains various financial covenants with
which we must comply. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH’s cash
flow available for debt service must be at least 1.1 times its
required principal and interest payments for all its
liabilities, and the ratio of its total noncurrent liabilities
to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization may not exceed 3.0:1 from January 1, 2008
through December 31, 2008, 2.5:1 from January 1, 2009
through December 31, 2009 and 1.5:1 from January 1,
2010 through the remaining term of the credit facility.
The credit facility also contains various non-financial
covenants with which we must comply. We must submit various
financial reports, financial calculations and statistics,
operating statistics and financial and business forecasts to the
lender. We must adequately insure our German operation, and we
may not change the type or scope of its business operations.
First Solar Manufacturing GmbH must maintain adequate accounting
and information technology systems. Also, First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH cannot open any bank accounts (other than
those
46
required by the credit facility), enter into any financial
liabilities (other than intercompany obligations or those
liabilities required by the credit facility), sell any assets to
third parties outside the normal course of business, make any
loans or guarantees to third parties, or allow any of its assets
to be encumbered to the benefit of third parties without the
consent of the lenders and government guarantors.
Our ability to withdraw cash from First Solar Manufacturing GmbH
for use in other parts of our business is restricted while we
have outstanding obligations under the credit facility and
associated government guarantees. First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH’s cash flows from operations must generally be used
for the payment of loan interest, fees, and principal before any
remainder can be used to pay intercompany charges, loans, or
dividends. Furthermore, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH generally
cannot make any payments to affiliates if doing so would cause
its cash flow available for debt service to fall below
1.3 times its required principal and interest payments for
all its liabilities for any one year period or cause the amount
of its equity to fall below 30% of the amount of its total
assets. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH also cannot pay
commissions of greater than 2% to First Solar affiliates that
sell or distribute its products. Also, we may be required under
certain circumstances to contribute more funds to First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH, such as if project-related costs exceed our
plan, we do not recover the expected amounts from governmental
investment subsidies, or all or part of the government
guarantees are withdrawn. If there is a decline in the value of
the assets pledged as collateral for the credit facility, we may
also be required to pledge additional assets as collateral.
We are eligible to receive economic development funding from
various German governmental entities, including grants for the
construction of a manufacturing plant in the State of
Brandenburg, Germany. We will invest approximately
€117.0 million
($140.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
the construction of this plant.
On July 26, 2006, we were approved to receive taxable
investment incentives
(“Investitionszuschuesse”) of approximately
€21.5 million
($25.8 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) from
the State of Brandenburg, Germany. These funds will reimburse us
for certain costs we will incur building our plant in
Frankfurt/Oder, Germany, including costs for the construction of
buildings and the purchase of machinery and equipment. Receipt
of these incentives is conditional upon the State of
Brandenburg, Germany having sufficient funds allocated to this
program to pay the reimbursements we claim. In addition, we are
required to operate our facility for a minimum of five years and
employ a specified number of employees during this period. We
expect to recover approximately
€18.2 million
($21.8 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
fiscal 2006 and
€3.3 million
($4.0 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
fiscal 2007. Our incentive approval expires on December 31,
2009. As of September 15, 2006, we had received
€6.4 million
($7.7 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00)
under this program.
We are eligible to recover up to approximately
€23.8 million
($28.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
expenditures related to the construction of our plant in
Frankfurt/Oder, Germany under the German Investment Grant Act of
2005 (“Investitionszulagen”). This Act permits
us to claim tax-exempt reimbursements for certain costs we will
incur building our plant in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany, including
costs for the construction of buildings and the purchase of
machinery and equipment. Tangible assets subsidized under this
program have to remain in the region for at least 5 years.
We plan to claim reimbursement under the Act in conjunction with
the filing of our tax returns with the local German tax office.
Therefore we do not expect to receive funding from this program
until we file our annual tax return for fiscal 2006 in 2007.
This program expires on December 31, 2006, and we can claim
only reimbursement for investments completed by this date. We
expect to have the majority of our buildings and structures and
a portion of our investment in machinery and equipment completed
by this date. As of September 15, 2006, we had not received
any funds under this program.
On July 26, 2006, we entered into a loan agreement which we
amended and restated on August 7, 2006 with the Estate of
John T. Walton, an affiliate of JWMA, under which we can draw up
to $34.0 million. Interest is payable monthly at the annual
rate of the commercial prime lending rate and principal payments
are due at the earlier of January 18, 2008 or the
completion of an initial public offering of our stock. This loan
does not have any collateral requirements. A condition of
obtaining this loan was to refinance our loan from Kingston
Properties, LLC, an affiliate of JWMA. During July 2006, we drew
$26.0 million against this loan, of which $8.7 million
was used to repay the Kingston Properties, LLC note.
On July 1, 2005, First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and
First Solar Property, LLC, both wholly owned subsidiaries of
First Solar, Inc., entered into a loan agreement with the
Director of Development of the State of Ohio for
$15.0 million, all of which was outstanding at July 1,
2006. The interest rate on the note is 2% per annum, plus a
monthly service fee equal to 0.021%, payable monthly in arrears
on the first day of each month. Principal payments commence on
December 1, 2006 and end on July 1, 2015, and we may
pre-pay the note in whole or in part at any time. The note is
secured by a first-priority lien on our land and building in
Perrysburg, Ohio and guaranteed by
47
First Solar, Inc. The loan requires us to comply with
non-financial covenants that primarily provide information
rights to the lender. We did not meet such reporting requirement
in a timely manner and received a waiver of non-compliance from
the lender on June 5, 2006.
On December 1, 2003, First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and First
Solar Property, LLC entered into a loan agreement with The
Director of the State of Ohio for $5.0 million, all of
which was outstanding on July 1, 2006. The interest rate on
the note was 0.25% per annum for the first year the loan is
outstanding, 1.25% during the second and third years, 2.25%
during the fourth and fifth years and 3.25% for the remaining
term of the note. In addition, we pay a monthly service fee
equal to 0.021%. Interest is payable monthly, on the first day
of each month. Principal payments commence on January 1,
2007 and end on December 1, 2009, and we may pre-pay the
note in whole or in part at any time after January 1, 2007.
The note is secured by a first-priority lien on the machinery
and equipment in our Perrysburg, Ohio manufacturing plant and
guaranteed by First Solar, Inc. The loan requires us to comply
with non-financial covenants that primarily provide information
rights to the lender.
On May 14, 2003, First Solar Property, LLC issued a
$8.7 million promissory note due June 1, 2010 to
Kingston Properties, LLC. The interest rate of the note is
3.70% per annum. We pre-payed this note in full in July
2006.
On February 22, 2006, we received $73.3 million from the
issuance of $74.0 million of convertible senior
subordinated notes, less $0.7 million of issuance costs, to
Goldman, Sachs & Co. On May 10, 2006, we extinguished
these notes by payment of 878,651 shares of our common stock.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of July 1, 2006.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our international operations accounted for approximately 99.6%
of our net sales in fiscal year 2005 and 94.7% of our net sales
in fiscal year 2004. In fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2004,
all of our international sales were denominated in Euros. As a
result, we have exposure to foreign exchange risk with respect
to almost all of our net sales. Fluctuations in exchange rates,
particularly in the U.S. Dollar to Euro exchange rate,
affect our gross and net profit margins and could result in
foreign exchange and operating losses. Our exposure to foreign
exchange risk primarily relates to currency gains and losses
from the time we sign and settle our sales contracts. For
example, we recently entered into our Long Term Supply
Contracts. These contracts obligate us to deliver solar modules
at a fixed price in Euros per Watt, and do not adjust for
fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar to Euro exchange rate. In
2005, a 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have
impacted our net sales by $4.8 million.
In the past, exchange rate fluctuations have had an impact on
our business and results of operations. For example, exchange
rate fluctuations positively impacted our cash flows by
$0.4 million in fiscal year 2005 and negatively impacted
our cash flows by $0.2 million in fiscal year 2004.
Although we cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate
fluctuations on our business or results of operations, we
believe that we may have increased risk associated with currency
fluctuations in the future. Currently, we do not engage in
hedging activities; however, our expenditures denominated in
Euros are increasing due to the construction of our German Plant
and capital equipment purchases from German suppliers. Most of
the German Plant’s operating expenses will be in Euros
creating further opportunities for some natural hedge against
the currency risk in our net sales. In addition, we may decide
to enter into other hedging activities in the future.
We are exposed to interest rate risk because many of our
end-users depend on debt financing to purchase and install a
photovoltaic system. Although the useful life of a photovoltaic
system is approximately 25 years, end-users of our solar
modules must pay the entire cost of the photovoltaic system at
the time of installation. As a result, many of our end-users
rely on debt financing to fund the up-front capital expenditure.
An increase in interest rates could make it difficult for our
end-users to secure the financing necessary to purchase and
install a PV system on favorable terms, or at all, and thus
lower demand for our solar modules and reduce our net sales. In
addition, we believe that a significant percentage of our
end-users install photovoltaic systems as an investment, funding
the initial capital expenditure through a combination of equity
and debt. An increase in interest rates could lower an
investor’s return on investment in a photovoltaic system or
make alternative investments more attractive relative to
photovoltaic systems, which, in each case, could cause these
end-users to seek alternative investments that promise higher
returns.
48
During July 2006, we entered into the loan agreement with the
Estate of John T. Walton, which bears interest at the
commercial prime lending rate. Also, during July 2006, we
entered into the IKB credit facility, which bears interest
at Euribor plus 1.6% for the term loan, Euribor plus 2.0% for
the bridge loan and Euribor plus 1.8% for the revolving credit
facility.
We entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional
amount of
€14.9 million
($17.9 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) to
convert the variable interest on the IKB term loan of
Euribor plus 1.6% to a fixed interest rate.
We are exposed to price risks associated with raw material
purchases, most significantly tellurium. Currently, we purchase
all of our cadmium telluride in manufactured form from two
qualified manufacturers, but we plan to qualify additional
manufacturers. We have a three year written contract with one of
our two qualified suppliers, which provides for quarterly price
adjustments based on the cost of tellurium. We purchase cadmium
telluride from our other qualified supplier under quarterly
purchase orders. In 2006, we entered into a multi-year tellurium
supply contract in order to mitigate potential cost volatility
and secure raw material supplies. We acquire the remainder of
our raw materials under quarterly or annual purchase orders, at
prices based on annual volumes. Because the sale prices of solar
modules in our Long Term Supply Contracts do not adjust for raw
material price increases and are generally for a longer term
than our supply contracts, we may be unable to pass on increases
in the cost of our raw materials to our customers.
In addition, most of our key raw materials are either
sole-sourced or sourced by a limited number of third-party
suppliers. As a result, the failure of any of our suppliers to
perform could disrupt our supply chain and impair our
operations. If our existing suppliers fail to perform, we will
be required to identify and qualify new suppliers, a process
that can take between one and twelve months depending on the raw
material. We might be unable to identify new suppliers or
qualify their products for use on our production line in a
timely basis and on commercially reasonable terms.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004),
Share-Based Payments, which revises SFAS 123,
supersedes APB 25 and SFAS 148, and amends
SFAS 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the
requirements of SFAS 123(R) are similar to those of
SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires companies to
recognize compensation expense for all stock-based payments to
employees, including grants of employee stock options, in their
statements of operations based on the fair value of the awards.
We adopted SFAS 123(R) during the first quarter of the year
ended December 31, 2005 using the “modified
retrospective” method of transition.
In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. (SAB) 107, which
provides guidance regarding the implementation of
SFAS 123(R). In particular, SAB 107 provides guidance
regarding calculating assumptions used in stock-based
compensation valuation models, the classification of stock-based
compensation expense, the capitalization of stock-based
compensation costs, the classification of redeemable financial
instruments and disclosures in management’s discussion and
analysis in filings with the SEC. We have applied (SAB) 107
in our adoption of SFAS 123(R).
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 151, which clarifies
the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense,
freight, handling costs, and spoilage. SFAS 151 also
requires the allocation of fixed production overhead costs based
on normal production capacity. We adopted this statement in 2005
and the adoption did not have a material effect on our financial
position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, Exchanges of
Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29.
APB 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions,
applies the principle that exchanges of nonmonetary assets
should be measured based on the fair value of the assets
exchanged. SFAS 153 amends APB 29 by eliminating the
exception to fair value accounting for nonmonetary changes of
similar productive assets and replacing it with a general
exception to fair value accounting for nonmonetary exchanges
that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange
has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity
are expected to change significantly as a result of the
exchange. We will adopt SFAS 153 during 2006 and do not
expect this to have a material effect on our financial position,
results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. (FIN) 47,
Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations.
“Conditional” asset retirement obligations are legal
obligations to perform an asset retirement activity in which the
timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future
event that may or may not be within the
49
entity’s control. FIN 47 clarifies that an entity must
record a liability for a conditional asset retirement obligation
if the fair value of the obligation can be reasonably estimated
and establishes when an entity would have sufficient information
to reasonably estimate that fair value. We adopted FIN 47
during 2005, and it did not have a material effect on our
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS 154, Accounting
Changes and Error Corrections, which supersedes APB 20,
Accounting Changes, and SFAS 3, Reporting
Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements.
SFAS 154 changes the method for reporting an accounting
change. Under SFAS 154, accounting changes must be
retrospectively applied to all prior periods whose financial
statements are presented, unless the change in accounting
principle is due to a new pronouncement that provides other
transition guidance or unless application of the retrospective
method is impracticable. Under the retrospective method,
companies will no longer present the cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle in their statement of operations
for the period of the change. SFAS 154 carries forward
unchanged APB 20’s guidance for reporting corrections
of errors in previously issued financial statements and for
reporting changes in accounting estimates. We will adopt
SFAS 154 during 2006 and do not expect this to have a
material effect on our financial position, results of operations
or cash flows.
In January 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155,
Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments. SFAS
No. 155 amends SFAS No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and SFAS
No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of
Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. SFAS
No. 155 also resolves issues addressed in SFAS No. 133
Implementation Issue No. D1, Application of
Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized
Financial Assets. SFAS No. 155 eliminates the exemption
from applying SFAS No. 133 to interests in securitized
financial assets so that similar instruments are accounted for
in the same manner regardless of the form of the instruments.
SFAS No. 155 allows a preparer to elect fair value
measurement at acquisition, at issuance, or when a previously
recognized financial instrument is subject to a remeasurement
(new basis) event, on an instrument-by-instrument basis. SFAS
No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired
or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal
year that begins after September 15, 2006. The fair value
election provided for in paragraph 4(c) of SFAS
No. 155 may also be applied upon adoption of SFAS
No. 155 for hybrid financial instruments that had been
bifurcated under paragraph 12 of SFAS No. 133 prior to
the adoption of this Statement. Earlier adoption is permitted as
of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year, provided the
entity has not yet issued financial statements, including
financial statements for any interim period for that fiscal
year. Provisions of SFAS No. 155 may be applied to
instruments that an entity holds at the date of adoption on an
instrument-by-instrument basis. Adoption of this standard is not
expected to have a material impact on our financial position,
results of operations, or cash flows.
In February 2006, the FASB issued FSP
FAS 123R-4,
Classification of Options and Similar Instruments Issued as
Employee Compensation That Allow for Cash Settlement upon the
Occurrence of a Contingent Event. The guidance in FSP
FAS 123R-4 amends
paragraphs 32 and A229 of FASB Statement No. 123R to
incorporate the concept articulated in footnote 16 of
FAS 123R. That is, a cash settlement feature that can be
exercised only upon the occurrence of a contingent event that is
outside the employee’s control does not meet the condition
in paragraphs 32 and A229 until it becomes probable that
the event will occur. Originally under FAS 123R, a
provision in a stock-based payment plan that required an entity
to settle outstanding options in cash upon the occurrence of any
contingent event required classification and accounting for the
share based payment as a liability. This caused an issue under
certain awards that require or permit, at the holder’s
election, cash settlement of the option or similar instrument
upon (a) a change in control or other liquidity event of
the entity or (b) death or disability of the holder. With
this new FSP, these types of cash settlement features will not
require liability accounting so long as the feature can be
exercised only upon the occurrence of a contingent event that is
outside the employees control (such as an initial public
offering) until it becomes probable that event will occur. The
guidance in this FSP has been applied upon our adoption of
Statement 123(R).
In July 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes. Tax law is subject to
significant and varied interpretation, so an enterprise may be
uncertain whether a tax position that it has taken will
ultimately be sustained when it files its tax return.
FIN 48 establishes a “more-likely-than-not”
threshold that must be met before a tax benefit can be
recognized in the financial statements and, for those benefits
that may be recognized, stipulates that enterprises should
recognize the largest amount of the tax benefit that has a
greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon
ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. FIN 48 also
addresses changes in judgments about the realizability of tax
benefits, accrual of interest and penalties on unrecognized tax
benefits, classification of liabilities for unrecognized tax
benefits, and related financial statement disclosures. We will
adopt FIN 48 during 2007 and do not expect this to have a
material effect on our financial position, results of
operations, or cash flows.
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INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA
This prospectus includes industry and market data that we
obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party
studies and surveys, filings of public companies in our industry
and internal company surveys. These sources include Datamonitor,
the Energy Information Administration, the International Energy
Agency, Photon International, Solarbuzz, Sun & Wind
Energy and the World Bank. Industry publications and surveys
generally state that the information contained therein has been
obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Unless otherwise
noted, statements as to our market position relative to our
competitors are approximated and based on the above-mentioned
third-party data and internal analysis and estimates as of the
latest available date. Although we believe the industry and
market data and statements as to market position to be reliable
as of the date of this prospectus, this information could prove
inaccurate. Industry and market data could be wrong because of
the method by which sources obtained their data and because
information cannot always be verified with complete certainty
due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw
data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and
other limitations and uncertainties. In addition, we do not know
all of the assumptions regarding general economic conditions or
growth that were used in preparing the forecasts from sources
cited herein.
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INDUSTRY
Electric Power Industry
Global demand for electric power is expected to increase from
14.8 trillion kilowatt hours in 2003 to 27.1 trillion kWh by
2025, according to the Energy Information Administration, or the
EIA. To meet this demand, the International Energy Agency, or
the IEA, estimates that investments in generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity must reach approximately $10
trillion by 2030. According to the IEA, fossil fuels such as
coal, oil and natural gas generated over 65% of the world’s
electricity in 2002. However, fossil fuels face a number of
challenges that will limit their ability to supply the expanding
global demand for energy:
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Limited supply and rising cost of fossil fuels.
Limited fossil fuel supply and escalating electricity
consumption are causing wholesale electricity prices to
increase. For example, from 2000 to 2005, the average cost of
all fossil fuels used to generate electricity globally increased
by 67%, according to the IEA. The rising cost of fossil fuels
has resulted in higher electricity costs for consumers and
highlighted the need to develop new technologies for electricity
generation. |
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Dependence on energy from foreign regions. Many
countries depend on foreign energy for a majority of their
domestic energy needs. For example, the World Bank estimates
that, in 2003, Italy, Japan and Korea imported over 80% of their
energy requirements, Germany and Spain imported over 60% of
their energy requirements and the United States imported
approximately 28% of its energy requirements. Political and
economic instability in some of the leading energy producing
regions of the world have induced many countries to explore
domestic energy alternatives, including renewable energy, in
order to reduce foreign energy dependence. |
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Environmental concerns. Environmental concerns
over the by-products of fossil fuels have led to a global search
for environmentally friendly solutions to the world’s
growing electricity needs. By the end of 2005, approximately 165
countries signed the Kyoto Protocol, agreeing to reduce
emissions of carbon dioxide and other gasses by 5.2% from 1990
levels between 2008 and 2012. Many countries have since taken
pro-active steps to reduce emissions, such as adopting subsidies
to encourage the commercialization of renewable energy. |
Renewable Energy Industry
The same challenges facing fossil fuels are creating a growth
opportunity for renewable energy. Renewable energy sources for
electric power generation include hydroelectric, biomass,
geothermal, wind and solar. Within the renewable energy
industry, hydroelectric power currently generates the most
electricity. According to the EIA, hydroelectric power accounted
for approximately 6.5% of electricity generated in the United
States in 2004, compared to just 2.3% for all other sources of
renewable energy combined. While hydroelectric power generation
currently has the largest installed base within renewable
energy, the future growth of hydroelectric power will likely be
limited due to environmental concerns and a lack of suitable
sites.
Among renewable sources of electricity, solar energy has the
most potential to meet the world’s growing electricity
needs. According to the Department of Energy, the sun is the
only source of renewable energy that has a large enough resource
base to meet a significant portion of the world’s
electricity needs. A study commissioned by the Department of
Energy estimates that, on average, 120,000 trillion Watts, or
TW, of solar energy strike the Earth per year, far exceeding the
global electricity consumption rate of 14.3TW in 2002. At a
typical latitude for the United States, a net 10% efficient
solar energy “farm” covering 1.6% of the
U.S. land area could theoretically meet the country’s
entire domestic electricity needs. In contrast, the same study
estimates that the remaining global, practically exploitable
hydroelectric resource is less than 0.5TW, the cumulative energy
in all the tides and ocean currents in the world amounts to less
than 2TW, the total geothermal energy at the surface of the
Earth, integrated over all the land area of all seven
continents, is 12TW, of which only a small fraction could be
practically extracted, and the total amount of globally
extractable wind power is between 2TW and 4TW. Wind is a
commercially viable and scalable source of renewable energy, but
it also faces environmental challenges and many of the most
attractive high wind resource areas have already been developed.
Solar electricity is generated using either photovoltaic or
solar thermal technology to extract energy from the sun.
Photovoltaic electricity generating systems directly convert the
sun’s energy into electricity, whereas solar thermal
systems heat water or other fluids that are then used as sources
of energy. Photovoltaic systems are either
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grid-connected systems or off-grid systems. Grid-connected
systems are connected to the electricity transmission and
distribution grid and feed solar electricity into the
end-user’s electrical system and/or the grid. Such systems
are commonly mounted on the rooftops of buildings, integrated
into building facades or installed on the ground using support
structures, and range in size from
2-3 kilowatts to
multiple megawatts, or MW. Off-grid photovoltaic systems are
typically much smaller and are frequently used in remote areas
where they may be the only source of electricity for the
end-user.
Photovoltaic systems are currently the most widely used method
of transforming sunlight into electricity. Annual installations
by the photovoltaic industry grew from 0.3 GW in 2001 to 1.5GW
in 2005, representing an average annual growth rate of over 43%.
Cumulative installed capacity surpassed 5GW during 2005.
In 2005, Germany was the world-leader in MW volume of
photovoltaic installations with 57%, followed by Japan with 20%
and the United States with 7%, according to Solarbuzz.
Germany’s and Japan’s historical dominance is
attributable to their government incentive programs, which were
designed to stimulate market demand for photovoltaic systems.
Other European countries have adopted or are adopting similar
laws and policies, as are countries in Asia and several states
in the United States, including California. The recently
announced California Solar Initiative commits $2.9 billion
in incentives over 10 years with the goal of supporting
installations of 3GW new installed capacity by 2017.
Solar energy generated through photovoltaic systems has several
advantages compared to conventional and other renewable sources
of electricity, including the following:
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Solar energy is distributive. Photovoltaic systems
achieve economies of scale at small sizes and are modular, and
thus can be installed at or near the sites where the solar
electricity is consumed. By contrast, most methods of
electricity generation are centrally generated and delivered to
consumers over a transmission and distribution grid. As a
result, solar generation can mitigate the cost and distribution
and transmission constraints often faced by centrally generated
energy sources. |
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Solar energy systems require minimal operating expense.
Once installed, photovoltaic systems typically require very
little maintenance and no fuel, minimizing the operating expense
of a photovoltaic system over the 25 year life of key
system elements. As a result, the cost of electricity generated
by a photovoltaic system is substantially fixed at the time of
installation and is subject to minimal increase or volatility
over the life of the system. By contrast, other methods of
electricity generation require higher amounts of maintenance and
replacement costs over the life of the system. In addition,
fossil fuel and biomass power plants face volatility in fuel
supply and cost. These maintenance, replacement and fuel costs
can be unpredictable and cause the cost of electricity generated
by these systems to increase over the system’s useful life. |
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Solar modules can be installed at a variety of locations.
Photovoltaic systems can generate electricity anywhere sunlight
hits the Earth’s surface. By contrast, relatively fewer
locations have the natural resources and grid access necessary
to support hydroelectric, wind or geothermal electricity
generating systems. While power plants using fossil fuels,
biomass and nuclear technology are not restricted by natural
conditions, their development is often constrained by long lead
times for permitting and construction, availability of fuel,
infrastructure requirements and environmental concerns. |
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Solar energy generation typically coincides with the times of
peak energy demand. Photovoltaic systems generate most of
their electricity during the afternoon hours, when the energy
from the sun is strongest. In many areas and times of the year,
the greatest demand for electricity is also during these same
afternoon hours. Consumers can therefore replace peak time
conventional electricity, which can be more expensive and less
reliable than electricity purchased during non-peak times, with
distributed solar electricity. |
Challenges Facing the Photovoltaic Industry
Despite the advantages of solar energy generated through
photovoltaic systems, the photovoltaic industry must overcome a
number of challenges to grow and achieve widespread
commercialization of its products, including the following:
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Current high cost of solar electricity. Currently, solar
electricity is not competitive with conventional sources of
electricity on a cost basis without government subsidies. The
demand for solar |
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modules may decline if government subsidies are reduced or
eliminated before solar electricity can compete with
conventional sources of electricity on a cost basis. See
“Business—Government Subsidies”. |
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Limited availability of semiconductor materials. Solar
modules require a semiconductor material to convert solar energy
into electricity. Over 94% of the MW volume of solar modules
sold in 2005 used crystalline silicon as their semiconductor
material, according to Solarbuzz. High demand from the
photovoltaic and microelectronics industries has led to a
shortage of silicon feedstock, which currently limits the growth
of many solar module manufacturers. While manufacturers of
silicon feedstock are building new manufacturing plants to
increase supply, the construction of such plants is time
consuming and requires substantial capital expenditures. |
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Intermittent source of power. Photovoltaic systems
require sunlight to generate electricity and are less effective
in climates of low sunlight and extreme hot and cold
temperatures. As a result, photovoltaic systems generally cannot
be used as a sole source of electricity and must be combined
with a storage solution (such as a battery) or other source of
electricity (such as grid electricity or diesel generation) in
order to provide a complete solution to the end-user. |
The Cost and Operating Metrics of a Photovoltaic System
Electricity is generated by photovoltaic systems, which are
comprised of solar modules, mounting structures and electrical
components. Solar module manufacturers price and sell solar
modules per Watt of rated power, which is the rated power under
standard test conditions. Power is a rating of a solar
module’s capacity to produce electricity and is measured in
Watts, where one thousand Watts equals one kilowatt and one
thousand equals one MW. Electricity is measured in kilowatt
hours, and is the quantity of power produced for a given period
of time. For example, a photovoltaic system producing
1 kilowatt of power for three hours generates
3 kilowatt hours of electricity. Retail electricity is
generally discussed in terms of kilowatt hours. According to the
EIA, in 2001, the average U.S. household consumed
approximately 10,600 kilowatt hours of electricity.
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Cost of a Photovoltaic System |
The manufacturing cost per Watt of a solar module equals the
cost to produce a solar module divided by the module’s
number of sellable Watts. Sellable Watts per module is a
function of, among other things, the conversion efficiency of
the solar module. The conversion efficiency of a solar module is
primarily a function of the type of semiconductor material, the
device structure and optimization of the manufacturing process.
Manufacturers of solar modules are divided into two broad
categories based on the type of semiconductor technology they
utilize to convert sunlight into electricity: crystalline
silicon technology or thin film technology. Crystalline silicon
modules generally have higher conversion efficiencies than thin
film solar modules. However, crystalline silicon production
processes use approximately 100 times more semiconductor
material and are more expensive than the best performing thin
film production processes. By lowering the cost to produce a
solar module, thin film solar modules manufactured in high
volume commercial production can have a lower manufacturing cost
per Watt than crystalline silicon solar modules, even though
crystalline silicon solar modules have higher conversion
efficiencies.
While solar modules are sold based on their rated power, the
amount of electricity a solar module can generate and the
effective cost of that electricity are also relevant to a
purchasing decision. The cost per kilowatt hour of solar
electricity can be derived by dividing the solar electricity
generated over the life of the photovoltaic system into the
total cost of the system. Solar modules, which have a useful
life of approximately 25 years, generally represent
approximately half of the cost of a photovoltaic system.
Mounting structures, equipment and electrical components
generally comprise the other half of the cost of a photovoltaic
system. In calculating the cost per kilowatt hour of solar
electricity, many customers also consider the “time
value” of the capital required to purchase and install the
system.
The price of conventional energy varies considerably by region
based on, among other things, the cost of producing and
importing energy. To become competitive with conventional
sources of electricity, the price per kilowatt hour of
distributive solar electricity must approach the retail price of
conventional electricity displaced by solar electricity in a
given region. For solar power to serve as a source of on-grid
generation, it must compete with the average wholesale price of
electricity in a given region, as well as the price per kilowatt
hour of other sources of renewable energy.
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Operating Metrics of a Photovoltaic system |
The photovoltaic industry uses a widely accepted set of standard
measurement procedures and test conditions for the direct
comparison of each solar module. These conditions, called
Standard Test Conditions, specify a standard temperature, solar
irradiance level and angle of the sun, and are used to determine
the power rating and conversion efficiency of each solar module.
On average, at noon on a cloudless day, sunlight provides about
1 kilowatt of power to each square meter of the
Earth’s surface. A solar module operating at a 10%
conversion efficiency under these sunlight conditions will
provide 100 Watts of direct current power per square meter
(kilowatt of sunlight power x 10% conversion efficiency =
100 Watts of solar power). If these sunlight conditions
persist for one hour, the solar module will generate
100 Watt hours, or 0.1 kilowatt hour, of solar
electricity (100 Watts solar power x 1 hour duration =
0.1 kilowatt hour of solar electricity). Crystalline
silicon solar modules in commercial production had average
conversion efficiencies of approximately 14% in 2005. Thin film
solar modules in high volume commercial production (over 20MW
per year) had average conversion efficiencies that ranged from
approximately 6% to approximately 9% in 2005. The conversion
efficiency of our solar modules averaged approximately 9% in the
first quarter of 2006. In order to reach a comparable level of
installed power, a photovoltaic system that employs solar
modules with relatively lower conversion efficiencies must
employ more solar modules than a photovoltaic generation system
that uses solar modules with higher conversion efficiencies.
Under real-world operating conditions, a typical photovoltaic
system operates outside of Standard Test Conditions for much of
the time. For example, the location and design of a photovoltaic
system, time of day and year, temperature and angle of the sun
impact the performance of a photovoltaic system, and the
conversion efficiencies of solar modules generally reduce when
operating outside Standard Test Conditions. In order to
determine the solar electricity that a photovoltaic system will
generate, it is therefore necessary to understand not only the
Standard Test Conditions power rating of a solar module, but
also the design of the photovoltaic system, real world
conditions under which the system will operate and performance
characteristics of the solar modules and electrical components
outside Standard Test Conditions.
