S-1/A
1
ds1a.txt
AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO FORM S-1
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 10, 2001
Registration No. 333-70888
Registration No. 333-70888-01
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New Jersey 6719 22-3703799
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL CAPITAL TRUST I
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 6719 22-6899432
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)
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751 Broad Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102
(973) 802-6000
(Address, including Zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrant's principal executive offices)
John M. Liftin, Esq.
General Counsel
Prudential Financial, Inc.
751 Broad Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102
(973) 802-6000
(Name, address, including Zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
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Copies to:
Andrew S. Rowen, Esq. Alan L. Beller, Esq.
Donald C. Walkovik, Esq. Yong G. Lee, Esq.
Sullivan & Cromwell Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
125 Broad Street One Liberty Plaza
New York, New York 10004 New York, New York 10006
(212) 558-4000 (212) 225-2000
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
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If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. [_]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and
list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If the delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule
434 under the Securities Act, check the following box. [_]
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
===============================================================================
Proposed Maximum Amount of
Title of Each Class Aggregate Registration
of Securities to Be Registered Offering Price(7)(8) Fee
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Equity Security Units...................... $575,000,000 $143,750(9)
Debentures of Prudential Financial,
Inc.(1)................................... -- --
Redeemable Capital Securities of Prudential
Financial Capital Trust I(2).............. -- --
Common Stock ($0.01 par value per
share)(3)(4).............................. $575,000,000 $143,750(9)
Stock Purchase Contracts(5)................ -- --
Prudential Financial, Inc. Guarantee with
respect to Redeemable Capital
Securities(6)............................. -- --
===============================================================================
(1) Up to $575,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Debentures of
Prudential Financial, Inc. may be issued and sold by Prudential Financial,
Inc. to Prudential Financial Capital Trust I in connection with the
issuance by the trust of up to 11,500,000 of its Redeemable Capital
Securities. The Debentures may be distributed, under certain
circumstances, to the holders of the Redeemable Capital Securities for no
additional consideration.
(2) The Redeemable Capital Securities of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I
are offered as a component of the Equity Security Units for no additional
consideration.
(3) Shares of Common Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. may be issued to the
holders of Equity Security Units upon settlement or termination of the
Stock Purchase Contracts, for a purchase price of $50 per unit. The actual
number of shares of Common Stock to be issued will not be determined until
the date of settlement or termination of the related Stock Purchase
Contract.
(4) Each share of Common Stock includes one Shareholder Protection Right as
described under "Description of Capital Stock".
(5) The Stock Purchase Contracts are offered as a component of the Equity
Security Units for no additional consideration.
(6) No separate consideration will be received for the Prudential Financial,
Inc. Guarantee.
(7) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in
accordance with Rule 457(n) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(8) Exclusive of accrued interest, distributions and dividends, if any.
(9) Previously paid.
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The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this
Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with
Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting
pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
===============================================================================
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be +
+changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement +
+filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This +
+preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to +
+buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not +
+permitted. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Subject to Completion. Dated December 10, 2001.
[LOGO] Prudential Financial
10,000,000 Units
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I
% Equity Security Units
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This is an initial public offering of equity security units of Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Each equity security unit has a stated amount of $50 and will initially
consist of
. a contract to purchase, for $50, shares of Common Stock of Prudential
Financial, Inc. on , 2004; and
. a redeemable capital security of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I with
a stated liquidation amount of $50.
The redeemable capital security will initially be pledged to secure your
obligation to purchase Common Stock under the related purchase contract. The
capital security is redeemable by Prudential Financial Capital Trust I for cash
only after approximately five years as described in this prospectus (and for
this reason is referred to as redeemable).
We will make quarterly contract fee payments to you under the purchase
contract at the annual rate of % of the stated amount of $50 per purchase
contract. In addition, you will receive quarterly distributions on the
redeemable capital security at the annual rate of % of the stated liquidation
amount of $50 per redeemable capital security. We have the right to defer the
contract fee payments and the distributions on the redeemable capital
securities, as described in this prospectus. The distribution rate on the
redeemable capital securities will be reset, and the redeemable capital
securities remarketed, as described in this prospectus.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will, on a senior and unsecured basis, irrevocably
guarantee payments on the redeemable capital securities to the extent of
available trust funds.
Prior to this offering and the concurrent initial public offering of Common
Stock, there has been no public market for the units or Common Stock. We intend
to list the units on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PFA". We
also intend to list the Common Stock that we will issue in the concurrent
public offering on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PRU".
In addition to these offered units, we will make an initial public offering
of 110,000,000 shares of Common Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. We are
offering the shares of Common Stock in connection with the reorganization of
The Prudential Insurance Company of America from a mutual life insurance
company owned by its policyholders to a stock life insurance company that will
be a wholly owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. in a process known
as a demutualization. To the extent the underwriters sell more than 110,000,000
shares of Common Stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an
additional 16,500,000 shares from Prudential Financial, Inc. at the initial
public offering price less the underwriting discount.
We will also issue an estimated 456,300,000 shares of Common Stock of
Prudential Financial, Inc. to policyholders of The Prudential Insurance Company
of America and some of its subsidiaries as part of the demutualization. In
addition, we plan to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of Class B Stock to
institutional investors in a private placement. The closing of this offering is
subject to the completion of the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America, the initial public offering of Common Stock and the private
placement of the Class B Stock.
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 34 to read about certain factors you
should consider before buying units.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body
has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or
adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
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Per
Unit Total
---- -----
Initial public offering price........................................ $ $
Underwriting discount................................................ $ $
Proceeds, before expenses, to Prudential Financial, Inc.............. $ $
The initial public offering price set forth above does not include
accumulated distributions, if any. Contract fee payments on the purchase
contracts and distributions on the redeemable capital securities will accrue
from the date of original issuance of the units, expected to be , 2001.
To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 10,000,000 units, the
underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 1,500,000 units
from Prudential Financial, Inc. at the initial public offering price less the
underwriting discount.
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The underwriters expect to deliver the units in book-entry form only through
the facilities of The Depository Trust Company against payment in New York, New
York, on , 2001.
Goldman, Sachs & Co. Prudential Securities
Credit Suisse First Boston
Deutsche Banc Alex. Brown
Lehman Brothers
Merrill Lynch & Co.
Morgan Stanley
Salomon Smith Barney
The Williams Capital Group, L.P.
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Prospectus dated , 2001.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
We currently conduct our business through The Prudential Insurance Company of
America and its subsidiaries. In connection with the demutualization,
Prudential Financial, Inc. will become the ultimate holding company for all of
our companies. "Prudential", "we", "us", and "our" refer to our consolidated
operations before and after demutualization. "The Prudential Insurance Company
of America" also refers to its stock life insurance company successor upon
completion of the demutualization.
We have included a glossary of insurance and other terms commencing on page
G-1. These terms are printed in boldface type the first time they appear in
this prospectus summary and the first time they appear after the prospectus
summary.
Information regarding the number of shares of Prudential Financial, Inc.
Common Stock to be outstanding after this offering of the units, the concurrent
initial public offering of Common Stock and the concurrent distribution of
Common Stock to the policyholders of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America does not include shares of Common Stock issuable upon the settlement of
the purchase contracts that are a part of the units offered by this prospectus.
References to the capital stock and the Common Stock of Prudential Financial,
Inc. in this prospectus do not include shares of its Class B Stock.
Prudential
We are one of the largest financial services institutions in the United
States. We provide a wide range of insurance, investment management and other
financial products and services and have more than 15 million individual and
institutional customers in the United States and over 30 foreign countries.
We have a leading or significant market presence in most of the markets we
serve. The Prudential name and "Rock" logo are among the most widely recognized
in the United States.
At September 30, 2001, we had $22.1 billion in total equity and $295.7
billion in total assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2001, our
total revenues were $20.4 billion and our net income was $352 million, and for
the year ended December 31, 2000, our total revenues were $26.5 billion and our
net income was $398 million. As of September 30, 2001, we had
. total assets under management and administration of $564.2 billion,
consisting of:
. total assets under management (including assets in our general and
separate accounts) of approximately $373.3 billion, and
. additional assets in securities brokerage and bank custodial accounts
and other assets under administration of $190.9 billion,
. total gross life insurance in force in the United States of $1.3
trillion (including individual and group insurance), and
. total gross life insurance in force in Japan and other countries outside
the United States of $457.8 billion (including individual and group
insurance).
At December 31, 2000 (the latest date for which information is available), we
had the second largest individual life insurance business in the United States
in terms of statutory net written premiums and were the second largest U.S.
life insurer in terms of total gross life insurance in force in the United
States according to A.M. Best.
We have one of the largest distribution forces in the financial services
industry, with approximately 21,900 sales people worldwide at September 30,
2001, including approximately
. 4,900 Prudential Agents, who are insurance agents in our insurance
operations in the United States,
. 4,000 Life Planners and 6,600 Gibraltar Life Advisors, who are insurance
agents in our insurance operations outside the United States, and
. 6,400 domestic and international Financial Advisors, who are financial
advisors and securities brokers in our Prudential Securities operations.
1
Business Divisions and Segments
We conduct our principal businesses through four divisions: U.S. Consumer,
Employee Benefits, International and Asset Management. We also conduct other
activities in Corporate and Other operations. We refer to the businesses that
comprise our four operating divisions and our Corporate and Other operations,
collectively, as our "Financial Services Businesses". We also have a
Traditional Participating Products segment primarily composed of our domestic
participating products. We will cease offering these participating products in
connection with the demutualization.
Financial Services Businesses
U.S. Consumer Division. Our U.S. Consumer division consists of four segments:
Individual Life Insurance, Private Client Group, Retail Investments and
Property and Casualty Insurance.
Our Individual Life Insurance segment manufactures and distributes variable
life, term life and other non-participating life insurance protection products
to the U.S. retail market and distributes investment and protection products
for our other segments.
. As of June 30, 2001, we were the largest U.S. variable life insurer
according to Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, with $15.4 billion of variable
life insurance assets, representing a market share of 20%.
. For the six months ended June 30, 2001, we were the seventh largest
seller of individual variable life insurance and the ninth largest seller
of individual term life insurance, including participating term life
policies, in the United States, in terms of new annualized premiums
according to LIMRA.
We distribute our individual life insurance products in the United States
primarily through our Prudential Agents. Increasingly, we also distribute
individual life insurance domestically through PruSelect, which targets the
affluent and, more recently, the mass affluent markets, through third-party
distribution channels. In 2000, our PruSelect channel accounted for 33% of our
total domestic individual life insurance sales, including traditional
participating policies, as measured by statutory first year premiums and
deposits, up from 12% in 1996.
Our Private Client Group segment provides full service securities brokerage
and financial advisory services to U.S. retail customers through our Financial
Advisors. At December 31, 2000, Prudential Securities, with approximately 5,900
domestic Financial Advisors, was the eighth largest securities brokerage firm
in the United States based on the number of retail registered representatives
according to the Securities Industry Association. At September 30, 2001, we had
approximately 5,600 domestic Financial Advisors.
Our Retail Investments segment provides mutual funds, variable and fixed
annuities and wrap-fee products to U.S. retail customers. At June 30, 2001, we
were the seventh largest mutual fund wrap provider based on market share
according to Cerulli Associates, Inc., and the 24th largest mutual fund
management company in the United States in terms of assets under management
according to the Investment Company Institute. Our Retail Investments segment
distributes primarily through our Financial Advisors and Prudential Agents and
through third-party channels.
Our Property and Casualty Insurance segment manufactures and distributes
personal lines property and casualty insurance products, principally automobile
and homeowners insurance, to the U.S. retail market. We distribute these
products through our Prudential Agents and through alternative distribution
channels.
Employee Benefits Division. Our Employee Benefits division, currently known
in the marketplace as Prudential Institutional, consists of two segments: Group
Insurance and Other Employee Benefits. Our Group Insurance segment manufactures
and distributes group life, disability and related insurance products in
connection with employee and member benefit plans. For the six months ended
June 30, 2001, we were the second largest seller of group life insurance in the
United States based on new sales according to LIMRA. The principal sales
channel for our group life and disability insurance is our institutional sales
force, which distributes through the independent broker and consultant market.
Our Other Employee Benefits segment provides products and services for defined
contribution and other retirement plans as well as guaranteed investment
contracts and group annuities. We distribute employee benefits products
primarily through our own specialized institutional sales forces, third-party
distributors and Financial Advisors. At December 31, 2000, we were the second
largest provider of relocation services to employers according to Relocation
Information Service Incorporated. We also market real estate brokerage
franchises to regional and local real estate brokers.
2
International Division. Our International division consists of two segments:
International Insurance and International Securities and Investments. Our
International Insurance segment manufactures and distributes individual life
insurance products through approximately 4,000 Life Planners to affluent
markets in Japan, Korea and six other Asian, Latin American and European
countries. In Japan, which, according to Moody's, has the largest insurance
market of any country in the world based on total premium income as a
percentage of the gross domestic product, we ranked second based on absolute
growth in Japanese yen of life insurance in force in 2000. In April 2001, we
completed the acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co., Ltd., a financially
troubled Japanese life insurer now renamed "Gibraltar Life Insurance Company,
Ltd.", following reorganization proceedings which substantially restructured
its assets and liabilities. Gibraltar Life's financial results from April 2,
2001 to August 31, 2001 are included in our consolidated financial results as
of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. Our initial investment in
Gibraltar Life totaled approximately $1.2 billion. Gibraltar Life manufactures
and distributes individual life insurance products through approximately 6,600
Life Advisors. Within our International Securities and Investments segment we
provide full service securities brokerage, asset management and financial
advisory services to retail and institutional clients outside the United
States, primarily through approximately 640 international Financial Advisors.
Asset Management Division. Our Asset Management division consists of two
segments: Investment Management and Advisory Services and Other Asset
Management. The Investment Management and Advisory Services segment provides
asset management products and services to unaffiliated institutional clients as
well as management services for assets supporting products offered by our other
businesses. At September 30, 2001, this segment managed approximately $288
billion of our $373 billion of total assets under management, as follows:
. $93 billion of retail customer assets, including mutual funds and
variable insurance and variable annuity products,
. $85 billion of institutional customer assets, and
. $110 billion of general account assets.
The Other Asset Management segment engages in equity securities sales and
trading, investment research, investment activities and syndications.
Corporate and Other Operations. Corporate and Other operations includes
corporate-level activities, including investment activities and international
ventures that we do not allocate to our business segments.
During the last five years, we have divested or stopped pursuing a number of
under-performing businesses, including healthcare, reinsurance, commercial
insurance and home mortgage businesses. Additionally, we restructured the
capital markets activities of Prudential Securities, exiting its lead-managed
equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income
businesses. Corporate and Other operations also include these divested and
wind-down businesses, except for our divested healthcare business, which is
treated as a discontinued operation.