Photovoltaic Technology
Historically, crystalline silicon has been the most common
semiconductor material used in solar modules. In 2005, 94% of
the MW volume of solar modules sold employed crystalline silicon
technology, while thin film technology accounted for only 6% the
MW volume of solar modules sold. Thin film solar modules
generally employ one of three different semiconductor materials
to convert solar energy into electricity: cadmium telluride;
copper indium gallium diselenide; or amorphous silicon.
Thin film technology offers several cost and performance
advantages over crystalline silicon technology, including the
following:
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Fundamental cost advantage. Thin film technology employs
semiconductor materials that are efficient absorbers of energy
from the solar spectrum. As a result, thin film technology
enables manufacturers to produce solar modules with
approximately 1% of the semiconductor material used to produce
crystalline silicon solar modules, potentially providing a
fundamental material cost advantage. Recent increases in the
price of silicon feedstock have heightened the cost advantage
opportunity of thin film technology. The price of silicon
feedstock increased from $28-$32/kg for 2004 delivery to
$45-$50/kg for 2006 delivery, and spot prices have been reported
to exceed $100/kg in 2006. Over the same period, the price of
cadmium telluride semiconductor material also increased;
however, the exposure of cadmium telluride thin film
manufacturers to these price increases was limited because of
the relatively small amount of semiconductor material they
employ to manufacture a solar module. |
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Integrated production process. Certain thin film
technologies enable manufacturers to deposit semiconductor
materials directly on large inexpensive superstrates with a
continuous manufacturing process that increases production
throughput over a fixed asset and operating expense base. While
many thin film manufacturers can perform all manufacturing steps
in a continuous process, few crystalline silicon manufacturers
are able to perform every step in the batch manufacturing
process employed to construct a crystalline silicon solar module. |
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Superior product performance. Certain types of thin-film
solar modules, such as cadmium telluride, generate more
electricity across a variety of environments, including high
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and low light, than crystalline silicon solar modules with the
same power rating. Modules that generate more kilowatt hours per
rated killowatt under real-world conditions increases the
end-users’ return on investment. |
Thin film technology also faces a number of disadvantages
relative to crystalline silicon, including the following:
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Limited operating history. No thin film solar module has
been in service for its entire estimated useful life, limiting
the data available to validate estimates of the useful life and
rate of degradation of thin film solar modules. In contrast,
historical operating data validates the useful life and
performance of crystalline silicon solar modules. Additionally,
few thin film manufacturers have been able to achieve the
production throughput rates, yields and product performance
necessary to commercialize their solar modules and achieve many
of the benefits of thin film technology. |
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Lower conversion efficiency. The average conversion
efficiency of thin film solar modules in high volume commercial
production (over 20MW per year) currently ranges from 5% to 9%.
By comparison, the average conversion efficiency of crystalline
silicon solar modules in commercial production is approximately
14%. Because cost per Watt is a function of conversion
efficiency and manufacturing cost, low conversion efficiencies
could make it difficult for some thin film manufacturers to
achieve a low cost per Watt. In addition, the higher conversion
efficiencies of crystalline silicon solar modules, even at a
higher cost per Watt, could be attractive to end-users who want
to generate a certain amount of electricity in a fixed amount of
space. |
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Difficulty in customizing solar modules. To build a
crystalline silicon solar module, a manufacturer connects a
series of independently manufactured photovoltaic cells. As a
result, crystalline silicon manufacturers are able to customize
the size and shape of their solar modules by connecting a larger
or smaller number of photovoltaic cells in a pattern. In
contrast, cadmium telluride thin film manufacturers often
produce only a single product by depositing the semiconductor
material directly on superstrates, and are unable to customize
their product. Because crystalline silicon solar modules can be
customized and have higher conversion efficiencies, they are
currently better suited for distribution in certain residential
markets than cadmium telluride thin film solar modules. |
Government Subsidies and Incentives
Many countries in Europe and Asia and several states in the
United States have adopted a variety of government subsidies and
incentives to allow renewable energy sources to compete with the
currently less expensive conventional sources of energy, such as
fossil fuels. Government subsidies and incentives generally
focus on grid-connected systems and take several forms,
including feed-in tariffs, net metering programs, renewable
portfolio standards, rebates, tax incentives and low interest
loans. See “Business— Government Subsidies”.
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BUSINESS
Overview
We design and manufacture solar modules using a proprietary thin
film semiconductor technology that has allowed us to reduce our
average solar module manufacturing costs to among the lowest in
the world. In 2005, our average manufacturing costs were
$1.59 per Watt, which we believe is significantly less than
those of traditional crystalline silicon solar module
manufacturers. By continuing to expand production and improve
our technology and manufacturing process, we believe that we can
further reduce our manufacturing costs per Watt and improve our
cost advantage over traditional crystalline silicon solar
modules manufacturers. Our objective is to become, by 2010, the
first solar module manufacturer to offer a solar electricity
solution that competes on a non-subsidized basis with the price
of retail electricity in key markets in the United States,
Europe and Asia.
We manufacture our solar modules on a high-throughput production
line and perform all manufacturing steps ourselves in an
automated, continuous process. Our solar modules employ a thin
layer of cadmium telluride semiconductor material to convert
sunlight into electricity. We are the first company to integrate
non-silicon thin film technology into high volume low-cost
production. In less than three hours, we transform an
inexpensive 2ft x 4ft (60cm x 120cm) sheet of glass into a
complete solar module, using approximately 1% of the
semiconductor material used to produce crystalline silicon solar
modules. Our manufacturing process eliminates the multiple
supply chain operators and expensive and time consuming batch
processing steps that are used to produce a crystalline silicon
solar module. Producing low cost solar modules without
crystalline silicon has allowed us to grow rapidly to meet
market demand during a period of time when silicon feedstock
supply shortages and price volatility are limiting the growth of
many of our competitors.
Our net sales grew from $3.2 million in 2003 to
$48.1 million in 2005. Strong market demand, a positive
customer response to our solar modules and our ability to expand
production without raw material constraints present us with the
opportunity to expand sales rapidly and increase market share.
We recently entered into long-term solar module supply contracts
(the “Long Term Supply Contracts”) with six European
project developers and system integrators, which allow for
approximately
€1.2 billion
($1.4 billion at an assumed exchanged rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
sales from 2006 to 2011. These Long Term Supply Contracts
contemplate the manufacture and sale of a total of 745
Megawatts, or MW, of solar modules. Under each of our Long Term
Supply Contracts, we have a unilateral option, exercisable until
December 31, 2006, to increase the sales volumes and extend
each contract through 2012. If we exercise our option under each
of the six contracts, the contracts will allow for approximately
€1.9 billion
($2.3 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
sales from 2006 to 2012 for the manufacture and sale of a total
of 1,270MW of solar modules. In addition to supplying these
contracted volumes, we are in the process of entering into new
customer relationships in Spain and the United States.
In order to satisfy our contractual requirements and address
additional market demand, we are in the process of expanding our
manufacturing capacity to 175MW by the second half of 2007. In
August 2006, we completed our Ohio Expansion, adding two 25MW
production lines to our existing 25MW Base Plant. With the
completion of our Ohio Expansion, we have an annual
manufacturing capacity of 75MW and are the largest thin film
solar manufacturer in the world. We are also building a four
line 100MW German Plant. After our German Plant reaches full
capacity, estimated for the second half of 2007, we will have an
annual manufacturing capacity of 175MW. We are also in the
planning stage for a new manufacturing plant in Asia. To
complete each new production line, we plan to use a systematic
replication process designed to enable us to add production
lines rapidly and efficiently and achieve operating metrics in
new plants that are comparable to the performance of our Base
Plant.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess a number of competitive strengths
that position us to become a leader in the solar energy industry
and compete in the broader electric power industry:
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Cost-per-Watt advantage. Our proprietary thin
film semiconductor technology has allowed us to reduce our
average solar module manufacturing costs to among the lowest in
the world. In 2005, our average manufacturing costs were
$1.59 per Watt, which we believe is significantly less than
those of crystalline silicon solar module manufacturers. |
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Our low manufacturing cost per Watt is derived from our low
material, capital and direct labor costs, and enabled us to
achieve a gross margin of 35% in 2005. Because our technology is
less |
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mature than crystalline silicon technology, we have a
substantial opportunity for continued process improvement and
cost reduction. |
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Continuous and scalable production
process. We manufacture our solar modules on a
high-throughput production line where we perform all
manufacturing steps, from semiconductor deposition to final
assembly and testing, ourselves in an automated, continuous
process that turns a sheet of glass into a solar module in less
than three hours. Our proprietary thin film semiconductor
technology reduces our semiconductor material requirements to
approximately 1% of the semiconductor material used to produce
crystalline silicon solar modules. We have implemented a number
of continuous improvement systems and tools to improve
scalability and increase operating leverage. |
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Replicable production facilities. To complete
each new production line, we plan to use a systematic
replication process designed to enable us to add production
lines rapidly and efficiently and achieve operating metrics in
new plants that are comparable to the performance of our Base
Plant. The Ohio Expansion demonstrated our ability to replicate
a single 25MW production line by creating two new 25MW
production lines, and will serve as a “standard building
block” for building manufacturing lines in Germany and
Asia. By expanding production, we believe we can take advantage
of economies of scale and accelerate development cycles,
enabling further reductions in the price per Watt of our solar
modules. |
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Stable supply of raw materials. We are not
currently constrained by, and do not foresee a shortage of,
cadmium telluride, our most critical semiconductor material. In
addition, because of the relatively small amount of
semiconductor material we use, we believe our exposure to
cadmium telluride price increases is limited. By contrast,
Solarbuzz estimates that the current shortage of silicon
feedstock will constrain the production of certain crystalline
silicon solar module manufacturers until 2008. |
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Pre-sold capacity through Long Term Supply
Contracts. Our Long Term Supply Contracts provide
us with predictable net sales and will enable us to ramp
production and realize economies of scale from capacity
expansions quickly, as we utilize and sell most of our
production capacity upon the qualification of a new production
line. By pre-selling the solar modules to be produced on future
production lines, we minimize the customer demand risk of our
rapid expansion plans. |
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Favorable system performance. Solar modules
usually produce less power than their rated power because of
environmental conditions, including variation in the ambient
temperature and intensity of sunlight. We believe that in
real-world conditions, systems incorporating our solar modules
operate more closely to their rated power than systems
incorporating crystalline silicon solar modules. Such
performance results in more kilowatt hours of electricity per
Watt of rated power and increases our end-users’ return on
investment, which we believe will result in greater demand for
our solar modules. |
Strategies
Our goal is to utilize our proprietary thin film semiconductor
technology to create a sustainable market for our solar modules
by lowering the price of solar electricity to a level that is
competitive with the price of retail electricity on a
non-subsidized basis by 2010 in key markets in the United
States, Europe and Asia. We intend to pursue the following
strategies to attain this goal:
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Penetrate key markets rapidly. Upon
completion of our German Plant and contemplated Asian plant, we
expect to become a global fully-integrated solar module
manufacturer with substantial production capacity. Our new
production lines will enable us to diversify our customer base,
gain market share in key solar module markets and reduce our
dependence on any individual country’s subsidy programs. In
addition, we are exploring new customer relationships in Spain
and the United States, and have allocated a portion of our
planned manufacturing capacity to be available for sale in these
and other markets. On June 7, 2006 we entered into our
first such agreement, a purchase order to sell 2.5MW of solar
power generation kits to the State of California during the
third and fourth quarters of 2006. |
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Further reduce manufacturing cost. We deploy
continuous improvement systems and tools to increase the
throughput of our production lines and the efficiency of our
workforce and reduce our |
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capital intensity and raw material requirements. In addition, by
absorbing fixed costs over higher production volumes, we believe
we can realize economies of scale and continue to lower our
manufacturing cost per Watt. Higher production volumes should
also enable volume-based discounts on certain raw material and
equipment purchases and provide production and operational
experience that translates into improved process and product
performance. |
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Increase sellable Watts per module. We are
implementing several development programs designed to increase
the number of sellable Watts per solar module, which is driven
primarily by conversion efficiency. From 2003 to the end of the
second quarter of 2006, we increased the average conversion
efficiency of our solar modules from approximately 7% to
approximately 9%, which increased the rated power of our solar
modules from approximately 49 Watts to approximately 62 Watts
over the same period. |
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We expect to continue to increase the conversion efficiency of
our solar modules. Our researchers have created small-scale
cadmium telluride cells with a conversion efficiency as high as
14.5%. Independent researchers have achieved a 16.5% conversion
efficiency in the laboratory with small-scale cadmium telluride
cells. As a result, we believe significant net increases in
conversion efficiency are available in full volume production.
We expect some decline in conversion efficiency when producing
solar modules in full scale production because individual
small-scale cells may utilize economically non-feasible
materials and be manufactured using processes that may not scale
to volume manufacturing. In addition, variation among cells is
compounded at the module level where performance is defined by
the weakest performing cell. |
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• |
Enter the mainstream market for
electricity. Although we currently sell all of our
solar modules into subsidized markets, our goal is to identify,
enable and enter non-subsidized markets not currently served by
the solar industry. Cost reductions and performance improvements
in our solar modules will be critical to realizing this goal. In
addition, we believe that our ability to enter the
non-subsidized, mainstream market for electricity will require
system development and optimization, new system financing
options and the development of new market channels. We have
formed a dedicated group to identify the requirements of future
non-subsidized markets for large scale solar generation (1MW and
larger) and to develop the solutions to address them. As part of
our development activities, we anticipate providing solutions
beyond the solar module, ranging from solar system kits to
turnkey financed solar generation projects, in selected market
segments. For example, on June 7, 2006 we entered into an
agreement to sell 2.5MW of solar generation kits, which include
solar modules, mounting systems and electrical interconnection
subsystems, to the State of California during the third and
fourth quarters of 2006. A California authority will then
install and operate our proprietary, low cost photovoltaic
electricity generating system for commercial and industrial
rooftops. We began to generate revenue under this agreement in
September 2006. |
History
First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC was founded in 1999 to bring
an advanced thin film semiconductor process into commercial
production through the acquisition of predecessor technology and
the initiation of a research, development and production program
that allowed us to improve upon the predecessor technology and
launch commercial operations in January 2002. In 2003, a
previous owner forfeited its equity interests in First Solar
US Manufacturing, LLC. Later in 2003, the sole remaining
owner formed First Solar Holdings, LLC, and contributed its
equity interest in First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and
First Solar Property, LLC to First Solar Holdings, LLC. On
February 22, 2006 First Solar Holdings, LLC converted from
a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation
and on June 28, 2006 changed its name to First Solar, Inc.
Products
Each solar module is approximately 2ft x 4ft (60cm x 120cm) and
had an average rated power of approximately 62 Watts at the end
of the second quarter of 2006. Our solar module is a
single-junction polycrystalline thin film structure that employs
cadmium telluride as the absorption layer and cadmium sulfide as
the window layer. cadmium telluride has absorption properties
that are highly matched to the solar spectrum and has the
potential to deliver competitive conversion efficiencies with
approximately 1% of the semiconductor material
59
used by traditional crystalline silicon solar modules. Cadmium
telluride also performs well in a variety of non-optimal
environments, such as low light and hot temperature.
We have participated, or are currently participating, in
laboratory and field tests with the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, the Arizona State University Photovoltaic Testing
Laboratory, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy, TÜV
Immissionsschutz und Engergiesysteme GmbH and the Institut
für Solar Energieversorgungstechnik. Currently, we have
approximately 10,000 solar modules installed worldwide at test
sites designed to collect data for field performance validation.
Using data logging equipment, we also monitor approximately
102,000 solar modules, representing approximately 6MW of
installed photovoltaic systems in use by the end-users that have
purchased systems using our solar modules. The modules in these
monitored systems represent approximately 20% of all solar
modules shipped by us from 2002 to 2005.
We maintain all certifications required to sell solar modules in
the markets we serve or expect to serve, including UL 1703,
IEC 61646, TÜV Safety Class II and CE.
We provide a limited warranty to the original purchasers of our
solar modules for five years following delivery for defects in
materials and workmanship under normal use and service
conditions. We also warrant to the original purchasers of our
solar modules that solar modules installed in accordance with
agreed-upon specifications will produce at least 90% of their
power output rating during the first 10 years following
their installation and at least 80% of their power output rating
during the following 15 years. In resolving claims under
both the defects and power output warranties, we have the option
of either repairing or replacing the covered solar module or,
under the power output warranty, providing additional solar
modules to remedy the power shortfall. Our warranties may be
transferred from the original purchaser of our solar modules to
a subsequent purchaser. As of July 1, 2006, our accrued
warranty expense amounted to $2.1 million.
We believe we are the first company in the photovoltaic industry
to implement a reclamation and recycling program for our solar
modules. Under the Long Term Supply Contracts and other customer
contracts we enter into with project developer and system
integrator customers, we agree to enter into a solar module
reclamation and recycling agreement with each end-user, and our
customers agree to present the solar module reclamation and
recycling agreement to the end-user and provide us with contact
information for such end-user. If our customers resell our solar
modules, we enter into the solar module reclamation and
recycling agreement directly with the end-user. Beginning in
2005, we conditioned the enforceability of our product
warranties on the end-user entering into the solar module
reclamation and recycling agreement to ensure that our end-users
enter into the solar module reclamation and recycling agreement.
After 20 years of service, end-users can return their solar
modules to us at no cost. We pre-fund the estimated recycling
expense at the time of sale. End-users may return their solar
modules before the expiration of the 20 year period if they
pay a portion of the cost to recycle their solar modules. In
addition to achieving substantial environmental benefits, our
solar module recycling program may provide us the opportunity to
recuperate certain raw materials and components for reuse in our
manufacturing process.
Manufacturing
We have integrated our manufacturing processes into a single
production line with three stages: the “deposition”
stage; the “cell definition” stage; and the
“assembly and test” stage. Except for operators
performing quality control and monitoring functions, the only
stage requiring manual processing is the final assembly and test
stage. As a result, we employ 20 people per production line for
each of our four shifts, or a total of
60
80 people per production line for 24 hour per day, seven
day per week production. The diagram below illustrates the three
stages of our production line:
The deposition process begins with the robotic loading of 2ft x
4ft (60cm x 120cm) sheets of low-cost tin oxide-coated soda lime
glass on to the production line where they are cleaned and
chamfered to produce the strong, defect free edges necessary for
subsequent processing steps. Following cleaning, the glass
panels move automatically into a vacuum chamber where they are
heated to near the softening point and coated with a layer of
cadmium sulfide followed by a layer of cadmium telluride using
our proprietary vapor transport deposition technology. Each
layer takes less than 45 seconds to deposit, and combined uses
approximately 1% of the semiconductor material used in
crystalline silicon solar modules. Our ability to deposit the
semiconductor materials quickly and uniformly is critical to
producing low cost, high quality solar modules. Next, we cool
the semiconductor-coated plate rapidly to increase strength. The
deposition stage concludes with a re-crystallization step that
reduces defects within the crystals and minimizes the
recombination that occurs between grain boundaries.
In our cell definition stage, we utilize a series of lasers to
transform the large single semiconductor-coated plate into a
series of interconnected cells that deliver the desired current
and voltage output. Our proprietary laser scribing technology is
capable of accomplishing accurate and complex scribes at high
speeds.
Last, in the assembly and test stage, we apply busbars, EVA
laminate, a rear glass cover sheet and termination wires, seal
the joint box and then subject each solar module to a solar
simulator and current leakage test. The final assembly stage is
the only stage in our production line that requires manual
processing.
All of our solar modules are produced at our Perrysburg, Ohio
facility, which has received both an ISO 9001-2000 quality
system certification and ISO 14001 environmental system
certification.
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Manufacturing Capacity Expansion |
We are in the process of expanding our manufacturing capacity to
175MW by the second half of 2007. In August 2006, we completed
our Ohio Expansion adding two 25MW production lines to our
existing 25MW Base Plant, and increasing our annual
manufacturing capacity to 75MW. We are also building a four line
100MW manufacturing plant in Germany. After our German Plant
reaches full capacity, estimated for the second half of 2007, we
will have an annual manufacturing capacity of 175MW. We are also
in the planning stage for a new manufacturing plant in Asia. To
complete each new production line, we plan to use a systematic
replication process designed to enable us to add production
lines rapidly and efficiently and achieve operating metrics in
new plants that are comparable to the performance of our Base
Plant.
Our manufacturing process uses approximately twenty raw
materials to construct a complete solar module. Of those raw
materials, the following nine are critical to our manufacturing
process: TCO coated front glass, cadmium sulfide, cadmium
telluride, photo resist, EVA laminate, tempered back glass, cord
plate/cord plate cap,
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lead wire (UL and TÜV) and solar connectors. Before we use
these materials in our manufacturing process, a supplier must
undergo a qualification process that can last from one to twelve
months, depending on the type of raw material. Although we
continually evaluate new suppliers and currently are qualifying
several new suppliers, most of our critical materials are
supplied by only one or two sources.
The most critical raw material in our production process is
cadmium telluride. Currently, we purchase all of our cadmium
telluride in manufactured form from two manufacturers. We have a
three year written contract with one of our suppliers, that
provides for quarterly price adjustments based on the cost of
tellurium. We purchase cadmium telluride from our other supplier
under quarterly purchase orders. We acquire the remainder of our
raw materials under quarterly purchase orders, at prices based
on annual volumes. Because the sales prices in our Long Term
Customer Contracts do not adjust for raw material price
increases and these contracts are for a longer term than our raw
material supply contracts, we may be unable to pass on increases
in the cost of our raw materials to these customers.
Marketing and Distribution
We launched the marketing and sale of our solar modules in
Germany in 2003 because Germany has attractive feed-in tariffs,
a high forecasted growth rate for renewable energy and market
segments that we believe our product serves well. Since 2003,
our focus has remained on grid-connected photovoltaic systems in
Germany because, similar to other solar module manufacturers, we
currently cannot compete with conventional sources of
electricity on a cost basis unless end-users receive government
subsidies. While our goal is to reduce the cost of solar
electricity to levels that can compete with fossil fuels and
other conventional sources of electricity, we believe that most
of our distribution in the immediate future will be for use in
grid-connected photovoltaic systems with some form of government
subsidies.
As of July 1, 2006, our direct sales force, customer
service and support network consisted of 5 employees in the
United States and 2 employees in Europe.
Customers
Recently we entered into Long Term Supply Contracts for the
manufacture and sale of a total of 745MW with our six principal
customers: Blitzstrom GmbH, Conergy AG, Gehrlicher
Umweltschonende Energiesysteme GmbH, Juwi Solar GmbH,
Phönix Sonnenstrom AG and Reinecke + Pohl Sun Energy AG.
Our customers are project developers and system integrators and
are headquartered in Germany. Under these Long Term Supply
Contracts, our customers have committed to purchase and we have
committed to sell an annual volume of solar modules at firm
prices that reduce each year in connection with the increasing
volumes. We expect these contracts will generate approximately
€1.2 billion
($1.4 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
sales from 2006 to 2011. Under each of our Long Term Supply
Contracts, we have a unilateral option, exercisable until
December 31, 2006, to increase the sales volumes and extend
each contract through 2012. If we exercise our option under each
of the six contracts, we would expect the contracts will
generate approximately
€1.9 billion
($2.3 billion at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
sales from 2006 to 2012 for the manufacture and sale of a total
of 1,270MW of solar modules.
In 2005 and for the first six months of 2006, our principal
customers were Blitzstrom GmbH, Conergy AG, Gehrlicher
Umweltschonende Energiesysteme GmbH, Juwi Solar GmbH,
Phönix Sonnenstrom AG and Reinecke + Pohl Sun Energy AG.
Our largest customer accounted for approximately 45% of our net
sales in 2005 and approximately 24% of our net sales in the
first quarter of 2006. In the first six months of 2006, the same
customer accounted for 22% of our net sales, while two different
customers accounted for 23% and 22% of our net sales. We
anticipate our dependence on a single customer will be reduced
as a result of our Long Term Supply Contracts; however, the loss
of any of our major customers could have an adverse effect on
our business. As we expand our manufacturing capacity, we
anticipate developing additional customer relationships in
Germany and in other markets and regions, which will reduce our
customer and geographic concentration and dependence.
Our customers sell turnkey solar systems to end-users that
include individual owners of agricultural buildings, owners of
commercial warehouses, offices and industrial buildings, public
agencies and municipal government authorities that own buildings
suitable for solar system deployment, owners of land designated
as former agricultural land, waste land or conversion land, such
as former military bases or industrial areas, and financial
investors that desire to own large scale solar projects.
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Government Subsidies
Countries in Europe and Asia and several states in the United
States have adopted a variety of government subsidies to allow
renewable sources of electricity to compete with conventional
sources of electricity, such as fossil fuels. Government
subsidies and incentives generally focus on grid-connected
systems and take several forms, including feed-in tariffs, net
metering programs, renewable portfolio standards, rebates, tax
incentives and low interest loans.
Under a feed-in tariff subsidy, the government sets prices that
regulated utilities are required to pay for renewable
electricity generated by end-users. The prices are set above
market rates and may be differentiated based on system size or
application. Net metering programs enable end-users to sell
excess solar electricity to their local utility in exchange for
a credit against their utility bills. Net metering programs are
usually combined with rebates, and do not provide cash payments
if delivered solar electricity exceeds their utility bills.
Under a renewable portfolio standard, the government requires
regulated utilities to supply a portion of their total
electricity in the form of renewable electricity. Some programs
further specify that a portion of the renewable energy quota
must be from solar electricity.
Tax incentive programs exist in the United States at both the
federal and state level, and can take the form of investment tax
credits, accelerated depreciation and property tax exemptions.
Several governments also facilitate low interest loans for
photovoltaic systems, either through direct lending, credit
enhancement or other programs.
The following table details several government subsidy programs:
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Type of |
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Incentive |
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Region |
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Program |
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Description |
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Europe
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Germany
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Feed-in tariff |
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Solar system operators receive a fixed rate feed-in tariff for
20 years ranging from
€0.4060/kWh to
€0.5180/kWh in
2006, depending on the size of the system and installation type
(e.g., ground mounted or building mounted). For systems
installed after 2006, the tariff rate for ground mounted systems
is reduced by 6.5% each year and the tariff rates for building
facade and roof mounted arrays are reduced by 5% each year. |
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Spain
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Feed-in tariff |
|
Solar system operators receive a feed-in tariff equal to
€0.42/kWh in 2006
for the first 25 years of system operation for system sizes
up to 100kW. For systems larger than 100kW, the tariff rate is
€0.22/kWh. The
tariff is indexed to the average electricity reference tariff
for electricity generated in Spain, adjusted annually using a
575% multiplier (“Tarifa Media de Referencia” or
“TMR”). After 25 years, the tariff reduces to
460% of the TMR. Spain’s tariff program is capped at a
cumulative installed capacity of 400MW through 2010. |
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Italy
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Feed-in tariff |
|
Solar system operators receive a feed-in tariff based on the
size of the photovoltaic system for 20 years, ranging from
€0.445/kWh to
€0.490/kWh in
2006, with systems larger than 50kW receiving the highest
tariff. Italy’s tariff program is capped at a cumulative
installed capacity of 500MW through 2015, with 360MW for systems
sized under 50kW and 140MW for systems sized between 50kW and
1MW. For systems installed after 2007, the tariffs will be
adjusted annually. |
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Type of |
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Incentive |
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Region |
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Program |
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Description |
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United States
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California
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Rebate |
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Under the California Solar Initiative, or CSI, approved by the
California Public Utilities Commission in January 2006, solar
system operators receive a rebate of $2.50/Watt of solar
generation capacity installed, for systems up to a maximum of
1MW. The 2006 funding level for solar rebates is
$340 million, with 2007-2011 CPUC program funds approved
for a total of $2.9 billion. Solar rebate levels are
scheduled to decline by approximately 10% annually under the CSI
program starting in 2007. On August 24, 2006, the
California Public Utilities Commission refined the details of
the CSI program to provide for monthly incentives for solar
systems greater than 100kW and up-front incentives for solar
systems less than 100kW. It also determined that one-third of
the CSI funds will be reserved for residential solar
installations. |
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New Jersey
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Rebate; Grants; Low Interest Loans; Renewable Portfolio Standard |
|
The New Jersey Clean Energy Program, or NJCEP, targets 90MW of
installed solar generation capacity by 2009 and provides rebates
ranging from $4.35/Watt to $2.80/Watt to private sector
operators of solar systems in 2006 based on the size of the
system, up to a maximum of 700kW. Under the Renewable Energy
Project Grants & Financing Program, a 20% grant and
long term low interest project financing are offered for
projects up to 1MW. The NJCEP program also provides a means for
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates to be created, verified and
sold to electric suppliers who are required to invest in solar
energy purchase under New Jersey’s Renewable Portfolio
Standard. |
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Nevada
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Rebate; Renewable Portfolio Standard |
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The Nevada Solar Generations Program provides rebates of
$3.00/Watt for solar systems up to 30kW in size for a maximum
solar capacity of 3MW in 2006. The 2005 Nevada Legislature
increased Nevada’s Renewable Portfolio Standard to 20% by
2015, and for 2006 not less than 6% of the electricity generated
by regulated utilities must come from renewable sources or
energy efficiency measures. Of the Renewable Portfolio Standard
total, not less than 5% must come from solar renewable energy
systems. |
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Asia
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South Korea
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Feed-in tariff; Low Interest Loan; Rebate |
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Solar system operators receive a 15 year feed-in tariff of
716.40 KRW/kWh (approximately $0.74/kWh). The government of
South Korea has established a target of 1,300MW of installed
solar generation capacity by 2012. The government also offers
loans at a 3.50% floating interest rate with a five year grace
period and ten year repayment period with a special rebate of
2,100 KRW for the installation of a 3kW solar rooftop system. |
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Regulations and policies relating to electricity pricing and
interconnection also encourage distributive generation.
Photovoltaic systems generate most of their electricity during
the afternoon hours when the demand for and cost of electricity
is highest. As a result, electricity generated by photovoltaic
systems mostly competes with expensive peak hour electricity,
rather than the less expensive average price of electricity.
Modifications to the peak hour pricing policies of utilities,
such as to a flat rate, would require photovoltaic systems to
achieve lower prices in order to compete with the price of
electricity. In addition, interconnection policies often enable
the owner of a photovoltaic system to feed solar electricity
into the power grid without interconnection costs or standby
fees.
Research and Development
We continue to devote a substantial amount of resources to
research and development with the objective of lowering the per
Watt cost of solar electricity generated by photovoltaic systems
using our solar modules to a level
64
that competes on a non-subsidized basis with the price of retail
electricity in key markets in the United States, Europe and Asia
by 2010. To reduce the per Watt cost of electricity generated by
photovoltaic systems using our solar modules, we focus our
research and development on the following areas:
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Increase the conversion efficiency of our solar
modules. We believe the most promising ways of
increasing the conversion efficiency of our solar modules are
maximizing the number of photons that reach the absorption layer
of the semiconductor material so they can be converted into
electrons, maximizing the number of electrons that reach the
surface of the cadmium telluride and minimizing the electrical
losses between the semiconductor layer and the back metal
conductor. We have already developed small-scale solar cells
using our technology with conversion efficiencies as high as
14.5%, compared to our module’s average conversion
efficiency of approximately 9% achieved in full production in
the first six months of 2006. |
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We believe that our ability to achieve higher module
efficiencies is primarily a function of transferring technology
that we have demonstrated in the laboratory and in pilot
production into high-throughput module production by making
incremental improvements to the solar module and the
manufacturing process. Our process development activities
encompass laboratory level research and development, device
modeling, process optimization and the qualification of process
improvements in high-throughput production. In the second half
of 2006, we plan to add equipment for further process
developments at our Perrysburg, Ohio facility. In addition, we
reserve a portion of the production capacity of our Base Plant
to conduct structured experiments related to our process
development. |
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System optimization. We also are working to
reduce the cost and optimize the effectiveness of the other
components in a photovoltaic system. We maintain a substantial
effort to collect and analyze actual field performance data from
photovoltaic systems that use our modules. We collect “real
time” data from internal test sites totaling approximately
10,000 modules installed in varying climates and applications.
We also monitor approximately 102,000 solar modules,
representing approximately 6MW of installed photovoltaic
systems, in use by the end-users that have purchased
photovoltaic systems using our modules. We use the data
collected from these sources to correlate field performance to
various manufacturing and laboratory level metrics, identify
opportunities for module and process improvement and improve the
performance of systems that use our modules. In addition, we use
this data to enhance predictive models and simulations for the
end-users. |
As of July 1, 2006, we had a total of 41 full time
employees working on these and related process developmental
activities. We intend to qualify process and product
improvements for full production on our Ohio Expansion
production lines, and then integrate them into our other
production lines. Our scientists and engineers will collaborate
across all manufacturing plants to drive improvement. We intend
to implement, validate and qualify such improvements at the Ohio
Expansion before we deploy them to all of our production lines.
We believe that this systematic approach to research and
development will provide continuous improvements and ensure
uniform adoption across our production lines.
We maintain active collaborations with the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, a division of the U.S. Department of
Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory and several universities.
We have invested in excess of $10.0 million into our
research and development expenses over the past three years and
received $3.2 million of grant funding during that time
frame.
Intellectual Property
We rely primarily on a combination of patents, trademarks and
trade secrets, as well as employee and third party
confidentiality agreements to safeguard our intellectual
property. As of August 1, 2006, in the United States we
held 28 patents, which will expire at various times between 2007
and 2023, and had 23 patent applications pending. We also held
15 patents and had 48 patent applications pending in foreign
jurisdictions. Our patent applications, and any future patent
applications, might not result in a patent being issued with the
scope of the claims we seek, or at all, and any patents we may
receive may be challenged, invalidated or declared
unenforceable. We continually assess appropriate occasions for
seeking patent protection for those aspects of our technology,
designs and methodologies and processes that we believe provide
significant competitive advantages. A majority of our patents
relate to our vapor transport deposition process in which
semiconductor material is deposited on glass substrates and our
laser scribing process of transforming a large
semiconductor-coated plate into a series of interconnected cells.
65
As of May 1, 2006, we held 2 trademarks, “First
Solar” and “First Solar and Design”, in the
United States. We have also registered our “First Solar and
Design” mark in China, Japan and the European Union, and
are seeking registration in India.
With respect to, among other things, proprietary know-how that
is not patentable and processes for which patents are difficult
to enforce, we rely on trade secret protection and
confidentiality agreements to safeguard our interests. We
believe that many elements of our photovoltaic manufacturing
process involve proprietary know-how, technology or data that
are not covered by patents or patent applications, including
technical processes, equipment designs, algorithms and
procedures. We have taken security measures to protect these
elements. All of our research and development personnel have
entered into confidentiality and proprietary information
agreements with us. These agreements address intellectual
property protection issues and require our employees to assign
to us all of the inventions, designs and technologies they
develop during the course of employment with us. We also require
our customers and business partners to enter into
confidentiality agreements before we disclose any sensitive
aspects of our solar cells, technology or business plans.
We have not been subject to any material intellectual property
claims.
Competition
The solar energy and renewable energy industries are both highly
competitive and continually evolving as participants strive to
distinguish themselves within their markets and compete within
the larger electric power industry. We believe that our main
sources of competition are crystalline silicon solar module
manufacturers, other thin film solar module manufacturers and
companies developing solar thermal and concentrated photovoltaic
technologies. Among photovoltaic module and cell manufacturers,
the principal methods of competition are price per Watt,
production capacity, conversion efficiency and reliability. We
believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors.
At the end of 2005, the global photovoltaic industry consisted
of over 100 manufacturers of photovoltaic cells and solar
modules. Within the PV industry, we face competition from
crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell solar module
manufacturers, including BP Solar, Evergreen Solar, Kyocera,
Motech, Q-Cells,
Renewable Energy Corporation, Sanyo, Schott Solar, Sharp,
SolarWorld, Sunpower and Suntech. We also face competition from
thin film solar module manufacturers, including Antec, Kaneka,
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Shell Solar and United Solar. With
the completion of our Ohio Expansion, we have an annual
manufacturing capacity of 75MW and are the largest thin film
manufacturer in the world. According to Photon International,
United Solar and Kaneka are the second and third largest thin
film manufacturers, with estimated 2006 manufacturing capacities
of 30MW and 29MW, respectively. Our current conversion
efficiency of approximately 9% also compares favorably to other
thin film manufacturers, according to estimates by
Sun & Wind Energy: Antec (6.9%); Kaneka (6.3%);
Mitshubishi Heavy Industries (6.3%); Shell Solar (9.3%); and
United Solar (6.3%). Finally, our solar module comes in one size
measuring 2ft x 4ft (60cm x 120cm). In
contrast, some of our thin film competitors, such as United
Solar, have developed solar products that are flexible and can
be tailored to a customer’s specifications.
In addition, we expect to compete with future entrants to the
photovoltaic industry that offer new technological solutions. We
may also face competition from semiconductor manufacturers and
semiconductor equipment manufacturers, or their customers,
several of which have already announced their intention to start
production of photovoltaic cells, solar modules or turnkey
production lines. Some of our competitors are larger, have
greater financial resources, larger production capacities and
greater brand name recognition than we do, and may, as a result,
be better positioned to adapt to changes in the industry or the
economy as a whole.
In addition to manufacturers of PV cells and solar modules, we
face competition from companies developing solar thermal and
concentrated PV technologies.
Environmental
Our operations include the use, handling, storage,
transportation, generation and disposal of hazardous materials.
We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws
and regulations relating to the protection of the environment,
including those governing the discharge of pollutants into the
air and water, the use, management and disposal of hazardous
materials and wastes, occupational health and safety and the
cleanup of contaminated sites. Thus, we could incur substantial
costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal
sanctions and costs arising from third party property damage or
personal injury claims, as a result of violations of or
liabilities under environmental laws or non-compliance with
environmental permits required at our facilities. We believe we
are currently in substantial compliance with applicable
environmental requirements and do not expect to incur material
66
capital expenditures for environmental controls in this or the
succeeding fiscal year. However, future developments such as
more aggressive enforcement policies, the implementation of new,
more stringent laws and regulations or the discovery of unknown
environmental conditions may require expenditures that could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations or financial condition. See “Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Environmental
obligations and liabilities could have a substantial negative
impact on our financial condition, cash flows and
profitability”.
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary conduct of our business, we are subject to
periodic lawsuits, investigations and claims, including, but not
limited to, routine employment matters. Although we cannot
predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits,
investigations and claims asserted against us, we do not believe
that any currently pending legal proceeding to which we are a
party will have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located in Phoenix, Arizona,
where we occupy approximately 6,651 square feet under a
lease expiring on March 31, 2007. We also own an
approximately 431,700 square foot manufacturing facility in
Perrysburg, Ohio, which constitutes our Base Plant and Ohio
Expansion. In February 2006, we purchased approximately
89,000 square meters of land in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany,
which will be the site of our future German manufacturing plant.
We also maintain small satellite offices in Mainz, Germany,
Berlin, Germany, Brussels, Belgium and Denver, Colorado.
Employees
On July 1, 2006, we had 548 full-time employees,
including 436 in manufacturing, 26 in research and development,
7 in sales and marketing and 79 in general and administrative.
Of these full-time employees, 15 are located in Phoenix,
Arizona, 514 are located in Perrysburg, Ohio, 12 are located in
Mainz, Germany, 2 are located in Berlin, Germany, 2 are located
in Brussels, Belgium, 2 are located in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
and 1 is located in Denver, Colorado. None of our employees are
represented by labor unions or covered by a collective
bargaining agreement. As we expand domestically and
internationally, however, we may encounter employees who desire
union representation. We believe that relations with our
employees are good.
67
MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
Our executive officers and directors, and their ages and
positions upon the expected completion of this offering, are as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Age |
|
Position |
|
|
|
|
|
Michael J. Ahearn
|
|
49 |
|
President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman |
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro
|
|
43 |
|
Chief Operating Officer |
Jens Meyerhoff
|
|
42 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
Kenneth M. Schultz
|
|
43 |
|
Vice President, Sales & Marketing |
James F. Nolan
|
|
74 |
|
Director |
J. Thomas Presby
|
|
66 |
|
Director |
Bruce Sohn
|
|
45 |
|
Director |
Michael Sweeney
|
|
48 |
|
Director |
Michael J. Ahearn has served as the President, CEO and Chairman
of First Solar since August 2000. Since 1996, he has been
Partner and President of the equity investment firm, JWMA
(formerly True North Partners, L.L.C.), the majority stockholder
of First Solar. Prior to joining JWMA, Mr. Ahearn practiced
law as a partner in the firm of Gallagher & Kennedy. He
received both a B.A. in Finance and a J.D. from Arizona State
University.
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro joined First Solar in June
2001 as Vice President of Engineering, was named Vice President
and General Manager in February 2003 and assumed the role of
Chief Operating Officer in February 2005. Prior to joining First
Solar, he held the positions of Vice President of
Engineering & Business Development for Goodrich
Aerospace from May 1999 to June 2001 and Vice President of
Operations for ITT Industries from February 1997 to May 1999.
Mr. Hambro graduated from the University of California at
Berkeley with a B.A. in Physical Science (Applied Physics).
Jens Meyerhoff joined First Solar in May 2006 as Chief Financial
Officer. Prior to joining First Solar, Mr. Meyerhoff was
the Chief Financial Officer of Virage Logic Corporation, a
leader in embedded infrastructure intellectual property, from
January 2006 to May 2006. Mr. Meyerhoff was employed by
FormFactor, Inc., a manufacturer of advanced wafer probe cards,
as Chief Operating Officer from April 2004 to July 2005, Senior
Vice President of Operations from January 2003 to April 2004 and
Chief Financial Officer from August 2000 to March 2005. Prior to
joining FormFactor, Inc., Mr. Meyerhoff was the Chief
Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Materials at
Siliconix Incorporated, a manufacturer of power and analog
semiconductor devices, from March 1998 to August 2000.
Mr. Meyerhoff holds a German Wirtschaftsinformatiker
degree, which is the equivalent of a Finance and Information
Technology degree, from Daimler Benz’ Executive Training
Program.
Kenneth M. Schultz joined First Solar in November 2002 as Vice
President of Sales & Marketing. Prior to joining First
Solar, he was a Vice President at Intersil Corporation, a high
performance analog semiconductor company, where he was
responsible for commercializing various communications
technologies, from October 2000 to June 2002. Mr. Schultz
was Vice President and General Manager at SiCOM, Inc. prior to
the acquisition of SiCOM by Intersil Corporation in 2000. He
holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of
Pittsburgh and received his M.B.A. degree from Robert Morris
University.
James F. Nolan was elected a director of First Solar in February
2003. Mr. Nolan served as the Vice President of Operations
with Solar Cells, Inc., the predecessor to First Solar, and was
responsible for research, development and manufacturing
operations. He designed and built early prototype equipment for
First Solar’s pilot manufacturing line and led the team
that developed the process for producing large area thin film
cadmium telluride solar modules. Mr. Nolan has worked as a
part-time consultant for First Solar since November 2000.
Mr. Nolan has over 35 years of experience in physics,
engineering, research and development, manufacturing and process
design with companies such as Westinghouse, Owens Illinois,
Glasstech and Photonics Systems. Mr. Nolan holds more than
10 patents in areas of flat panel electronic displays and
photovoltaic devices and processes. Mr. Nolan earned his
B.S. in Physics from the University of Scranton (Pennsylvania)
and a doctorate in Physics from the University of Pittsburgh.
J. Thomas Presby was elected a director of First Solar in August
2006. Mr. Presby retired in 2002 from a
30-year career with
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. At Deloitte, Mr. Presby held
numerous positions in the United States and abroad, including
the posts of Deputy Chairman and Chief Operating Officer.
Mr. Presby serves as a director, the audit committee chair
and a member of the compensation committee of American Eagle
Outfitters, Inc. and as a
68
director, the audit committee chair and a member of the
governance committee of World Fuel Services, Inc.
Mr. Presby also serves as a director and the auditor
committee chair of AMVESCAP Plc, Tiffany & Co. and TurboChef
Technologies, Inc. Mr. Presby is a Certified Public
Accountant. Mr. Presby is a graduate of Rutgers University
and holds a masters degree in Industrial Administration from
Carnegie Mellon University.
Bruce Sohn was elected a director of First Solar in July 2003.
Mr. Sohn held the position Program Manager for Intel
Corporation from June 1999 to October 2001 and has held the
position of Fab 11 Plant Manager for Intel Corporation since
October 2001. Mr. Sohn serves on the board of the
International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing, the
University of Texas Pan Am Engineering School, the Texas
Christian University MJ Neeley Business School and the New
Mexico Museum of Natural History and is a member of the
IEEE-Electron Devices Society Manufacturing Technology
Committee. He is a guest lecturer at several universities
including Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford
University. Mr. Sohn holds a degree in Materials
Science & Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.
Michael Sweeney was elected a director of First Solar in July
2003. Mr. Sweeney joined Goldner Hawn Johnson &
Morrison (GHJM) as a Managing Director in 2000 and was
elected Managing Partner in November 2001. He had previously
served as President of Starbucks Coffee Company (UK) Ltd.
in London and held various operating management and corporate
finance roles. After starting his career with Merrill Lynch in
New York and Phoenix, he built and sold an investment banking
boutique. Subsequently, Mr. Sweeney developed and sold
franchise companies in the Blockbuster and Papa John’s
systems. Mr. Sweeney serves on the boards of GHJM portfolio
companies Transport Corporation of America, Inc. and Vitality
Foodservice, Inc. Mr. Sweeney graduated from Swarthmore
College.
Board Committees
Our board of directors is currently comprised
of directors.
We plan to add independent members to our board of
directors prior to the consummation of this offering
and independent
members within one year of the offering. After giving effect to
these additions, we expect our board of directors to consist
of members.
Our board of directors is not currently classified, nor will it
be immediately after the consummation of the offering.
Upon the consummation of this offering, the standing committees
of our board of directors will consist of an audit committee, a
compensation committee and a nominating and governance committee.
Audit Committee
The audit committee will oversee our financial reporting process
on behalf of the board of directors and report to the board of
directors the results of these activities, including the systems
of internal controls established by management and the board of
directors, our audit and compliance process and financial
reporting. The audit committee, among other duties, will engage
the independent registered public accounting firm, pre-approve
all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent
registered public accounting firm, review with the independent
registered public accounting firm the plans and results of the
audit engagement, consider the compatibility of any non-audit
services provided by the independent registered public
accounting firm with the independence of such independent
registered public accounting firm and review the independence of
the independent registered public accounting
firm. (Chairman), and will
serve on our audit committee. The board of directors has
determined that audit committee members must meet the
independence standards for audit committees of companies listed
on The Nasdaq Global Market.
Each member of the audit committee meets the standards for
financial knowledge for companies listed on The Nasdaq Global
Market. In addition, the board of directors has determined
that is
qualified as an audit committee financial expert within the
meaning of SEC regulations.
Nominating and Governance Committee
The nominating and governance committee will be responsible for
identifying and recommending director nominees, recommending
directors to serve on our various committees, implementing our
corporate governance guidelines and developing self-evaluation
methodology to be used by our board of directors and its
committees to assess board
effectiveness. (Chairman), and will
serve on our nominating and governance committee.
69
Compensation Committee
The compensation committee will review and recommend
compensation and benefit plans for our officers and directors,
including non-employee directors, review base salary and
incentive compensation for each executive officer, review and
approve corporate goals and objectives relevant to our
CEO’s compensation, administer our incentive compensation
program for key executive and management employees and review
and approve employee benefit
plans. and will
serve on our compensation committee.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
None of the members that will constitute our compensation
committee will have been an executive officer or employee of our
company during our last completed fiscal year. During our last
completed fiscal year, none of our executive officers served as
a member of the compensation committee of any entity that has
one or more executive officers serving on our compensation
committee.
Code of Ethics
Prior to the consummation of this offering, we will adopt a Code
of Business Ethics that will apply to all employees, including
our Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers. These
standards will be designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote
the honest and ethical conduct of all employees. Excerpts from
the Code of Business Ethics, which address the subject areas
covered by the SEC’s rules, will be posted on our website:
www.firstsolar.com under
“ ”.
Any substantive amendment to, or waiver from, any provision of
the Code of Business Ethics with respect to any senior executive
or financial officer shall be posted on this website. The
information contained on our website is not part of this
prospectus.
Director Compensation
Directors receive annual compensation of a $50,000 cash retainer
(payable quarterly) and $50,000 stock grant (payable quarterly).
The Chairman of the Audit Committee also receives an annual
$25,000 stock grant (payable quarterly). We also reimburse all
directors for reasonable and necessary expenses they incur in
performing their duties as directors of our company. Directors
who are officers or employees of our company do not receive any
additional compensation for serving as directors, except for
reimbursement of their expenses in fulfilling their duties.
Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information with respect to
compensation earned by our Chief Executive Officer and our other
executive officers for the period indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-Term | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Awards | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Annual Compensation | |
|
Other | |
|
Securities | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Annual | |
|
Underlying | |
|
All Other | |
Name and Principal Position |
|
Year | |
|
Salary ($) | |
|
Bonus ($) | |
|
Compensation ($) | |
|
Options (#) | |
|
Compensation ($) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Michael J. Ahearn
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer, Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
275,367 |
|
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Chief Operating Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Robert H. Williams(1)
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
201,058 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kenneth M. Schultz
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
195,266 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Vice President, Sales & Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Robert H. Williams served as our Chief Financial Officer
from January 2005 through December 2005. |
70
Option/ SAR Grants in the Last Completed Fiscal Year
The following table sets forth information regarding grants of
options to purchase shares of our common stock to our named
executive officers during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual Grants | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Number of | |
|
Percent of Total | |
|
|
|
|
Securities | |
|
Options | |
|
|
|
Grant Date | |
|
|
Underlying | |
|
Granted to | |
|
Exercise | |
|
|
|
Present | |
|
|
Options | |
|
Employees in | |
|
Price | |
|
Expiration | |
|
Value(1) | |
Name |
|
Granted | |
|
Fiscal Year | |
|
($/Share) | |
|
Date | |
|
($/Share) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Michael J. Ahearn
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
% |
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
|
12/15/2015 |
|
|
|
$72.86-$74.91 |
|
Robert H. Williams(2)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Kenneth M. Schultz
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Values per option, calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton
closed-form option valuation model, using an expected volatility
of 80%, risk free interest rates ranging from 4.36% to 4.38%,
times to exercise ranging from 5.5 to 7.0 years and a 0.00%
dividend yield. |
|
|
(2) |
Robert H. Williams served as our Chief Financial Officer from
January 2005 through December 2005. |
Fiscal Year-End Option Values
The following table provides information concerning exercisable
and unexercisable options held by our named executive officers
for the year ended December 31, 2005. There were no option
exercises by the named executive officers during the year ended
December 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Securities | |
|
Value of Unexercised | |
|
|
Underlying Unexercised | |
|
In-the-Money Options | |
|
|
Options at Fiscal Year-End | |
|
at Fiscal Year-End | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Name |
|
Exercisable | |
|
Unexercisable | |
|
Exercisable(1) | |
|
Unexercisable(1) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Michael J. Ahearn
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro
|
|
|
150,400 |
|
|
|
47,600 |
|
|
$ |
11,129,600 |
|
|
$ |
3,402,400 |
|
Robert H. Williams(2)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Kenneth M. Schultz
|
|
|
112,800 |
|
|
|
75,200 |
|
|
$ |
8,347,200 |
|
|
$ |
5,564,800 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Aggregate difference at December 31, 2005 between the fair
market value of our common stock underlying the options and the
exercise price of the options. We determined the fair market
value of our common stock by considering both discounted cash
flow calculations based on our long-term financial projections
and valuations implicit in third-party financing transactions. |
|
|
(2) |
Robert H. Williams served as our Chief Financial Officer from
January 2005 through December 2005. |
2003 Unit Option Plan
First Solar adopted the 2003 Unit Option Plan (which we refer to
as the “2003 Unit Option Plan” or, in this section,
the “Plan”) as an additional means to attract,
motivate, retain and reward directors, officers, employees and
other eligible persons through the grant of options for high
levels of individual performance and the improved financial
performance of First Solar. In connection with our conversion
from a limited liability company to a corporation on
February 22, 2006, we converted each outstanding option to
purchase one limited liability membership unit into an option to
purchase one share of our common stock, in each case, at the
same exercise price and subject to the other terms and
conditions of such outstanding option. These equity-based awards
are also intended to further align the interests of award
recipients and First Solar’s stockholders.
A total of 1,411,765 shares of First Solar’s common
stock is available for awards granted under the Plan. There are
currently options to purchase approximately
1,069,251 shares of our common stock outstanding under the
Plan at a weighted average exercise price of $15.14 per
share, including options held by Messrs. Hambro and Schultz.
71
The Plan is administered by a committee of our Board (the
“Committee”), which is authorized to, among other
things, select the officers and other employees who will receive
grants and determine the exercise price and vesting schedule of
the options.
Upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the
Plan) or dissolution or liquidation of First Solar, the
Committee may, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan,
(i) substitute options awarded under the Plan for options
to purchase the appropriate common stock of the entity surviving
such merger or consolidation; (ii) exchange options for
shares for stock of the surviving entity with a fair market
value equal to the excess of the merger consideration
attributable to such options over the exercise price; or
(iii) declare and provide written notice to each optionee
15 days in advance of such event that each outstanding option
previously granted will be cancelled at the time of the event.
In the event of cancellation, the Committee may, but will not be
obligated to, cause cash payment to be made to such optionees
within fifteen days after the event giving rise to such
cancellation.
In the event of any reorganization merger, consolidation,
recapitalization, liquidation, reclassification, stock dividend,
stock split, combination or exchange of shares, rights offering,
extraordinary dividend or divestiture (including a spin-off) or
any other change in the corporate structure or capitalization of
First Solar, the Committee (or if the Company does not survive
such transaction, a comparable committee of the board of
managers or directors of the surviving company) may, but will
not be obligated to, without the consent of any holder of an
option, make such adjustment as it determines in its discretion
to appropriate as to (i) the number and kind of securities
subject to the Plan and (ii) the number and kind of
securities issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and the
exercise price of such options.
Upon the termination of an option holder’s employment, all
unvested options will immediately terminate and vested options
will generally remain exercisable for a period of 180 days
after the date of termination.
The Board may at any time and for any reason amend, suspend or
terminate the Plan; provided, however, that no amendment to the
Plan may, without the consent of the holder of the option,
adversely alter or impair any option previously granted under
the Plan. However, the grant of any option under the Plan does
not affect in any way the right or power of First Solar to make
adjustments, reclassifications, reorganizations, or changes to
its capital structure.
The Plan will remain in effect until the latest of: (i) the
time that such shares subject to it are distributed;
(ii) the Plan is terminated by our Board; and
(iii) December 1, 2013.
Options granted under the Plan may not be transferred, except in
certain limited circumstances.
Employment/Severance Agreements
Michael J. Ahearn. We have not entered into an employment
agreement or any other severance, change in control or
termination agreement with Mr. Michael J. Ahearn. His
employment with us is at-will and he receives customary benefits.
George A. (“Chip”) Hambro. On May 30,
2001, we entered into an employment agreement with
Mr. George A. (“Chip”) Hambro. Under the terms of
his employment agreement, Mr. Hambro is entitled to an
annual base salary of $175,000 (subject to annual review),
health and vacation benefits. In addition, Mr. Hambro holds
198,000 options to purchase First Solar common shares pursuant
to separate award agreements. The shares issuable pursuant to
188,000 of these options are subject to a put option held by
Mr. Hambro, which would allow him to require the Company to
repurchase such shares at the imputed transaction value per unit
upon the occurrence of a change in control and related
termination of employment. Effective January 2, 2006,
Mr. Hambro’s annual salary was increased to $300,000.
Mr. Hambro is also eligible to receive an annual
performance-based bonus equal to an amount between 20% and 40%
of his annual base salary. On February 5, 2003, we amended
our employment agreement with Mr. Hambro to provide for a
severance payment in the event of termination without cause.
Subject to certain conditions, Mr. Hambro is entitled to
severance pay in the amount of his highest base salary for a
period of 24 months following the termination of his
employment (less any amounts earned by Mr. Hambro through
self-employment or subsequent employment) plus a lump sum
payment of $300,000.
Under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Hambro has
agreed not to disclose any confidential information concerning
our business, including without limitation our confidential
designs and processes. In addition, Mr. Hambro has agreed
not compete with us or solicit or hire any of our employees
during the three year period following the termination of his
employment.
72
Separately, we entered into a
change-of-control
agreement with Mr. Hambro on December 8, 2003. Under
the terms of the
change-of-control
agreement, Mr. Hambro has the option to receive a cash
payment in the amount of 1.25% of the imputed transaction value
if a change of control occurs and his employment is terminated.
This payment would be in lieu of any payment or value
Mr. Hambro would otherwise be entitled to receive as holder
of the 188,000 options and stock received upon exercise of such
options subject to the put option described above. Subject to
certain conditions, the
change-of-control
agreement expires on December 31, 2008.
Robert H. Williams. On November 30, 2005, the
Company entered into a termination letter agreement with
Mr. Robert H. Williams, whereby Mr. Williams’
employment with First Solar terminated on December 31,
2005. Under the terms of the termination letter agreement,
Mr. Williams provided transition services as an independent
contractor from January 1, 2006 to February 28, 2006
for which the Company compensated him based on his base salary
prior to termination. In addition, the Company agreed to pay
Mr. Williams a lump sum payment of $205,000 by
February 28, 2006 and to continue to pay
Mr. Williams’ medical insurance through
August 31, 2006, provided he is not insured through another
program.
Kenneth M. Schultz. On November 1, 2002, we
entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Kenneth M.
Schultz. Under the terms of his employment contract,
Mr. Schultz is entitled to receive an annual base salary of
$175,000 (subject to annual review), health and vacation
benefits. If Mr. Schultz elects to forego medical benefits,
his base salary will be increased an additional $7,500. In
addition, Mr. Schultz holds 188,000 options to purchase
First Solar common shares pursuant to a separate award
agreement, which provides that upon certain specified events,
including a change of control (as defined in the award
agreement) and related termination of employment, the shares
issuable pursuant to such options will be subject to a put
option held by Mr. Schultz, which would allow him to
require the Company to repurchase such shares at the imputed
transaction value per unit. Effective January 2, 2006,
Mr. Schultz’s annual salary was increased to $240,000.
Mr. Schultz is also eligible for an annual
performance-based bonus. The employment agreement provides for a
severance payment in an amount equal to one year of his annual
base salary in the event Mr. Schultz is terminated for any
reason other than cause or if Mr. Schultz terminates his
employment for good reason.
Under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Schultz
has agreed not to disclose any confidential information
concerning our business, including without limitation our
confidential designs and processes. In addition,
Mr. Schultz has agreed not compete with us or solicit or
hire any of our employees during the period of one year
following the termination of his employment. If we default on
any severance payments owed to Mr. Schultz under the terms
of the agreement and fail to cure such default upon five days
written notice specifying such default, the obligation of
Mr. Schultz not to compete with us expires.
Separately, we entered into a
change-of-control
agreement with Mr. Schultz on December 8, 2003. Under
the terms of the
change-of-control
agreement, Mr. Schultz has the option to receive a cash
payment in the amount of 1.25% of the imputed transaction value
if a change of control occurs and his employment is terminated.
This payment would be in lieu of any payment or value
Mr. Schultz would otherwise be entitled to receive as
holder of the options, and stock received upon exercise of such
options, described above. Subject to certain conditions, the
change-of-control
agreement expires on December 31, 2008.
73
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table shows information regarding the beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of May 31, 2006, as
adjusted to give effect to this offering by:
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each person or group who is known by us to own beneficially more
than 5% of our common stock; |
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• |
each member of our board of directors and each of our named
executive officers; and |
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• |
all members of our board of directors and our executive officers
as a group. |
Currently, JWMA Partners, LLC, or JWMA, is the beneficial owner
of 10,686,045 shares of our common stock, representing
92.32% of our shares of common stock prior to this offering. The
Estate of John T. Walton, JCL Holdings, LLC and Michael J.
Ahearn are the significant members of JWMA. Information with
respect to JWMA and its members and their material relationships
with us is provided under “Certain Relationships and
Related Party Transactions”. Immediately prior to the
consummation of this offering, the members of JWMA will dissolve
JMWA and become direct stockholders of First Solar, Inc. JWMA
will dissolve pursuant to a formula, which includes the
valuation of First Solar, Inc. stock based on the public
offering price per share, on the dissolution date. The following
table assumes that the shares are sold at an initial public
offering price of
$ per
share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the
cover of this prospectus, and that the members of JWMA dissolve
JWMA
on ,
2006. Assuming the date of dissolution remains the same, a $1.00
increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of
$ per
share of common stock, the mid-point of the range set forth on
the cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the
percentage ownership as follows: Estate of John T.
Walton %; JCL Holdings,
LLC %; and Michael J.
Ahearn %. Any increase (decrease)
in the assumed public offering price per share will only change
the allocation of shares among JWMA’s members, not the
total number of shares collectively held by JWMA’s members.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules
of the SEC and generally includes any shares over which a person
exercises sole or shared voting or investment power. Shares of
common stock subject to options or warrants that are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of
this prospectus are considered outstanding and beneficially
owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of
computing the percentage ownership of that person but are not
treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the
percentage ownership of any other person.