Traditional Participating Products
As a mutual insurance company, we issued most of our individual life
insurance products on a "participating" basis, whereby policyholders are
eligible to receive policyholder dividends reflecting experience. These life
insurance products have historically been included in our Traditional
Participating Products segment. In connection with the demutualization, we will
cease offering domestic participating products. The liabilities for our
individual in force participating products will then be segregated, together
with assets which will be used exclusively for the payment of benefits and
policyholder dividends, expenses and taxes with respect to these products, in a
regulatory mechanism referred to as the "Closed Block". We have selected the
amount and type of Closed Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities included in
the Closed Block so that the Closed Block Assets initially will have a lower
book value than the Closed Block Liabilities. We expect that the Closed Block
Assets will generate sufficient cash flow, together with anticipated revenues
from the Closed Block policies, over the life of the Closed Block to fund
payments of all expenses, taxes and policyholder benefits to be paid to, and
the reasonable dividend expectations of, policyholders of the Closed Block
products. We also will segregate, for accounting purposes, the Surplus and
Related Assets that we will need to hold outside the Closed Block to meet
capital requirements related to the products included within the Closed Block.
No policies sold after
3
demutualization will be added to the Closed Block and its in force business is
expected to ultimately decline as we pay policyholder benefits in full. We
expect the proportion of our business represented by the Closed Block to
decline as we grow other businesses. A minor portion of our Traditional
Participating Products segment has consisted of other traditional insurance
products that will not be included in the Closed Block.
Historically, the participating products to be included in the Closed Block,
as well as the other products included in the Traditional Participating
Products segment, have yielded lower returns on capital invested than many of
our other businesses. The separation, for segment reporting purposes, of the
Traditional Participating Products segment from our Financial Services
Businesses permits us to better identify the results of these businesses.
However, the relatively lower returns to us on traditional participating
products will continue to affect our consolidated results of operations for
many years.
As discussed below, concurrent with this offering and the initial public
offering of Common Stock, we plan to issue, in a private placement, shares of
Class B Stock that will be designed to reflect the performance of our
participating products to be included in the Closed Block and other related
assets and liabilities. Following such issuance, we will refer to this business
as the "Closed Block Business". The Common Stock issued in the initial public
offering and issuable under the purchase contracts offered as a part of the
units is expected to reflect the performance of our Financial Services
Businesses, which will include the capital previously included in the
Traditional Participating Products segment in excess of the amount necessary to
support the Closed Block Business. The Financial Services Businesses will also
include other traditional insurance products previously included in the
Traditional Participating Products segment but which will not be included in
the Closed Block.
Strategy
Our goal is to be a worldwide financial services leader in both the growth
and protection of our clients' assets. We seek to achieve this goal by
providing our customers with the advice and information that they seek through
the distribution options of their choice, offering investment and insurance
products supported by excellent service. We seek to achieve this goal through
the following strategies:
. Build on our brand name and leading market positions. We have been in
business for over 125 years, and the Prudential name and "Rock" logo are
among the most widely recognized in the United States. Our "Rock" logo
has long been associated with trust and financial strength. We believe
that our brand will continue to be a significant competitive advantage in
an increasingly crowded financial services marketplace. In the United
States, we are among the most diversified organizations in the financial
services industry, with leading or significant positions in life
insurance, annuities, securities brokerage, mutual funds, 401(k) plan
products, asset management and residential real estate brokerage
franchise and relocation services. We have built a customer base of over
11 million households in the United States, or one in every 10 U.S.
households. We will continue to focus aggressively on customer service
and retention as we attempt to maximize the value of our customer base.
In addition, we have in excess of 24,000 institutional relationships and
over one million international retail customers.
. Grow our U.S. retail mass affluent customer base. Our customer base
includes approximately 3.6 million U.S. retail households with incomes or
investable assets in excess of $100,000. We believe that the mass
affluent market offers the best opportunity for growth in revenues and
profit margins and we seek to expand our presence in the "mass affluent"
market, which we define as households with incomes or investable assets
between $100,000 and $250,000, as well as in the emerging affluent and
pre-retirement markets. We have taken several steps to improve the
quality of services provided to the mass affluent market by our
Prudential Agent and Financial Advisor distribution system. First, we are
targeting new hires for our Prudential Agent force with college
educations and prior experience and are enhancing the training and
product choices available to them. Second, we have increased the
productivity standards for our Prudential Agents several times in the
past few years. The actions we have taken to improve the quality and
productivity of our Prudential Agent force have resulted in a reduction
in the size of the agency force. In 2001, we have again increased the
productivity standards. Third, we have begun to transition our Prudential
Agents from a transaction focus using proprietary products to meet our
customers' financial needs to an approach of offering advice on an array
of products manufactured by Prudential as well as other companies. This
advice-based approach enables our customers to make more
4
informed decisions about investment and insurance choices. We also have
begun to transition our Financial Advisors from a transaction focus to an
approach emphasizing fee-based financial advisory services to better meet
the needs of the mass affluent market.
The productivity of our Prudential Agents, as measured by average
commissions on new sales of all products by agents employed the entire
year, has increased 86% from $18,700 in 1996 to $34,700 in 2000. The
productivity of our domestic Financial Advisors, as measured by gross
revenues, has increased 26% from $319,000 in 1996 to $401,000 in 2000.
Productivity on an annualized basis declined during the first nine months
of 2001 to $29,480 from $30,320 for the first nine months of 2000 for our
Prudential Agents and to $338,000 from $412,000 for the first nine months
of 2000 for our domestic Financial Advisors, due in large part to the
slowdown of the economy and the decline of the stock market.
. Improve the profitability of our existing U.S. consumer franchise. In
addition to our affluent and mass affluent customers, we have an existing
customer base of nearly eight million U.S. households which we refer to
as the "mass market". We seek to improve the profitability of this
customer base by reducing the cost of our operations infrastructure.
. Expand distribution channels to meet customer needs. In addition to our
Prudential sales forces, we are expanding our distribution channels to
allow U.S. retail customers to access us through the distribution methods
of their choice. Our distribution platform now includes multiple points
of access including independent financial advisors, affinity programs,
workplace marketing and the Internet. PruSelect, our third-party
distribution channel, which has historically focused on serving the
intermediaries who provide insurance solutions in support of estate and
wealth transfer planning for affluent individuals, is expanding its focus
to include mass affluent individuals in addition to affluent individuals.
We have begun to establish additional third-party channels for life
insurance products, including broker-dealers and independent producers.
We sell our retail investment products such as mutual funds, annuities
and wrap-fee products through third-party intermediaries, including
national and regional broker-dealers and independent financial advisors.
Net sales of investment products, other than money market funds, through
this channel totaled $2.0 billion in the first nine months of 2001. We
also seek to expand distribution of our retail investment products and
investment management capabilities by participating in other companies'
multi-manager investment platforms. We have invested in workplace/payroll
deduction models with our minority investment in an Internet-based
employee benefits broker.
Prudential Securities was one of the first full-service brokerage firms
to develop and offer electronic choices in connection with full-service
brokerage accounts. We believe that Internet technology and electronic
commerce will continue to provide us with new and more efficient ways to
communicate with and distribute products to our customers.
. Continue profitable growth of our international operations. We believe
that many of our best opportunities for growth lie outside of the United
States. We have a well-established international presence with a client
base in excess of one million individuals.
The compound annual growth rate in our international annualized new
business premiums for individual life insurance was 25% per year from
1998 to 2000, excluding Gibraltar Life, on a constant exchange rate
basis. In Japan, we pioneered a highly effective Life Planner
distribution model that targets affluent market segments. We believe that
this distribution model contributed to a second year persistency level of
90% in 2000 in comparison to the Japanese industry average of 74%
according to Gyomu Kondan-Kai, a Japanese life insurance industry trade
association. We have expanded our presence in other international
markets, including Korea and Taiwan, where we have successfully
implemented the Life Planner model. We have also entered five other
markets in Asia, Latin America and Europe.
Our international insurance expansion historically has involved
"exporting" the successful Life Planner distribution model of Prudential
of Japan to other countries. With our acquisition of Gibraltar Life in
April 2001, we are broadening our strategy to include the mass and
affinity markets in Japan. Our acquisition of the restructured Gibraltar
Life significantly increases the scale of our International Insurance
segment. However, Gibraltar Life is not expected to grow at the rate of
our other international insurance businesses that target the affluent
market.
5
We seek to expand our position internationally in securities brokerage,
financial advisory and asset management services for the affluent market.
We have made several acquisitions and investments in international asset
management firms, and we intend to continue to grow our international
businesses significantly in the future.
. Strengthen institutional relationships to grow our employee benefits
businesses and enhance access to retail customers. We are a leading
provider of life and disability insurance, retirement services,
relocation services and other benefits to employees through group
contracts and our relationships with institutional clients. We have
relationships with over 24,000 institutions of all sizes, representing
over 30 million employees and members with over 12 million participants.
Our Group Insurance segment has grown significantly since 1997, with a
compound annual growth rate in revenues of 13% from 1998 to 2000. We also
believe that the workplace channel is an effective way to acquire
additional individual customers. By using our employee and group benefits
marketing skills, we seek to strengthen our relationships with
institutions of all sizes and increase the distribution of voluntary
benefits products to their employees. We seek to use technology to
accelerate revenue growth and improve cost efficiencies. Through our
voluntary benefits website, we offer employees of our institutional
customers Prudential voluntary benefits products as well as selected
products from other leading companies in a convenient, easy to use, on-
line format with call center support. Our business arrangements with an
Internet-based employee benefits service provider are intended to broaden
our distribution of Prudential products and services.
. Grow fee-based assets under management. We are a leading asset manager
with $373 billion of assets under management at Sepember 30, 2001,
including $288 billion managed by our Asset Management division. We seek
to increase fee-based assets under management by expanding our sales of
investment and insurance products such as variable annuities, mutual
funds, variable life insurance and wrap-fee products that provide
customers with a variety of investment options, as well as providing
investment management services to institutions. During 2000, we
consolidated resources in our public equity asset management businesses
into Jennison Associates, our widely recognized manager of institutional
assets. By doing so, we seek to enhance our competitive position,
increase sales of proprietary products through our distribution channels
and expand distribution through outside channels.
. Improve our financial performance. We are seeking to improve our
operating performance, especially in our mature businesses, in two
primary ways: by focusing on capital management and by eliminating
certain expenses.
We have improved capital efficiency by exiting under-performing
businesses, such as lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate issuers
and institutional fixed income, healthcare, reinsurance and residential
first mortgage lending, as well as by focusing on asset accumulation,
variable insurance products and other businesses that offer attractive
returns for the capital that they require. We continue to seek
opportunities to improve capital efficiency as evidenced by our decision
to raise less capital through this offering and our initial public
offering of Common Stock than is provided to policyholders receiving cash
or policy credits in our demutualization and thereby reduce the excess
capital supporting our Financial Services Businesses. In addition, we plan
to issue securities, in private placements, which will represent economic
interests in the Closed Block Business.
We are also implementing strategies to improve our performance by
eliminating certain expenses, including overhead in our corporate and
field offices. In particular, beginning in 1999 we commenced an initiative
to restructure our field operations in our Individual Life Insurance
segment by reducing the number of sales territories, from 16 to 6, and by
consolidating our field offices, which we reduced from 266 to 79. This
resulted in the elimination of 600 management positions and approximately
1,100 non-agent positions. In the Private Client Group segment, we have
taken actions in 2001 to reduce staffing levels, occupancy costs, and
other overhead costs. We have also taken actions in the Retail Investments
and Property and Casualty Insurance segments to reduce staffing levels and
overhead costs and have targeted cost reductions in several of our other
businesses and in Corporate and Other operations.
While there can be no assurance, we intend our actions to achieve company-
wide expense eliminations of over $500 million. The principal component of
these expense eliminations will be attributable to our Financial Services
Businesses, where we intend to reduce certain operating expenses to below
2000 levels
6
by more than $400 million on an annual basis in 2002, and believe that
reduced expenses resulting from these initiatives will benefit results of
the Financial Services Businesses thereafter. We expect approximately $150
million of this $400 million reduction in operating expenses to benefit
adjusted operating income of the Financial Services Businesses in 2001 as
compared to 2000 including approximately $110 million that is reflected in
results for the first nine months of the year, and that the remainder of
the reduction in operating expenses will further benefit adjusted
operating income of the Financial Services Businesses in 2002 as compared
to 2001. During 2001 and, with respect to a minor amount, early 2002, we
expect the Financial Services Businesses to incur costs of about $170
million in connection with these actions. Of this amount, about $60
million is reflected in results of the first nine months of the year. The
remaining portion of the company-wide expense eliminations, amounting to
approximately $100 million, will be attributable to the Closed Block
Business. Partially offsetting these expense eliminations, we expect to
incur additional expenses associated with servicing our stockholder base
following demutualization, including mailing and printing fees, of up to
$60 million annually, which will be attributed to the Financial Services
Businesses.
We seek growth internally and through acquisition, joint venture or
other forms of business combination or investment. Our principal
acquisition focus is in our current business lines, both domestically and
internationally.
. Reposition Prudential Securities' domestic businesses to focus on
investors rather than issuers. In late 2000 we announced a restructuring
of Prudential Securities' capital markets activities to implement a
fundamental shift in our business strategy. We exited our lead-managed
equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income
businesses. Prudential Securities' investment bank historically aspired
to lead-manage capital raising transactions in the new issues market. We
have exited that business, and we will redirect some of its resources to
act as a co-manager for equity new issues and engage in underwritings led
by investment banks to generate new issue market products for our
investor clients. In addition, our equity research staff, which
previously focused on coverage of potential issuer customers, is shifting
its focus to cover companies and other topics of interest to our investor
clients. We believe that our new strategy, through which we seek to
provide advice and quality execution to our retail and institutional
customers, will differentiate us from our competitors.
. Strengthen performance-based culture. We are committed to aligning the
incentives and rewards of our senior management team with shareholders'
interests. A portion of our managers' compensation is directly linked to
market-based measures for their businesses. We will implement stock and
option ownership programs for employees that will allow them to become
shareholders as soon as possible following the initial public offering.
We believe this will strengthen our performance-based culture throughout
the organization.
Terrorist Attacks on the United States
Our losses for insurance claims arising in connection with the terrorist
attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001 reduced our net income for
the nine months ended September 30, 2001 by approximately $30 million after
taxes, release of existing reserves and reinsurance coverages.