Unless otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders listed
below has sole voting and investment power with respect to the
shares beneficially owned. Except as indicated below, the
address for each stockholder, director or named executive
officer is First Solar, Inc., 4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard,
Building 6, Suite 68, Phoenix, Arizona 85040.
74
This table assumes 11,574,696 shares of common stock
outstanding as of July 31, 2006, assuming no exercise of
outstanding options.
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Shares Beneficially | |
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Shares Beneficially | |
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Shares | |
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Owned After this | |
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Owned After this | |
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to be | |
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Offering, Assuming | |
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Offering, Assuming | |
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Shares Beneficially | |
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Sold in | |
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No Exercise of the | |
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Full Exercise of the | |
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Owned Prior to this | |
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this | |
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Over-Allotment | |
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Over-Allotment | |
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Offering | |
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Offering | |
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Option | |
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Option | |
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Number | |
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Percent | |
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Number | |
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Number | |
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Percent | |
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Number | |
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Percent | |
Name of Beneficial Owner |
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Beneficial Owners of 5% or More
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Estate of John T. Walton(1)
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% |
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JCL Holdings, LLC(2)
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% |
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— |
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Michael J. Ahearn
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% |
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Goldman, Sachs & Co.(3)
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878,651 |
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7.59 |
% |
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— |
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Directors and Named Executive Officers
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Michael J. Ahearn
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% |
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George A. (“Chip”) Hambro(4)
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198,000 |
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% |
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— |
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Jens Meyerhoff
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Kenneth M. Schultz(5)
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188,000 |
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% |
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— |
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James F. Nolan(6)
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15,000 |
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* |
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— |
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J. Thomas Presby
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Bruce Sohn(7)
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20,000 |
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* |
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— |
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Michael Sweeney(8)
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20,000 |
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* |
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— |
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All Directors and Executive Officers as a group (8 persons)(9)
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% |
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* |
Less than one percent |
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(1) |
The Estate of John T. Walton currently holds a total
of shares,
and S. Robson Walton, Jim C. Walton and Alice L.
Walton share voting and dispositive power with respect to all
shares held by the Estate. Following termination of the Estate,
the shares will be held by trusts for the benefit of
John T. Walton’s wife and his descendents, and Jim C.
Walton and Alice L. Walton will share voting and dispositive
power with respect to all shares held by these trusts. The
address of the Estate of John T. Walton is and the address of
these trusts will be P.O. Box 1860, Bentonville, Arkansas
72712. |
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(2) |
JCL Holdings, LLC holds a total
of shares
for the benefit of John T. Walton’s wife and his decedents.
S. Robson Walton, Jim C. Walton and Alice L. Walton share voting
and dispositive power with respect to all shares held by JCL
Holdings, LLC. The address of JCL Holdings, LLC is P.O.
Box 1860, Bentonville, Arkansas 72712. |
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(3) |
On May 10, 2006, Goldman, Sachs & Co. converted
all of our convertible senior subordinated notes into
878,651 shares of our common stock. The address of Goldman,
Sachs & Co. is 85 Broad Street, New York, New York
10004. |
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(4) |
Includes 198,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. |
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(5) |
Includes 188,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. |
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(6) |
Includes 15,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. |
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(7) |
Includes 15,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. |
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(8) |
Includes 15,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. |
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(9) |
Includes 431,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of stock options. Does not
include shares
of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options that
we plan to grant Directors and Executive Officers upon the
consummation of this offering. |
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75
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Related Party Debt
On July 26, 2005, we entered into a $5.0 million loan
agreement with Walton Enterprises II, L.P., an affiliate of
JWMA, with interest payable at a rate equal to the short term
Applicable Federal Rate (AFR) per annum from the date
thereof until paid. This loan agreement was cancelled in
connection with entering into a second loan agreement with
Walton Enterprises II, L.P. on September 30, 2005. This new
loan agreement was for $20.0 million, with interest payable
monthly at the rate equal to the lesser of (i) the AFR and
(ii) the highest lawful rate. The entire $20.0 million
under this loan agreement was outstanding at December 31,
2005. During January and February 2006, we borrowed an
additional $3.0 million and $7.0 million,
respectively, from the Estate of John T. Walton, taking the
place of Walton Enterprises II, L.P. These notes were unsecured,
the balance was payable on demand and interest was payable
monthly at a rate equal to the lesser of (i) the AFR and
(ii) the highest lawful rate. We repaid the entire
$30.0 million in February 2006.
On August 7, 2006, we entered into an amended and restated
loan agreement with the Estate of John T. Walton to provide for
advances up to $34.0 million. Interest is payable monthly
at the annual rate of the commercial prime lending rate and
principal payments are due at the earlier of January 18,
2008 or the completion of an initial public offering of our
stock. This loan does not have any collateral requirements. A
condition of obtaining this loan was to refinance our loan from
Kingston Properties, LLC, an affiliate of JWMA. During July
2006, we drew $26.0 million against this loan, of which
$8.7 million was used to repay the Kingston Properties, LLC
note.
On May 14, 2003, First Solar Property, LLC issued a
$8.7 million promissory note due June 1, 2010 to
Kingston Properties, LLC, an affiliate of JWMA, all of which was
outstanding at July 1, 2006. Interest was payable monthly
at an annual rate of 3.70%. We repaid the note in its entirety
in July 2006 with a portion of the proceeds from borrowings
under the revolving loan agreement with the Estate of John T.
Walton.
Related Party Equity Contributions
In 2003, a previous owner forfeited its entire interest in First
Solar US Manufacturing, LLC, in connection with a settlement of
claims, including matters subject to on-going arbitration and
pending litigation, in exchange for a cash payment of
$3.0 million from First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and
resulting in the retirement of 2,044,000 membership units. Also
during 2003, JWMA, the sole remaining owner of First Solar US
Manufacturing, LLC, formed First Solar, Inc. (formerly First
Solar Holdings, LLC), and contributed all of its equity interest
in First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and First Solar
Property, LLC into First Solar, Inc. We also converted the
outstanding principal of $71.9 million and accrued interest
of $10.6 million on our promissory note and loan agreement
with JWMA into an equity contribution. Also in 2003, JWMA made
an additional cash contribution of $8.5 million and
received 850,000 shares. In fiscal year 2004, fiscal year
2005 and the first quarter of 2006, we sold to JWMA
1,790,000 shares, 757,000 shares and
1,364,000 shares, respectively, for $17.9 million,
$16.7 million and $30.0 million, respectively.
Convertible Debt
On February 22, 2006, we issued $74.0 million in
convertible senior subordinated notes due in 2011 to Goldman,
Sachs & Co. On May 10, 2006, we extinguished these
notes by payment of 878,651 shares of our common stock.
This extinguishment took place under the terms of a negotiated
extinguishment agreement and not under the conversion terms of
the original note purchase agreement; however, the settlement
terms of the negotiated extinguishment agreement were, in
substance, similar to, but not identical to, the terms of the
original note purchase agreement.
Registration Rights
First Solar will enter into a registration rights agreement
concurrently with this offering with JWMA, our current majority
shareholder, and the members of JWMA. The registration rights
agreement provides that JWMA has, and, its members following the
dissolution of JWMA will have, piggyback registration rights if
we register equity securities under the Securities Act, subject
to certain lock-up provisions and exceptions. In addition, prior
to the dissolution of JWMA, the registration rights agreement
has unlimited demand rights for JWMA, subject to certain lock-up
provisions and exceptions, provided that JWMA may only exercise
one such demand right within any 365 day period. Following
the dissolution of JWMA, subject to certain lock-up provisions
and exceptions, Michael J. Ahearn will have three demand
rights, JCL Holdings, LLC will have five demand rights and the
Estate of John T.
76
Walton will have unlimited demand rights, provided that the
Estate of John T. Walton may only exercise one such demand
right within any 365 day period. Following the termination
of the Estate of John T. Walton, the registration rights
held by the Estate will be held collectively by trusts for the
benefit of John T. Walton’s wife and his descendants.
First Solar entered into a registration rights agreement with
Goldman, Sachs & Co., the purchaser of the convertible
senior subordinated notes. The registration rights agreement
provides that, upon the completion of this offering and subject
to certain lock-up provisions and exceptions, Goldman,
Sachs & Co. has two demand rights and piggyback
registration rights if we register equity securities under the
Securities Act. The registration rights and related provisions
are transferable with respect to the shares issued upon
conversion of the notes on May 10, 2006.
Other
In connection with entering into the IKB credit facility,
Michael J. Ahearn, our Chief Executive Officer, provided a
€500,000 personal
guarantee. We have indemnified Mr. Ahearn for the amount of
his guarantee.
In November 2000, we entered into a consulting agreement with
James Nolan, a director of the Company. Pursuant to the terms of
our agreement, Mr. Nolan provides part-time consulting
services for a consulting fee of $7,500 per month plus
travel and other expenses.
77
DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS
The following is a summary of the material provisions of the
instruments evidencing our material indebtedness. It does not
include all of the provisions of the documents evidencing our
material indebtedness, copies of which have been filed as
exhibits to our registration statement in connection with this
offering.
IKB Credit Facility
On July 27, 2006, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH, a wholly
owned indirect subsidiary of First Solar, Inc., entered into a
credit facility agreement with a consortium of banks led by IKB
Deutsche Industriebank AG under which we can draw up to
€102.0 million
($122.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) to
fund costs of constructing our German plant. This credit
facility consists of a term loan of up to
€53.0 million
($63.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) and
a revolving credit facility of
€27.0 million
($32.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). The
facility also provides for a bridge loan, which we can draw
against to fund construction costs that we later expect to be
reimbursed through funding from the Federal Republic of Germany
under the Investment Grant Act of 2005
(“Investitionszulagen”), of up to
€22.0 million
($26.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). We
can make drawdowns against the term loan and the bridge loan
until December 30, 2007, and we can make drawdowns against
the revolving credit facility until September 30, 2012. We
have incurred costs related to the credit facility totaling
$1.9 million as of September 15, 2006, which we will
recognize as interest expense over the time that borrowings are
outstanding under the credit facility. We also pay an annual
commitment fee of 0.6% of any amounts not drawn down on the
credit facility. At September 15, 2006, we had
€12.9 million
($15.5 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.
We must repay the term loan in twenty quarterly payments
beginning on March 31, 2008 and ending on December 30,
2012. We must repay the bridge loan with any funding we receive
from the Federal Republic of Germany under the Investment Grant
Act of 2005, but in any event, the bridge loan must be paid in
full by December 30, 2008. Once repaid, we may not draw
again against term loan or bridge loan facilities. The revolving
credit facility expires on and must be completely repaid by
December 30, 2012. In certain circumstances, we must also
use proceeds from fixed asset sales or insurance claims to make
additional principal payments, and during 2009 we will also be
required to make a one-time principal repayment equal to 20% of
any “surplus cash flow” of First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH during 2008. Surplus cash flow is a term defined in the
credit facility agreement that is approximately equal to cash
flow from operating activities, less required payments on
indebtedness.
We must pay interest at the annual rate of the Euro interbank
offered rate (Euribor) plus 1.6% on the term loan, Euribor plus
2.0% on the bridge loan, and Euribor plus 1.8% on the revolving
credit facility. Each time we make a draw against the term loan
or the bridge loan, we may choose to pay interest on that
drawdown every three or six months; each time we make a draw
against the revolving credit facility, we may choose to pay
interest on that drawdown every one, three, or six months. The
credit facility requires us to mitigate our interest rate risk
on the term loan by entering into pay-fixed, receive-floating
interest rate swaps covering at least 75% of the balance
outstanding under the loan.
The Federal Republic of Germany is guaranteeing 48% of our
combined borrowings on the term loan and revolving credit
facility and the State of Brandenburg is guaranteeing another
32%. We pay an annual fee, not to exceed
€0.5 million
($0.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) for
these guarantees. In addition, we must maintain a debt service
reserve of
€3.0 million
($3.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in a
restricted bank account, which the lenders may access if we are
unable to make required payments on the credit facility.
Substantially all of our assets in Germany, including the German
plant, have been pledged as collateral for the credit facility
and the government guarantees.
The credit facility contains various financial covenants with
which we must comply. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH’s cash
flow available for debt service must be at least 1.1 times its
required principal and interest payments for all its
liabilities, and the ratio of its total noncurrent liabilities
to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization may not exceed 3.0:1 from January 1, 2008
through December 31, 2008, 2.5:1 from January 1, 2009
through December 31, 2009, and 1.5:1 from January 1,
2010 through the remaining term of the credit facility.
The credit facility also contains various non-financial
covenants with which we must comply. We must submit various
financial reports, financial calculations and statistics,
operating statistics, and financial and business forecasts to
the lender. We must adequately insure our German operation, and
we may not change the type or scope of its business operations.
First Solar Manufacturing GmbH must maintain adequate accounting
and information
78
technology systems. Also, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH cannot
open any bank accounts (other than those required by the credit
facility), enter into any financial liabilities (other than
intercompany obligations or those liabilities required by the
credit facility), sell any assets to third parties outside the
normal course of business, make any loans or guarantees to third
parties, or allow any of its assets to be encumbered to the
benefit of third parties without the consent of the lenders and
government guarantors.
Our ability to withdraw cash from First Solar Manufacturing GmbH
for use in other parts of our business is restricted while we
have outstanding obligations under the credit facility and
associated government guarantees. First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH’s cash flows from operations must generally be used
for the payment of loan interest, fees, and principal before any
remainder can be used to pay intercompany charges, loans, or
dividends. Furthermore, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH generally
cannot make any payments to affiliates if doing so would cause
its cash flow available for debt service to fall below
1.3 times its required principal and interest payments for
all its liabilities for any one year period or cause the amount
of its equity to fall below 30% of the amount of its total
assets. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH also cannot pay
commissions or distributor margins of greater than 2% to First
Solar affiliates that sell or distribute its products. Also, we
may be required under certain circumstances to contribute more
funds to First Solar Manufacturing GmbH, such as if
project-related costs exceed our plan, we do not recover the
expected amounts from governmental investment subsidies, or all
or part of the government guarantees are withdrawn. If there is
a decline in the value of the assets pledged as collateral for
the credit facility, we may also be required to pledge
additional assets as collateral.
Revolving Loan Agreement
On July 26, 2006, we entered into a loan agreement, which
we amended and restated on August 7, 2006, with the Estate
of John T. Walton, an affiliate of JWMA, under which we can draw
up to $34.0 million. Interest is payable monthly at the
annual rate of the commercial prime lending rate and principal
payments are due at the earlier of January 18, 2008 or the
completion of an initial public offering of our stock. This loan
does not have any collateral requirements. A condition of
obtaining this loan was to refinance our loan from Kingston
Properties, LLC, an affiliate of JWMA. During July 2006, we drew
$26.0 million against this loan, of which $8.7 million
was used to repay the Kingston Properties, LLC note.
$15,000,000 Loan from the State of Ohio
On July 1, 2005, First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and
First Solar Property, LLC entered into a loan agreement with the
Director of Development of the State of Ohio for
$15.0 million, all of which was outstanding at July 1,
2006. The interest rate on the note is 2% per annum, plus a
monthly service fee equal to 0.021%, payable monthly in arrears
on the first day of each month. Principal payments commence on
December 1, 2006 and end on July 1, 2015, and we may
pre-pay the loan in whole or in part at any time. The note is
secured by a first-priority lien on our land and building in
Perrysburg, Ohio and guaranteed by First Solar, Inc.
$5,000,000 Loan from the State of Ohio
On December 1, 2003, First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and
First Solar Property, LLC entered into a loan agreement with the
Director of Development of the State of Ohio for
$5.0 million, all of which was outstanding at July 1,
2006. The interest rate on the note was 0.00% per annum for the
first year the loan is outstanding, 1.00% during the second and
third years, 2.00% during the fourth and fifth years and 3.00%
for the remaining term of the note. In addition, we pay a
monthly service fee equal to 0.021%. Interest is payable
monthly, on the first day of each month. Principal payments
commence on January 1, 2007 and end on December 1,
2009, and we may pre-pay the note in whole or in part at any
time after January 1, 2007. The note is secured by a
first-priority lien on the machinery and equipment in our
Perrysburg, Ohio manufacturing plant and guaranteed by First
Solar, Inc.
79
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following is a description of the material provisions of our
capital stock, as well as other material terms of our amended
certificate of incorporation and bylaws as they will be in
effect as of the consummation of the offering. This description
is only a summary. You should read it together with our amended
certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which are included as
exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus
is part.
General
Upon completion of the offering, our authorized capital stock
will consist
of shares
of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of
which shares
will be issued and outstanding. Currently, we have four
stockholders.
Common Stock
The holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends as our
board of directors may declare from time to time at its absolute
discretion from funds legally available therefor. See
“Dividend Policy”.
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for
each share held of record on any matter to be voted upon by
stockholders. Our amended certificate of incorporation does not
provide for cumulative voting in connection with the election of
directors. Accordingly, upon the dissolution of JWMA Partners,
LLC, the Estate of John T. Walton and JCL Holdings, LLC
(together, the “Estate”) as a holder of more than 50%
of the shares voting, will be able to elect all the directors.
There are no preemptive, conversion, redemption or sinking fund
provisions applicable to our common stock.
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our affairs, the holders of our common stock are
entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment
to creditors and subject to prior distribution rights of any
outstanding shares of preferred stock. All the outstanding
shares of common stock are, and the shares offered by us will
be, fully paid and non-assessable.
Registration Rights
First Solar will enter into a registration rights agreement
concurrently with this offering with JWMA, our current majority
shareholder, and the members of JWMA. The registration rights
agreement provides that JWMA has, and its members following the
dissolution of JWMA will have, piggyback registration rights if
we register equity securities under the Securities Act, subject
to certain lock-up
provisions and exceptions. In addition, prior to the dissolution
of JWMA, the registration rights agreement has unlimited demand
rights for JWMA, subject to certain
lock-up provisions and
exceptions, provided that JWMA may only exercise one such demand
right within any 365 day period. Following the dissolution
of JWMA, subject to certain lock-up provisions and exceptions,
Michael J. Ahearn will have three demand rights, JCL Holdings,
LLC will have five demand rights and the Estate of John T.
Walton will have unlimited demand rights, provided that the
Estate of John T. Walton may only exercise one such demand right
within any 365 day period. Following the termination of the
Estate of John T. Walton, the registration rights held by
the Estate will be held collectively by trusts for the benefit
of John T. Walton’s wife and his descendants.
First Solar entered into a registration rights agreement with
Goldman, Sachs & Co., the purchaser of the convertible
senior subordinated notes. The registration rights agreement
provides that, upon the completion of this offering and subject
to certain lock-up
provisions and exceptions, Goldman, Sachs & Co. has two
demand rights and piggyback registration rights if we register
equity securities under the Securities Act. The registration
rights and related provisions are transferable with respect to
the shares issued upon conversion of the notes on May 10,
2006.
Special Meetings of Stockholders
Our amended certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that
special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time
by either the board of directors or stockholders representing
40% or more of our voting shares for any purpose or purposes.
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of Delaware Law
and Our Amended Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL
could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a tender
offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove incumbent
officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are
expected to discourage types of coercive takeover practices and
inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to
acquire control of us to first negotiate with us. We believe
that the benefits of increased protection of our potential
ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or
unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the
disadvantages of discouraging takeover or acquisition proposals
because, among other things, negotiation of these proposals
could result in an improvement of their terms.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute. We will be subject to
Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover statute. In
general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware
corporation from engaging in a “business combination”
with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three
years following the time the person became an interested
stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business
combination or the transaction in which the person became an
interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner.
Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger,
asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a
financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Generally, an
“interested stockholder” is a person who, together
with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years
prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did
own) 15 percent or more of a corporation’s voting
stock. The existence of this provision would be expected to have
an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not
approved in advance by the board of directors, including
discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the
market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.
No Cumulative Voting. The DGCL provides that stockholders
are denied the right to cumulate votes in the election of
directors unless our amended certificate of incorporation
provides otherwise. Our amended certificate of incorporation
does not provide for cumulative voting.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and
Directors. The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or
eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations
and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of
directors’ fiduciary duties as directors. Our
organizational documents include provisions that indemnify, to
the fullest extent allowable under the DGCL, the personal
liability of directors or officers for monetary damages for
actions taken as a director or officer of our company, or for
serving at our request as a director or officer or another
position at another corporation or enterprise, as the case may
be. Our organizational documents also provide that we must
indemnify and advance reasonable expenses to our directors and
officers, subject to our receipt of an undertaking from the
indemnitee as may be required under the DGCL. We are also
expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’
insurance to protect our company, our directors, officers and
certain employees for some liabilities.
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in
our amended certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may
discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against
directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions
may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of
derivative litigation against directors and officers, even
though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us
and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may be
adversely affected to the extent that, in a class action or
direct suit, we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards
against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification
provisions. There is currently no pending material litigation or
proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees
for which indemnification is sought.
Authorized but Unissued Shares. Our authorized but
unissued shares of common stock will be available for future
issuance without your approval. We may use additional shares for
a variety of corporate purposes, including future public
offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions
and employee benefit plans and as consideration for future
acquisitions, investments or other purposes. The existence of
authorized but unissued shares of common stock could render more
difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by
means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Amendments to Organizational Documents. The DGCL provides
generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares
entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a
corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws.
Because the Estate owns more than 50% of our shares, the Estate
may amend our organizational documents without your approval and
may refuse to amend our organizational documents despite your
wishes to the contrary.
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Options With Repurchase Rights
During 2003 and 2005, we issued a total of 386,000 stock options
to certain employees that had a provision allowing such employee
or his estate or successor, as the case may be, to sell any
equity securities obtained as a result of exercising the options
back to us upon such employee’s death, disability or
termination other than for cause or good reason or upon change
of control with an employment termination. The price to be paid
for the shares is equal to the fair value of the shares on the
date we receive a put notice, which shall be within
180 days of such event. These repurchase rights do not
expire upon the consummation of an initial public offering.
Listing
We have applied to list our common stock on The Nasdaq Global
Market under the trading symbol “FSLR”.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock
is .
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has not been any public market for
our common stock, and we cannot predict what effect, if any,
market sales of shares or the availability of shares for sale
will have on the market price of our common stock. Nevertheless,
sales of substantial amounts of common stock in the public
market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could
materially and adversely affect the market price of our common
stock and could impair our future ability to raise capital
through the sale of our equity-related securities at a time and
price that we deem appropriate.
Upon completion of this
offering, shares
of our common stock will be outstanding. Of these shares,
the shares
of common stock expected to be sold in this offering will be
freely tradable without restriction or further registration
under the Securities Act, unless held by our
“affiliates”, as that term is defined in Rule 144
under the Securities Act. The remaining outstanding shares of
common stock will be deemed “restricted securities” as
that term is defined under Rule 144. Restricted securities
may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they
qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144
or 144(k) under the Securities Act, which are summarized below.
We may issue shares of common stock from time to time for a
variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings
to raise additional capital, employee benefit plans and as
consideration for future acquisitions, investments or other
purposes. In the event any such offering, employee benefit plan,
acquisition, investment or other transaction is significant, the
number of shares of common stock that we may issue may in turn
be significant. In addition, we may also grant registration
rights covering those shares of common stock issued in
connection with any such offering, employee benefit plan,
acquisition, investment or other transaction.
Lock-Up Agreements
We have agreed that we will not offer, sell, contract to sell,
pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration
statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of
our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exchangeable or exercisable for any such shares, or publicly
disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge,
disposition or filing, without the prior written consent of
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated for a period of
180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to
specified exceptions.
Our officers, directors, existing stockholders and existing
optionholders have agreed that they will not offer, sell,
contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or
indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities
convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares
of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have
the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other
arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the
economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether
any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our
common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or
publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge
or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or
other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written
consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated for a period of
180 days after the date of this prospectus. The lock-up
restriction does not, however, restrict transfers of common
stock (or any securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for common stock) to any of the following
transferees who agree to be bound in writing by the terms of the
“lock-up” and who receive such securities in a
transfer not involving a disposition for value: (i) any
donee(s) of one or more bona fide gifts of common stock;
(ii) any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the
locked-up party or of any familial relation thereof not more
remote than first cousin, whether by blood, marriage or
adoption; (iii) any beneficiary of the locked-up party
pursuant to a will or other testamentary document or applicable
laws of descent; (iv) if the locked-up party is an
investment fund entity that is a limited partnership, limited
liability company or equivalent foreign entity (an
“Investment Fund Entity”), to any other
Investment Fund Entity under the control of the locked-up
party or under the control of the general partner or managing
member of the locked-up party; or (v) as a distribution to
partners, members or stockholders of the locked-up party.
The 180-day restricted
period described in the two preceding paragraphs will be
automatically extended if: (1) during the last 17 days
of the 180-day
restricted period we issue an earnings release or announce
material news or a material event; or (2) prior to the
expiration of the
180-day restricted
period, we announce that we will release earnings results during
the 16-day period
beginning on the last day of the
180-day period, in
which case the restrictions described in the preceding paragraph
will continue to apply until the expiration of the
18-day period beginning
on the issuance of the earnings release of the announcement of
the material news or material event.
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Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated have advised us that they
have no present intent or arrangement to release any shares
subject to a lock-up, and will consider the release of any
lock-up on a
case-by-case basis. Upon a request to release any shares subject
to a lock-up, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated would consider the
particular circumstances surrounding the request, including, but
not limited to, the length of time before the
lock-up expires, the
number of shares requested to be released, reasons for the
request, the possible impact on the market or our common stock
and whether the holder of our shares requesting the release is
an officer, director or other affiliate of ours.
Registration Rights
First Solar will enter into a registration rights agreement
concurrently with this offering with JWMA, our current majority
shareholder, and the members of JWMA. The registration rights
agreement provides that JWMA has, and its members following the
dissolution of JWMA will have, piggyback registration rights if
we register equity securities under the Securities Act, subject
to certain lock-up provisions and exceptions. In addition, prior
to the dissolution of JWMA, the registration rights agreement
has unlimited demand rights for JWMA, subject to certain lock-up
provisions and exceptions, provided that JWMA may only exercise
one such demand right within any 365 day period. Following
the dissolution of JWMA, subject to certain lock-up provisions
and restrictions, Michael J. Ahearn will have three demand
rights, JCL Holdings, LLC will have five demand rights and the
Estate of John T. Walton will have unlimited demand
rights, provided that the Estate of John T. Walton may
only exercise one such demand right within any 365 day
period. Following the termination of the Estate of John T.
Walton, the registration rights held by the Estate will be held
collectively by trusts for the benefit of John T.
Walton’s wife and his descendants.
First Solar entered into a registration rights agreement with
Goldman, Sachs & Co., the purchaser of the convertible
senior subordinated notes. The registration rights agreement
provides that, upon the completion of this offering and subject
to certain lock-up provisions and exceptions, Goldman,
Sachs & Co. has two demand rights and piggyback
registration rights if we register equity securities under the
Securities Act. The registration rights and related provisions
are transferable with respect to the shares issued upon
conversion of the notes on May 10, 2006.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect,
beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, any
person, including an affiliate, who has beneficially owned
shares of our common stock for a period of at least one year is
entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of
shares that does not exceed the greater of:
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one percent of the then-outstanding shares of common stock or
approximately shares
immediately after this offering; and |
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the average weekly trading volume in the common stock on The
Nasdaq Global Market during the four calendar weeks preceding
the date on which the notice of the sale is filed with the SEC. |
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to provisions
relating to notice, manner of sale, volume limitations and the
availability of current public information about us.
Following the lock-up
period, and assuming the exercise of the underwriters’
option to
purchase shares
is exercised in full, we estimate that
approximately shares
of our common stock that are restricted securities or are held
by our affiliates as of the date of this prospectus will be
eligible for sale in the public market in compliance with
Rule 144 under the Securities Act (other
than unvested
restricted shares held by certain selling stockholders).
Rule 144(k)
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been
one of our affiliates at any time during the 90 days
preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares for
at least two years, including the holding period of any prior
owner other than an “affiliate,” is entitled to sell
the shares without complying with the manner of sale, public
information, volume limitation or notice provisions of
Rule 144.
84
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR
NON-U.S. HOLDERS
The following discussion is a general summary of the material
U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and
disposition of our common stock applicable to
“Non-U.S. Holders”.
As used herein, a
Non-U.S. Holder
means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a
U.S. person nor a partnership for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, and that will hold shares of our common stock as
capital assets. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a
U.S. person includes:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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a corporation (or other business entity treated as a corporation
for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized
in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any
state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
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an estate the income of which is includible in gross income
regardless of source; or |
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a trust that (A) is subject to the primary supervision of a
court within the United States and the control of one or more
U.S. persons, or (B) otherwise has validly elected to
be treated as a U.S. domestic trust. |
If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership
for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds shares of our
common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the
partnership and each partner generally will depend on the status
of the partner and the activities of the partnership and the
partner. Partnerships acquiring our common stock, and partners
in such partnerships, should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the
ownership and disposition of our common stock.
This summary does not consider specific facts and circumstances
that may be relevant to a particular
Non-U.S. Holder’s
tax position and does not consider U.S. state and local or
non-U.S. tax
consequences. It also does not consider
Non-U.S. Holders
subject to special tax treatment under the U.S. federal
income tax laws (including partnerships or other pass-through
entities, banks and insurance companies, dealers in securities,
holders of our common stock held as part of a
“straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion
transaction” or other risk-reduction transaction,
controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment
companies, companies that accumulate earnings to avoid
U.S. federal income tax, foreign tax-exempt organizations,
former U.S. citizens or residents, persons who hold or
receive common stock as compensation and persons subject to the
alternative minimum tax). This summary is based on provisions of
the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”), applicable Treasury regulations,
administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue
Service (“IRS”) and judicial decisions, all as in
effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to
change, possibly on a retroactive basis, and different
interpretations.
This summary is included herein as general information only.
Accordingly, each prospective
Non-U.S. Holder is
urged to consult its own tax advisor with respect to the
U.S. federal, state, local and
non-U.S. income,
estate and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of our
common stock.
U.S. Trade or Business Income
For purposes of this discussion, dividend income and gain on the
sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock will be
considered to be “U.S. trade or business income”
if such income or gain is (i) effectively connected with
the conduct by a
Non-U.S. Holder of
a trade or business within the United States and (ii) in
the case of a
Non-U.S. Holder
that is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with
the United States, attributable to a permanent establishment
(or, for an individual, a fixed base) maintained by the
Non-U.S. Holder in
the United States. Generally, U.S. trade or business income
is not subject to U.S. federal withholding tax (provided
the
Non-U.S. Holder
complies with applicable certification and disclosure
requirements); instead, U.S. trade or business income is
subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at
regular U.S. federal income tax rates in the same manner as
a U.S. person. Any U.S. trade of business income
received by a corporate
Non-U.S. holder
may be subject to an additional “branch profits tax”
at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an
applicable income tax treaty.
Dividends
Distributions of cash or property that we pay will constitute
dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the
extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits
(as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). A
Non-U.S. Holder
generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax
at a 30% rate, or, if the
85
Non-U.S. Holder is
eligible, at a reduced rate prescribed by an applicable income
tax treaty, on any dividends received in respect of our common
stock. If the amount of a distribution exceeds our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, such excess first will be
treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the
Non-U.S. Holder’s
tax basis in our common stock (with a corresponding reduction in
such
Non-U.S. Holder’s
tax basis in our common stock), and thereafter will be treated
as capital gain. In order to obtain a reduced rate of
U.S. federal withholding tax under an applicable income tax
treaty, a
Non-U.S. Holder
will be required to provide a properly executed IRS
Form W-8BEN certifying under penalties of perjury its
entitlement to benefits under the treaty. Special certification
requirements and other requirements apply to certain
Non-U.S. Holders
that are entities rather than individuals. A
Non-U.S. Holder of
our common stock that is eligible for a reduced rate of
U.S. federal withholding tax under an income tax treaty may
obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by
filing an appropriate claim for a refund with the IRS on a
timely basis. A
Non-U.S. Holder
should consult its own tax advisor regarding its possible
entitlement to benefits under an income tax treaty and the
filing of a U.S. tax return for claiming a refund of
U.S. federal withholding tax.
The U.S. federal withholding tax does not apply to
dividends that are U.S. trade or business income, as
defined above, of a
Non-U.S. Holder
who provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI,
certifying under penalties of perjury that the dividends are
effectively connected with the
Non-U.S. Holder’s
conduct of a trade or business within the United Sates.
Dispositions of our Common Stock
A Non-U.S. Holder
generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or
withholding tax in respect of any gain on a sale or other
disposition of our common stock unless:
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the gain is U.S. trade or business income, as defined above; |
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the
Non-U.S. Holder is
an individual who is present in the United States for 183 or
more days in the taxable year of the disposition and meets other
conditions; or |
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we are or have been a “U.S. real property holding
corporation” (a “USRPHC”) under section 897
of the Code at any time during the shorter of the five-year
period ending on the date of disposition and the
Non-U.S. Holder’s
holding period for our common stock. |
In general, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value
of its “U.S. real property interests” (as defined
in the Code and applicable Treasury regulations) equals or
exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide
real property interests and its other assets used or held for
use in a trade or business. If we are determined to be a USRPHC,
the U.S. federal income and withholding taxes relating to
interests in USRPHCs nevertheless will not apply to gains
derived from the sale or other disposition of our common stock
by a
Non-U.S. Holder
whose shareholdings, actual and constructive, at all times
during the applicable period, amount to 5% or less of our common
stock, provided that our common stock is regularly traded on an
established securities market. We are not currently a USRPHC,
and we do not anticipate becoming a USRPHC in the future.
However, no assurance can be given that we will not be a USRPHC,
or that our common stock will be considered regularly traded,
when a
Non-U.S. Holder
sells its shares of our common stock.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Requirements
We must annually report to the IRS and to each
Non-U.S. Holder
any dividend income that is subject to U.S. federal
withholding tax, or that is exempt from such withholding tax
pursuant to an income tax treaty. Copies of these information
returns also may be made available under the provisions of a
specific treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the
country in which the
Non-U.S. Holder
resides. Under certain circumstances, the Code imposes a backup
withholding obligation (currently at a rate of 28%) on certain
reportable payments. Dividends paid to a
Non-U.S. Holder of
our common stock generally will be exempt from backup
withholding if the
Non-U.S. Holder
provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or otherwise
establishes an exemption.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common
stock to or through the U.S. office of any broker,
U.S. or foreign, will be subject to information reporting
and possible backup withholding unless the holder certifies as
to its
non-U.S. status
under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an
exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual
knowledge or reason to know that the holder is a
U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption
are not, in fact, satisfied. The payment of the proceeds from
the disposition of our common stock to or through a
non-U.S. office of
a non-U.S. broker
will not be subject to information reporting or backup
withholding unless the
non-U.S. broker
has certain types of relationships with the United States (a
“U.S. related
86
person”). In the case of the payment of the proceeds from
the disposition of our common stock to or through a non-U.S
office of a broker that is either a U.S. person or a
U.S. related person, the Treasury regulations require
information reporting (but not the backup withholding) on the
payment unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files
that the holder is a
Non-U.S. Holder
and the broker has no knowledge to the contrary.
Non-U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors on the application of
information reporting and backup withholding to them in their
particular circumstances (including upon their disposition of
our common stock).
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a
Non-U.S. Holder
will be refunded or credited against the
Non-U.S. Holder’s
U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, if the
Non-U.S. Holder
provides the required information to the IRS on a timely basis.
Non-U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors regarding the filing of a
U.S. tax return for claiming a refunded of such backup
withholding.
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UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an
underwriting agreement
dated ,
2006, we and the selling stockholders have agreed to sell to the
underwriters named below, for whom Credit Suisse Securities
(USA) LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated are
acting as representatives, the following respective numbers of
shares of common stock:
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Underwriter |
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Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
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Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
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Piper Jaffray & Co.
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Cowen and Company, LLC
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First Albany Capital Inc.
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ThinkEquity Partners LLC
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Total
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The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are
obligated to purchase all the shares of common stock in the
offering if any are purchased, other than those shares covered
by the over-allotment option described below. The underwriting
agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults the
purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be
increased or the offering may be terminated.
We have granted to the underwriters a
30-day option to
purchase on a pro rata basis up
to additional
shares from us at the initial public offering price less the
underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be
exercised only to cover any over-allotments of common stock.
The underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock
initially at the public offering price on the cover page of this
prospectus and to selling group members at that price less a
selling concession of
$ per
share. The underwriters and selling group members may allow a
discount of
$ per
share on sales to other broker/ dealers. After the initial
public offering the representatives may change the public
offering price and concession and discount to broker/ dealers.
The following table summarizes the compensation we and the
selling stockholders will pay:
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Per Share | |
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Total | |
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Without | |
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With | |
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Without | |
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With | |
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Over-allotment | |
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Over-allotment | |
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Over-allotment | |
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Over-allotment | |
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Underwriting Discounts and Commissions paid by us |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Underwriting Discounts and Commissions paid by the selling
stockholders |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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The representatives have informed us that they do not expect
sales to accounts over which the underwriters have discretionary
authority to exceed 5% of the shares of common stock being
offered.
We have agreed that we will not offer, sell, contract to sell,
pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file
with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities
Act”) relating to, any shares of our common stock or
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for
any shares of our common stock, or publicly disclose the
intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or
filing, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse
Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated for a period of 180 days after the date of
this prospectus except that we may (i) issue shares of our
common stock in the offering; (ii) issue shares of our
common stock pursuant to the exercise of options or other equity
awards existing on the date of this prospectus; or
(iii) file with the SEC one or more registration statements
on Form S-8
registering the shares of our common stock issuable under our
equity compensation plans in effect on the date of this
prospectus, in each case subject to no further transfer during
the “lock-up” period. However, in the event that
either (1) during the last 17 days of the
“lock-up” period, we release earnings results or
material news or a material event relating to us occurs or
(2) prior to the expiration of the “lock-up”
period, we announce that we will release earnings results during
the 16-day period
beginning on the last day of the “lock-up” period,
then in either case the expiration of the “lock-up”
will be extended until the expiration of the
18-day period beginning
on the date of the release of the earnings results or the
occurrence of the material news or
88
event, as applicable, unless Credit Suisse Securities
(USA) LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
waive, in writing, such an extension.
Our officers, directors, existing stockholders and existing
optionholders have agreed that they will not offer, sell,
contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or
indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities
convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares
of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have
the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other
arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the
economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether
any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our
common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or
publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge
or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or
other arrangement, without, in each case, the prior written
consent of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated for a period of
180 days after the date of this prospectus. However, in the
event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the
“lock-up” period, we release earnings results or
material news or a material event relating to us occurs or
(2) prior to the expiration of the “lock-up”
period, we announce that we will release earnings results during
the 16-day period
beginning on the last day of the “lock-up” period,
then in either case the expiration of the “lock-up”
will be extended until the expiration of the
18-day period beginning
on the date of the release of the earnings results or the
occurrence of the material news or event, as applicable, unless
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated waive, in writing, such an
extension. The lock-up restriction does not, however, restrict
transfers of common stock (or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for common stock) to any of the
following transferees who agree to be bound in writing by the
terms of the “lock-up” and who receive such securities
in a transfer not involving a disposition for value:
(i) any donee(s) of one or more bona fide gifts of common
stock; (ii) any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of
the locked-up party or of any familial relation thereof not more
remote than first cousin, whether by blood, marriage or
adoption; (iii) any beneficiary of the locked-up party
pursuant to a will or other testamentary document or applicable
laws of descent; (iv) if the locked-up party is an
investment fund entity that is a limited partnership, limited
liability company or equivalent foreign entity (an
“Investment Fund Entity”), to any other
Investment Fund Entity under the control of the locked-up
party or under the control of the general partner or managing
member of the locked-up party; or (v) as a distribution to
partners, members or stockholders of the locked-up party.
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated have advised us that they
have no present intent or arrangement to release any shares
subject to a lock-up, and will consider the release of any
lock-up on a
case-by-case basis. Upon a request to release any shares subject
to a lock-up, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated would consider the
particular circumstances surrounding the request, including, but
not limited to, the length of time before the
lock-up expires, the
number of shares requested to be released, reasons for the
request, the possible impact on the market or our common stock
and whether the holder of our shares requesting the release is
an officer, director or other affiliate of ours.
The underwriters have reserved for sale at the initial public
offering price up
to shares
of the common stock for employees, directors and other persons
associated with us who have expressed an interest in purchasing
common stock in the offering. The number of shares available for
sale to the general public in the offering will be reduced to
the extent these persons purchase the reserved shares. Any
reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the
underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the
other shares.
We and the selling stockholders have agreed to indemnify the
underwriters against liabilities under the Securities Act, or
contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to
make in that respect.
We have applied to list the shares of common stock on The Nasdaq
Global Market under the symbol “FSLR”.
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area
which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a
“Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any
common stock which is the subject of the offering contemplated
by this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant Member State
once the prospectus has been approved by the competent authority
in such Member State and published and passported in accordance
with the Prospectus Directive as implemented in such Member
State except that an offer to the public in the Relevant Member
State of any Securities may be made at any time under the
following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they
have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:
(a) to legal entities which are authorised or regulated to
operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorised or
regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in
securities;
89
(b) to any legal entity which has two or more of
(1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last
financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than
EUR43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than
EUR50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated
accounts;
(c) by the Managers to fewer than 100 natural or legal
persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the
Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of
International Manager for any such offer; or
(d) in any other circumstances falling within
Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an
“offer to the public” in relation to any common stock
in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form
and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the
offer and any common stock to be offered so as to enable an
investor to decide to purchase the common stock, as the same may
be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the
Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression
“Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/ EC and
includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant
Member State.
The offering has not been notified to the Belgian Banking,
Finance and Insurance Commission (Commission bancaire,
financière et des assurances) pursuant to Article 18
of the Belgian law of 22 April 2003 on the public offering of
securities (the “Law on Public Offerings”) nor has
this prospectus been, or will it be, approved by the Belgian
Banking, Finance and Insurance Commission pursuant to
Article 14 of the Law on Public Offerings. Accordingly, the
offering may not be advertised, the common stock may not be
offered or sold, and this prospectus nor any other information
circular, brochure or similar document may not be distributed,
directly or indirectly, to any person in Belgium other than
(i) institutional investors referred to in Article 3,
2° of the Belgian Royal Decree of 7 July 1999 on the public
character of financial transactions (the “Royal
Decree”), acting for their own account or
(ii) investors wishing to acquire the common stock for an
amount of at least EUR 250,000 (or its equivalent in
foreign currencies) per transaction, as specified in
Article 3, 1° of the Royal Decree.
The common stock is offered in Finland solely to investors who
are qualified investors. This prospectus has neither been filed
with nor approved by the Finnish Financial Supervision Authority
and it does not constitute a prospectus under the Prospectus
Directive (2003/71/ EC), the Finnish Securities Market Act
(495/1989, as amended) or the Finnish Investment Funds Act
(48/1999, as amended).
The common stock which is the object of this prospectus is
neither registered for public distribution with the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für
Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht - ‘BaFin’)
according to the German Investment Act nor listed on a German
exchange. No sales prospectus pursuant to the German Securities
Prospectus Act or German Sales Prospectus Act or German
Investment Act has been filed with the BaFin. Consequently, the
common stock must not be distributed within the Federal Republic
of Germany by way of a public offer, public advertisement or in
any similar manner and this prospectus and any other document
relating to the common stock, as well as information or
statements contained therein, may not be supplied to the public
in the Federal Republic of Germany or used in connection with
any offer for subscription of the common stock to the public in
the Federal Republic of Germany or any other means of public
marketing.
No offer of shares to the public in Ireland shall be made at any
time except:
(a) to legal entities which are authorised or regulated to
operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorised or
regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in
securities;
(b) to any legal entity which has two or more of
(1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last
financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than
€43,000,000 and
(3) an annual turnover of more than
€50,000,000 as
shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; or
(c) in any other circumstances which do not require the
publication by the Company of a prospectus pursuant to the
Prospectus (Directive 2003/71/EC) Regulations 2005.
The offering of the common stock has not been registered with
the Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa
(“CONSOB”) (the Italian securities and exchange
commission) pursuant to the Italian securities legislation and,
accordingly, each Manager represents and agrees that it has not
offered, sold or delivered any common stock nor distributed any
copies of the prospectus or any other document relating to the
common stock, and will not offer, sell or deliver any shares nor
distribute any copies of the prospectus or any other document
relating to the common
90
stock in the Republic of Italy (“Italy”) in a
solicitation to the public at large (sollecitazione
all’investimento), and that the common stock in Italy shall
only be:
(i) offered or sold to professional investors (operatori
qualificati) as defined in Article 31, second paragraph of
CONSOB Regulation No 11522 of 1 July 1998 (the
“Regulation No 11522”), as amended; or
(ii) offered or sold in circumstances where an exemption
from the rules governing solicitations to the public at large
applies, pursuant to Article 100 of Legislative Decree No
58 of 24 February 1998 (the “Financial Services Act”)
and Article 33, first paragraph, of CONSOB
Regulation No 11971 of 14 May 1999 (the
“Regulation No 11971”), as amended,
and shall in any event be effected in accordance with all
relevant Italian securities, tax and exchange control and other
applicable laws and regulations.
Moreover and subject to the foregoing, each Manager represents
and agrees that the common stock may not be offered, sold or
delivered and neither the prospectus nor any other material
relating to the common stock may be distributed or made
available in Italy unless such offer, sale or delivery of shares
or distribution or availability of copies of the prospectus or
any other material relating to the common stock in Italy:
(i) is in compliance with Article 129 of Legislative
Decree No 385 of 1 September 1993 (the “Italian
Banking Act”) and the implementing guidelines of the Bank
of Italy, pursuant to which the issue or the offer of shares in
Italy may need to be followed by an appropriate notice to be
filed with the Bank of Italy depending, inter alia, on the
aggregate value of the securities issued or offered in Italy and
their characteristics; and
(ii) is made by investment firms, banks or financial
intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in
accordance with the Financial Services Act, the Italian Banking
Act, the Regulation No 11522, the Regulation No 11971
and other applicable laws and regulations.
Insofar as the requirements above are based on laws which are
superseded at any time pursuant to the implementation of the
Prospectus Directive, such requirements shall be replaced by the
applicable requirements under the Prospectus Directive.
The offer of common stock has not been registered with the
Portuguese Securities Market Commission (the “CMVM”).
Each Manager has represented, warranted and agreed, and each
further Manager appointed will be required to represent, warrant
and agree that it has not offered or sold, and it will not offer
or sell any common stock in Portugal or to residents of Portugal
otherwise than in accordance with applicable Portuguese Law.
No action has been or will be taken that would permit a public
offering of any of the common stock in Portugal. Accordingly, no
common stock may be offered, sold or delivered except in
circumstances that will result in compliance with any applicable
laws and regulations. In particular, each Manager has
represented, warranted and agreed that no offer has been
addressed to more than 200 non-institutional Portuguese
investors; no offer has been preceded or followed by promotion
or solicitation to unidentified investors, or followed by
publication of any promotional material. The offer of common
stock is intended for Institutional Investors. Institutional
Investors within the meaning of Article 30 of the
Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários)
includes credit institutions, investment firms, insurance
companies, collective investment institutions and their
respective managing companies, pension funds and their
respective pension fund-managing companies, other authorised or
regulated financial institutions, notably securitisation funds
and their respective management companies and all other
financial companies, securitisation companies, venture capital
companies, venture capital funds and their respective management
companies.
The prospectus in respect of the common stock has not been
registered with the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de
Valores (the “CNMV”). Accordingly, the common stock
may only be offered in Spain to qualified investors under
pursuant to and in compliance with Law 24/1988, as amended and
Royal Decree 1310/2005.
Each of the Managers severally represents, warrants and agrees
as follows: (1) it has only communicated or caused to be
communicated and will only communicate or cause to be
communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment
activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial
Services and Markets Act 2000 (the “FSMA”)) received
by it in connection with the issue or sale of the securities in
circumstances in which Section 21(1) of FSMA does not
apply; and (2) it has complied and will comply with all
applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done
by it in relation to the securities in, from or otherwise
involving the United Kingdom.
91
The underwriters and their respective affiliates may, from time
to time, provide various investment banking, financial advisory
and lending services for us and our affiliates, for which they
will receive customary compensation.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the
common stock. The initial public offering price was determined
by negotiations among us, the selling stockholders and the
underwriters. Among the factors considered in determining the
initial public offering price were the future prospects of our
company and our industry in general, sales, earnings and certain
other financial and operating information of our company in
recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, comparable sales,
market prices of our securities and certain financial and
operating information of companies engaged in activities similar
to those of our company.
In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in
stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate
covering transactions, and penalty bids in accordance with
Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”).
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Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying
security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a
specified maximum. |
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Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares in
excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to
purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short
position may be either a covered short position or a naked short
position. In a covered short position, the number of shares
over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number
of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option.
In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is
greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option.
The underwriters may close out any covered short position by
either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing
shares in the open market. |
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Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common
stock in the open market after the distribution has been
completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In
determining the source of shares to close out the short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things,
the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as
compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through
the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares
than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked
short position, the position can only be closed out by buying
shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely
to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could
be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open
market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who
purchase in the offering. |
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Penalty bids permit the representatives to reclaim a selling
concession from a syndicate member when the common stock
originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a
stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate
short positions. |
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In passive market making, market makers in the common stock who
are underwriters or prospective underwriters may, subject to
limitations, make bids for or purchases of our common stock
until the time, if any, at which a stabilizing bid is made. |
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions
and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining
the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding
a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result
the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that
might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may
be effected on The Nasdaq Global Market or otherwise and, if
commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
A prospectus in electronic format will be made available on the
web sites maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or
selling group members, if any, participating in this offering
and one or more of the underwriters participating in this
offering may distribute prospectuses electronically. The
representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to
underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online
brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be
allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that
will make Internet distributions on the same basis as other
allocations.
92
NOTICE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS
Resale Restrictions
The distribution of the common stock in Canada is being made
only on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement
that we and the selling stockholders prepare and file a
prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each
province where trades of common stock are made. Any resale of
the common stock in Canada must be made under applicable
securities laws which will vary depending on the relevant
jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under
available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary
exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities
regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal
advice prior to any resale of the common stock.
Representations of Purchasers
By purchasing common stock in Canada and accepting a purchase
confirmation a purchaser is representing to us, the selling
stockholders and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation
is received that:
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the purchaser is entitled under applicable provincial securities
laws to purchase the common stock without the benefit of a
prospectus qualified under those securities laws, |
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where required by law, that the purchaser is purchasing as
principal and not as agent, |
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the purchaser has reviewed the text above under Resale
Restrictions, and |
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the purchaser acknowledges and consents to the provision of
specified information concerning its purchase of the common
stock to the regulatory authority that by law is entitled to
collect the information. |
Further details concerning the legal authority for this
information is available on request.
Rights of Action—Ontario Purchasers Only
Under Ontario securities legislation, certain purchasers who
purchase a security offered by this prospectus during the period
of distribution will have a statutory right of action for
damages, or while still the owner of the common stock, for
rescission against us and the selling stockholders in the event
that this prospectus contains a misrepresentation without regard
to whether the purchaser relied on the misrepresentation. The
right of action for damages is exercisable not later than the
earlier of 180 days from the date the purchaser first had
knowledge of the facts giving rise to the cause of action and
three years from the date on which payment is made for the
common stock. The right of action for rescission is exercisable
not later than 180 days from the date on which payment is
made for the common stock. If a purchaser elects to exercise the
right of action for rescission, the purchaser will have no right
of action for damages against us or the selling stockholders. In
no case will the amount recoverable in any action exceed the
price at which the common stock were offered to the purchaser
and if the purchaser is shown to have purchased the securities
with knowledge of the misrepresentation, we and the selling
stockholders will have no liability. In the case of an action
for damages, we and the selling stockholders will not be liable
for all or any portion of the damages that are proven to not
represent the depreciation in value of the common stock as a
result of the misrepresentation relied upon. These rights are in
addition to, and without derogation from, any other rights or
remedies available at law to an Ontario purchaser. The foregoing
is a summary of the rights available to an Ontario purchaser.
Ontario purchasers should refer to the complete text of the
relevant statutory provisions.
Enforcement of Legal Rights
All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named
herein and the selling stockholders may be located outside of
Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian
purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or
those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and
the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada
and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment
against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment
obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside
of Canada.
Taxation and Eligibility for Investment
Canadian purchasers of common stock should consult their own
legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of
an investment in the common stock in their particular
circumstances and about the eligibility of the common stock for
investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.
93
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered in this prospectus and
certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Cravath,
Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal
matters will be passed upon on behalf of the underwriters by
Shearman & Sterling LLP, Menlo Park, California.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of First Solar, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and December 25,
2004 and for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2005 included in this prospectus have been so
included in reliance on the report (which contains an
explanatory paragraph relating to the restatement of the
consolidated financial statements of First Solar, Inc. as
described in note 16 to the consolidated financial
statements) of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on
Form S-1 with the
SEC with respect to this offering. This prospectus, which is
part of the registration statement, does not include all of the
information contained in the registration statement. You should
refer to the registration statement and its exhibits and
schedules for additional information. Whenever we make reference
in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other
documents, the references are not necessarily complete and you
should refer to the exhibits and schedules attached to the
registration statement for copies of the actual contract,
agreement or other document.
You may read and copy the registration statement, the related
exhibits and schedules without charge at the SEC’s Public
Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for
further information on the operation of the Public Reference
Room. You may obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates
by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at
100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580,
Washington, D.C. 20549. The SEC also maintains an Internet
site, http://www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and
information statements and other information regarding issuers
that file electronically with the SEC. The other
information we file with the SEC is not part of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Our reports and
other information that we have filed, or may in the future file,
with the SEC are not incorporated by reference into and do not
constitute part of this prospectus.
94
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Consolidated Financial Statements for First Solar, Inc.
and Subsidiaries:
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Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm |
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F-2 |
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Consolidated Balance Sheets as of
December 31, 2005, December 25, 2004 and July 1,
2006 (unaudited) |
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F-3 |
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Consolidated Statements of Operations for
the Years Ended December 31, 2005, December 25, 2004
and December 27, 2003 and for the Six Months Ended
July 1, 2006 (unaudited) and June 25, 2005
(unaudited) |
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F-4 |
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Consolidated Statements of
Members’/Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Loss
for the Years Ended December 31,
2005, December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003
and for the Six Months Ended July 1, 2006 (unaudited) |
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F-5 |
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for
the Years Ended December 31, 2005, December 25, 2004
and December 27, 2003 and for the Six Months Ended
July 1, 2006 (unaudited) and June 25, 2005
(unaudited) |
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F-6 |
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Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements |
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F-7 |
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F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of First Solar, Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
the related consolidated statements of operations, of cash flows
and of members’/shareholders’ equity and comprehensive
loss present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of First Solar, Inc. and its subsidiaries at
December 31, 2005 and December 25, 2004, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2005 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
statements in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
As discussed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial
statements, the Company restated its 2004 and 2003 financial
statements.
As discussed in Note 10 to the consolidated financial
statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for
stock-based compensation in 2005.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Phoenix, Arizona
June 30, 2006
F-2
FIRST SOLAR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2005, December 25, 2004, and
July 1, 2006
(in thousands, except share information)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
3,465 |
|
|
$ |
16,721 |
|
|
$ |
21,395 |
|
Marketable securities
|
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
314 |
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
|
|
1,098 |
|
|
|
12,808 |
|
Inventories
|
|
|
3,686 |
|
|
|
6,917 |
|
|
|
7,898 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
1,505 |
|
|
|
3,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
12,281 |
|
|
|
26,553 |
|
|
|
45,522 |
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment, net
|
|
|
29,277 |
|
|
|
73,778 |
|
|
|
141,910 |
|
Restricted investment
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,267 |
|
|
|
2,918 |
|
Other noncurrent assets
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
41,765 |
|
|
$ |
101,884 |
|
|
$ |
191,002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Members’/ Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
5,353 |
|
|
$ |
13,771 |
|
|
$ |
20,837 |
|
Note payable to a related party
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
1,793 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
5,353 |
|
|
|
33,913 |
|
|
|
22,630 |
|
Accrued recycling
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
1,973 |
|
Note payable to a related party
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
19,881 |
|
|
|
18,240 |
|
Other noncurrent liabilities
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
19,124 |
|
|
|
63,490 |
|
|
|
51,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee stock options on redeemable shares
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
25,265 |
|
|
|
26,041 |
|
Members’/stockholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Membership equity
|
|
|
165,742 |
|
|
|
162,307 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share;
50,000,000 shares authorized; 11,574,696 shares
issued and outstanding at July 1, 2006 (unaudited) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
12 |
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
270,985 |
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(142,915 |
) |
|
|
(149,377 |
) |
|
|
(157,733 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
(186 |
) |
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total members’/stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
22,641 |
|
|
|
13,129 |
|
|
|
113,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and members’/stockholders’ equity
|
|
$ |
41,765 |
|
|
$ |
101,884 |
|
|
$ |
191,002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
FIRST SOLAR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005, December 25,
2004, and December 27, 2003 and
the Six Months Ended July 1, 2006 and June 25,
2005
(in thousands, except per unit/share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Net sales
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
|
$ |
48,063 |
|
|
$ |
17,897 |
|
|
$ |
41,485 |
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
11,495 |
|
|
|
18,851 |
|
|
|
31,483 |
|
|
|
11,668 |
|
|
|
29,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(8,285 |
) |
|
|
(5,329 |
) |
|
|
16,580 |
|
|
|
6,229 |
|
|
|
12,372 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
1,240 |
|
|
|
2,372 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
3,055 |
|
Selling, general, and administrative
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
|
|
9,312 |
|
|
|
15,825 |
|
|
|
5,528 |
|
|
|
14,005 |
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
3,173 |
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
6,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,822 |
|
|
|
11,452 |
|
|
|
21,370 |
|
|
|
6,502 |
|
|
|
23,701 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(24,107 |
) |
|
|
(16,781 |
) |
|
|
(4,790 |
) |
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
(11,329 |
) |
Foreign currency gain (loss)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(1,715 |
) |
|
|
(769 |
) |
|
|
3,090 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(3,974 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(418 |
) |
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
(708 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
(28,043 |
) |
|
|
(16,771 |
) |
|
|
(6,551 |
) |
|
|
(1,065 |
) |
|
|
(8,356 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
(28,043 |
) |
|
|
(16,771 |
) |
|
|
(6,551 |
) |
|
|
(1,065 |
) |
|
|
(8,356 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for share-based
compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(976 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss per membership unit/share before cumulative effect of
change in accounting principle— basic and diluted
|
|
$ |
(3.78 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.88 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.65 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.11 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.77 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle—basic
and diluted
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per membership unit/share—basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(3.78 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.88 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.64 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.77 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average units/shares used to compute net loss per
unit/share—basic and diluted |
|
|
7,428 |
|
|
|
8,907 |
|
|
|
10,071 |
|
|
|
9,842 |
|
|
|
10,839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
FIRST SOLAR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Members’/ Stockholders’
Equity and Comprehensive Loss
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005, December 25,
2004, and December 27, 2003
and the Six Months Ended July 1, 2006
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Membership | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated | |
|
|
|
|
Equity | |
|
Common Stock | |
|
Additional | |
|
|
|
Other | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Paid-In | |
|
Accumulated | |
|
Comprehensive | |
|
Total | |
|
|
Units | |
|
Amount | |
|
Shares | |
|
Amount | |
|
Capital | |
|
Deficit | |
|
Loss | |
|
Equity | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance, December 28, 2002
|
|
|
11,748 |
|
|
$ |
35,098 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(79,227 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(44,129 |
) |
Cumulative effect of restatements
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
19,355 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(18,854 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 28, 2002, as restated
|
|
|
11,748 |
|
|
|
54,453 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(98,081 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(43,628 |
) |
Components of comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss, as restated
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(28,043 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(28,043 |
) |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, as restated
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(28,042 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeiture of membership units
|
|
|
(5,656 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Repurchase of membership units, as restated
|
|
|
(167 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
Transfer of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC equity to First
Solar Holdings, LLC, as restated
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
82,600 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
82,600 |
|
Cash contributions from owner, as restated
|
|
|
850 |
|
|
|
8,500 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
8,500 |
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 27, 2003, as restated
|
|
|
6,775 |
|
|
|
146,699 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(126,144 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
20,556 |
|
Components of comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss, as restated
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(16,771 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(16,771 |
) |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, as restated
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss, as restated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16,958 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash contributions from owner
|
|
|
1,790 |
|
|
|
17,900 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
17,900 |
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 25, 2004, as restated
|
|
|
8,565 |
|
|
|
165,742 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(142,915 |
) |
|
|
(186 |
) |
|
|
22,641 |
|
Components of comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6,462 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6,462 |
) |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,077 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity contributions
|
|
|
757 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,167 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,167 |
|
Reclassifications to employee stock options on redeemable shares
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(25,265 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(25,265 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2005
|
|
|
9,322 |
|
|
|
162,307 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(149,377 |
) |
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
13,129 |
|
Components of comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss (unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,356 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,356 |
) |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments (unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,455 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash contributions from owner (unaudited)
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
Stock issued upon conversion of convertible notes
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
73,999 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
74,000 |
|
Conversion of membership units into common shares (unaudited)
|
|
|
(10,686 |
) |
|
|
(192,307 |
) |
|
|
10,686 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
192,296 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Stock-based compensation (unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,366 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,366 |
|
Stock options exercised (unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
100 |
|
Reclassifications to employee stock options on redeemable shares
(unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(776 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(776 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, July 1, 2006 (unaudited)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
11,575 |
|
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
$ |
270,985 |
|
|
$ |
(157,733 |
) |
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
113,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
FIRST SOLAR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005, December 25,
2004, and December 27, 2003 and
the Six Months Ended July 1, 2006 and June 25,
2005
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash received from customers
|
|
$ |
1,504 |
|
|
$ |
11,152 |
|
|
$ |
49,643 |
|
|
$ |
17,028 |
|
|
$ |
31,444 |
|
|
Cash paid to suppliers and employees
|
|
|
(21,123 |
) |
|
|
(26,516 |
) |
|
|
(44,674 |
) |
|
|
(19,769 |
) |
|
|
(40,790 |
) |
|
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(322 |
) |
|
|
(58 |
) |
|
|
(425 |
) |
|
Cash paid for settlement
|
|
|
(3,000 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
|
(22,228 |
) |
|
|
(15,185 |
) |
|
|
5,040 |
|
|
|
(2,759 |
) |
|
|
(9,137 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment
|
|
|
(14,854 |
) |
|
|
(7,733 |
) |
|
|
(42,481 |
) |
|
|
(13,801 |
) |
|
|
(67,804 |
) |
|
Purchases of restricted investments
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,267 |
) |
|
|
(1,234 |
) |
|
|
(1,652 |
) |
|
Other investments in long-term assets
|
|
|
(370 |
) |
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(15,224 |
) |
|
|
(7,790 |
) |
|
|
(43,832 |
) |
|
|
(15,035 |
) |
|
|
(69,461 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from note payable to a related party
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
Repayment of note payable to a related party
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(30,000 |
) |
|
Equity contributions
|
|
|
8,500 |
|
|
|
17,900 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
Proceeds from stock options exercised
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Proceeds from debt
|
|
|
30,649 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
73,260 |
|
|
Repurchase of membership units
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Other financing activities
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
39,129 |
|
|
|
22,900 |
|
|
|
51,663 |
|
|
|
16,663 |
|
|
|
83,370 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
(262 |
) |
|
|
13,256 |
|
|
|
(824 |
) |
|
|
4,674 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
|
|
|
2,050 |
|
|
|
3,727 |
|
|
|
3,465 |
|
|
|
3,465 |
|
|
|
16,721 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
|
|
$ |
3,727 |
|
|
$ |
3,465 |
|
|
$ |
16,721 |
|
|
$ |
2,641 |
|
|
$ |
21,395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment acquisitions funded by liabilities
|
|
$ |
462 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
5,418 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
8,476 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash conversion of debt and accrued interest to equity
|
|
$ |
82,600 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
74,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
FIRST SOLAR, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Note 1. |
First Solar and Its Business |
We design, manufacture, and sell solar electric power modules,
which we produce at our plant in Perrysburg, Ohio. First Solar
Holdings, LLC was formed as a Delaware limited liability company
in May 2003 to act as the holding company for First Solar, LLC,
which was formed in 1999 and renamed First Solar
US Manufacturing, LLC in the second quarter of 2006, and
other subsidiaries formed in 2003 and later. Prior to 2003, our
business activities were transacted in the First Solar
US Manufacturing, LLC subsidiary. Therefore, the
consolidated financial statements prior to May 2003 reflect the
accounts of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC, while the
consolidated financial statements for the year ended
December 27, 2003 and subsequent years reflect the
consolidated accounts of First Solar Holdings, LLC. We believe
that the financial statements prior to and after May 2003 are
comparable because the holding company was created to facilitate
the evolution and expansion of the business being developed by
First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC. On February 22,
2006, First Solar Holdings, LLC was incorporated in Delaware as
First Solar Holdings, Inc. and, during the first quarter of
2006, was renamed First Solar, Inc. Upon our change in corporate
organization on February 22, 2006, our membership units
became common stock shares and our unit options became share
options on a one-for-one basis. For clarity of presentation, we
refer to our ownership interests as “shares” or
“stock” in the remainder of these notes to our
consolidated financial statements, although prior to
February 22, 2006 they were membership units. First Solar,
Inc. has wholly owned subsidiaries in Ohio, Arizona, and Germany.