Demutualization and Related Transactions
We are conducting this offering concurrently with the initial public offering
of our Common Stock. The initial public offering of Common Stock is being made
in connection with the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America. In this process, The Prudential Insurance Company of America will
convert, pursuant to our plan of reorganization, from a mutual life insurance
company owned by policyholders to a stock life insurance company that is a
wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. The
demutualization will extinguish policyholders' membership interests in The
Prudential Insurance Company of America, and eligible policyholders will
receive compensation in the form of shares of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
Common Stock, cash or policy credits, which are increases in policy values or
increases in other policy benefits. We believe the demutualization will allow
us to compete more effectively in the global financial services industry by
providing full access to the capital markets to fund growth in our businesses.
Access to equity will
7
make it easier for us to build new products, services or sales channels that
are consistent with our strategy. We will also be able to use our stock to pay
for possible acquisitions. In addition, we will be able to use stock-based
compensation programs to recruit and retain management and sales personnel
whose long-term interests can be aligned with shareholders' interests. Once the
conditions to the demutualization have been met, the demutualization will
become effective when we complete the initial public offering of Common Stock.
At the time of demutualization, the Financial Services Businesses and the
Closed Block Business will be reported separately for financial reporting
purposes and some of the equity capital previously used in our Traditional
Participating Products segment will be reallocated to our Financial Services
Businesses.
Based on the assumptions in the pro forma information, the demutualization
and the initial public offering of Common Stock will reduce the equity capital
of the Financial Services Businesses by approximately $1.558 billion. We
estimate the amount of capital needed to compensate policyholders receiving
cash or policy credits and fund additional expenses of the demutualization and
related transactions is $4.447 billion, while this offering of 10,000,000
equity security units and the concurrent initial public offering of Common
Stock is expected to raise only $3.369 billion (assuming the initial public
offering price for the Common Stock is $27.50 per share). Although we may raise
additional equity capital, as discussed in "--Other Concurrent Offerings"
below, we do not expect to raise the full $4.447 billion.
In connection with the demutualization, we plan to implement two significant
changes to our organization and capital structure designed to increase the
value of demutualization compensation received by eligible policyholders and
enhance our financial flexibility. These intended changes are:
. Destacking: We plan to "destack" or reorganize the ownership of various
subsidiaries of The Prudential Insurance Company of America so that they
become direct or indirect subsidiaries of Prudential Financial, Inc.
rather than The Prudential Insurance Company of America. The destacking
will be accomplished as an extraordinary dividend concurrently with, or
within 30 days following, the demutualization. The principal subsidiaries
that we are planning to destack, together with certain related assets and
liabilities, are:
. our property and casualty insurance companies,
. our principal securities brokerage companies,
. our international insurance companies,
. our principal asset management operations, and
. our international securities and investments, domestic banking,
residential real estate brokerage franchise and relocation services
operations.
The destacking itself will not affect Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
consolidated results or financial reporting. One of the principal
purposes of the destacking is to diversify the sources of cash flow that
may be paid to Prudential Financial, Inc. by permitting the destacked
subsidiaries to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc. directly
rather than through The Prudential Insurance Company of America. In
addition, we believe that destacking will permit a more efficient use of
our capital and will create a better platform for possible acquisitions.
. Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances: We plan to issue shares of Class B
Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. to institutional investors in a
private placement concurrently with this offering and the initial public
offering of our Common Stock. We also plan to issue debt securities
through a newly-formed intermediate holding company of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America, which debt we refer to as the "IHC debt". A
portion of the IHC debt will be insured by a bond insurer. The Class B
Stock will be designed to reflect the performance of the Closed Block
Business, including the Closed Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities
and the Surplus and Related Assets, as well as other related assets and
liabilities noted below, including the IHC debt. We expect that the IHC
debt will be serviced by, and the dividends to the holders of the Class B
Stock will reflect, the net cash flows of the Closed Block Business over
time.
We believe the sale of the Class B Stock and IHC debt will improve the
value and investment attributes of the Common Stock distributed to
eligible policyholders in our demutualization and in the
8
initial public offering of Common Stock, and this is the purpose of their
issuances. We expect the Common Stock will reflect the performance of our
post-demutualization Financial Services Businesses without reflecting the
relatively lower returns of the participating products included in the
Closed Block. Further, we will allocate the entire net proceeds from the
issuances of the Class B Stock and the IHC debt to our Financial Services
Businesses. We will use most of these proceeds in our Financial Services
Businesses, which should further increase the value of the Financial
Services Businesses, although we will use a minority portion of the
proceeds of the IHC debt to service payments on that debt.
For this purpose, on April 25, 2001, we entered into a subscription
agreement with institutional investors to purchase 2.0 million shares of
Class B Stock at the time of our demutualization, which will generate
aggregate gross proceeds of $175 million. On July 31, 2001, we entered
into a commitment letter with a bond insurer to insure up to $1.75 billion
of IHC debt. The subscription agreement and commitment letter contain
conditions to the investors' and the bond insurer's respective
commitments. The closing of the private placement of the Class B Stock is
a condition to this offering and the initial public offering of Common
Stock, but the issuance of the IHC debt is not a condition to this
offering and the initial public offering of Common Stock.
Dividends declared and paid on the Common Stock will depend upon the
financial performance of the Financial Services Businesses. Dividends
declared and paid on the Common Stock will not depend upon or be affected
by the financial performance of the Closed Block Business, unless the
Closed Block Business is in financial distress. Dividends declared and
paid on the Common Stock also will not be affected by decisions with
respect to dividend payments on the Class B Stock except as indicated in
the following paragraph.
Dividends declared and paid on the Class B Stock will depend upon the
financial performance of the Closed Block Business and, as the Closed
Block matures, the holders of the Class B Stock will receive the surplus
of the Closed Block Business no longer required to support the Closed
Block for regulatory purposes. Dividends on the Class B Stock will be
payable in a specified amount per year, not to exceed specified cash flows
of the Closed Block Business. Notwithstanding this, as with any common
stock, we will retain the flexibility to suspend dividends on the Class B
Stock. However, if we choose not to pay dividends on the Class B Stock
when specified cash flows permit us to pay dividends, then we cannot pay
cash dividends on the Common Stock. For a detailed discussion of dividends
on Common Stock and when they may be affected by decisions regarding
dividend payments on the Class B Stock, you should read "Dividend Policy"
and "Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock--Dividend Rights".
The Common Stock and the Class B Stock will be separate classes of
common stock under New Jersey corporate law. The shares of Common Stock
will vote together with the shares of Class B Stock on all matters (one
share, one vote) except as otherwise required by law and except that
holders of the Class B Stock will have class voting or consent rights with
respect to specified matters directly affecting the Class B Stock. Upon
completion of the demutualization, this offering, the concurrent initial
public offering of Common Stock and the private placement of Class B
Stock, Prudential Financial, Inc. will have approximately 568.3 million
total shares of Common Stock and Class B Stock outstanding, with the
shares of Class B Stock representing less than 1% of the outstanding
shares, based on our assumptions regarding the number of shares issued in
the demutualization.
The issuer of the IHC debt will be Prudential Holdings, LLC. Prudential
Holdings, LLC will distribute most of the net proceeds to Prudential
Financial, Inc. for general corporate purposes. Prudential Holdings, LLC
will deposit a minority portion of the net proceeds of the IHC debt in a
debt service coverage account which, together with reinvested earnings
thereon, will constitute a source of payment and security for the IHC
debt.
We believe that the proceeds of issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC
debt will reflect capital in excess of that necessary to support the
Closed Block Business and that the Closed Block Business will have
sufficient assets and cash flows to service the IHC debt.
For a more detailed discussion of the Class B Stock, and the rights of
the holders of Common Stock, you should read "Risk Factors--Additional
risks relevant to you as holder of our Common Stock due to our issuance of
Class B Stock", "Demutualization and Related Transactions--Related
Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances" and "Description of
Capital Stock--Common Stock".
9
In order to separately reflect the financial performance of the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business, we will allocate all our
assets and liabilities and earnings between the two Businesses and account for
them as if they are separate legal entities. Assets and liabilities allocated
to the Closed Block Business will be those that we consider appropriate to
operate that business. After giving effect to the demutualization and the
issuances of Class B Stock and the IHC debt, the Closed Block Business would
consist principally of:
. Within The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Closed Block Assets,
Surplus and Related Assets and deferred policy acquisition costs and
other assets and, with respect to liabilities, Closed Block Liabilities.
. Within Prudential Holdings, LLC, the principal amount of the IHC debt and
related unamortized debt issuance costs and hedging activities.
. Within Prudential Financial, Inc., dividends received from Prudential
Holdings, LLC, and reinvestment thereof, and other liabilities of
Prudential Financial, Inc., in each case as attributable to the Closed
Block Business.
The Financial Services Businesses will bear any expenses and liabilities from
litigation affecting the Closed Block policies, subsequent reserve
reestimations (if any) with respect to specified incurred but not reported
death claims recorded as of demutualization and the consequences of certain
adverse tax determinations. These expenses would therefore be reflected in the
Financial Services Businesses, and not in the Closed Block Business. In
connection with the sale of the Class B Stock and IHC debt, we have agreed, or
expect to agree, to indemnify the investors with respect to certain matters,
and such indemnification will be borne by the Financial Services Businesses.
The following diagram reflects the planned allocation of Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s consolidated assets and liabilities between the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business after giving effect to the
demutualization and the destacking:
[FLOW CHART]
You should understand that there will be no legal separation of the two
Businesses and that holders of Common Stock and holders of Class B Stock will
both be common stockholders of Prudential Financial, Inc. Holders of Common
Stock will have no interest in a legal entity representing the Financial
Services Businesses, holders of Class B Stock will have no interest in a legal
entity representing the Closed Block Business and holders of each class of
common stock will be subject to all of the risks associated with an investment
in Prudential Financial, Inc. and all of our businesses, assets and
liabilities.
As described herein, the Class B Stock will be exchangeable for or
convertible into shares of Common Stock at any time at our discretion, at the
discretion of the holders of Class B Stock in the event of certain
10
regulatory events, or mandatorily in the event of a change of control of
Prudential Financial, Inc. or a sale of all or substantially all of the Closed
Block Business. Commencing in 2016, the Class B Stock will be convertible at
the discretion of the holders of the Class B Stock. Upon exchange or conversion
of the Class B Stock, the Businesses would cease to be separated and the
intended benefits of the separation would also cease.
Having two classes of common stock could result in potential conflicts of
interest between the two classes. Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of
Directors would have a fiduciary duty to all holders of Common Stock and Class
B Stock and intends to resolve such conflicts in a manner it deems fair to such
holders.
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I is a statutory business trust created
under Delaware law. The trust will issue two classes of trust securities:
. redeemable capital securities, which are offered by this prospectus; and
. common securities, which will be issued to Prudential Financial, Inc.
The trust securities represent undivided beneficial ownership interests in the
assets of the trust. These assets consist solely of debentures issued by
Prudential Financial, Inc. to the trust. A holder of units will initially be
the beneficial owner of the redeemable capital securities. Those redeemable
capital securities will be pledged to secure the obligations of the unit holder
under the related purchase contracts. The redeemable capital securities will be
held by the collateral agent.
The trust's redeemable capital securities rank equally with the trust's
common securities. Payments upon redemption, liquidation or otherwise will be
made on a proportionate basis between the two classes. During the continuance
of an event of default under the debenture indenture, the rights of the holders
of the redeemable capital securities to receive periodic distributions and
payments upon liquidation, redemption and otherwise will be senior to the
rights of the holders of the common securities. The aggregate stated
liquidation amount of the common securities will equal at least 3% of the total
capital of the trust.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will guarantee distributions on the redeemable
capital securities to the extent of available trust funds.
Accounting Treatment of the Trust and the Units
The financial statements of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I will be
consolidated in our consolidated financial statements, with the redeemable
capital securities shown on our consolidated balance sheets under the caption
"Guaranteed minority interest in trust holding solely debentures of Parent".
The notes to our consolidated financial statements will disclose that the sole
asset of the trust will be the debentures issued by Prudential Financial, Inc.
to the trust. Distributions on the redeemable capital securities will be
reported as a charge to minority interest in our consolidated statements of
income, whether paid or accrued.
Prior to settlement of the purchase contracts through the issuance of Common
Stock, the units will be reflected in our diluted earnings per share
calculations using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the number of
shares of Common Stock used in calculating earnings per share for any period
will be deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares
that would be required to be issued upon settlement of the purchase contracts
over the number of shares that could be purchased by us in the market, at the
average market price during that period, using the proceeds that would be
required to be paid upon settlement. Consequently, we anticipate that there
will be no dilutive effect on our earnings per share, except during periods
when the average market price of Common Stock is above $ per share.
----------------
Principal Executive Offices
Prudential Financial Inc.'s principal executive offices are located at 751
Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102. Our telephone number is (973) 802-6000.
The principal office of the trust is c/o Chase Manhattan Bank USA, National
Association, 500 Stanton Christiana Road, Building 4, 3rd Floor, Newark,
Delaware 19713, and its telephone number is (302) 552-6279.
11
The Offering
What are the units?
Each equity security unit will have a stated amount of $50 and will initially
consist of:
. a purchase contract, under which you agree to purchase, for $50, shares
of Common Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. on , 2004 (which we
refer to as the "stock purchase date"); and
. a redeemable capital security of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I
with a stated liquidation amount of $50.
What are the purchase contracts?
The purchase contract underlying a unit obligates you to purchase, and us to
sell, for $50, on 2004, a number of newly issued shares of Common Stock
equal to the settlement rate described below.
We will pay you quarterly contract fee payments on the purchase contracts at
the annual rate of % of the stated amount of $50 per purchase contract,
subject to our right to defer these payments. We will determine the number of
shares you will receive by the settlement rate described below, based on the
average closing price of the Common Stock during a specified period prior to
the stock purchase date.
We will make contract fee payments only to the earlier of , 2004 or the
most recent quarterly payment date on or before any early settlement of the
related purchase contracts.
What are the redeemable capital securities?
The redeemable capital securities, and the common securities issued
concurrently to Prudential Financial, Inc., represent undivided beneficial
ownership interests in the assets of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I. The
property trustee of the trust will hold legal title to the assets. The trust's
assets consist solely of debentures maturing on , 2006, issued by
Prudential Financial, Inc. to the trust. Because each holder has an "undivided"
beneficial interest in the trust's assets, the holder has a proportional
interest in the collective assets of the trust, rather than in any specific
debenture.
The debentures will have an interest rate and principal amount that are the
same as the distribution rate and stated liquidation amount of the trust
securities.
We will pay you quarterly cumulative cash distributions at the annual rate of
% of the stated liquidation amount of $50 per redeemable capital security,
subject to our right to defer these distributions.
Upon payment of the debentures issued by Prudential Financial, Inc. to the
trust on their maturity date, the trust will use the cash proceeds from the
repayment to redeem the redeemable capital securities at their aggregate stated
liquidation amount plus any accrued and unpaid distributions, payable in cash
only. Prudential Financial Capital Trust I may not redeem the redeemable
capital securities at any other time, for any other reason or under any other
circumstances.