As described in note 16, we have restated our consolidated
financial statements as of December 25, 2004 and for the
years ended December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004.
|
|
Note 2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of consolidation. These consolidated financial
statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America and include
the accounts of First Solar, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries.
We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances
during consolidation.
Basis of presentation. As shown in the consolidated
financial statements, at December 31, 2005, we had a net
accumulated deficit of $149.4 million, working capital
deficit of $7.4 million, and a history of operating losses.
On July 1, 2006, we had a net accumulated deficit of
$157.7 million and working capital of $22.9 million.
Fiscal periods. We report the results of our operations
using a 52 or 53 week fiscal year, which ends on the
Saturday closest to December 31. Fiscal 2005 ended on
December 31, 2005 and included 53 weeks; fiscal 2004
ended on December 25, 2004 and included 52 weeks; and
fiscal 2003 ended on December 27, 2003 and included
52 weeks. Our fiscal quarters end on the Saturday closest
to the end of the applicable calendar quarter. Our second
quarter of fiscal 2006 ended on July 1, 2006 and the
corresponding quarter in fiscal 2005 ended on June 25, 2005.
Interim financial information. The consolidated interim
financial statements included herein as of July 1, 2006,
and for the six-month periods ended June 25, 2005 and
July 1, 2006 are unaudited and have been prepared by the
Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission. These statements reflect all normal
recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are
necessary for fair statement of the information contained herein.
Use of estimates. The preparation of consolidated
financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States requires us to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying
notes. Significant estimates in these consolidated financial
statements include allowances for doubtful accounts receivable,
inventory write-downs, estimates of future cash flows and
economic useful lives of long-lived assets, asset impairments,
certain accrued liabilities, income taxes and tax valuation
allowances, accrued warranty expenses, accrued environmental
remediation expenses, accrued reclamation and recycling expense,
stock-based compensation costs, and fair value estimates. Actual
results could differ materially from these estimates under
different assumptions and conditions.
Fair value estimates. The fair value of an asset or
liability is the amount at which the instrument could be
exchanged or settled in a current transaction between willing
parties. The carrying values for cash and cash equivalents,
accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities
and other current assets and liabilities approximate their fair
values due to their short maturities. The carrying value of the
portion of our long term debt
F-7
with stated interest rates reflects its fair value based on
current rates afforded to us on debt with similar maturities and
characteristics.
Foreign currency translation. The functional currencies
of our foreign subsidiaries are their local currencies.
Accordingly, we apply the period end exchange rate to translate
their assets and liabilities and the weighted average exchange
rate for the period to translate their revenues, expenses,
gains, and losses into U.S. dollars. We include the
translation adjustments as a separate component of accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’
equity.
Cash and cash equivalents. We consider all highly liquid
investments with original or remaining maturities of
90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Inventories. We report our inventories at the lower of
cost or market. We determine cost on a
first-in, first-out
basis and include both the costs of acquisition and the costs of
manufacturing in our inventory costs. These costs include direct
material, direct labor, and fixed and variable indirect
manufacturing costs, including depreciation and amortization.
We also regularly review the cost of inventory against its
estimated market value and will record a lower of cost or market
write-down for inventories that have a cost in excess of
estimated market value. For example, we regularly evaluate the
quantity and value of our inventory in light of current market
conditions and market trends, and record write-downs for any
quantities in excess of demand and for any product obsolescence.
This evaluation considers historic usage, expected demand,
anticipated sales price, new product development schedules, the
effect new products might have on the sale of existing products,
product obsolescence, customer concentrations, product
merchantability, and other factors. Market conditions are
subject to change and actual consumption of our inventory could
differ from forecast demand. Our products have a long life cycle
and obsolescence has not historically been a significant factor
in the valuation of our inventories.
Property, plant, and equipment. We report our property,
plant, and equipment at cost, less accumulated depreciation.
Cost includes the price paid to acquire or construct the assets,
including capitalized interest during the construction period,
and any expenditures that substantially add to the value or
substantially extend the useful life of an existing asset. We
expense repair and maintenance costs when they are incurred.
We compute depreciation expense using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as presented in
the table below. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the
shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of
the lease.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Useful Lives in Years | |
|
|
| |
Buildings
|
|
|
40 |
|
Manufacturing machinery and equipment
|
|
|
5 – 7 |
|
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware, and computer software
|
|
|
3 – 5 |
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
15 |
|
Long-lived assets. We account for our long-lived tangible
assets and definite-lived intangible assets in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. (SFAS 144),
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets. As a result, we assess long-lived assets classified
as “held and used”, including our property, plant, and
equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in business
circumstances arise that may indicate that the carrying amount
of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable. These events
would include significant current period operating or cash flow
losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset or group of
assets combined with a history of such losses, significant
changes in the manner of use of assets, and significant negative
industry or economic trends. We evaluated our long-lived assets
for impairment during 2005 and concluded that the carrying
values of these assets were recoverable.
Product warranties. We provide a limited warranty to the
original purchasers of our solar modules for five years
following delivery that the modules will be free from defects in
materials and workmanship under normal use and service
conditions, and we provide a warranty that the modules will
produce at least 90% of their power output rating during the
first 10 years following their installation and at least
80% of their power output rating during the following
15 years. In resolving claims under both the defects and
power output warranties, we have the option of either repairing
or replacing the covered module or, under the power output
warranty, providing additional modules to remedy the power
shortfall. Our warranties may be transferred from the original
purchaser of our modules to a subsequent purchaser. We accrue an
estimate of the future costs of meeting our warranty obligations
when we recognize revenue from sales. We make and revise this
estimate based on the number of solar modules under
F-8
warranty at customer locations, our historical experience with
warranty claims, our monitoring of field installation sites, our
in-house testing of our solar modules, and our estimated
per-module replacement cost.
Environmental remediation liabilities. We record
environmental remediation liabilities when environmental
assessments and/or remediation efforts are probable and the
costs can be reasonably estimated. We estimate these costs based
on current laws and regulations, existing technology, and the
most likely method of remediation. We do not discount these
costs, and we exclude the effects of possible inflation and
other economic factors. If our cost estimates result in a range
of equally probable amounts, we accrue the lowest amount in the
range.
End of life recycling and reclamation. We recognize an
expense for the estimated fair value of certain future
obligations for reclaiming and recycling the modules that we
have sold once they have reached the end of their useful lives.
See note 5 for further information about this obligation
and how we account for it.
Revenue recognition. We sell our products directly to
system integrators and recognize revenue when persuasive
evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the product has
occurred and title and risk of loss has passed to the customer,
the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility of
the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. In accordance
with this policy, we record a trade receivable for the selling
price of our product and reduce inventory for the cost of goods
sold when delivery occurs in accordance with the terms of the
respective sales contracts. During the quarter ended
July 1, 2006, we changed the terms of our sales contracts
with all of our significant customers to provide that delivery
occurs when we deliver our products to the carrier, rather than
when the products are received by our customer, as had been our
terms under our prior contracts. We do not offer extended
payment terms or rights of return of our sold products.
Shipping and handling costs. Shipping and handling costs
are classified as a component of cost of sales. Customer
payments of shipping and handling costs are recorded as net
sales.
Stock-based compensation. We account for stock-based
employee compensation arrangements in accordance with
SFAS 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payments. See
“Recent Accounting Pronouncements” below for further
information.
We estimated our options’ expected terms, which represent
our best estimate of the period of time from the grant date that
we expect the options to remain outstanding. Because our stock
is not currently publicly traded, we do not have an observable
share-price volatility; therefore, we estimated our expected
volatility based on that of similar publicly-traded companies
and expect to continue to do so until such time as we might have
adequate historical data from our own traded share prices.
The stock-based compensation expense that we recognized in our
results of operations is based on the number of awards expected
to ultimately vest, so the actual award amounts have been
reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123(R) requires us
to estimate forfeitures at the time the options are granted and
revise those estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods. We
estimated forfeitures based on our historical experience with
forfeitures of our options, giving consideration to whether
future forfeiture behavior might be expected to differ from past
behavior.
We recognize compensation cost for awards with graded vesting
schedules on a straight-line basis over the requisite service
periods for each separately vesting portion of the awards as if
each award was, in substance, multiple awards.
Research and development expense. Research and
development costs are incurred during the process of researching
and developing new products and enhancing our existing products,
technologies, and manufacturing processes and consist primarily
of compensation and related costs for personnel, materials,
supplies, and equipment depreciation. We expense these costs as
incurred until the product has been completed and tested and is
ready for commercial manufacturing.
We are party to several research grant contracts with the
U.S. federal government under which we receive
reimbursement for specified costs incurred with certain of our
research projects. We record amounts recoverable through these
grants as an offset to research and development expense when the
related research and development costs are incurred, which is
consistent with the timing of our contractual right to receive
the cost reimbursement. We have included grant proceeds of
$1.4 million, $1.0 million, and $0.9 million as
offsets to research and development expense during the years
ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005, respectively, and $0.7 million
(unaudited) and $0.2 million (unaudited) for the six months
ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006, respectively.
Production start-up
expense. Production
start-up expense
consists primarily of salaries and personnel-related costs and
the cost of operating a production line before it has been
qualified for full production, including the cost of raw
materials for solar modules run through the production line
during the qualification phase. It also includes all
F-9
expenses related to the selection of a new site and the related
legal and regulatory costs, to the extent we cannot capitalize
the expenditure.
Income taxes. First Solar Holdings, LLC was formed as a
limited liability company and, accordingly, was not subject to
U.S. federal or state income taxes, although certain of its
foreign subsidiaries were subject to income taxes in their local
jurisdictions. However, upon incorporation as First Solar, Inc.
during the first quarter of 2006, the company became subject to
U.S. federal and state income taxes.
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability
method, in accordance with SFAS 109, Accounting for
Income Taxes. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax
assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases and for operating loss and tax credit
carryforwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities
using the enacted tax laws expected to apply to taxable income
in the years in which we expect those temporary differences to
be recovered or settled; we will recognize the effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws in
the results of our operations during the period that includes
the enactment date. We record valuation allowances to reduce
deferred tax assets when we determine that it is more likely
than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized.
We operate in multiple taxing jurisdictions under several legal
forms. As a result, we are subject to the jurisdiction of a
number of U.S. and non U.S. tax authorities and to tax
agreements and treaties among these governments. Our operations
in these different jurisdictions are taxed on various bases,
including income before taxes calculated in accordance with
jurisdictional regulations. Determining our taxable income in
any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the relevant tax
laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions
about significant future events, including the following: the
amount, timing, and character of deductions; permissible revenue
recognition methods under the tax law; and the sources and
character of income and tax credits. Changes in tax laws,
regulations, agreements and treaties, currency exchange
restrictions, or our level of operations or profitability in
each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact on the amount of
income tax assets, liabilities, expenses, and benefits that we
record during any given period.
See Note 11 for more information about the impact of income
taxes on our financial position and results of operations.
Per share data. Basic loss per share is based on the
weighted effect of all shares issued and outstanding, and is
calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number
of shares outstanding during the period.
Comprehensive loss. Our comprehensive loss consists of
our net loss and the effects on our consolidated financial
statements of translating the financial statements of our
subsidiaries that operate in foreign currencies. We present our
comprehensive loss in a combined consolidated statement of
members’/stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss.
Our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is presented
as a component of equity in our consolidated balance sheet and
consists of the cumulative amount of net financial statement
translation income that we have incurred since the inception of
our business.
Recent accounting pronouncements. In December 2004, the
FASB issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payments, which revises SFAS 123, supersedes
APB 25 and SFAS 148, and amends SFAS 95,
Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the requirements of
SFAS 123(R) are similar to those of SFAS 123. However,
SFAS 123(R) requires companies to recognize compensation
expense for all stock-based payments to employees, including
grants of employee stock options, in their statements of
operations based on the fair value of the awards. We adopted
SFAS 123(R) during the first quarter of the year ended
December 31, 2005 using the “modified
retrospective” method of transition.
In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No.
(SAB) 107, which provides guidance regarding the
implementation of SFAS 123(R). In particular, SAB 107
provides guidance regarding calculating assumptions used in
stock-based compensation valuation models, the classification of
stock-based compensation expense, the capitalization of
stock-based compensation costs, the classification of redeemable
financial instruments and disclosures in management’s
discussion and analysis in filings with the SEC. We have applied
(SAB) 107 in our adoption of SFAS 123(R).
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 151, which clarifies
the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense,
freight, handling costs, and spoilage. SFAS 151 also
requires the allocation of fixed production overhead costs based
on normal production capacity. We adopted this statement in 2005
and the adoption did not have a material effect on our financial
position, results of operations, or cash flows.
F-10
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, Exchanges of
Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29.
APB 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions,
applies the principle that exchanges of nonmonetary assets
should be measured based on the fair value of the assets
exchanged. SFAS 153 amends APB 29 by eliminating the
exception to fair value accounting for nonmonetary changes of
similar productive assets and replacing it with a general
exception to fair value accounting for nonmonetary exchanges
that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange
has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity
are expected to change significantly as a result of the
exchange. We adopted this statement during 2006 and the adoption
did not have a material effect on our financial position,
results of operations, or cash flows.
In March 2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. (FIN) 47,
Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations.
“Conditional” asset retirement obligations are legal
obligations to perform an asset retirement activity in which the
timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future
event that may or may not be within the entity’s control.
FIN 47 clarifies that an entity must record a liability for
a conditional asset retirement obligation if the fair value of
the obligation can be reasonably estimated and establishes when
an entity would have sufficient information to reasonably
estimate that fair value. We adopted FIN 47 during 2005,
and the adoption of this statement did not have a material
effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS 154, Accounting
Changes and Error Corrections, which supersedes APB 20,
Accounting Changes, and SFAS 3, Reporting
Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements.
SFAS 154 changes the method for reporting an accounting
change. Under SFAS 154, accounting changes must be
retrospectively applied to all prior periods whose financial
statements are presented, unless the change in accounting
principle is due to a new pronouncement that provides other
transition guidance or unless application of the retrospective
method is impracticable. Under the retrospective method,
companies will no longer present the cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle in their statement of operations
for the period of the change. SFAS 154 carries forward
unchanged APB 20’s guidance for reporting corrections
of errors in previously issued financial statements and for
reporting changes in accounting estimates. We adopted this
statement during 2006 and the adoption did not have a material
effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows.
In January of 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155,
Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments. SFAS
No. 155 amends SFAS No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and SFAS
No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of
Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. SFAS
No. 155 also resolves issues addressed in SFAS No. 133
Implementation Issue No. D1, Application of
Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized
Financial Assets. SFAS No. 155 eliminates the exemption
from applying SFAS No. 133 to interests in securitized
financial assets so that similar instruments are accounted for
in the same manner regardless of the form of the instruments.
SFAS No. 155 allows a preparer to elect fair value
measurement at acquisition, at issuance, or when a previously
recognized financial instrument is subject to a remeasurement
(new basis) event, on an instrument-by-instrument basis. SFAS
No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired
or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal
year that begins after September 15, 2006. The fair value
election provided for in paragraph 4(c) of
SFAS No. 155 may also be applied upon adoption of
SFAS No. 155 for hybrid financial instruments that had
been bifurcated under paragraph 12 of SFAS No. 133
prior to the adoption of this Statement. Earlier adoption is
permitted as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year,
provided the entity has not yet issued financial statements,
including financial statements for any interim period for that
fiscal year. Provisions of SFAS No. 155 may be applied to
instruments that an entity holds at the date of adoption on an
instrument-by-instrument basis. Adoption of this standard is not
expected to have a material impact on our financial position,
results of operations, or cash flows.
In February 2006, the FASB issued FSP
FAS 123R-4,
Classification of Options and Similar Instruments Issued as
Employee Compensation That Allow for Cash Settlement upon the
Occurrence of a Contingent Event. The guidance in FSP
FAS 123R-4 amends
paragraphs 32 and A229 of FASB Statement No. 123R to
incorporate the concept articulated in footnote 16 of
FAS 123R. That is, a cash settlement feature that can be
exercised only upon the occurrence of a contingent event that is
outside the employees control does not meet the condition in
paragraphs 32 and A229 until it becomes probable that the
event will occur. Originally under FAS 123R, a provision in
a stock-based payment plan that required an entity to settle
outstanding options in cash upon the occurrence of any
contingent event required classification and accounting for the
share based payment as a liability. This caused an issue under
certain awards that require or permit, at the holders election,
cash settlement of the option or similar instrument upon
(a) a change in control or other liquidity event of the
entity or (b) death or disability of the holder. With this
new FSP, these types of cash settlement features will not
require liability accounting so long as the feature can be
exercised only upon the occurrence of a contingent event that is
outside the employees control (such as an
F-11
initial public offering) until it becomes probable that event
will occur. The guidance in this FSP has been applied upon our
adoption of Statement 123(R).
In July 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes. Tax law is subject to
significant and varied interpretation, so an enterprise may be
uncertain whether a tax position that it has taken will
ultimately be sustained when it files its tax return.
FIN 48 establishes a “more-likely-than-not”
threshold that must be met before a tax benefit can be
recognized in the financial statements and, for those benefits
that may be recognized, stipulates that enterprises should
recognize the largest amount of the tax benefit that has a
greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon
ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. FIN 48 also
addresses changes in judgments about the realizability of tax
benefits, accrual of interest and penalties on unrecognized tax
benefits, classification of liabilities for unrecognized tax
benefits, and related financial statement disclosures. We will
adopt FIN 48 during 2007 and do not expect this to have a
material effect on our financial position, results of
operations, or cash flows.
Note 3. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following at
December 25, 2004, December 31, 2005, and July 1,
2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Accounts receivable, gross
|
|
$ |
4,426 |
|
|
$ |
1,102 |
|
|
$ |
12,812 |
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
$ |
4,393 |
|
|
$ |
1,098 |
|
|
$ |
12,808 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following at December 25,
2004, December 31, 2005, and July 1, 2006
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Raw materials
|
|
$ |
921 |
|
|
$ |
1,675 |
|
|
$ |
4,168 |
|
Work in process
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
1,182 |
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
2,765 |
|
|
|
4,645 |
|
|
|
2,548 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total inventories
|
|
$ |
3,686 |
|
|
$ |
6,917 |
|
|
$ |
7,898 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following at
December 25, 2004, December 31, 2005, and July 1,
2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Buildings and improvements
|
|
$ |
8,771 |
|
|
$ |
20,959 |
|
|
$ |
21,248 |
|
Machinery and equipment
|
|
|
14,737 |
|
|
|
18,596 |
|
|
|
20,540 |
|
Office equipment and furniture
|
|
|
1,198 |
|
|
|
1,496 |
|
|
|
1,651 |
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
1,362 |
|
|
|
1,362 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross depreciable property, plant, and equipment
|
|
|
25,700 |
|
|
|
42,413 |
|
|
|
44,801 |
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(5,562 |
) |
|
|
(8,877 |
) |
|
|
(12,255 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net depreciable property, plant, and equipment
|
|
|
20,138 |
|
|
|
33,536 |
|
|
|
32,546 |
|
Land
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
1,047 |
|
|
|
2,697 |
|
Construction in progress
|
|
|
9,014 |
|
|
|
39,195 |
|
|
|
106,667 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net property, plant, and equipment
|
|
$ |
29,277 |
|
|
$ |
73,778 |
|
|
$ |
141,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-12
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant, and equipment
was $1.5 million, $1.9 million, and $3.4 million
for the years ended December 27, 2003, December 25,
2004, and December 31, 2005, respectively and was
$1.5 million (unaudited) and $3.4 million (unaudited)
for the six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1,
2006, respectively.
We incurred and capitalized interest cost (into our property,
plant, and equipment) as follows during the years ended
December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended June 25,
2005 and July 1, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Interest cost incurred
|
|
$ |
4,435 |
|
|
$ |
447 |
|
|
$ |
773 |
|
|
$ |
195 |
|
|
$ |
2,476 |
|
Interest capitalized
|
|
|
(461 |
) |
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(355 |
) |
|
|
(129 |
) |
|
|
(1,768 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
$ |
3,974 |
|
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
418 |
|
|
$ |
66 |
|
|
$ |
708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following
at December 25, 2004, December 31, 2005, and
July 1, 2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Accounts payable
|
|
$ |
439 |
|
|
$ |
4,599 |
|
|
$ |
10,709 |
|
Product warranty liability
|
|
|
2,425 |
|
|
|
1,853 |
|
|
|
2,089 |
|
Accrued compensation and benefits
|
|
|
1,116 |
|
|
|
780 |
|
|
|
1,198 |
|
Other accrued expenses
|
|
|
1,373 |
|
|
|
6,539 |
|
|
|
6,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
5,353 |
|
|
$ |
13,771 |
|
|
$ |
20,837 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 4. Intangible Assets
Included in other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance
sheets are intangible assets, substantially all of which are
patents on technologies related to our products and production
processes. We record an asset for patents based on the legal,
filing, and other costs incurred to secure them and amortize
these costs on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives
ranging from 5 to 15 years. Amortization expense for our
patents was $43,000, $24,000, and $13,000 for the years ended
December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005, respectively, and $7,000 (unaudited) and
$10,000 (unaudited) for the quarters ended June 25, 2005
and July 1, 2006, respectively. Intangible assets consisted
of the following at December 25, 2004, December 31,
2005, and July 1, 2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Intangible assets, gross
|
|
$ |
1,297 |
|
|
$ |
1,389 |
|
|
$ |
1,393 |
|
Accumulated amortization
|
|
|
(1,107 |
) |
|
|
(1,120 |
) |
|
|
(1,131 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets, net
|
|
$ |
190 |
|
|
$ |
269 |
|
|
$ |
262 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated future amortization expense for our patents is as
follows at December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
2007
|
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
2008
|
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
2009
|
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
2010
|
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
$ |
169 |
|
F-13
Note 5. Restricted Investment and Product
Reclamation and Recycling Liability
Legislative initiatives in Europe hold manufacturers responsible
for the return and recycling of certain electrical products. The
legislation passed to date does not include our solar modules,
but based on the progress of legislative deliberations, we
determined in the fourth quarter of 2004 that we should develop
a program for ensuring the reclamation and recycling of the
modules that we sell in Europe. As a result, we included a solar
module reclamation and recycling arrangement in our standard
2005 and 2006 sales contracts, into which our customers, who are
solar electricity generation project developers and system
integrators, can enroll the eventual system owners. Under this
arrangement, we agree to provide for the reclamation and
recycling of the materials in our solar modules, and the system
owners agree to notify us, disassemble their solar electricity
generation systems, package the solar modules for shipment, and
revert ownership rights over the module back to us at the end of
their expected service lives.
During the year ended December 31, 2005 and the six months
ended July 1, 2006 and June 25, 2005, we have recorded
liabilities for the estimated fair value of our obligations for
the reclamation and recycling of our solar modules, and we have
made associated charges to cost of sales. We based our estimate
of the fair value of our reclamation and recycling obligations
on the present value of the expected future cost of reclaiming
and recycling the modules, which includes the cost of packaging
the module for transport, the cost of freight from the
module’s installation site to a recycling center, and the
material, labor, and capital costs of the recycling process. We
based this estimate on our experience reclaiming and recycling
our solar modules and on our expectations about future
developments in recycling technologies and processes and about
economic conditions at the time the modules will be reclaimed
and recycled. In the periods between the time of our sales and
our settlement of the reclamation and recycling obligations, we
accrete the carrying amount of the associated liability by
applying the discount rate used in its initial measurement. Our
module end-of-life
reclamation and recycling liabilities totaled $0.9 million
at December 31, 2005 and $2.0 million (unaudited) at
July 1, 2006 and are classified with other non-current
liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. We charged
$0.9 million and $0.8 million (unaudited) to cost of
sales for the fair value of our reclamation and recycling
obligation for modules sold during the year ended
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended July 1,
2006, respectively. During both the year ended December 31,
2005 and the six months ended July 1, 2006, the accretion
expense on our reclamation and recycling obligations was
insignificant.
Starting in the first quarter of 2005, we also offered
participation in the solar module reclamation and recycling
program to owners of the 164,000 modules that we sold during
2003 and 2004, at no charge to the owners. When owners enroll in
the program, we record liabilities for the estimated fair value
of our obligations for the reclamation and recycling of the
solar modules, with an associated charge to cost of sales. We
estimate the fair value of our obligation and account for the
subsequent accretion the same way as for our obligation for
solar modules sold during 2005. During the year ended
December 31, 2005, our costs related to this program were
insignificant. During the six months ended July 1, 2006, we
charged $0.3 million (unaudited) to cost of sales for the
fair value of the obligations incurred during that year for
modules sold during 2003 and 2004. The accretion expense on
those obligations was insignificant during the six months ended
July 1, 2006. If all owners participated as of July 1,
2006, we estimate that the fair value of our obligation would be
$1.1 million (unaudited).
We pre-fund the estimated product reclamation and recycling
expense at the time of sale. During the years 2028 through 2045,
we may elect to commute the agreement and receive back the
amounts we have deposited plus a rate of return (computed at
5.3% for the years 2005 through 2022 and LIBOR less 0.35%
thereafter) less any cost reimbursements that we have already
received. At December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006, the
cumulative amount of deposits made and the investment returns
earned through that date were $1.3 million and
$2.9 million (unaudited), respectively, which we report as
a restricted investment on our consolidated balance sheet. We
will make additional deposits during 2006 and 2007 based on our
estimates at the times the deposits are due of the number of
modules that we expect to ship during each of those years.
Note 6. Debt
Current related party debt
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we borrowed
$20.0 million from the Estate of John T. Walton, a related
party, under a promissory note, all of which was outstanding at
December 31, 2005. During January 2006, we borrowed an
additional $10.0 million and subsequently repaid the entire
$30.0 million in February 2006. These notes were unsecured,
the balance was payable on demand, and interest was payable
monthly at an annual rate equal to the short term Applicable
Federal Rate published by the Internal Revenue Service (4.34% at
December 31, 2005). We classified these notes as a current
liability on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31,
2005.
F-14
Long-term debt
Our long-term debt at December 25, 2004, December 31,
2005, and July 1, 2006 consisted of the following (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
2.25% loan, due 2006 through 2015
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
15,000 |
|
|
$ |
15,000 |
|
3.70% loan from a related party, due June 1, 2010
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
0.25% – 3.25% loan, due 2007 through 2009
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
Capital lease obligations
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long-term debt
|
|
|
13,700 |
|
|
|
28,723 |
|
|
|
28,733 |
|
Less current portion
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(142 |
) |
|
|
(1,793 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current portion
|
|
$ |
13,700 |
|
|
$ |
28,581 |
|
|
$ |
26,940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we received a
$15.0 million loan from the Director of Development of the
State of Ohio, all of which was outstanding at July 1,
2006. Interest is payable monthly at the annual rate of 2.25%;
principal payments commence on December 1, 2006 and end on
July 1, 2015. Land and buildings at our Ohio plant with a
net book value of $22.5 million (unaudited) at July 1,
2006 have been pledged as collateral for this loan.
During the year ended December 25, 2004, we received a
$5.0 million loan from the Director of Development of the
State of Ohio, all of which was outstanding at July 1,
2006. Interest is payable monthly at annual rates starting at
0.25% during the first year the loan is outstanding, increasing
to 1.25% during the second and third years, increasing to 2.25%
during the fourth and fifth years, and increasing to 3.25% for
each subsequent year; principal payments commence on
January 1, 2007 and end on December 1, 2009. Machinery
and equipment at our Ohio plant with a net book value of
$12.0 million (unaudited) at July 1, 2006 have been
pledged as collateral for this loan. The company did not meet
the non-financial covenant of reporting certain financial data
in a timely manner and received a waiver on June 5, 2006
for that requirement from the lender.
During the year ended December 27, 2003, we received an
$8.7 million loan from Kingston Properties, LLC, an
affiliate of our majority stockholder, all of which was
outstanding at July 1, 2006. Interest accrues at the annual
rate of 3.70% and is payable in monthly installments of $27,000;
the principal amount and any unpaid accrued interest is due on
June 1, 2010. As discussed in Note 17, in July 2006,
we repaid the entire principal balance of this loan and all
accrued interest. A second position in the same land and
buildings at our Ohio plant that collateralize the
$15.0 million loan from the Director of Development of the
State of Ohio has been pledged as collateral for this loan.
At December 31, 2005, future principal payments on our
long-term debt, excluding payments related to capital leases,
which are disclosed in Note 8, were due as follows (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
$ |
135 |
|
|
2007
|
|
|
3,305 |
|
|
2008
|
|
|
3,337 |
|
|
2009
|
|
|
3,372 |
|
|
2010
|
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
8,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long-term debt
|
|
$ |
28,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
We made interest payments to related parties of
$4.5 million, $0.3 million, and $0.6 million for
the years ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004,
and December 31, 2005, respectively, and $0.2 million
(unaudited) and $0.2 million (unaudited) for the six months
ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006, respectively.
Note 7. Benefit Plans
We offer a 401(k) retirement savings plan into which employees
in our Ohio facility can voluntarily contribute a portion of
their annual salaries and wages, subject to legally prescribed
dollar limits, and a SIMPLE IRA plan into which employees in our
Phoenix office can voluntarily contribute up to a legally
prescribed dollar limit. Our
F-15
contributions to our employees’ plan accounts are made at
the discretion of our board of directors, are based on a
percentage of the participating employees’ contributions,
and vest over 4 years. During 2005, we matched half of the
first 4% of their compensation that our Ohio employees
contributed to their plan and all of the first 3% of their
compensation that our Phoenix employees contributed to their
plan. Our contributions to the plans totaled $0.1 million,
$0.1 million, and $0.2 million for the years ended
December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005, respectively, and $0.1 million
(unaudited) in both the six months ended June 25, 2005 and
July 1, 2006. None of these benefit plans offer
participants an option to invest in First Solar.
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease commitments
We lease our headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, a customer
service office in Mainz, Germany, and a business development
office in Berlin, Germany under non-cancelable operating leases,
which expire in March 2007, April 2009, and May 2006,
respectively. The leases require us to pay property taxes,
common area maintenance, and certain other costs in addition to
base rent. We also lease certain machinery and equipment and
office furniture and equipment under operating and capital
leases. Future minimum payments under all of our non-cancelable
leases are as follows as of December 31, 2005 (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Leases | |
|
Operating Leases | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
2006
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
290 |
|
|
$ |
299 |
|
2007
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
2008
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
2009
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
2010
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
$ |
876 |
|
|
$ |
909 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less amounts representing interest
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present value of minimum lease payments
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less current portion of obligations under capital leases
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current portion of obligations under capital leases
|
|
$ |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our rent expense was $0.4 million in each of the years
ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and $0.2 million (unaudited) and
$0.3 million (unaudited) in the six months ended
June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006, respectively.
Purchase commitments
We purchase raw materials for inventory, services, and
manufacturing equipment from a variety of vendors. During the
normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead
times and help assure adequate supply, we enter into agreements
with suppliers that either allow us to procure goods and
services when we choose or that establish purchase requirements.
In certain instances, these latter agreements allow us the
option to cancel, reschedule, or adjust our requirements based
on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed.
Consequently, only a portion of our recorded purchase
commitments are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional. At
December 31, 2005, our obligations under firm,
noncancelable, and unconditional agreements were approximately
$36.2 million, of which $33.0 million was for
commitments related to plant construction and maintenance.
$36.1 million of our purchase obligations are due in fiscal
2006.
F-16
Product warranties
Product warranty activity during the years ended
December 24, 2004 and December 31, 2005 and for the
six months ended July 1, 2006 was as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months | |
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Product warranty liability, beginning of year
|
|
$ |
462 |
|
|
$ |
2,425 |
|
|
$ |
1,853 |
|
Accruals for new warranties issued (warranty expense)
|
|
|
1,900 |
|
|
|
637 |
|
|
|
454 |
|
Settlements
|
|
|
(171 |
) |
|
|
(170 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
Change in estimate of warranty liability
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
(1,039 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product warranty liability, end of year
|
|
$ |
2,425 |
|
|
$ |
1,853 |
|
|
$ |
2,089 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We reduced our estimate of our product warranty liability by
$1.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2005
because of the reductions in our manufacturing costs achieved in
that year, which reduced our estimate of the cost required to
replace our solar modules under warranty.
Environmental matters
Our environmental liabilities were $0.1 million at
December 25, 2004, December 31, 2005, and July 1,
2006, and are classified with other noncurrent liabilities on
our consolidated balance sheets. The majority of our liability
at December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006 relates to our
estimate of the future costs of remediation at our research and
development facilities in Toledo, Ohio (closed in 1999) and
Eckel Junction, Ohio (closed in 2004).
Legal matters
We are a party to litigation matters and claims that are normal
in the course of our operations. While we believe that the
ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material
adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations,
or cash flows, the outcome of these matters is not determinable
and negative outcomes may adversely affect us.
Sales Agreements
In April 2006, we entered into contracts with six European
project developers and systems integrators for the purchase and
sale of a significant portion of our planned production of solar
modules during the period from 2006 to 2011. Under these
contracts, we agree to provide each customer with solar modules
totaling certain amounts of power generation capability during
specified time periods. Our customers are entitled to certain
remedies in the event of missed deliveries of the total kilowatt
volume. Such delivery commitments are established through a
rolling four quarter forecast and define the specific quantities
to be purchased on a quarterly basis and schedules the
individual shipments to be made to our customers. In the case of
a late delivery, our customers are entitled to a maximum charge
of up to 6% of the delinquent revenue. If we do not meet our
annual minimum volume shipments or the minimum average Watt per
module, our customers also have the right to terminate these
contracts on a prospective basis.
|
|
Note 9. |
Equity Transactions and Settlement |
During the year ended December 27, 2003, a previous owner
forfeited its entire interest in First Solar US Manufacturing,
LLC in connection with a settlement of claims, including matters
subject to on-going arbitration and pending litigation, in
exchange for a cash payment of $3.0 million from First
Solar US Manufacturing, LLC recorded in selling, general,
and administrative expenses, resulting in the retirement of
2,044,000 membership units. During the same year, the sole
remaining owner of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC formed
First Solar Holdings, LLC and contributed all its equity
interest in First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC and First Solar
Property, LLC into First Solar Holdings, LLC. The owner also
transferred all rights and ownership of a promissory note and
loan agreement with First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC to First
Solar Holdings, LLC. First Solar Holdings, LLC subsequently
converted the outstanding principal of $71.9 million and
related accrued interest of $10.6 million into
F-17
an equity contribution. The owner also made an additional cash
contribution of $8.5 million to First Solar Holdings, LLC.
In December 2003, the First Solar Holdings, LLC Second Amended
and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement converted all
of the owners equity interest in the company to 6,775,000
membership units. In fiscal 2004, fiscal 2005 and the first six
months of 2006, the owner made further cash contributions of
$17.9 million, $16.7 million and $30.0 million
(unaudited), respectively.
During the six months ended July 1, 2006, we received
$73.3 million (unaudited) from the issuance of
$74.0 million (unaudited) in convertible senior
subordinated notes due in 2011, less $0.7 million
(unaudited) of issuance costs that we deferred. Later during the
six months ended July 1, 2006, we extinguished these
notes by payment of 878,651 shares of our common stock. This
extinguishment took place under the terms of a negotiated
extinguishment agreement and not under the conversion terms of
the original note purchase agreement; however, the settlement
terms of the negotiated extinguishment agreement were, in
substance, similar to, but not identical to, the terms of the
original note purchase agreement. As a result of the
extinguishment, we recorded a $74.0 million increase in our
stockholders’ equity and a $43,000 (unaudited) loss on
extinguishment of the notes, which we recorded in other
income/(expense), net in our consolidated statement of
operations.
During the years ended December 27, 2003 and
December 25, 2004, we issued stock options to certain
employees that had a provision allowing the employee’s
estate or its successors to sell any equity shares obtained as a
result of exercising the options back to us at an amount equal
to the fair value of the shares upon the death of the optionee.
As a result, we report the vested portion of the intrinsic value
of these stock options as employee stock options on redeemable
shares on our consolidated balance sheets.
During 2003, we adopted the 2003 Unit Option Plan (the
“Plan”). In connection with our February 2006
conversion from a limited liability company to a corporation, we
converted each outstanding option to purchase one limited
liability membership unit into an option to purchase one share
of our common stock, in each case at the same exercise price and
subject to the other terms and conditions of the outstanding
option. Under the Plan, we may grant non-qualified options to
purchase common shares of First Solar to employees of First
Solar (including its parent and any of its subsidiaries) and
non-employee individuals and entities that provide services to
First Solar, its parent, or any of its subsidiaries. The Plan is
administered by a committee appointed by our board, which is
authorized to, among other things, select the officers and other
employees who will receive grants and determine the exercise
price and vesting schedule of the options. A total of
1,411,765 shares were made available for issuance under the
Plan, and forfeited shares become available for re-issuance. At
December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006, 324,630 and
348,642 (unaudited) shares, respectively, were available
for grant.
Activity under the Plan was as follows during the years ended
December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
Number of | |
|
Average | |
|
Number of | |
|
Average | |
|
|
Shares under | |
|
Exercise | |
|
Shares under | |
|
Exercise | |
|
|
Option | |
|
Price | |
|
Option | |
|
Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at beginning of year
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
516,577 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
Options granted
|
|
|
516,577 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
113,530 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
Options exercised
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Options cancelled
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(22,633 |
) |
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of year
|
|
|
516,577 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
607,474 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at end of year
|
|
|
160,400 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
213,000 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Following is a summary of our share options as of
December 31, 2005 and changes during the year then ended:
F-18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares under | |
|
|
|
Remaining | |
|
Aggregate | |
|
|
Option | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Contractual Term | |
|
Intrinsic Value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Options outstanding at December 25, 2004
|
|
|
607,474 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted
|
|
|
569,347 |
|
|
$ |
21.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Options forfeited or expired
|
|
|
(89,686 |
) |
|
$ |
18.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding at December 31, 2005
|
|
|
1,087,135 |
|
|
$ |
15.10 |
|
|
|
7.97 |
|
|
$ |
74,901,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options vested, or expected to vest, and exercisable at
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
318,200 |
|
|
$ |
11.13 |
|
|
|
8.36 |
|
|
$ |
23,187,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Following is a summary of our share options as of July 1,
2006 (unaudited) and changes during the six months then ended:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Shares under | |
|
|
|
Remaining | |
|
Aggregate | |
|
|
Option | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Contractual Term | |
|
Intrinsic Value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2005
|
|
|
1,087,135 |
|
|
$ |
15.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised
|
|
|
(10,000 |
) |
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
740,000 |
|
Options forfeited or expired
|
|
|
(14,012 |
) |
|
$ |
16.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding at July 1, 2006
|
|
|
1,063,123 |
|
|
$ |
15.14 |
|
|
|
7.47 |
|
|
$ |
73,211,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options vested, or expected to vest, and exercisable at
July 1, 2006
|
|
|
345,800 |
|
|
$ |
11.04 |
|
|
|
7.81 |
|
|
$ |
25,229,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted under the Plan have varying vesting provisions.
Some cliff-vest four years after the grant date, some vest
ratably during the four-year period following the grant date and
some vested on the date of grant. During the six months ended
July 1, 2006, we received $0.1 million (unaudited)
from the exercise of our options; these were the first exercises
of our options that have occurred.
Options expire approximately ten years from their grant date.
The following table presents information about share options
outstanding at December 31, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding | |
|
Options Exercisable | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
Average | |
|
Remaining | |
|
|
|
Average | |
Exercise Price |
|
Number of | |
|
Exercise | |
|
Contractual | |
|
Number of | |
|
Exercise | |
Range |
|
Shares | |
|
Price | |
|
Life (Years) | |
|
Shares | |
|
Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
$10.00
|
|
|
588,809 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
7.88 |
|
|
|
288,200 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
$21.00
|
|
|
433,326 |
|
|
$ |
21.00 |
|
|
|
7.71 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
$22.00
|
|
|
65,000 |
|
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
|
9.96 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$10.00 – $22.00
|
|
|
1,087,135 |
|
|
$ |
15.10 |
|
|
|
7.97 |
|
|
|
318,200 |
|
|
$ |
11.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-19
The following table presents exercise price and remaining life
information about options outstanding at July 1, 2006
(unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding | |
|
Options Exercisable | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
Average | |
|
Remaining | |
|
|
|
Average | |
Exercise Price |
|
|
|
Exercise | |
|
Contractual | |
|
|
|
Exercise | |
Range |
|
Number of Shares | |
|
Price | |
|
Life (Years) | |
|
Number of Shares | |
|
Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
$10.00
|
|
|
572,672 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
7.37 |
|
|
|
315,800 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
$21.00
|
|
|
425,451 |
|
|
$ |
21.00 |
|
|
|
7.21 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
$22.00
|
|
|
65,000 |
|
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
|
9.47 |
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$10.00 – $22.00
|
|
|
1,063,123 |
|
|
$ |
15.14 |
|
|
|
7.47 |
|
|
|
345,800 |
|
|
$ |
11.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We granted options with exercise prices that differed from the
fair value of our shares (or membership units, for grants prior
to our conversion into a corporation) on the grant date. The
following table presents information about the options granted
during the years ended December 27, 2003, December 25,
2004, and December 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
Number of Share | |
|
Weighted Average | |
|
Fair Value at | |
|
|
Options Granted | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Grant Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise price equaled grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Exercise price less than grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
569,347 |
|
|
$ |
21.03 |
|
|
$ |
71.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
569,347 |
|
|
$ |
21.03 |
|
|
$ |
71.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise price equaled grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
113,530 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
Exercise price less than grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
113,530 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise price equaled grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
516,577 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
Exercise price less than grant date fair value of share
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
516,577 |
|
|
$ |
10,00 |
|
|
$ |
10.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The weighted average estimated fair value of the options granted
during the six months ended June 25, 2005 was $17.36
(unaudited), and no grants were made during the six months ended
July 1, 2006.
We estimate the fair value of each option award on its grant
date using the Black-Scholes-Merton closed-form option valuation
model, which uses the assumptions documented in the following
table for the years ended December 27, 2003,
December 24, 2004 and December 31, 2005 and for the
six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
Share (or membership unit) price on grant date
|
|
$10.00 |
|
$10.00 |
|
$22.00 - $84.00 |
|
$22.00 |
|
— |
Stock option exercise price
|
|
$10.00 |
|
$10.00 |
|
$10.00 - $22.00 |
|
$10.00 - $21.00 |
|
— |
Expected term
|
|
5.0 - 7.2 years |
|
5.5 - 6.8 years |
|
5.0 - 7.5 years |
|
6.0 years |
|
— |
Volatility
|
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
— |
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
3.26% - 3.81% |
|
3.17% - 4.31% |
|
3.97% - 4.41% |
|
3.97% |
|
— |
Dividend yield
|
|
0.00% |
|
0.00% |
|
0.00% |
|
0.00% |
|
— |
We estimated our options’ expected terms, which represent
our best estimate of the period of time from the grant date that
we expect the options to remain outstanding. Because our stock
is not currently publicly traded, we do not have an observable
share-price volatility; therefore, we estimated our expected
volatility on that of similar publicly-
F-20
traded companies and expect to continue to do so until such time
as we might have adequate historical data from our own traded
share prices.
The stock-based compensation expense that we recognized in our
results of operations is based on the number of awards expected
to ultimately vest, so the actual award amounts have been
reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123(R) requires us
to estimate forfeitures at the time the options are granted and
revise those estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods. We
estimated forfeitures based on our historical experience with
forfeitures of our options, giving consideration to whether
future forfeiture behavior might be expected to differ from past
behavior.
We recognize compensation cost for awards with graded vesting
schedules on a straight-line basis over the requisite service
periods for each separately vesting portion of the awards as if
each award was, in substance, multiple awards.
The stock-based compensation expense that we charged against our
results of operations on our statement of operations was as
follows for the years ended December 27, 2003,
December 24, 2004, and December 31, 2005 and for the
six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006 (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Stock-based compensation cost included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
63 |
|
|
$ |
822 |
|
|
$ |
51 |
|
|
$ |
2,262 |
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
1,190 |
|
|
Selling, general, and administrative
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
3,425 |
|
|
|
327 |
|
|
|
1,979 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stock-based compensation cost
|
|
$ |
1,146 |
|
|
$ |
1,143 |
|
|
$ |
4,886 |
|
|
$ |
411 |
|
|
$ |
5,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The adoption of SFAS 123(R) required us to change the way
we account for forfeitures of employee stock options; in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R), we presented
the $0.1 million impact of this change as a cumulative
effect of a change in account principle on our statements of
operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the six
months ended June 25, 2005. The adoption of
SFAS 123(R) did not have any effect on our cash flows from
operating or financing activities and, since we were not a
taxable entity at the time and had not had any options exercise,
did not have any effect on our income taxes. Furthermore, we did
not recognize any income tax benefit for stock-based
compensation during the years ended December 27, 2003,
December 24, 2004, and December 31, 2005 and the six
months ended June 25, 2005 because we were not organized as
an entity subject to income tax during those periods; we did not
recognize any income tax benefit for stock-based compensation
during the six months ended July 1, 2006 due to the
valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. Since we did not
grant any stock-based compensation awards prior to the year
ended December 27, 2003, our adoption of SFAS 123(R)
using the modified retrospective method of transition from prior
accounting standards did not have any impact on our paid-in
capital, accumulated deficit, or deferred taxes from years prior
to that year. At December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006,
we had $27.6 million and $22.2 million (unaudited),
respectively, of compensation cost related to unvested option
awards that remained to be recognized over weighted average
periods of 2.7 and 2.2 years, respectively.
Stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was
$0.4 million and $0.3 million (unaudited) at
December 31, 2005 and July 1, 2006, respectively; no
stock-based compensation cost was capitalized in any of our
assets at December 27, 2003, December 24, 2004, and
June 25, 2005.
F-21
During the first quarter of year ended December 31, 2005,
we adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified retrospective
method, which involves adjusting our prior consolidated
financial statements for the amounts previously reported in our
pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123. The following table
presents the adjustments that we made to our restated statements
of operations (see note 16) for the effect of the adoption of
SFAS 123(R) on our previously reported consolidated
financial statements for the years ended December 27, 2003
and December 25, 2004 (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
As Restated | |
|
|
|
As Restated | |
|
|
|
|
and | |
|
|
|
and | |
|
|
As Restated | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
Adjusted | |
|
As Restated | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
Adjusted | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net sales
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
11,495 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
11,495 |
|
|
|
18,788 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
18,851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(8,285 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8,285 |
) |
|
|
(5,266 |
) |
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
(5,329 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
1,176 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
1,240 |
|
Selling, general, and administrative
|
|
|
10,835 |
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
|
|
8,296 |
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
9,312 |
|
Production start-up costs
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,676 |
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
15,822 |
|
|
|
10,372 |
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
11,452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(22,961 |
) |
|
|
(1,146 |
) |
|
|
(24,107 |
) |
|
|
(15,638 |
) |
|
|
(1,143 |
) |
|
|
(16,781 |
) |
|
Foreign currency gain
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
116 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(3,974 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3,974 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(26,897 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,146 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,628 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,143 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share – basic and diluted
|
|
$ |
(3.62 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.15 |
) |
|
$ |
(3.78 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.75 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.13 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.88 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As a result of adopting SFAS 123(R), membership equity
reported on our restated consolidated balance sheet at
December 25, 2004 increased by $2.3 million, from
$163.4 million to $165.7 million, and accumulated
deficit increased by the same amount, from $140.6 million
to $142.9 million.
First Solar was formed as a limited liability company and,
accordingly, was not subject to U.S. federal or state
income taxes prior to 2006; instead, our income was taxed
directly to our owners. However, certain of our
non-U.S. subsidiaries
were subject to income taxes in their local jurisdictions. On
February 22, 2006, First Solar converted to a taxable
corporate form of organization.
The U.S. and non-U.S. components of our loss before income
taxes were as follows during the years ended December 27,
2003, December 25, 2004, and December 31, 2005 and for
the six months ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
U.S. loss
|
|
$ |
(28,027 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,083 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,515 |
) |
|
$ |
(815 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,923 |
) |
Non-U.S. loss
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(2,688 |
) |
|
|
(1,947 |
) |
|
|
(161 |
) |
|
|
(2,433 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(976 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-22
As a result of our status as a limited liability company and as
a result of our net operating losses and a valuation allowance
on all of our net deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions in
which we did operate under a form of organization subject to
income taxes, we did not record an income tax expense or benefit
during the years ended December 27, 2003, December 25,
2004, and December 31, 2005 and the six months ended
June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006. This result differs
from the amount computed by applying the U.S. statutory
federal income tax rate of 35% to our losses before income taxes
for the following reasons (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Computed income tax benefit
|
|
$ |
9,815 |
|
|
$ |
5,870 |
|
|
$ |
2,262 |
|
|
$ |
342 |
|
|
$ |
2,924 |
|
Loss not subject to income taxes
|
|
|
(9,809 |
) |
|
|
(4,929 |
) |
|
|
(1,580 |
) |
|
|
(285 |
) |
|
|
(551 |
) |
Effect of foreign tax rates
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
Effect of state taxes
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
78 |
|
Other
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
(81 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(1,167 |
) |
|
|
(692 |
) |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
(2,639 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported income tax expense
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities calculated for financial reporting purposes and the
amounts calculated for preparing our income tax returns in
accordance with tax regulations and the net tax effects of
operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The items that gave
rise to our deferred taxes at December 25, 2004,
December 31, 2005, and July 1, 2006 were as follows
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
37,178 |
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,223 |
|
|
Net operating losses
|
|
|
1,173 |
|
|
|
1,321 |
|
|
|
3,082 |
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,975 |
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
852 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets, gross
|
|
|
1,173 |
|
|
|
1,865 |
|
|
|
50,715 |
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(1,173 |
) |
|
|
(1,865 |
) |
|
|
(50,715 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets, net
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the
generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate
character and in the appropriate taxing jurisdictions during the
future periods in which the related temporary differences become
deductible. We determined the valuation allowance on deferred
tax assets in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 109,
which require us to weigh both positive and negative evidence in
order to ascertain whether it is more likely than not that
deferred tax assets will be realized. We evaluated all
significant available positive and negative evidence, including
the existence of cumulative net losses, benefits that could be
realized from available tax strategies, and forecasts of future
taxable income, in determining the need for a valuation
allowance on our deferred tax assets. After applying the
evaluation guidance of SFAS No. 109, we determined
that it was necessary to record a valuation allowance against
all of our net deferred tax assets. We will maintain this
valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to
support its reversal in accordance with SFAS No. 109.
F-23
Activity in our valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets
was as follows during the years ended December 25, 2004 and
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended July 1,
2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months | |
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Valuation allowance,
beginning of year
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
1,173 |
|
|
$ |
1,865 |
|
Additions
|
|
|
1,167 |
|
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
2,649 |
|
Change in form of
corporate organization
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
46,201 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation allowance,
end of year
|
|
$ |
1,173 |
|
|
$ |
1,865 |
|
|
$ |
50,715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upon our change in form of corporate organization on
February 22, 2006, we recognized $46.2 million of net
deferred tax assets, against which we placed a valuation
allowance in that full amount.
At December 31, 2005, we had
non-U.S. net
operating loss carryforwards of $3.4 million, which will
begin expiring in 2008. At July 1, 2006, we had
U.S. federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards of
$2.4 million, which will begin expiring in 2011, and
non-U.S. net operating loss carry-forwards of $7.7 million,
which will begin expiring in 2008. Our ability to use the net
operating loss carryforwards is dependent on our being able to
generate taxable income in future periods.
Pro forma information (unaudited)
On February 22, 2006, we changed our status from a limited
liability company and are thereafter subject to corporate
federal and state income taxes as a subchapter C corporation.
Because we had been a limited liability company, we had not
reflected deferred taxes in our consolidated financial
statements, except for deferred tax assets at certain
non-U.S. subsidiaries
that were subject to local income tax requirements and upon
which we recorded full valuation allowances. Our statement of
operations does not include a pro forma presentation calculated
in accordance with SFAS 109 for income taxes that would
have been recorded had we been a subchapter C corporation
because we would have provided a full valuation allowance on all
of our net deferred tax assets and therefore would not have
recorded a tax provision.
F-24
The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the
years ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and for the six months ended
June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006 is as follows (in
thousands, except per share amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Numerator – basic and diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,551 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,065 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(976 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator – basic and diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
|
|
|
6,729 |
|
|
|
8,068 |
|
|
|
9,123 |
|
|
|
8,915 |
|
|
|
10,567 |
|
|
Effect of rights issue
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
839 |
|
|
|
948 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares for loss per share
|
|
|
7,428 |
|
|
|
8,907 |
|
|
|
10,071 |
|
|
|
9,842 |
|
|
|
10,839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per share information – basic and diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss per share before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle
|
|
$ |
(3.78 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.88 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.65 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.11 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.77 |
) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss per share
|
|
$ |
(3.78 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.88 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.64 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.77 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted loss per share excludes the effect of 31,031, 555,225,
and 726,242 anti-dilutive potential common shares for the years
ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005, respectively, and 615,061 (unaudited)
and 1,072,190 (unaudited) anti-dilutive potential common shares
for the quarters ended June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006,
respectively.
F-25
|
|
Note 13. |
Statement of Cash Flows |
During the quarter ended March 26, 2005, we began
presenting our consolidated statement of cash flows using the
direct method and conformed the presentation for all prior
periods accordingly. Following is a reconciliation of net loss
to net cash provided by or used in operating activities for the
years ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and for the six months ended
June 25, 2005 and July 1, 2006 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(28,043 |
) |
|
$ |
(16,771 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(976 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,356 |
) |
|
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
|
1,944 |
|
|
|
3,376 |
|
|
|
1,511 |
|
|
|
3,388 |
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
|
|
4,797 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
5,431 |
|
|
Non-cash interest
|
|
|
4,327 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
281 |
|
|
Non-cash loss
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(1,706 |
) |
|
|
(2,486 |
) |
|
|
3,295 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(11,710 |
) |
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
|
(2,124 |
) |
|
|
(2,861 |
) |
|
|
(2,612 |
) |
|
|
(1,046 |
) |
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
(1,074 |
) |
|
|
(981 |
) |
|
|
(1,840 |
) |
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
3,050 |
|
|
|
3,852 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
4,670 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total adjustments
|
|
|
5,815 |
|
|
|
1,586 |
|
|
|
11,502 |
|
|
|
(1,783 |
) |
|
|
(781 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
$ |
(22,228 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,185 |
) |
|
$ |
5,040 |
|
|
$ |
(2,759 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,137 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 14. |
Segment and Geographical Information |
SFAS 131, Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and
Related Information, establishes standards for the manner in
which companies report in their financial statements information
about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas,
and major customers. The method of determining what information
to report is based on the way that management organizes the
operating segments within the enterprise for making operating
decisions and assessing financial performance. We operate in one
industry segment, which entails the design, manufacture, and
sale of solar electric power products, so under SFAS 131,
we do not present a disaggregation of our consolidated financial
results into multiple operating segments, products, or services.
The following table presents net sales for the years ended
December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended June 25,
2005 and July 1, 2006 by geographic region, which is based
on the destination of the shipments (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(unaudited) | |
Germany
|
|
$ |
2,005 |
|
|
$ |
12,800 |
|
|
$ |
47,867 |
|
|
$ |
17,722 |
|
|
$ |
41,455 |
|
All other geographic regions
|
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
|
$ |
48,063 |
|
|
$ |
17,897 |
|
|
$ |
41,485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
The following table presents long-lived assets, excluding
financial instruments, deferred tax assets, and intangible
assets, at December 25, 2004, December 31, 2005, and
July 1, 2006 by geographic region, based on the physical
location of the assets (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
July 1, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(as restated) | |
|
(unaudited) | |
United States
|
|
$ |
29,219 |
|
|
$ |
73,556 |
|
|
$ |
96,426 |
|
Germany
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
45,484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-lived assets
|
|
$ |
29,277 |
|
|
$ |
73,778 |
|
|
$ |
141,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 15. |
Concentrations of Credit and Other Risks |
Customer concentration. The following customers
comprised 10% or more of our total net sales during the years
ended December 27, 2003, December 25, 2004, and
December 31, 2005 and the six months ended July 1,
2006 (dollars in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
July 1, 2006 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Net Sales | |
|
% of Total | |
|
Net Sales | |
|
% of Total | |
|
Net Sales | |
|
% of Total | |
|
Net Sales | |
|
% of Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(as restated) | |
|
(unaudited) | |
Customer #1
|
|
$ |
1,892 |
|
|
|
58.9 |
% |
|
$ |
9,209 |
|
|
|
68.1 |
% |
|
$ |
21,698 |
|
|
|
45.1 |
% |
|
$ |
9,098 |
|
|
|
21.9 |
% |
Customer #2
|
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
5,520 |
|
|
|
11.5 |
% |
|
$ |
5,403 |
|
|
|
13.0 |
% |
Customer #3
|
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
5,483 |
|
|
|
11.4 |
% |
|
$ |
9,256 |
|
|
|
22.3 |
% |
Customer #4
|
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
5,065 |
|
|
|
10.5 |
% |
|
$ |
7,398 |
|
|
|
17.8 |
% |
Customer #5
|
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
5,065 |
|
|
|
10.5 |
% |
|
$ |
9,647 |
|
|
|
23.3 |
% |
Customer #6
|
|
$ |
448 |
|
|
|
14.0 |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
* |
% |
|
|
* |
Net sales to this customer were less than 10% of our total net
sales during this period. |
During the quarter ended April 1, 2006, we entered into
five-year supply agreements, with an option for a sixth year,
with six customers who develop solar energy investment projects
in Germany. Under these agreements, we agreed to supply the
customers with modules with specified total power ratings at
specified prices through the term of the contract, along with
other terms and conditions.