The trustees may amend the declaration of trust governing the redeemable
capital securities without the consent of their holders to:
. cure ambiguities,
. correct inconsistencies,
. add to Prudential Financial, Inc.'s obligations,
. conform to any changes in the Investment Company Act of 1940,
. further modify the declaration as and to the extent necessary, unless
such a modification is otherwise prohibited by the declaration or
otherwise requires the consent of a majority of the holders of the
redeemable capital securities or a majority of the holders of the
liquidation amount of the trust's common securities, and
. cause the trust to continue to be classified as a grantor trust for tax
purposes.
12
Any change that would materially and adversely affect the rights of the holders
requires the consent of a majority of the holders of the redeemable capital
securities.
What are normal units and what are stripped units?
Normal Units. The redeemable capital securities will initially be pledged to
secure your obligations under the purchase contract that you will receive as a
component of the units. We refer to a purchase contract--together with the
pledged redeemable capital security--as a "normal unit".
Each holder of a normal unit may elect to withdraw the pledged redeemable
capital security (or, after a remarketing, pledged treasury security)
underlying the normal unit, and thereby create a "stripped unit".
Stripped Units. To create a stripped unit, the holder must substitute, as the
pledged security, a zero-coupon U.S. treasury security that will pay $50 on
, 2004, which is the amount then due under the purchase contract. The
pledged redeemable capital security or, after a remarketing, the pledged
treasury security will then be released from the pledge agreement and delivered
to the holder. Because treasury securities are issued in integral multiples of
$1,000, holders of normal units may make this substitution only in integral
multiples of 20 normal units.
A stripped unit will have a stated amount of $50 and will consist of:
. a purchase contract; and
. an undivided beneficial ownership interest in the zero-coupon U.S.
Treasury security described in the paragraph above.
Stripped units will not generate cash payments to the holder other than the
quarterly contract fee payments. In addition, original issue discount will
accrue on the pledged zero-coupon treasury securities. See "U.S. Federal Income
Tax Consequences--Substitution of Treasury Securities to Create Stripped
Units."
Holders of redeemable capital securities separated from the units will
receive quarterly cash distributions on the redeemable capital securities.
A holder might consider it beneficial to either hold the redeemable capital
securities directly or to realize income from their sale. These investment
choices are facilitated by creating stripped units.
After you have created stripped units, you may recreate normal units by re-
substituting redeemable capital securities you have withdrawn or by delivering
other treasury securities for the zero-coupon treasury securities underlying
the stripped units.
What are the settlement rate and the applicable market value?
The settlement rate is the number of newly issued shares of Prudential
Financial, Inc. Common Stock that Prudential Financial, Inc. is obligated to
sell and you are obligated to buy upon settlement of a purchase contract on
, 2004.
The settlement rate for each purchase contract will be as follows, subject to
adjustment under the terms of the purchase contract:
. if the applicable market value of Common Stock is equal to or greater
than $ , the settlement rate will be shares of Common Stock per
purchase contract;
. if the applicable market value of Common Stock is less than $ but
greater than $ , the settlement rate will be equal to $50 divided by
the applicable market value of Common Stock per purchase contract; and
. if the applicable market value of Common Stock is less than or equal to
$ , the settlement rate will be shares of Common Stock per
purchase contract.
The "applicable market value" means the average of the closing price per
share of Common Stock on each of the twenty consecutive trading days ending on
the third trading day preceding , 2004.
13
What distributions or payments will be made to holders of the normal units,
stripped units and redeemable capital securities?
Normal Units. If you hold normal units, you will receive total payments at
the annual rate of % of the stated amount of $50. The payments consist of:
. quarterly contract fee payments on the purchase contracts at the annual
rate of % of the stated amount of $50 per purchase contract; and
. quarterly cumulative cash distributions on the redeemable capital
securities, at the annual rate of % of the stated liquidation amount of
$50 per redeemable capital security through and including , 2004.
On , 2004 you will receive a quarterly payment at the same annual
rate.
Both these payments are subject to the deferral provisions described below.
Stripped Units. If you hold stripped units you will receive the quarterly
contract fee payments. In addition, original issue discount will accrue on the
pledged zero-coupon U.S. treasury securities. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences--Substitution of Treasury Securities to Create Stripped Units."
Redeemable Capital Securities. If you hold redeemable capital securities
separated from the units, you will receive the applicable quarterly cash
distributions on the redeemable capital securities.
In addition, all redeemable capital securities, whether held separately from
or as part of units, will initially pay distributions at the annual rate of %
of the stated liquidation amount of $50 per redeemable capital security,
payable quarterly, through , 2004. After , 2004, the redeemable
capital securities will pay distributions at the reset rate described below. If
the reset agent cannot establish a reset rate meeting the requirements
described in this prospectus, the reset agent will not reset the distribution
rate. In this case, the reset rate will continue to be the initial annual rate
of % until the reset agent can establish such a reset rate meeting the
requirements described in this prospectus on a later remarketing date prior to
, 2004.
If no remarketing occurs prior to , 2004, the initial distribution rate
on the redeemable capital securities will be automatically reset to the rate
described below, and that automatic reset rate will be the distribution rate on
the redeemable capital securities through , 2006.
The trust must pay distributions on the redeemable capital securities on the
dates payable to the extent that it has funds available for distributions. The
trust's funds available for distribution to you as a holder of the redeemable
capital securities will be limited to payments received from Prudential
Financial, Inc. on the debentures. Prudential Financial, Inc. will guarantee
the payment of distributions on the redeemable capital securities out of moneys
held by the trust to the extent of available trust funds.
What are the contract fee payment dates and distribution dates?
Subject to the deferral provisions described below, contract fee payments and
distributions on the redeemable capital securities will be paid quarterly in
arrears on each , , , and , commencing , 2002.
When can we defer contract fee payments and distributions?
Purchase Contracts. We have the option to defer contract fee payments on the
purchase contracts. We may elect the option to defer payments on more than one
occasion. In no event may we defer payments beyond , 2004. Deferred
contract fee payments will accrue additional contract fee payments until paid,
compounded quarterly, at the annual rate of %. This annual rate is equal to
the sum of the applicable distribution rate on the capital securities and the
rate of the contract fee payments on the purchase contracts.
Redeemable Capital Securities. We can also defer the interest payments due on
the debentures, unless an event of default under the debentures is continuing.
We may elect the option to defer interest payments on more than one occasion.
In no event may we defer interest payments beyond the maturity date of the
debentures. If we
14
defer interest payments on the debentures, the trust will also defer
distributions on the redeemable capital securities.
During any deferral period, distributions on the redeemable capital
securities will continue to accumulate quarterly at the initial annual rate of
% of the stated liquidation amount of $50 per redeemable capital security
through and including , 2004, and at the initial rate or, if a resetting
is successful, the reset rate, from that date to , 2006. If no
remarketing occurs prior to , 2004, however, the distribution rate will
be automatically reset to the rate described below. The deferred distributions
will themselves accumulate additional distributions at the applicable rate, to
the extent permitted by law. Distributions may be deferred if we do not have
funds available to make the interest payments on the debentures or for any
other reason.
Restrictions resulting from a Deferral. During any period in which we defer
contract fee payments or interest payments on the debentures, in general
Prudential Financial, Inc. cannot:
. declare or pay any dividend or distribution on its capital stock, or
redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment on any of its
capital stock;
. make any interest, principal or premium payment on--or repurchase or
redeem--any of its debt securities that rank equally with or junior to
the debentures; or
. make any payment on any guarantee of the debt securities of any of its
subsidiaries if the guarantee ranks equal or junior to the debentures.
References to the capital stock and the Common Stock of Prudential Financial,
Inc. in this prospectus do not include shares of its Class B Stock.
Deferred contract fee payments may constitute taxable ordinary income to you
when received or accrued, in accordance with your regular method of tax
accounting. If a payment deferral on the debentures occurs, you will continue
to recognize interest income for United States federal income tax purposes in
advance of your receipt of any corresponding cash distribution. For more
extensive U.S. federal income tax disclosure, see "U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences".
What is a remarketing?
We will enter into a remarketing agreement with a nationally recognized
investment banking firm. The investment banking firm will agree to use its
commercially reasonable best efforts as remarketing agent to sell the
redeemable capital securities included in normal units at a price equal to
100.5% of the remarketing value. The initial remarketing is to occur, and
settle, on , 2004, which is the last quarterly payment date before the
stock purchase date. A holder may elect not to participate in a remarketing.
The remarketing agent will use the proceeds from the sale of the redeemable
capital securities to purchase U.S. treasury securities, which the
participating normal unitholders will pledge to secure their obligations under
the related purchase contracts. After the remarketing, a normal unit will
consist of a purchase contract and the specified pledged U.S. treasury
security.
After a remarketing, we will use the cash payments from the pledged treasury
securities underlying the normal units to satisfy the obligations of holders to
purchase Common Stock on , 2004. We have set the initial remarketing date
to be , 2004, unless the remarketing is delayed to a later date as
described below.
The "remarketing value" will be equal to the sum of:
(a) the value at the remarketing date of the amount of U.S. treasury
securities that will pay, on or prior to the quarterly payment date
falling on the stock purchase date, an amount of cash equal to the
aggregate distributions that are scheduled to be payable on that
quarterly payment date on each redeemable capital security which is
included in a normal unit and which is participating in the
remarketing. We will assume for this purpose, even if not true, that
(i) no distribution will then have been deferred and (ii) the
distribution rate on the redeemable capital securities remains at the
initial rate;
15
(b) the value at the remarketing date of the amount of U.S. treasury
securities that will pay, on or prior to the stock purchase date, an
amount of cash equal to $50 for each redeemable capital security
included in a normal unit which is participating in the remarketing;
and
(c) if distributions are being deferred at the remarketing date, an amount
of cash equal to the aggregate unpaid deferred distributions on each
redeemable capital security which is included in a normal unit and
which is participating in the remarketing, accrued to , 2004.
The remarketing agent will use the proceeds from the sale of redeemable
capital securities in a successful remarketing to purchase in open market
transactions or at treasury auction, the amount and the types of treasury
securities described in (a) and (b) above. It will deliver these treasury
securities through the purchase contract agent to the collateral agent to
secure the obligations under the related purchase contracts of the unitholders
whose redeemable capital securities participated in the remarketing. The
remarketing agent will deduct as a remarketing fee an amount not exceeding 25
basis points (.25%) of the total proceeds from such remarketing. The
remarketing agent will remit any remaining portion of the proceeds for the
benefit of the holders of the normal units participating in a remarketing.
Alternatively, a holder of normal units may elect not to participate in a
remarketing. The holder may retain the redeemable capital securities underlying
those units by delivering the treasury securities described in (a) and (b)
above, in the amount and types specified by the remarketing agent, applicable
to the holder's redeemable capital securities, to the purchase contract agent
prior to the remarketing date.
What is the reset rate and can there be subsequent remarketings?
In order to facilitate a remarketing of redeemable capital securities, we
will appoint a nationally recognized investment firm to act as the reset agent.
The reset agent will reset the rate of distribution on the redeemable capital
securities for the quarterly distributions payable on and after , 2004.
The reset rate will become the new interest rate on the debentures, and
therefore the distribution rate on the redeemable capital securities, after
, 2004.
The reset rate will be the rate sufficient to cause the then current
aggregate market value of the redeemable capital securities to be equal to
100.5% of the remarketing value described above. The reset agent will assume
for this purpose, even if not true, that all of the redeemable capital
securities continue to be components of normal units and will be remarketed.
Resetting the distribution rate of the redeemable capital securities at this
rate should enable the remarketing agent to sell the redeemable capital
securities in a remarketing and purchase the treasury securities described in
the section above. The cash generated by these treasury securities will be
applied to the settlement of the purchase contracts and to the quarterly
payment on the normal units due on , 2004.
The reset agent will attempt to determine the reset rate during a five
business-day period ending three business days prior to , 2004, the
initial remarketing date. We refer to such a five business-day period or any
similar five business-day period preceding a subsequent remarketing date
described below as a "remarketing period" in this prospectus. If the reset
agent cannot so establish a reset rate meeting the requirements described
above, and if as a result the redeemable capital securities cannot be sold in a
remarketing that settles on , 2004, the distribution rate will not be
reset but will continue to be the initial distribution rate of the redeemable
capital securities. However, the reset agent will thereafter attempt to
establish a reset rate meeting the above requirements during subsequent
remarketing periods, and the remarketing agent will attempt to remarket the
redeemable capital securities, settling on subsequent remarketing dates. The
reset agent and the remarketing agent will follow the same procedures as for
the initial remarketing period. If a reset rate cannot be established during a
given remarketing period, a remarketing will not settle on the corresponding
remarketing date.
The resetting of the distribution rate on the redeemable capital securities
will not change the rate of distributions received by holders of the normal
units. The rate of distributions on normal units will remain at the initial
rate of % of $50 for the quarterly payment payable on , 2004.
What happens if the remarketing agent does not sell the redeemable capital
securities?
If the reset agent cannot establish a reset rate during the remarketing
period preceding the initial remarketing date that will be sufficient to cause
the then current aggregate market value of all the outstanding redeemable
16
capital securities to be equal to 100.5% of the remarketing value, and the
remarketing agent cannot sell and settle the redeemable capital securities
offered for remarketing on the remarketing date at a price equal to 100.5% of
the remarketing value, the reset agent will thereafter attempt to establish a
new reset rate meeting these requirements during subsequent remarketing
periods. The remarketing agent will then attempt to remarket the redeemable
capital securities, settling on the subsequent remarketing dates, which are
, , , , and , 2004. Any remarketing of the redeemable
capital securities will settle on the corresponding remarketing date. However,
a remarketing of the redeemable capital securities during the remarketing
period immediately preceding the stock purchase date, if applicable, must
settle no later than the business day immediately preceding the stock purchase
date. Any such remarketing will be at a price equal to 100.5% of the
remarketing value, determined on the basis of the redeemable capital securities
being remarketed.
If the remarketing agent fails to remarket the redeemable capital securities
underlying the normal units at that price by the business day immediately
preceding the stock purchase date, the following will apply:
Redeemable Capital Securities held in Normal Units. If you hold redeemable
capital securities as part of the normal units, we will be entitled to exercise
our rights as a secured party on the stock purchase date and, subject to
applicable law, retain the securities pledged as collateral or sell them in one
or more private sales. Your obligation to purchase shares of Common Stock under
the purchase contract will then be fully satisfied and you will receive the
appropriate number of shares of Common Stock based upon the settlement rate.
Redeemable Capital Securities not held in Normal Units. If you hold
redeemable capital securities which are not part of normal units, you will keep
your redeemable capital securities. For all distributions on your redeemable
capital securities after , 2004, however, the distribution rate will be
reset to be equal to the sum of
. the "two-year benchmark treasury rate", plus
. the "applicable spread".