Credit risk. Financial instruments that potentially
subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash,
cash equivalents, and trade accounts receivable. We place cash
and cash equivalents with high-credit quality institutions and
limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. As
previously noted, our sales are primarily concentrated among six
customers. We monitor the financial condition of our customers
and perform credit evaluations whenever deemed necessary. We
generally do not require collateral for our sales on account.
Geographic risk. Our solar modules are presently
primarily made for inclusion by our customers in electricity
generation projects concentrated in a single geographic region,
Germany. This concentration of our sales in one geographic
region exposes us to local economic risks and local risks from
natural or man-made disasters.
Production. Our products include components that are
available from a limited number of suppliers or sources.
Shortages of essential components could occur due to
interruptions of supply or increases in demand and could impair
our ability to meet demand for our products. Our modules are
presently produced entirely in one facility in Perrysburg, Ohio.
Damage to or disruption of that facility could interrupt our
business and impair our ability to generate sales.
International operations. We derive substantially
all of our revenue from sales outside our country of domicile,
the United States. Therefore, our financial performance could be
affected by events such as changes in foreign currency exchange
rates, trade protection measures, long accounts receivable
collection patterns, and changes in regional or worldwide
economic or political conditions.
F-27
|
|
Note 16. |
Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial
Statements |
We have restated our consolidated financial statements for the
years ended December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 in
order to correct errors that we identified during the
preparation of this registration statement in connection with
our initial public offering and the performance of the
associated audits for our years ended December 25, 2004 and
December 31, 2005. We also made adjustments to our
previously reported consolidated financial statements for the
adoption of SFAS 123(R), as we describe in note 10.
Statement of operations
The effects of our restatement adjustments on our consolidated
statements of operations for the years ended December 27,
2003 and December 25, 2004 are listed below and do not
reflect the adoption of SFAS 123(R) on our previously
reported consolidated financial statements as stated in
note 10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
As | |
|
|
|
As | |
|
|
|
|
Previously | |
|
|
|
Previously | |
|
|
|
|
Reported | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
As Restated | |
|
Reported | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
As Restated | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net sales
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
3,210 |
|
|
$ |
13,157 |
|
|
$ |
365 |
|
|
$ |
13,522 |
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
9,569 |
|
|
|
1,926 |
|
|
|
11,495 |
|
|
|
16,813 |
|
|
|
1,975 |
|
|
|
18,788 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(6,359 |
) |
|
|
(1,926 |
) |
|
|
(8,285 |
) |
|
|
(3,656 |
) |
|
|
(1,610 |
) |
|
|
(5,266 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
|
|
1,176 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,176 |
|
Selling, general, and administrative
|
|
|
9,728 |
|
|
|
1,107 |
|
|
|
10,835 |
|
|
|
8,490 |
|
|
|
(194 |
) |
|
|
8,296 |
|
Production start-up
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,569 |
|
|
|
1,107 |
|
|
|
14,676 |
|
|
|
9,666 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
|
10,372 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(19,928 |
) |
|
|
(3,033 |
) |
|
|
(22,961 |
) |
|
|
(13,322 |
) |
|
|
(2,316 |
) |
|
|
(15,638 |
) |
|
Foreign currency gain
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(4,436 |
) |
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
(3,974 |
) |
|
|
(367 |
) |
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(24,326 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,571 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,897 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,641 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,987 |
) |
|
$ |
(15,628 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share — basic and diluted
|
|
$ |
(3.27 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.35 |
) |
|
$ |
(3.62 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.53 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.22 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.75 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales. The $0.4 million restatement of net
sales for the year ended December 25, 2004 is primarily the
result of the reclassification to cost of sales of
$0.2 million of shipping costs for our product sales that
we had incorrectly reported as an offset to net sales and
$0.1 million to reclassify sales activity that had been
incorrectly classified with cost of sales.
Cost of sales. The $1.9 million restatement of
cost of sales for the year ended December 27, 2003 is the
result of a $1.4 million reclassification of plant asset
depreciation that we had previously incorrectly classified with
selling, general, and administrative expenses and a
$0.5 million reclassification of warranty costs that we had
previously incorrectly classified as selling, general, and
administrative expenses. It is also the result of
$0.1 million in additional depreciation charges resulting
from the restatement of property, plant, and equipment expense
for the year ended December 27, 2003 and preceding years in
order to properly capitalize interest expenditures made during
the construction of the assets. We identified interest
expenditures from the year ended December 30, 2000 through
the year ended December 25, 2004 that should have been, but
were not, capitalized into our property, plant, and equipment in
accordance with SFAS 34, Capitalization of Interest
Costs. This has resulted in restatements reducing our
interest expense and increasing our depreciation expense. The
$2.0 million restatement of cost of sales for the year
ended December 25, 2004 is primarily the result of a
$1.7 million charge to correct an understatement of our
F-28
warranty liability. We had not been properly reconciling or
reviewing our warranty liability, and we determined during the
quarter ended April 1, 2006 that we had not properly
included estimated warranty charges for products shipped during
the year ended December 25, 2004 that had defects known to
likely result in a significant level of warranty returns. We
also did not properly incorporate all the costs likely to be
associated with fulfilling our warranty obligations in the
estimate of this liability. In addition, we made a
$0.5 million adjustment for a intercompany profit
elimination for the inventory held by our German sale office
subsidiary and a $0.3 million correction of the amount of
labor and overhead included in the cost of our inventory. We
determined that we did not properly calculate labor and overhead
elements capitalized into our inventory during 2004. The
remaining $0.3 million are the offsetting entries for the
sales adjustments described above. We also reclassified
$(0.9) million of charges related to the planning of our
plant replication program for 2004 from cost of sales to its own
line in the operating expenses section of our statement of
operations. We determined that these costs were not direct or
indirect costs of manufacturing our products for sale, but
instead constituted
start-up type costs as
addressed in Statement of Position No. (SOP) 98-5,
Reporting on the Costs of
Start-up
Activities, by the Accounting Standards Executive Committee
(AcSEC) of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses. The
$1.1 million restatement of selling, general and
administrative expenses for the year ended December 27,
2003 is primarily due to a total of $3.0 million in
payments made during the year ended December 27, 2003 to
former members of First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC
for a settlement of claims, including matters subject to
on-going arbitration and pending litigation, had been
incorrectly reported as a repurchase of membership units. This
was partially offset by $1.4 million reclassification of
plant asset depreciation that we had previously incorrectly
classified with selling, general, and administrative expenses
and a $0.5 million reclassification of warranty costs that
were previously classified as selling, general, and
administrative expenses, to cost of sales.
The $0.2 million restatement of selling, general, and
administrative expenses for the year ended December 25,
2004 is the result of the reclassification of $0.1 million
of shipping costs that were not related to our inventory from
cost of sales to selling, general, and administrative expenses
and $(0.4) million to reverse the erroneous accrual of
costs for the reclamation and recycling of solar modules that we
sold during the year.
Interest expense. The $0.5 million and
$0.3 million restatements of interest expense for the years
ended December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004,
respectively, are the result of the capitalization of interest
expenditures made during the construction of property, plant,
and equipment.
Other income (expense), net. The $0.1 million
restatement of other income (expense), net for the year ended
December 25, 2004 is the result of reclassifying interest
income that had been netted against interest expense.
F-29
Consolidated balance sheet
The effects of our restatement adjustments on our consolidated
balance sheet at December 25, 2004 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 25, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
As Previously | |
|
|
|
|
Reported | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
As Restated | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
3,465 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
3,465 |
|
Marketable securities
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
306 |
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
Inventories
|
|
|
4,547 |
|
|
|
(861 |
) |
|
|
3,686 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
12,836 |
|
|
|
(555 |
) |
|
|
12,281 |
|
|
Property, plant, and equipment, net
|
|
|
28,090 |
|
|
|
1,187 |
|
|
|
29,277 |
|
Other noncurrent assets
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
(306 |
) |
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
41,439 |
|
|
$ |
326 |
|
|
$ |
41,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Members’/ Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
3,122 |
|
|
$ |
2,231 |
|
|
$ |
5,353 |
|
Accrued recycling
|
|
|
922 |
|
|
|
(922 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Note payable to a related party
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
8,700 |
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
Other noncurrent liabilities
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
17,744 |
|
|
|
1,380 |
|
|
|
19,124 |
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members’/stockholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Membership equity
|
|
|
144,033 |
|
|
|
19,420 |
|
|
|
163,453 |
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(120,117 |
) |
|
|
(20,509 |
) |
|
|
(140,626 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
(221 |
) |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
(186 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total members’/stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
23,695 |
|
|
|
(1,054 |
) |
|
|
22,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and members’/stockholders’ equity
|
|
$ |
41,439 |
|
|
$ |
326 |
|
|
$ |
41,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See note 10 for the effect of the adoption of
SFAS 123(R) on our previously reported consolidated
financial statements.
Marketable securities. The $0.3 million
restatement of marketable securities is the result of
reclassifying a certificate of deposit that had been incorrectly
considered a restricted asset.
Inventories. The $0.9 million restatement of
inventories is primarily the result of a $0.5 million
correction removing intercompany profit from the inventory held
by our German sales office subsidiary and a $0.3 million
correction of the amount of labor and overhead included in the
cost of our inventory.
Property, plant, and equipment. The
$1.2 million restatement of property, plant, and equipment
is the result of properly capitalizing interest expenditures
made during the construction of the assets in accordance with
SFAS 34, Capitalization of Interest Costs.
Accounts payable and accrued expenses. The
$2.2 million restatement of accounts payable and accrued
expenses is the result of the reclassification of
$0.5 million of warranty cost accruals from the accrued
recycling line on our consolidated balance sheet and the accrual
of $1.7 million in additional warranty liabilities.
Accrued recycling. The $0.9 million restatement
of accrued recycling is the result of $0.5 for the
reclassification of warranty cost accruals to accounts payable
and accrued expenses, $0.3 million to reverse the erroneous
accrual costs
F-30
for the reclamation and recycling of solar modules that we sold
during the year, and $0.1 million of environmental
remediation liabilities that we reclassified to other noncurrent
liabilities.
Total members’/stockholders’ equity. The
$1.1 million restatement of our total
members’/stockholders’ equity is the result of
$(0.5) million to properly capitalize interest expenditures
made during the construction of property, plant, and equipment
prior to the year ended December 27, 2003,
$(0.4) million for restatements made to our consolidated
statement of operations for the year ended December 27,
2003, and $2.0 million for restatements made to our
consolidated statement of operations for the year ended
December 25, 2004. We also increased membership equity and
accumulated deficit by $19.4 million to properly present in
our equity accounts the impact of intangible assets contributed
to First Solar US Manufacturing, LLC upon its formulation in
1999, which were subsequently written off or fully amortized
prior to the beginning of the year ended December 25, 2004.
|
|
Note 17. |
Subsequent Events (unaudited) |
On July 27, 2006, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH, a wholly
owned indirect subsidiary of First Solar, Inc., entered into a
credit facility agreement with a consortium of banks led by IKB
Deutsche Industriebank AG under which we can draw up to
€102.0 million
($122.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) to
fund costs of constructing our German plant. This credit
facility consists of a term loan of up to
€53.0 million
($63.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) and
a revolving credit facility of
€27.0 million
($32.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). The
facility also provides for a bridge loan, which we can draw
against to fund construction costs that we later expect to be
reimbursed through funding from the Federal Republic of Germany
under the Investment Grant Act of 2005
(“Investitionszulagen”), of up to
€22.0 million
($26.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00). We
can make drawdowns against the term loan and the bridge loan
until December 30, 2007, and we can make drawdowns against
the revolving credit facility until September 30, 2012. We
have incurred costs related to the credit facility totaling
$1.9 million as of September 15, 2006, which we will
recognize as interest expense over the time that borrowings are
outstanding under the credit facility. We also pay an annual
commitment fee of 0.6% of any amounts not drawn down on the
credit facility. At September 15, 2006, we had
€12.9 million
($15.5 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.
We must repay the term loan in twenty quarterly payments
beginning on March 31, 2008 and ending on December 30,
2012. We must repay the bridge loan with any funding we receive
from the Federal Republic of Germany under the Investment Grant
Act of 2005, but in any event, the bridge loan must be paid in
full by December 30, 2008. Once repaid, we may not draw
again against term loan or bridge loan facilities. The revolving
credit facility expires on and must be completely repaid by
December 30, 2012. In certain circumstances, we must also
use proceeds from fixed asset sales or insurance claims to make
additional principal payments, and during 2009 we will also be
required to make a one-time principal repayment equal to 20% of
any “surplus cash flow” of First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH during 2008. Surplus cash flow is a term defined in the
credit facility agreement that is approximately equal to cash
flow from operating activities, less required payments on
indebtedness.
We must pay interest at the annual rate of the Euro interbank
offered rate (Euribor) plus 1.6% on the term loan, Euribor plus
2.0% on the bridge loan, and Euribor plus 1.8% on the revolving
credit facility. Each time we make a draw against the term loan
or the bridge loan, we may choose to pay interest on that
drawdown every three or six months; each time we make a draw
against the revolving credit facility, we may choose to pay
interest on that drawdown every one, three, or six months. The
credit facility requires us to mitigate our interest rate risk
on the term loan by entering into pay-fixed, receive-floating
interest rate swaps covering at least 75% of the balance
outstanding under the loan.
The Federal Republic of Germany is guaranteeing 48% of our
combined borrowings on the term loan and revolving credit
facility and the State of Brandenburg is guaranteeing another
32%. We pay an annual fee, not to exceed
€0.5 million
($0.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) for
these guarantees. In addition, we must maintain a debt service
reserve of
€3.0 million
($3.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in a
restricted bank account, which the lenders may access if we are
unable to make required payments on the credit facility.
Substantially all of our assets in Germany, including the German
plant, have been pledged as collateral for the credit facility
and the government guarantees.
The credit facility contains various financial covenants with
which we must comply. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH’s cash
flow available for debt service must be at least 1.1 times its
required principal and interest payments for all its
liabilities, and the ratio of its total noncurrent liabilities
to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization may not exceed 3.0:1 from January 1, 2008
through December 31, 2008, 2.5:1 from January 1, 2009
through December 31, 2009, and 1.5:1 from January 1,
2010 through the remaining term of the credit facility.
F-31
The credit facility also contains various non-financial
covenants with which we must comply. We must submit various
financial reports, financial calculations and statistics,
operating statistics, and financial and business forecasts to
the lender. We must adequately insure our German operation, and
we may not change the type or scope of its business operations.
First Solar Manufacturing GmbH must maintain adequate accounting
and information technology systems. Also, First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH cannot open any bank accounts (other than
those required by the credit facility), enter into any financial
liabilities (other than intercompany obligations or those
liabilities required by the credit facility), sell any assets to
third parties outside the normal course of business, make any
loans or guarantees to third parties, or allow any of its assets
to be encumbered to the benefit of third parties without the
consent of the lenders and government guarantors.
Our ability to withdraw cash from First Solar Manufacturing GmbH
for use in other parts of our business is restricted while we
have outstanding obligations under the credit facility and
associated government guarantees. First Solar Manufacturing
GmbH’s cash flows from operations must generally be used
for the payment of loan interest, fees, and principal before any
remainder can be used to pay intercompany charges, loans, or
dividends. Furthermore, First Solar Manufacturing GmbH generally
cannot make any payments to affiliates if doing so would cause
its cash flow available for debt service to fall below
1.3 times its required principal and interest payments for
all its liabilities for any one year period or cause the amount
of its equity to fall below 30% of the amount of its total
assets. First Solar Manufacturing GmbH also cannot pay
commissions of greater than 2% to First Solar affiliates that
sell or distribute its products. Also, we may be required under
certain circumstances to contribute more funds to First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH, such as if project-related costs exceed our
plan, we do not recover the expected amounts from governmental
investment subsidies, or all or part of the government
guarantees are withdrawn. If there is a decline in the value of
the assets pledged as collateral for the credit facility, we may
also be required to pledge additional assets as collateral.
We are eligible to receive economic development funding from
various German governmental entities, including grants for the
construction of a manufacturing plant in the State of
Brandenburg, Germany. We will invest approximately
€117.0 million
($140.4 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
the construction of this plant.
On July 26, 2006, we were approved to receive taxable
investment incentives
(“Investitionszuschuesse”) of approximately
€21.5 million
($25.8 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) from
the State of Brandenburg, Germany. These funds will reimburse us
for certain costs we will incur building our plant in
Frankfurt/Oder, Germany, including costs for the construction of
buildings and the purchase of machinery and equipment. Receipt
of these incentives is conditional upon the State of
Brandenburg, Germany having sufficient funds allocated to this
program to pay the reimbursements we claim. In addition, we are
required to operate our facility for a minimum of five years and
employ a specified number of employees during this period. We
expect to recover approximately
€18.2 million
($21.8 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
fiscal 2006 and
€3.3 million
($4.0 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) in
fiscal 2007. Our incentive approval expires on December 31,
2009. As of September 15, 2006, we had received
€6.4 million
($7.7 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00)
under this program.
We are eligible to recover up to approximately
€23.8 million
($28.6 million at an assumed exchange rate of
$1.20/€1.00) of
expenditures related to the construction of our plant in
Frankfurt/Oder, Germany under the German Investment Grant Act of
2005 (“Investitionszulagen”). This Act permits
us to claim tax-exempt reimbursements for certain costs we will
incur building our plant in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany, including
costs for the construction of buildings and the purchase of
machinery and equipment. Tangible assets subsidized under this
program have to remain in the region for at least 5 years.
We plan to claim reimbursement under the Act in conjunction with
the filing of our tax returns with the local German tax office.
Therefore we do not expect to receive funding from this program
until we file our annual tax return for fiscal 2006 in 2007. In
addition, this program expires on December 31, 2006, and we
can claim only reimbursement for investments completed by this
date. We expect to have the majority of our buildings and
structures and a portion of our investment in machinery and
equipment completed by this date. As of September 15, 2006,
we had not received any funds under this program.
During July 2006, we entered into a loan agreement, which we
amended and restated on August 7, 2006, with the Estate of
John T. Walton, an affiliate of our majority shareholder, under
which we can draw up to $34.0 million. Interest is payable
monthly at the annual rate of the commercial prime lending rate;
principal payments are due at the earlier of January 2008 or the
completion of an initial public offering of our stock. This loan
does not have any collateral requirements. As a condition of
obtaining this loan, we were required to use a portion of the
proceeds to repay the principal of our loan from Kingston
Properties, LLC. Therefore, during July 2006, we drew
$26.0 million against this loan, $8.7 million of which
we used to repay the Kingston Properties, LLC note.
F-32
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13 OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the expenses payable by the
Registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of
the common stock being registered hereby. All of such expenses
are estimates, other than the filing and quotation fees payable
to the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and The Nasdaq Global
Market.
|
|
|
|
|
SEC Registration Fee
|
|
$ |
26,750 |
|
Printing and Engraving Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
Legal Fees and Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
Accounting Fees and Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer Agent and Registrar Fees and Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
The Nasdaq Global Market Listing Fees
|
|
|
|
|
NASD Filing Fee
|
|
|
25,500 |
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ITEM 14 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware.
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware (the “Delaware Law”) provides that a Delaware
corporation may indemnify any persons who were, are, or are
threatened to be made, parties to any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in
the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such
person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including
attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in
connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided that
such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
corporation’s best interests and, for any criminal action
or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her
conduct was unlawful.
A Delaware corporation may indemnify officers and directors
against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) in connection
with the defense or settlement of an action by or in the right
of the corporation under the same conditions, except that no
indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the
officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the corporation.
Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or
otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the
corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses which
such officer or director actually and reasonably incurred. We
plan to enter into Indemnification Agreements with our officers
and directors prior to the effectiveness of this registration
statement.
In accordance with Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware Law,
the Amended Certificate of Incorporation of First Solar, Inc.
(the “Company”) contains a provision to limit the
personal liability of the directors of the Company to the
fullest extent permitted by law. This provision eliminates each
director’s liability to the Company or its stockholders for
monetary damages except (i) for any breach of the
director’s duty of loyalty to the Company or its
stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation
of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware Law
providing for liability of directors for unlawful payment of
dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions or
(iv) for any transaction from which a director derived an
improper personal benefit. In addition, our bylaws provide for
indemnification of directors, officers, employees and agents to
the fullest extent permitted by Delaware Law and authorizes the
Company to purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and
any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or
another business entity against any expense, liability or loss,
regardless of whether the Company would have the power to
indemnify such person under the Company’s bylaws or
Delaware Law. The Company maintains directors and officers
liability insurance, which covers directors and officers against
certain claims or liabilities arising out of the performance of
their duties.
The underwriting agreement with the underwriters will provide
for the indemnification of the directors and officers of the
Company who sign this registration statement and certain
controlling persons against specified liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
II-1
ITEM 15 RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
During the past three years, we have issued unregistered
securities to a limited number of persons, as described below.
None of these transactions involved any underwriters or any
public offerings and we believe that each of these transactions
was exempt from registration requirements pursuant to
Section 3(a)(9) or Section 4(2) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, Regulation D promulgated thereunder,
Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or
Rule 701 of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to
compensatory benefit plans and contracts related to compensation
as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of the
securities in these transactions represented their intention to
acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view
to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and
appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and
instruments issued in these transactions.
From December 2003 through February 2005, the registrant issued
options to purchase a total of 634,703 shares of its common
stock with an exercise price of $10 per share to directors,
officers and key employees pursuant to its 2003 Unit Option
Plan. In each case, no consideration was paid to the registrant
by any recipient of any of the foregoing options for the grant
of such options. The transactions were conducted in reliance
upon the available exemptions from the registration requirements
of the Securities Act, including those contained in
Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b), which relates
to exemptions for offers and sales of securities pursuant to
certain compensatory benefit plans.
From February 2005 through October 2005, the registrant issued
options to purchase a total of 499,751 shares of its common
stock with an exercise price of $21 per share to directors,
officers and key employees pursuant to its 2003 Unit Option
Plan. In each case, no consideration was paid to the registrant
by any recipient of any of the foregoing options for the grant
of such options. The transactions were conducted in reliance
upon the available exemptions from the registration requirements
of the Securities Act, including those contained in
Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b), which relates
to exemptions for offers and sales of securities pursuant to
certain compensatory benefit plans.
During December 2005, the registrant issued options to purchase
a total of 65,000 shares of its common stock with an
exercise price of $22 per share to directors, officers and
key employees pursuant to its 2003 Unit Option Plan. In each
case, no consideration was paid to the registrant by any
recipient of any of the foregoing options for the grant of such
options. The transactions were conducted in reliance upon the
available exemptions from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act, including those contained in Rule 701
promulgated under Section 3(b), which relates to exemptions
for offers and sales of securities pursuant to certain
compensatory benefit plans.
From December 2003 through October 2004, the registrant issued
an aggregate total of 8,565,000 shares of its common stock
to JWMA Holdings, LLC, an “accredited investor” within
the meaning of Rule 501 of the Securities Act, at a price
of $10.00 per share. The transactions were conducted in
reliance upon the available exemptions from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act, including those contained in
Section 4(2). From March 2005 through February 2006, the
registrant issued an aggregate total of 2,121,045 shares of
its common stock to JWMA Holdings, LLC, an accredited investor,
at a price of $22.00 per share. The transactions were
conducted in reliance upon the available exemptions from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act, including those
contained in Section 4(2).
Upon our change in corporate organization on February 22,
2006, we issued an aggregate of 10,686,045 shares of common
stock to holders of our membership units, each of which was an
accredited investor, in exchange for the contribution to us of
all such membership units. In each case, these transactions were
conducted in reliance upon the available exemptions from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act, including those
contained in Section 4(2).
Also upon our change in corporate organization on
February 22, 2006, our unit options became
1,081,751 share options on a one-for-one basis. The
transactions were conducted in reliance upon the available
exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act, including those contained in Rule 701 promulgated
under Section 3(b), which relates to exemptions for offers
and sales of securities pursuant to certain compensatory benefit
plans.
On February 22, 2006, we issued $74 million aggregate
principal amount of convertible senior subordinated notes due
February 22, 2011 to Goldman, Sachs & Co. On
May 10, 2006, Goldman, Sachs & Co. converted all
of the convertible senior subordinated notes into
878,651 shares of common stock and is now a stockholder.
These transactions were conducted in reliance upon the available
exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act, including those contained in Section 4(2).
II-2
ITEM 16 EXHIBITS
Exhibits
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit Number |
|
Description of Document |
|
|
|
|
1 |
.1* |
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement |
|
3 |
.1* |
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of First
Solar, Inc. |
|
3 |
.2* |
|
By-Laws of First Solar, Inc. |
|
4 |
.1* |
|
Form of Certificate of First Solar, Inc. Common Stock |
|
4 |
.2** |
|
Loan Agreement dated December 1, 2003, among First Solar US
Manufacturing, LLC, First Solar Property, LLC and the Director
of Development of the State of Ohio |
|
4 |
.3** |
|
Loan Agreement dated July 1, 2005, among First Solar US
Manufacturing, LLC, First Solar Property, LLC and the Director
of Development of the State of Ohio |
|
4 |
.4** |
|
Promissory Note dated September 30, 2005 |
|
4 |
.5** |
|
Promissory Note dated January 30, 2006 |
|
4 |
.6** |
|
Promissory Note dated February 3, 2006 |
|
4 |
.7** |
|
Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated August 7, 2006,
between First Solar, Inc. and the Estate of John T. Walton |
|
4 |
.8** |
|
Cognovit Term Note dated May 14, 2003, between First Solar
Property, LLC and Kingston Properties, LLC |
|
4 |
.9** |
|
Form of Convertible Senior Subordinated Note due 2011 |
|
4 |
.10** |
|
Registration Rights Agreement dated February 22, 2005,
between First Solar, Inc. and Goldman, Sachs & Co. |
|
4 |
.11** |
|
Facility Agreement dated July 27, 2006, between First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH, subject to the joint and several liability
of First Solar Holdings GmbH and First Solar GmbH, and IKB
Deutsche Industriebank AG |
|
4 |
.12** |
|
Addendum No. 1 to the Facility Agreement dated
July 27, 2006, between First Solar Manufacturing GmbH,
subject to the joint and several liability of First Solar
Holdings GmbH and First Solar GmbH, and IKB Deutsche
Industriebank AG |
|
4 |
.13** |
|
Demand Note dated July 26, 2005 |
|
4 |
.14** |
|
2003 Unit Option Plan |
|
4 |
.15** |
|
Form of 2003 Unit Option Plan Agreement |
|
4 |
.16 |
|
Waiver Letter dated June 5, 2006, from the Director of
Development of the State of Ohio |
|
4 |
.17* |
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement between First Solar, Inc.,
JWMA Partners, LLC, the Estate of John T. Walton,
JCL Holdings, LLC and Michael J. Ahearn |
|
5 |
.1* |
|
Opinion of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP |
|
10 |
.1† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated April 10, 2006, between First Solar GmbH and
Blitzstrom GmbH |
|
10 |
.2† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated April 11, 2006, between First Solar GmbH and Conergy
AG |
|
10 |
.3† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated April 5, 2006, between First Solar GmbH and
Gehrlicher Umweltschonende Energiesysteme GmbH |
|
10 |
.4† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated April 9, 2006, among First Solar GmbH, Juwi Holding
AG, JuWi Handels Verwaltungs GmbH & Co KG and juwi
solar GmbH |
|
10 |
.5† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated March 30, 2006, between First Solar GmbH and
Phönix Sonnenstrom AG |
|
10 |
.6† |
|
Framework Agreement on the Sale and Purchase of Solar Modules
dated April 7, 2006, between First Solar GmbH and Reinecke
+ Pohl Sun Energy AG |
|
10 |
.7** |
|
Guarantee Agreement between Michael J. Ahearn and IKB Deutsche
Industriebank AG |
|
10 |
.8** |
|
Consulting Agreement with James F. Nolan |
|
10 |
.9 |
|
Grant Decision dated July 26, 2006, between First Solar
Manufacturing GmbH and InvestitionsBank des Landes Brandenburg |
|
21 |
.1** |
|
List of Subsidiaries of First Solar, Inc. |
|
23 |
.1* |
|
Consent of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (included in
Exhibit 5.1) |
|
23 |
.2 |
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered
public accounting firm |
|
24 |
.1** |
|
Powers of Attorney of the directors and officers of the
registrant |
|
99 |
.1** |
|
Consent of J. Thomas Presby |
|
|
* |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
|
|
** |
Previously filed. |
|
|
|
† |
Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions
that are omitted in the copy of the exhibit electronically filed
with the SEC. The omitted information has been filed separately
with the SEC pursuant to our application for confidential
treatment. |
|
II-3
ITEM 17 UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the
underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting
agreements certificates in such denominations and registered in
such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers
and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission this indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. If a
claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a
director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
|
|
|
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities
Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as
of the time it was declared effective. |
|
|
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and this offering of these securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the
Securities Act to any purchaser, if the registrant is subject to
Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to
Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to
an offering, other than registration statements relying on
Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on
Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in
the registration statement as of the date that it is first used
after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made
in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of a
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement
or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will,
as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such
first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in
the registration statement or a prospectus that was part of the
registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such date of first use.
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant
under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial
distribution of the securities, in a primary offering of
securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this
registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method
used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities
are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the
following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a
seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell
such securities to such purchaser:
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(i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the
undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be
filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
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(ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering
prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used
or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
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(iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus
relating to the offering, containing material information about
the undersigned registrant or its securities, provided by or on
behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
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(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the
offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
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II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, the registrant has duly caused this Amendment
No. 3 to the Registration Statement to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in Phoenix,
Arizona on October 10, 2006.
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Name: Jens Meyerhoff |
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Title: Chief Financial Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, this Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement
has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities
and on the date indicated.
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Signature |
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Title |
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Date |
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Michael
J. Ahearn |
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal
Executive Officer) |
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October 10, 2006 |
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*
Jens
Meyerhoff |
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Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Principal
Accounting Officer) |
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October 10, 2006 |
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*
James
F. Nolan |
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Director |
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October 10, 2006 |
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*
Bruce
Sohn |
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Director |
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October 10, 2006 |
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*
Michael
Sweeney |
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Director |
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October 10, 2006 |
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*By: |
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/s/ JENS MEYERHOFF
Jens
Meyerhoff
Attorney-in-Fact |
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II-5