We sometimes refer to this distribution rate as the "automatic reset rate" in
this prospectus.
The "two-year benchmark treasury rate" means the bid side rate at 10:00 a.m.,
New York City time, on the third business day preceding , 2004 for direct
obligations of the United States of America with a maturity comparable to the
remaining term to maturity of the debentures held by Prudential Financial
Capital Trust I, as agreed upon by us and the remarketing agent.
The "applicable spread" means the spread determined as set forth below, based
on the prevailing rating, as defined below, of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
senior unsecured debt in effect at the close of business on the business day
immediately preceding the date of the last failed remarketing:
Prevailing
Rating of
Senior
Unsecured Debt Applicable Spread
-------------- -----------------
A/a
A/A
BBB/Baa
Below BBB/Baa
We are using the rating on Prudential Financial, Inc.'s senior unsecured debt
as a convenient benchmark to ascertain the "applicable spread." If a rating
were given to your redeemable capital securities by a nationally recognized
rating agency, it may or may not be the same as the rating on Prudential
Financial Inc.'s senior unsecured debt.
The "prevailing rating" of Prudential Financial Inc.'s senior unsecured debt
shall be:
. AA/Aa if the senior unsecured debt has a credit rating of AA- or better
by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Aa3 or better by Moody's
Investors Service, Inc. or the equivalent of these ratings by those
agencies or a substitute rating agency or substitute rating agencies
selected by the remarketing agent, after consultation with us;
. A/A if the senior unsecured debt has a credit rating of A- or better by
S&P and A3 or better by Moody's or the equivalent of these ratings by
those agencies or a substitute rating agency or substitute rating
agencies selected by the remarketing agent, after consultation with us;
17
. BBB/Baa if the senior unsecured debt has a credit rating of BBB- or
better by S&P and Baa3 or better by Moody's or the equivalent of these
ratings by those agencies or a substitute rating agency or substitute
rating agencies selected by the remarketing agent, after consultation
with us; or
. if none of the above applies, then Below BBB/Baa.
In addition:
. if (i) the credit rating of the senior unsecured debt by S&P is on the
"Credit Watch" of S&P with a designation of "negative implications" or
"developing," or (ii) the credit rating of the senior unsecured debt by
Moody's is on the "Corporate Credit Watch List" with a designation of
"downgrade" or "uncertain," or, in each case, on any successor list of
S&P or Moody's with a comparable designation, the prevailing ratings of
the senior unsecured debt shall be deemed to be within a range one full
level lower in the above table than those actually assigned to the
senior notes by Moody's and S&P;
. if the senior unsecured debt is rated by only one rating agency on or
before the remarketing date, the prevailing rating will at all times be
determined without reference to the rating of any other rating agency;
and
. if no rating agency has a rating of the senior unsecured debt in effect
and the remarketing agent is unable to identify a substitute rating
agency or rating agencies, the prevailing rating shall be deemed to be
Below BBB/Baa.
If I am not a party to a purchase contract, may I still participate in a
remarketing of my redeemable capital securities?
Holders of redeemable capital securities that are not part of normal units
may elect to have their redeemable capital securities included in a remarketing
in the manner described in "Description of the Equity Security Units--
Description of the Purchase Contracts--Optional Remarketing of Redeemable
Capital Securities not included in Normal Units".
The remarketing agent will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to
remarket the separately held redeemable capital securities included in a
remarketing on the remarketing date at a price equal to 100.5% of the
remarketing value, determined on the basis of the separately held redeemable
capital securities being remarketed.
After deducting the remarketing fee, an amount not exceeding 25 basis points
(.25%) of the total proceeds from the remarketing, the remaining portion of the
proceeds will be remitted to the holders whose separate redeemable capital
securities were sold in the remarketing.
If a holder of redeemable capital securities elects to have its redeemable
capital securities remarketed but the remarketing agent fails to sell the
redeemable capital securities during any remarketing period, the redeemable
capital securities will be promptly returned to the holder after the end of the
last remarketing period.
If I do not participate in a remarketing, how can I satisfy my obligations
under the purchase contract?
You may also satisfy your obligations under the purchase contract:
. if you have created stripped units or elected not to participate in a
remarketing by delivering specified treasury securities in substitution
for the redeemable capital securities, through the application of the
cash payments received on the pledged treasury securities;
. through the early delivery of cash to the purchase contract agent in the
manner described in "Description of the Equity Security Units--
Description of the Purchase Contracts--Early Settlement"; and
. if Prudential Financial, Inc. is involved in a merger or consolidation
prior to the stock purchase date in which at least 30% of the
consideration for Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Common Stock consists of
cash or cash equivalents, through an early settlement of the purchase
contract as described in "Description of the Equity Security Units--
Description of the Purchase Contracts--Early Settlement upon Merger".
In addition, the purchase contracts, our related rights and obligations and
those of the holders of the units, including their obligations to purchase
Common Stock, will automatically terminate upon the occurrence of
18
particular events of our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. Upon such a
termination of the purchase contracts, the pledged redeemable capital
securities or treasury securities will be released and distributed to you.
If you hold a unit and settle the related purchase contract early, or if a
purchase contract is terminated as a result of our bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization, you will have no right to receive any accrued or deferred
contract fee payments.
What is the maturity of the redeemable capital securities?
The redeemable capital securities do not have a stated maturity. However, the
debentures issued by Prudential Financial, Inc. to the trust will mature on
, 2006. Upon payment of the debentures on that date, the trust will use
the cash proceeds from the repayment to redeem the redeemable capital
securities at their aggregate stated liquidation amount plus any accrued and
unpaid distributions, payable in cash only. Prudential Financial Capital Trust
I may not redeem the redeemable capital securities at any other time, for any
other reason or under any other circumstances.
When may Prudential Financial, Inc. dissolve Prudential Financial Capital Trust
I?
We, as the holder of all the common securities of the trust, have the right
at any time to dissolve the trust.
If we dissolve the trust, holders of the redeemable capital securities will
receive, after satisfaction of liabilities of creditors of the trust,
debentures of Prudential Financial, Inc. having a principal amount equal to the
stated liquidation amount of the redeemable capital securities they hold. In
this case, the redeemable capital securities will no longer be deemed to be
outstanding, and a normal unit that had included redeemable capital securities
would thereafter include a debenture with a $50 principal amount, which will be
pledged to secure the unitholder's obligations under the related purchase
contract.
Following dissolution, the distributed debentures would be subject to the
remarketing, settlement and other provisions of the normal units. In addition,
if in this case you hold redeemable capital securities separately from the
units, you will receive the debentures in exchange for your redeemable capital
securities.
What is the extent of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s guarantee?
Prudential Financial, Inc. will irrevocably guarantee, on a senior and
unsecured basis, the payment in full of the following:
. distributions that are required to be paid on the redeemable capital
securities to the extent of available trust funds; and
. the stated liquidation amount of the redeemable capital securities to
the extent of available trust funds.
The guarantee will be unsecured and rank equally in right of payment to all
other senior unsecured debt of Prudential Financial, Inc. In addition,
Prudential Financial, Inc. is a holding company and its assets will consist
primarily of the common stock of its subsidiaries. Accordingly, Prudential
Financial, Inc. will depend on dividends and other distributions from its
subsidiaries in order to make the principal and interest payments on the
debentures. See "Risk Factors--Our ability to pay shareholder dividends may be
affected by limitations imposed on The Prudential Insurance Company of America
and our other subsidiaries". Prudential Financial, Inc.'s guarantee is
effectively junior to the debt and other liabilities of its subsidiaries.
Prudential Financial, Inc. currently has no outstanding secured or other debt
that would rank senior to the guarantee.
The redeemable capital securities, the guarantee and the debentures do not
limit Prudential Financial, Inc.'s ability or the ability of its subsidiaries
to incur additional indebtedness. This would include indebtedness that ranks
equally with the debentures and the guarantee.
The guarantee, when taken together with Prudential Financial Inc.'s
obligations under the debentures and the indenture and its obligations under
the declaration of trust for Prudential Financial Capital Trust I, including
the obligations to pay costs, expenses, debts and liabilities of the trust,
other than with respect to the trust securities, has the effect of providing a
full and unconditional guarantee of amounts due on the redeemable capital
securities.
19
What are the United States federal income tax consequences related to the units
and redeemable capital securities?
If you purchase units in the offering, you will be treated for United States
federal income tax purposes as having acquired the redeemable capital
securities and purchase contracts constituting those units. You must allocate
the purchase price of the units between those redeemable capital securities and
purchase contracts in proportion to their respective fair market values, which
will establish your initial tax basis. We expect to report the fair market
value of each redeemable capital security as $ and the fair market value of
each purchase contract as $ . The redeemable capital securities will be
treated as representing undivided beneficial ownership interests in the
debentures.
For United States federal income tax purposes, the treatment of contract fee
payments and deferred contract fee payments is unclear. They may constitute
taxable ordinary income to you as a holder of normal units or stripped units
when received or accrued, in accordance with your usual method of tax
accounting.
For United States federal income tax purposes, the debentures will be
classified as contingent payment debt instruments subject to the "noncontingent
bond method" of accruing original issue discount. As discussed more fully under
"U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences--Redeemable Capital Securities--Interest
Income and Original Issue Discount", the effects of this method will be (1) to
require you, regardless of your usual method of tax accounting, to use the
accrual method with respect to the debentures, (2) for all accrual periods
through , 2004, and possibly thereafter, the accrual of interest income
by you in excess of distributions actually received by you and (3) generally to
result in ordinary rather than capital treatment of any gain or loss on the
sale, exchange or disposition of the units to the extent attributable to the
redeemable capital securities. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences".
Will the units be listed on a stock exchange?
We intend to list the normal units on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol "PFA".
Neither the stripped units nor the redeemable capital securities will
initially be listed. If, however, either of the stripped units or the
redeemable capital securities are separately traded to a sufficient extent that
applicable exchange listing requirements are met, we will endeavor to cause
those securities to be listed on the exchange on which the normal units are
then listed.
What are your expected uses of proceeds from the offering of the units?
Based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $50 per unit, our net
proceeds from the offering of the units are estimated to be $ million, or $
million if the underwriters' options to purchase additional units as described
under "Underwriting" are exercised in full, after deducting an assumed
underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I will invest substantially all of the
proceeds from the sale of the redeemable capital securities comprising part of
the units and all of the proceeds from the sale of the common securities in the
debentures issued by Prudential Financial, Inc. The remainder of the proceeds
from the sale of the units will be paid directly to Prudential Financial, Inc.
as consideration for entering into the purchase contracts, which we will use
for general corporate purposes.
20
The Offering--Explanatory Diagrams
The following diagrams demonstrate some of the key features of the purchase
contracts, normal units, stripped units and the redeemable capital securities,
and the transformation of normal units into stripped units and redeemable
capital securities. The hypothetical prices and percentages below are for
illustration only. There can be no assurance that the actual prices and
percentages will be limited by the range of hypothetical prices and percentages
shown.
Purchase Contracts
. Normal units and stripped units both include a purchase contract under
which the holder agrees to purchase shares of Prudential Financial, Inc.
Common Stock on the stock purchase date. In addition, under these
purchase contracts, we agree to make contract fee payments as shown in
the diagrams on the following pages.
[FLOWCHART]
--------
(1) For each of the percentage categories shown, the percentage of shares to
be delivered at maturity to a holder of normal units or stripped units is
determined by dividing (a) the related number of shares to be delivered,
as indicated in the footnote for each such category, by (b) an amount
equal to $50, the stated amount of the unit, divided by the reference
price.
(2) If the applicable market value of Common Stock is less than or equal to
$ , the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated by dividing
the stated amount by the reference price. The "applicable market value"
means the average of the closing price per share of Common Stock on each
of the twenty consecutive trading days ending on the third trading day
preceding , 2004.
(3) If the applicable market value of Common Stock is between $ and $ ,
the number of shares to be delivered will be calculated by dividing the
stated amount by the applicable market value.
(4) If the applicable market value of Common Stock is greater than $ , the
number of shares to be delivered will be calculated by dividing the stated
amount by the threshold appreciation price.
(5) The "reference price" is $ , which is the initial public offering price
of Common Stock.
(6) The "threshold appreciation price" is equal to $ , which is % of the
reference price.
21
Normal Units
. A normal unit consists of two components as described below:
[FLOWCHART]
. The redeemable capital securities represent undivided beneficial
ownership interests in Prudential Financial, Inc.'s debentures. The
interest on the debentures is subject to deferral. After remarketing,
the normal units will include specified U.S. treasury securities in lieu
of the redeemable capital securities.
. The holder owns the redeemable capital securities and, after
remarketing, the U.S. treasury securities. The holder will pledge them
to us to secure its obligations under the purchase contract.
22
Stripped Units
. A stripped unit consists of two components as described below:
[FLOWCHART]
. The holder owns the zero-coupon U.S. treasury security. The holder will
pledge it to us to secure its obligations under the purchase contract.
The treasury security is a zero-coupon U.S. treasury security (CUSIP No.
) that matures on , 2004.
Redeemable Capital Securities
. Redeemable capital securities have the terms described below:
[FLOWCHART]
. The redeemable capital securities represent undivided beneficial
ownership interests in Prudential Financial, Inc.'s debentures.
. The holder of a redeemable capital security that is a component of a
normal unit has the option to either:
. allow the redeemable capital security to be included in the remarketing
process. The proceeds of the redeemable capital securities sold in the
remarketing will be used to purchase U.S. treasury securities, which
will be applied to settle the purchase contract; or
23
. elect not to participate in a remarketing by delivering treasury
securities in substitution for the redeemable capital security. The
proceeds of the delivered treasury securities will be applied to settle
the purchase contract.
. The holder of a redeemable capital security that is separate and not a
component of a normal unit has the option to either:
. continue to hold the redeemable capital security whose rate has been
reset for the quarterly distributions payable on and after ,
2004; or
. deliver the redeemable capital security to the remarketing agent to be
included in a remarketing.
Transforming Normal Units into Stripped Units and Redeemable Capital Securities
. To create a stripped unit, the holder combines the purchase contract
with the specified zero-coupon U.S. treasury security that matures on
, 2004.
. The holder owns the zero-coupon U.S. treasury security but will pledge
it to us to secure the holder's obligations under the purchase contract.
. The zero-coupon U.S. treasury security together with the purchase
contract constitutes a stripped unit. The redeemable capital security
(or, after remarketing, U.S. treasury securities), which was previously
a component of the normal unit, is tradeable as a separate security.
[FLOWCHART]
. After remarketing, the normal units will include specified U.S. treasury
securities in lieu of redeemable capital securities.
. The holder can also transform stripped units and redeemable capital
securities (or, after remarketing, U.S. treasury securities), into
normal units. Following that transformation, the specified zero-coupon
U.S. treasury security, which was previously a component of the stripped
units, is tradeable as a separate security.
. The transformation of normal units into stripped units and redeemable
capital securities (or, after remarketing, U.S. treasury securities) and
the transformation of stripped units and redeemable capital securities
(or, after remarketing, U.S. treasury securities) into normal units
requires certain minimum amounts of securities, as more fully provided
in this prospectus.
24
Concurrent Offerings
Common Stock Offering............ The Common Stock will be offered in separate,
concurrent U.S. and international offerings as follows:
U.S. Offering...................... 93.5 million shares
International Offering............. 16.5 million shares
Total............................. 110.0 million shares
The shares do not include 16.5 million shares of Common
Stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriters'
options to purchase additional shares as described
under "Underwriting".
We estimate that Prudential Financial, Inc. will
receive net proceeds from the offering of $2,889
million, or $3,322 million if the underwriters' options
to purchase additional shares as described under
"Underwriting" are exercised in full, assuming an
initial public offering price of $27.50 per share.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will:
. use the net proceeds of the offering, other than
proceeds obtained from any exercise of the
underwriters' options to purchase additional shares,
to make certain cash payments to eligible
policyholders receiving cash in the demutualization,
and
. retain any remaining net proceeds for general
corporate purposes.
We based the information above on assumptions we
have made as to the number of shares of Common
Stock and the amount of cash and policy credits
that we will distribute to eligible policyholders
in our demutualization. We discuss these
assumptions in "--Summary Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Financial Information"
below.
Acquisitions of 5% or more shares of our common
stock or the total voting power of the Common
Stock and Class B Stock will be subject to certain
legal restrictions as described under "Business--
Regulation--Regulation Affecting Prudential
Financial, Inc.--Insurance Holding Company
Regulation--Acquisition of Control".
Class B Stock............... We expect to sell up to 2.0 million shares of
Class B Stock in a private placement concurrently
with this offering and the offering of Common
Stock.
IHC debt.................... Up to $1.75 billion of IHC debt is expected to be
offered and sold in a private placement
concurrently with this offering and the offering
of Common Stock.
Additional Concurrent
Financings.................. In addition to this offering, the initial public
offering of Common Stock and the private
placements of Class B Stock and the IHC debt, the
plan of reorganization permits us, subject to any
required regulatory approval, to raise funds for
use in connection with the plan of reorganization
prior to, on or within 30 days after the effective
date of the demutualization through one or more of
the following transactions: (i) the offering of
public or private debt; (ii) the offering of
preferred stock or other equity securities or
options, warrants or other securities convertible,
exchangeable or exercisable for any of the
foregoing; and (iii) bank borrowings. We retain
flexibility to raise funds for general corporate
purposes at any time.
The closing of the Common Stock Offering is subject to the completion of the
demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of America and the private
placement of the Class B Stock. The closing of this initial public offering of
the equity security units is subject to the closing of the Common Stock
Offering. The issuance of the IHC debt is not a condition to this offering or
the Common Stock Offering.
25
Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Information
All financial data and ratios presented in this prospectus have been prepared
using generally accepted accounting principles unless otherwise indicated. The
consolidated financial statements of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America prior to the demutualization will become Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
consolidated financial statements upon demutualization. References to our
financial results or condition refer to our consolidated results or condition
unless otherwise indicated.
We derived the summary consolidated income statement data, balance sheet data
and division operating results as of and for the annual periods shown below
from our audited consolidated financial statements which, for years 2000 and
1999, are included in this prospectus. We derived the summary consolidated
income statement data and division operating results for the interim nine-month
2001 and 2000 periods and selected consolidated balance sheet data as of
September 30, 2001 from our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements
included in this prospectus. We derived the summary consolidated balance sheet
data as of September 30, 2000 from our unaudited interim consolidated financial
statements not included in this prospectus. In the opinion of management, the
unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement. Results for the
nine-month periods may not be indicative of the results for the full year or
any other interim period.
In April 2001 we completed the acquisition of Gibraltar Life, which has
adopted a November 30 fiscal year end. Consolidated balance sheet data as of
September 30, 2001 includes Gibraltar Life assets and liabilities as of August
31, 2001, and consolidated income statement data includes Gibraltar Life
results for the period April 2, 2001 through August 31, 2001. Statistics for
Gibraltar Life are based on these dates as well.
We have made several dispositions that materially affect the comparability of
the data presented below. In the fourth quarter of 2000 we restructured the
capital markets activities of Prudential Securities, exiting its lead-managed
equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income
businesses. These businesses recorded a pre-tax loss of $122 million in the
nine months ended September 30, 2001, a pre-tax loss of $50 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 2000, a pre-tax loss of $620 million in the year
ended December 31, 2000, pre-tax income of $23 million in 1999, a pre-tax loss
of $73 million in 1998 and pre-tax income of $55 million in 1997. The loss from
these operations in the year 2000 included charges of $476 million associated
with our termination and wind-down of these businesses. In 2000, we sold
Gibraltar Casualty Company, a commercial property and casualty insurer that we
placed in wind-down status in 1985. Gibraltar Casualty had no impact on results
in the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and recorded pre-tax losses of $7
million in the nine months ended September 30, 2000, $7 million in the year
ended December 31, 2000, $72 million in 1999, $76 million in 1998, $24 million
in 1997 and $29 million in 1996. In 1996, we sold substantially all of our
Canadian life insurance operations and policies in force and our Canadian
property and casualty insurer. These divested Canadian businesses generated
pre-tax income of $85 million in 1996, which reflects a $116 million gain on
disposal. In 1996, we sold substantially all of the remaining mortgage
servicing rights from our residential first mortgage banking business that we
had previously sold, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $229 million. We also
recognized a pre-tax loss of $41 million in 1998 and a pre-tax profit of $9
million in 1997 primarily related to our remaining obligations with respect to
this business.
26
You should read this summary consolidated financial and other data in
conjunction with "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Information",
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations", "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information"
and our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.
As of or for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30, As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
------------------ ------------------------------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income Statement Data: (in millions)
Revenues:
Premiums............... $ 9,112 $ 7,509 $ 10,221 $ 9,528 $ 9,048 $ 9,043 $ 9,999
Policy charges and fee
income................ 1,298 1,192 1,639 1,516 1,465 1,423 1,490
Net investment income.. 6,895 7,057 9,497 9,367 9,454 9,458 9,461
Realized investment
gains (losses), net... (270) (151) (288) 924 2,641 2,168 1,128
Commissions and other
income................ 3,332 4,272 5,475 5,233 4,416 4,381 4,512
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total revenues......... 20,367 19,879 26,544 26,568 27,024 26,473 26,590
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Benefits and expenses:
Benefits and expenses
other than sales
practices remedies and
costs................. 19,985 18,534 25,817 24,213 23,277 23,073 23,925
Sales practices
remedies and costs.... -- -- -- 100 1,150 2,030 1,125
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total benefits and
expenses.............. 19,985 18,534 25,817 24,313 24,427 25,103 25,050
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income from continuing
operations before
income taxes........... 382 1,345 727 2,255 2,597 1,370 1,540
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income taxes............ 30 679 406 1,042 970 407 180
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income from continuing
operations............. 352 666 321 1,213 1,627 963 1,360
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net gain (loss) from
discontinued
operations, net of
taxes.................. -- -- 77 (400) (521) (353) (282)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income.............. $ 352 $ 666 $ 398 $ 813 $ 1,106 $ 610 $ 1,078
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Division Data:
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
before income taxes(1):
U.S. Consumer
Division.............. $ 261 $ 802 $ 744 $ 659 $ 980
Employee Benefits
Division.............. 106 187 269 485 936
International
Division.............. 405 282 307 242 166
Asset Management
Division.............. 147 238 277 253 167
Corporate and Other.... (154) (212) (1,063) 272 (1,319)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total--Financial
Services Businesses.. 765 1,297 534 1,911 930
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Traditional
Participating Products
segment............... (383) 48 193 344 1,667
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total................. $ 382 $ 1,345 $ 727 $ 2,255 $ 2,597
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets............ $295,711 $304,202 $272,753 $285,094 $279,422 $259,571 $228,867
Long-term debt.......... 3,214 3,445 2,502 5,513 4,734 4,273 3,760
Total liabilities....... 273,606 283,838 252,145 265,803 259,027 239,853 210,344
Equity.................. 22,105 20,364 20,608 19,291 20,395 19,718 18,523
Equity excluding net
unrealized investment
gains and losses on
available-for-sale
securities............. 20,560 20,571 20,249 19,951 19,123 17,966 17,387
--------
(1) Prepared in accordance with GAAP. Operating results by division for periods
prior to 1998 are neither readily available nor practicable to obtain.
27
In managing our business, we analyze our operating performance separately for
our Financial Services Businesses and our Traditional Participating Products
segment using a non-GAAP measure we call "adjusted operating income". We
calculate adjusted operating income by adjusting our income from continuing
operations before income taxes shown above to exclude certain items. The items
we exclude are:
. realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges;
. sales practices remedies and costs;
. the gains, losses and contribution to income/loss of divested businesses
that do not qualify for "discontinued operations" accounting treatment
under GAAP; and
. demutualization costs and expenses.
Wind-down businesses that we have not divested remain in adjusted operating
income. We exclude our discontinued healthcare operations from income from
continuing operations before income taxes, as shown above.
The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall results
of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a substitute
for net income determined in accordance with GAAP, and you should note that our
definition of adjusted operating income may differ from that used by other
companies. However, we believe that the presentation of adjusted operating
income as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of
our results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations
and the underlying profitability factors of our businesses. We exclude realized
investment gains, net of losses and related charges, from adjusted operating
income, because the timing of transactions resulting in recognition of gains or
losses is largely at our discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is
heavily influenced by and fluctuates in part according to the availability of
market opportunities. Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions
could distort trends in the underlying profitability of our businesses. We
exclude sales practices remedies and costs because they relate to a substantial
and identifiable non-recurring event. We exclude the gains and losses and
contribution to income/loss of divested businesses because, as a result of our
decision to dispose of these businesses, these results are not relevant to the
profitability of our ongoing operations and could distort the trends associated
with our ongoing businesses. We exclude demutualization costs and expenses
because they are directly related to our demutualization and could distort the
trends associated with our business operations.
28
We show our revenues and adjusted operating income by division and for the
Traditional Participating Products segment, as well as a reconciliation of both
measures on a consolidated basis to their corresponding GAAP amounts, below.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
---------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating Results:
Financial Services Businesses:
Revenues(1):
U.S. Consumer Division............ $ 5,658 $ 6,039 $ 8,015 $ 7,530 $ 7,335
Employee Benefits Division........ 4,431 4,216 5,686 5,442 5,463
International Division............ 3,369 1,953 2,624 2,102 1,622
Asset Management Division......... 931 1,005 1,344 1,137 993
Corporate and Other............... 123 214 283 566 313
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total............................ 14,512 13,427 17,952 16,777 15,726
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Other amounts included in
consolidated revenues:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................... 3 (216) (379) 586 944
Revenues from divested
businesses....................... (15) 272 269 511 325
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues--Financial
Services Businesses............. 14,500 13,483 17,842 17,874 16,995
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Traditional Participating Products
segment:
Revenues(1)....................... 6,140 6,331 8,611 8,356 8,332
Other amounts included in
consolidated revenues:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................... (273) 65 91 338 1,697
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues--Traditional
Participating Products
segment......................... 5,867 6,396 8,702 8,694 10,029
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total consolidated revenues........ $20,367 $19,879 $26,544 $26,568 $27,024
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Financial Services Businesses:
Adjusted operating income
(loss)(2):
U.S. Consumer Division............ $ 323 $ 802 $ 740 $ 667 $ 852
Employee Benefits Division........ 159 311 387 400 440
International Division............ 398 262 322 233 157
Asset Management Division......... 155 236 276 252 166
Corporate and Other............... 55 77 (4) 137 (34)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total adjusted operating
income.......................... 1,090 1,688 1,721 1,689 1,581
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net................... 3 (216) (379) 586 944
Related charges(3)............... (7) 7 (29) (142) (225)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment gains,
net of losses and related
charges........................ (4) (209) (408) 444 719
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Sales practices remedies and
costs............................ -- -- -- (100) (1,150)
Divested businesses............... (122) (69) (636) (47) (196)
Demutualization costs and
expenses......................... (199) (113) (143) (75) (24)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing
operations before income
taxes--Financial Services
Businesses...................... 765 1,297 534 1,911 930
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Traditional Participating Products
segment:
Adjusted operating income(2)...... 289 301 547 316 206
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net................... (273) 65 91 338 1,697
Dividends to policyholders(4).... (399) (318) (445) (310) (236)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment gains,
net of losses and related
charges........................ (672) (253) (354) 28 1,461
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income
taxes--Traditional
Participating Products
segment......................... (383) 48 193 344 1,667
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Consolidated income from continuing
operations before income taxes.... $ 382 $ 1,345 $ 727 $ 2,255 $ 2,597
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues by division exclude (i) realized investment gains, net and (ii)
revenues from divested businesses. Revenues for the Traditional
Participating Products segment exclude realized investment gains, net.
(2) Adjusted operating income equals revenues as defined above in footnote (1)
less benefits and expenses excluding (i) the impact of net realized
investment gains on deferred acquisition cost amortization, reserves and
dividends to policyholders; (ii) sales practices remedies and costs; (iii)
the benefits and expenses of divested businesses; and (iv) demutualization
costs and expenses.
29
(3) Net realized investment gains impact our reserves for future policy
benefits, our deferred policy acquisition costs, and our policyholder
dividends. We refer to these impacts collectively as the "related charges".
Related charges for the Financial Services Businesses consist of the
following:
Nine Months
Ended Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
--------------- ------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------ ---- ----- -----
(in millions)
Reserves for future policy benefits..... $ 2 $ 2 $(36) $(147) $(218)
Amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs...................... 1 5 7 5 (7)
Dividends to policyholders.............. (10) -- -- -- --
------- ------ ---- ----- -----
Total.................................. $ (7) $ 7 $(29) $(142) $(225)
======= ====== ==== ===== =====
We adjust the reserves for some of our policies when cash flows related to
these policies are affected by net realized investment gains and the
related charge for reserves for future policy benefits represents that
adjustment. We amortize deferred policy acquisition costs for certain
investment-type products based on estimated gross profits, which include
net realized investment gains on the underlying invested assets, and the
related charge for amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
represents the amortization related to net realized investment gains. As
part of our acquisition of Gibraltar Life, we will pay existing Gibraltar
Life policyholders a dividend generally equal to 70% of any net realized
investment gains from the collection or disposition of loans and investment
real estate in excess of the value of such assets included in the
Reorganization Plan. The related charge for dividends to policyholders
represents the portion of our expense charge for policyholder dividends
attributable to net realized investment gains on these assets during the
period.
(4) Net realized investment gains is one of the elements that we consider in
establishing the dividend scale, and the related charge for dividends to
policyholders represents the estimated portion of our expense charge for
policyholder dividends that is attributable to net realized investment
gains that we consider in determining our dividend scale. These gains are
reflected in the dividend scale over a number of years.
We have included below, on an adjusted operating income basis, supplemental
condensed financial information for the Financial Services Businesses and the
Traditional Participating Products segment. The Common Stock is expected to
reflect the performance of the Financial Services Businesses only. The
Financial Services Businesses will include the capital presently included in
the Traditional Participating Products segment in excess of the amount
necessary to support the Closed Block Business and the minor portion of
traditional insurance products historically included within the Traditional
Participating Products segment but which will not be included in the Closed
Block. Accordingly, the results of the Financial Services Businesses and the
Traditional Participating Products segment following the demutualization and
the issuances of the Common Stock and Class B Stock will not be comparable to,
and may vary materially from, the results reflected below. In periods
subsequent to issuance of the Class B Stock and the establishment of the Closed
Block Business, the measure of earnings used by management to evaluate results
of the Closed Block Business will not include any adjustments to reflect
results on an adjusted operating income basis.
Nine Months Ended Year Ended
September 30, 2001 December 31, 2000
------------------------ ------------------------
Traditional Traditional
Financial Participating Financial Participating
Services Products Services Products
Businesses Segment Businesses Segment
---------- ------------- ---------- -------------
(in millions)
Revenues(1).................. $14,512 $6,140 $17,952 $8,611
Expenses(2).................. 13,422 5,851 16,231 8,064
------- ------ ------- ------
Adjusted operating income.... $ 1,090 $ 289 $ 1,721 $ 547
======= ====== ======= ======
--------
(1) Excludes realized investment gains, net, and revenues from divested
businesses.
(2) Excludes impact of net realized investment gains on deferred acquisition
cost amortization, reserves and dividends to policyholders;
demutualization costs and expenses; and benefits and expenses of divested
businesses.
30
Other Data:
As of As of December 31,
September 30, --------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998
------------- ------ ------ ------
Assets Under Management and Administration
(at fair market value): (in billions)
Managed by Asset Management division:
Retail customers(1)........................ $ 92.8 $107.4 $108.5 $ 96.5
Institutional customers(2)................. 84.9 95.1 96.8 92.0
General account............................ 110.1 110.0 107.9 119.8
------ ------ ------ ------
Total proprietary assets under management.. 287.8 312.5 313.2 308.3
Managed by Retail Investments or Private
Client Group segments:
Non-proprietary wrap-fee and other domestic
assets under management(3)................ 45.0 50.5 44.8 36.9
International(4)........................... 40.5 8.1 5.3 3.6
------ ------ ------ ------
Total assets under management.............. 373.3 371.1 363.3 348.8
Client assets under administration.......... 190.9 221.8 232.9 197.7
------ ------ ------ ------
Total assets under management and
administration............................ $564.2 $592.9 $596.2 $546.5
====== ====== ====== ======
--------
(1) Consists of individual mutual funds, including investments in our mutual
funds through wrap-fee products, and both variable annuities and variable
life insurance assets in our separate accounts. Fixed annuities and the
fixed rate options of both variable annuities and variable life insurance
are included in our general account.
(2) Consists of third-party institutional assets and group insurance
contracts.
(3) Consists of wrap-fee assets gathered by the Private Client Group and
Retail Investments segments and funds invested in the non-proprietary
options of our investment products other than wrap-fee products.
(4) Consists primarily of general account assets supporting our International
Insurance segment, assets gathered by the International Securities and
Investments segment, and wind-down Canadian insurance operations.
September 30, 2001 amount includes $30.9 billion assets of Gibraltar Life,
acquired in April 2001.
As of As of December 31,
September 30, ----------------------------------
Employees and 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
Representatives: ------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Prudential Agents............ 4,928 6,086 7,818 8,868 10,115 12,126
Life Planners................ 3,999 3,495 2,884 2,332 1,908 1,603
Gibraltar Life Advisors (as
of August 31, 2001)......... 6,596 -- -- -- -- --
Financial Advisors........... 6,366 6,676 6,898 6,820 6,613 6,439
Total employees(1)........... 63,265 56,925 59,530 61,793 60,777 59,824
--------
(1) All periods exclude employees of our discontinued healthcare operations.
We discuss our net income and adjusted operating income under "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations".
Our principal executive offices are located at 751 Broad Street, Newark, New
Jersey 07102. Our telephone number is (973) 802-6000.
31
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information
The following summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial
information summarizes the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial
information and the accompanying notes included in this prospectus. This
information gives effect to the demutualization, this offering, the initial
public offering of Common Stock and the issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC
debt, as if they each had occurred as of September 30, 2001 for purposes of the
unaudited pro forma statement of financial position information and as of
January 1, 2000 for purposes of the unaudited pro forma statement of operations
information. We have provided this information for informational purposes only
and it is not necessarily indicative of our consolidated financial position or
results of operations had the demutualization, this offering, the initial
public offering of Common Stock and the issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC
debt been consummated on the dates assumed. It also does not project or
forecast our consolidated financial position or results of operations for any
future date or period.
Under the plan of reorganization, we have allocated approximately 616.4
million notional shares of Common Stock to eligible policyholders. The
information set forth below assumes that 160.1 million shares of these
allocated notional shares of Common Stock are not issued to eligible
policyholders who, under the plan of reorganization, are required to receive
payments in the form of cash or policy credits.
Number Percentage Ownership
of Shares of Shares Outstanding
------------- ---------------------
(in millions)
Common Stock Share Data:
Shares notionally allocated to eligible
policyholders............................ 616.4
Less shares allocated to eligible
policyholders who receive cash or policy
credits.................................. 160.1
-----
Shares issued to eligible policyholders... 456.3 81%
Shares issued in the initial public
offering................................. 110.0 19%
----- ----
Total shares of Common Stock outstanding.. 566.3 100%
===== ====
The data set forth below under Pro Forma for Demutualization, this Offering,
the Offering of the Common Stock and the Issuances of Class B Stock and IHC
Debt, give effect to the following:
. gross proceeds of $3,025 million from the issuance of Common Stock in the
initial public offering less assumed underwriting discount and estimated
offering expenses aggregating $136 million, or net proceeds from the
offering of $2,889 million, in each case based on an assumed initial public
offering price of $27.50 per share without giving any effect to exercise of
the underwriters' options to purchase additional shares;
. gross proceeds of $500 million from the offering of the units less assumed
underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses aggregating $20
million, or net proceeds from the offering of the units of $480 million;
. gross proceeds of $175 million, or $171 million of net proceeds, are raised
from the issuance of the Class B Stock, all of which will be allocated to
the Financial Services Businesses; and
. gross proceeds of $1,750 million, or $1,730 million of net proceeds, are
raised from the issuance of the IHC debt, all of which will be allocated to
the Financial Services Businesses, and 25% of which initially will be
deposited in a debt service coverage account as security for payment of
principal and interest on the IHC debt.
32
As of or for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Services Businesses Closed Block Business
---------------------------------- ------------------------------
Pro Forma for Pro Forma for Pro Forma for
Demutualization, Demutualization, Demutualization,
this Offering, this Offering, this Offering,
the Offering of the Offering of Historical the Offering of
the Common Stock the Common Stock Traditional the Common Stock
and Issuances of and Issuances of Participating and Issuances of
Class B Stock Class B Stock Products Class B Stock
Historical and IHC Debt Historical and IHC Debt Segment and IHC Debt
---------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------- ------------- ----------------
(in millions, except per share data)
Income (loss) from
continuing operations.. $ 352 $ 60 $ 705 $ 381 $ (353) $ (321)
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
per share of:
Common Stock........... -- $ 0.67 -- $ 0.67 -- --
Class B Stock.......... -- $(160.50) -- -- -- $(160.50)
Attributed equity....... $22,105 $ 20,692 $ 14,683 $ 19,729 $7,422 $ 963
Book value per share of:
Common Stock........... -- $ 34.84 -- $ 34.84 -- --
Class B Stock.......... -- $ 481.50 -- -- -- $ 481.50
For the Year Ended December 31, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Services Businesses Closed Block Business
----------------------------------- ------------------------------
Pro Forma for Pro Forma for Pro Forma for
Demutualization, Demutualization, Demutualization,
this Offering, this Offering, this Offering,
the Offering of the Offering of Historical the Offering of
the Common Stock the Common Stock Traditional the Common Stock
and Issuances of and Issuances of Participating and Issuances of
Class B Stock Class B Stock Products Class B Stock
Historical and IHC Debt Historical and IHC Debt Segment and IHC Debt
---------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------- ------------- ----------------
(in millions, except per share data)
Income (loss) from
continuing operations.. $321 $ 304 $ 234 $ 463 $87 $ (159)
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
per share of:
Common Stock........... -- $ 0.82 -- $ 0.82 -- --
Class B Stock.......... -- $(79.50) -- -- -- $(79.50)
On a pro forma basis (reflecting the demutualization, this offering, the
initial public offering of Common Stock and the issuances of the Class B Stock
and IHC debt) adjusted operating income, which is a non-GAAP measure, for the
Financial Services Businesses would have been $1,014 million and $1,882 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31,
2000, respectively. The pro forma adjusted operating income of the Financial
Services Businesses does not reflect, in either period, earnings on the $480
million of net proceeds from the units, or earnings on the $1,730 million of
net proceeds from the IHC debt and $171 million of net proceeds from the Class
B Stock.
The closing of the initial public offering of Common Stock is subject to the
completion of the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America and the private placement of the Class B Stock. The closing of this
initial public offering of the equity security units is subject to the closing
of the initial public offering of Common Stock. The issuance of the IHC debt is
not a condition to this offering or the initial public offering of Common
Stock.
33
RISK FACTORS
Before investing in the units, you should carefully consider the following
risk factors relating to us. These risks could materially affect our business,
results of operations or financial condition and cause the trading price of
the units and our Common Stock to decline. You could lose part or all of your
investment.
We could incur income statement charges if our insurance and annuity reserves
are inadequate.
Our reserves for future policy benefits and claims may prove to be
inadequate. We establish and carry, as a liability, reserves based on
estimates by actuaries of how much we will need to pay for future benefits and
claims. For our life insurance and annuity products, we calculate these
reserves based on many assumptions and estimates, including estimated premiums
we will receive over the assumed life of the policy, the timing of the event
covered by the insurance policy, the amount of benefits or claims to be paid
and the investment returns on the assets we purchase with the premiums we
receive. We establish property and casualty reserves based on assumptions and
estimates of damages and liabilities incurred. We establish disability and
long-term care reserves based on assumptions and estimates of morbidity rates,
policy and claim termination rates, benefit amounts, investment returns and
other factors. Our reserving assumptions and estimates are inherently
uncertain. Accordingly, we cannot determine with precision the ultimate
amounts that we will pay for, or the timing of payment of, actual benefits and
claims or whether the assets supporting the policy liabilities will grow to
the level we assume prior to payment of benefits or claims. If our actual
experience is different from our assumptions or estimates, our reserves could
be inadequate. This could result in income statement charges from benefit or
claim payments greater than the level used to establish or increase our
reserves.
We have retained contingent liabilities from discontinued, divested and wind-
down businesses that may require us to incur income statement charges.
We have retained insurance or reinsurance obligations and other contingent
liabilities in connection with our divestiture or winding down of various
businesses, and our reserves for these obligations and liabilities may prove
to be inadequate. In particular, in connection with the sale of our healthcare
operations, we retained all liabilities associated with litigation arising
from or related to the healthcare business that existed at August 6, 1999 or
that commenced within two years after that date with respect to claims
relating to events that occurred prior to August 6, 1999, as discussed in
relation to legal and regulatory matters below. In connection with the sale of
Gibraltar Casualty Company, we entered into a stop-loss agreement whereby we
reinsured the buyer for up to 80% of the first $200 million of adverse loss
development in excess of Gibraltar Casualty's reserves on the closing date of
the sale. Gibraltar Casualty's remaining insurance and reinsurance liabilities
primarily include significant exposure to asbestos, environmental and product
liability claims which involve substantial uncertainty as to, among other
things, the number and value of possible claims, the timing of resolution of
possible claims, responsibility for damages and other matters. While we
believe that as of September 30, 2001 we had adequately reserved in all
material respects for remaining costs and liabilities associated with our
divested and wind-down businesses, including the costs associated with the
healthcare litigation and the Gibraltar Casualty exposure, retained and
contingent liabilities in connection therewith could cause us to take
additional charges that could be material to our results of operations. See
"Business--Discontinued Operations--Healthcare" and "Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Consolidated
Results of Operations--Discontinued Operations" for a further discussion of
our discontinued healthcare business and "Business--Corporate and Other
Operations--Divested Businesses" and "--Wind-down Businesses" and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Consolidated Results of Operations--Divested Businesses" and "--
Results of Operations for Financial Services Businesses by Division and
Traditional Participating Products Segment--Corporate and Other Operations"
for a further discussion of Gibraltar Casualty and other divested and wind-
down businesses.
Catastrophe losses could materially reduce our profitability or cash flow.
Our personal lines property and casualty insurance operations expose us to
claims arising out of catastrophes, principally arising under our homeowners
insurance policies. Hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, wind, hail, fires,
explosions and other events may cause catastrophes, and the occurrence and
severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable. In accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, we do not establish reserves for
catastrophes in advance of their occurrence, and the loss or losses from a
single or multiple catastrophes could be material to our results of operations
or cash flow in particular quarterly or annual periods. Our catastrophe
exposure risk management program relies heavily on reinsurance to reduce our
34
catastrophe exposure, and the loss of availability of all or portions of our
reinsurance program could subject us to increased exposure, which could be
material. The cost of reinsurance affects the profitability of our property
and casualty insurance business. There have been, and in the future may be,
periods when reinsurance has not been available or at least not at acceptable
rates and levels. We also face credit risk with respect to our reinsurers and
other risk bearers, such as the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, in all
lines of our insurance business, including property and casualty insurance,
because the ceding of risk to them does not relieve us of our liability to
insureds. Our recovery of less than contracted amounts from our reinsurers and
other risk bearers could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations.
Interest rate fluctuations could negatively affect our profitability.
Changes in interest rates may reduce both our profitability from spread
businesses and our return on invested capital. Some of our products,
principally traditional whole life insurance, fixed annuities and guaranteed
investment contracts, expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates
will reduce our "spread", or the difference between the amounts that we are
required to pay under the contracts and the rate of return we are able to earn
on our general account investments intended to support our obligations under
the contracts. Declines in our spread from these products or other spread
businesses we conduct could have a material adverse effect on our businesses
or results of operations.
In periods of increasing interest rates, we may not be able to replace the
assets in our general account with higher yielding assets needed to fund the
higher crediting rates necessary to keep our interest sensitive products
competitive. We therefore may have to accept a lower spread and thus lower
profitability or face a decline in sales and greater loss of existing
contracts and related assets. In periods of declining interest rates, we have
to reinvest the cash we receive as interest or return of principal on our
investments in lower yielding instruments then available. Moreover, borrowers
may prepay fixed-income securities, commercial mortgages and mortgage-backed
securities in our general account in order to borrow at lower market rates,
which exacerbates this risk. Because we are entitled to reset the interest
rates on our fixed rate annuities and guaranteed investment contracts only at
limited, pre-established intervals, and since many of our policies have
guaranteed minimum interest or crediting rates, our spreads could decrease and
potentially become negative.
A decline in market interest rates available on investments could also
reduce our return from investments of capital that do not support particular
policy obligations, which also could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations.
Increases in interest rates may cause increased surrenders and withdrawals
of insurance products. In periods of increasing interest rates, policy loans
and surrenders and withdrawals of life insurance policies and annuity
contracts may increase as policyholders seek to buy products with perceived
higher returns. This process may lead to a flow of cash out of our businesses.
These outflows may require investment assets to be sold at a time when the
prices of those assets are lower because of the increase in market interest
rates, which may result in realized investment losses. A sudden demand among
consumers to change product types or withdraw funds could lead us to sell
assets at a loss to meet the demand for funds. In addition, unanticipated
withdrawals and terminations also may require us to accelerate the
amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. This would increase our
current expenses.
Changes in interest rates may reduce profitability or result in potential
losses in non-insurance businesses where we take principal risk on fixed-
income investments. We operate two fixed-income securities hedge portfolios in
our Other Asset Management segment in which we take principal positions that
we hedge with short positions and support through securities repurchase,
reverse repurchase and lending transactions. As of September 30, 2001, the
hedge portfolios had a total carrying value of approximately $4.0 billion,
reflecting both principal positions and securities financing positions. We
also run a commercial mortgage banking business in our Asset Management
division in which we make or purchase loans secured by commercial mortgages
and hold them until they can be aggregated in a combined investment fund, the
securities of which we sell to investors in a securitization transaction.
Similarly, we hold or "warehouse" other loan receivables pending sale in
securitization transactions. As of September 30, 2001, we held approximately
$1.2 billion of commercial mortgages and other loan receivables pending
securitization, substantially all of which is supported by financing. We hold
other inventory in our securities operations principally in connection with
our business with customers. We engage in corporate investment activities, in
which we borrow funds and use our asset/liability management techniques to
earn additional spread income on the borrowed funds. As of September 30, 2001,
the total indebtedness supporting these activities was approximately $1.5
billion.
35
Losses due to defaults by others could reduce our profitability or negatively
affect the value of our investments.
Third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets may not pay or
perform their obligations. These parties include the issuers whose securities
we hold, borrowers under the mortgage loans we make, customers, trading
counterparties, counterparties under swaps and other derivative contracts,
reinsurers, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses and other financial
intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to
bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, downturns in the economy or real estate values,
operational failure or other reasons. The current uncertain trend in the U.S.
and other economies has resulted in rising investment impairments, and a
further downturn could result in increased impairments. We recognized
consolidated impairments of fixed maturities of $540 million in 2000 as
compared to $266 million in 1999. We recognized consolidated impairments of
fixed maturities of $757 million in the first nine months of 2001 as compared
to $301 million in the first nine months of 2000. We currently expect, if
present economic and financial conditions persist, continued impairments in
the 2001 fourth quarterly roughly comparable to the average rate of
impairments in the first three quarters of 2001.
The default of a major market participant could disrupt the securities
markets or clearance and settlement systems in the United States or abroad. A
failure of a major market participant could cause some clearance and
settlement systems to assess members of that system, including our broker-
dealer subsidiaries, or could lead to a chain of defaults that could adversely
affect us. A default of a major market participant could disrupt various
markets which could in turn cause market declines or volatility.
Other market fluctuations and general economic, market and political
conditions may also negatively affect our business and profitability.
Our investment returns, and thus our profitability, may also be adversely
affected from time to time by conditions affecting our specific investments
and, more generally, by stock, real estate and other market fluctuations and
general economic, market and political conditions.
Our ability to make a profit on insurance products, fixed annuities and
guaranteed products depends in part on the returns on investments supporting
our obligations under these products and the value of specific investments may
fluctuate substantially depending on the foregoing conditions.
We also make investments in securities to support our customer operations in
our securities operations, including our market-making and other principal
trading activities to facilitate customer transactions, and our commercial
mortgage securitization operations. We also engage in proprietary trading of
equities, commodities and futures and take proprietary positions in our hedge
portfolios and our proprietary investment and syndication activities. The
foregoing activities expose us to significant market risk as we buy securities
or other assets, including assets to be repackaged, all of which are subject
to market fluctuation. Even though we generally buy the securities or other
assets for resale and the risk in most, but not all, cases is short-term, our
exposure is often for large amounts. We use a variety of strategies to hedge
our exposure to interest rate and other market risk. However, hedging
strategies are not always available, and our hedging could be ineffective. As
a result of exiting the lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate issuers
and institutional fixed income businesses, we are winding down related
portfolios of loans and loan commitments to clients of these businesses which,
at September 30, 2001, aggregated approximately $0.9 billion. We could incur
material losses from these activities.
The current uncertain trends in the U.S. and international economic and
investment climates have adversely affected our businesses and profitability
in 2001, and can be expected to continue to do so unless conditions improve.
Our profitability benefited from strong equity markets in 1998 through 2000,
and the decline in global stock markets has adversely affected, and can be
expected to continue to adversely affect, profitability of many of our
businesses.
A decline or increase in volatility in the securities markets may negatively
affect our businesses.
Our investment-based and asset management products and services and our
investment advisory and securities brokerage services expose us to the risk
that sales will decline and lapses of variable life and annuity products and
withdrawals of assets from other investment products will increase if, as a
result of a failure of the market to maintain its rate of growth, a market
downturn, increased market volatility or other market conditions, customers
become dissatisfied with their investments. A market downturn also would
result in lower account balances as a result of decreases in market value and
lower margin account balances. In many cases our fees in these businesses are
based on a percentage of the assets we manage and, if account values decline,
our fee revenue would decline. Declines in margin account balances would
result in a decline in our net interest
36
revenues. A market downturn also could result in a decline in the volume of
transactions that we execute for our customers, and therefore a decline in our
commission and fee revenue.
Our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2001
illustrate this risk. The substantial declines in U.S. and international
securities markets have resulted in substantially lower securities transaction
volume and asset valuations, resulting in substantial declines in commission
and related revenue in our U.S. Consumer, International and Asset Management
divisions and lower asset management fee income in our U.S. Consumer and Asset
Management divisions.
A downgrade in our claims-paying or credit ratings could limit our ability to
market products, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered
and/or hurt our relationships with creditors or trading counterparties.
Our claims-paying ratings, which are intended to measure our ability to meet
policyholder obligations, are an important factor affecting public confidence
in most of our products and, as a result, our competitiveness. The interest
rates we pay on our borrowings are largely dependent on our credit ratings.
You can read about our claims-paying ratings under "Business--Ratings".
On November 8, 2001, S&P downgraded Prudential Property & Casualty Insurance
Company's claims-paying rating, citing the potential for it to not meet our
operating performance objectives.
Following this downgrade, we believe that our claims-paying ability and
credit ratings are stable. However, downgrading of our claims-paying ratings
would limit our ability to sell our insurance and annuity products and
guaranteed contracts and would reduce our profitability. Downgrading of our
credit ratings would increase the cost of borrowing and reduce our
profitability.
Intense competition could negatively affect our ability to maintain or
increase our profitability.
Our businesses are intensely competitive. We compete based on a number of
factors including name recognition, service, the quality of investment advice,
investment performance, product features, price, perceived financial strength,
and claims-paying and credit ratings. Our competitors include insurers,
broker-dealers, financial advisors, asset managers and other financial
institutions. A number of our business units face competitors that have
greater market share, offer a broader range of products or have higher claims-
paying or credit ratings than we do.
In recent years, there has been substantial consolidation and convergence
among companies in the financial services industry, particularly as the laws
separating banking, insurance and securities have been relaxed, resulting in
increased competition from large, well-capitalized financial services firms.
In particular, a number of large commercial banks, insurance companies and
other broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired other
financial services businesses such as a broker-dealer or an insurance company.
Many of these firms also have been able to increase their distribution systems
through mergers or contractual arrangements. We expect consolidation to
continue and perhaps accelerate in light of the adoption of the Gramm-Leach-
Bliley Act, which we discuss below.
In recent years our rankings against competitors in sales of certain
investment and insurance products have declined. We continue our efforts to
strengthen and broaden both our distribution channels and our product
offerings but we cannot assure they will be successful. In particular, the
marketplace may make a more significant or rapid shift to non-affiliated and
direct distribution alternatives than we anticipate or are able to achieve
ourselves. If this happens, our rankings against competitors' market shares
and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to attract and retain sales representatives and other
employees, particularly Financial Advisors.
We compete to attract and retain Prudential Agents, Financial Advisors, Life
Planners, asset managers, research analysts, investment bankers and other
employees, as well as independent distributors of our products. Intense
competition exists for persons and independent distributors with demonstrated
ability. We compete with
37
other financial institutions primarily on the basis of our products,
compensation, support services and financial position. In particular, we have
experienced continuing turnover among Financial Advisors, including
experienced Financial Advisors, due in part to greater industry competition
for productive Financial Advisors and the lack of a stock-based compensation
program. While we have undertaken several initiatives with respect to our
Financial Advisors, these initiatives have resulted in increased expenses and
may not succeed in attracting or retaining new Financial Advisors. In
addition, our decision to exit the lead-managed equity underwriting for
corporate issuers and institutional fixed income businesses of Prudential
Securities, and to pursue our strategy of providing research of interest to
our investor clients is new, and its effect on our ability to attract and
retain Financial Advisors and research analysts is uncertain. Sales and
persistency in our businesses and our results of operations and financial
condition could be materially adversely affected if we are unsuccessful in
attracting and retaining sales representatives.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and foreign securities markets
could negatively affect our profitability.
Our foreign insurance operations generally write policies denominated in
local currencies and invest in local currencies. Although investing in local
currencies limits the effect of currency exchange rate fluctuation on local
operating results, fluctuations in such rates affect the translation of these
results into our consolidated financial statements. Our foreign securities
operations transact business in both local currencies and U.S. dollars.
Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may directly
affect these operations.
Our domestic and international insurance and securities businesses own
foreign securities and are subject to fluctuations in foreign securities
markets, which can be volatile. In the last several years, various emerging
market countries have experienced severe economic and financial disruptions,
including significant devaluations of their currencies and low or negative
growth rates in their economies. Interest rates in Japan have been at
historically low levels in recent years, and continued low or declining rates
could affect the profitability of our international insurance operations. The
possible effects of these conditions include losses in our securities
inventory positions and in our general account.
Our international operations face political, legal, operational and other
risks that could negatively affect those operations or our profitability.
Our international operations face political, legal, operational and other
risks that we do not face in our domestic operations. We face the risk of
discriminatory regulation, nationalization or expropriation of assets, price
controls and exchange controls or other restrictions that prevent us from
transferring funds from these operations out of the countries in which they
operate or converting local currencies we hold into U.S. dollars or other
currencies. Some of our foreign insurance operations are, and are likely to
continue to be, in emerging markets where these risks are heightened. In
addition, we rely on local sales forces in these countries and we may
encounter labor problems resulting from workers' associations and trade unions
in some countries. If our business model is not successful in a particular
country, we may lose all or most of our investment in building and training
the sales force in that country.
The terrorist attacks on the United States and ensuing events may have a
continuing negative impact on certain of our businesses.
Our losses arising from insurance claims in connection with the terrorist
attacks on September 11, 2001 had a negative effect on income from continuing
operations before income taxes, after release of existing policy reserves and
expected reinsurance recoveries, of approximately $50 million, and on net
income of approximately $30 million, for the nine months ended September 30,
2001. Gross losses from individual life, group life, accidental death and
dismemberment, disability and property and casualty insurance claims were
approximately $220 million. Our reinsurance programs provide coverage, with
stated deductible amounts and subject to contractual limits, for portions of
the risks we assume under some of our individual life insurance policies and
for catastrophic events that result in group insurance and individual life
insurance claims.
We cannot assess the future effects of the terrorist attacks, the ensuing
U.S. military and other responsive actions and the possibility of further
terrorist attacks on our businesses at this time. The terrorist attacks and
responsive actions have significantly adversely affected general economic,
market and political conditions, increasing many of the risks in our
businesses noted in the previous risk factors. This may have a negative effect
38
on our businesses and results of operations over time. In particular, the
declines and volatility in share prices experienced following the reopening of
the United States equity markets following the attacks have contributed and
may continue to contribute to a decline in assets under management and
administration, which in turn could have a negative effect on fees we earn
based on asset values in our U.S. Consumer, Employee Benefits and Asset
Management divisions. The transaction volume of our Private Client Group may
continue to be negatively affected if there is a decreased level of investor
activity as a result of continuing uncertainties.
Our general account investment portfolios include investments, primarily
comprised of debt securities, in industries that we believe may be adversely
affected by the terrorist attacks and responsive actions including airlines,
lodging and entertainment companies and non-life insurance companies, with a
total carrying value as of September 30, 2001 of approximately $3.0 billion,
excluding securities maturing within one year. We also have equity securities
in these industries with a carrying value of approximately $0.1 billion as of
September 30, 2001. The effect of these events on the valuation of these
investments is uncertain and could lead to increased impairments. The cost,
and possibly the availability, in the future of reinsurance covering terrorist
attacks for our individual life, group life, accidental death and
dismemberment, disability and property and casualty insurance operations is
uncertain. Although our ratings have not been affected by the terrorist
attacks on the United States and remain stable as discussed above, over time
the rating agencies could reexamine the ratings affecting the insurance
industry generally, including our companies.
Our businesses are heavily regulated and changes in regulation may reduce our
profitability.
Our insurance operations are subject to state insurance laws regulating all
aspects of our business and are regulated and supervised principally by state
insurance departments in the fifty states and U.S. territories and
possessions. Our principal insurance regulatory authorities are the New Jersey
Department of Banking and Insurance and the state insurance authorities in
other states where our insurance subsidiaries are organized. The purpose of
the state regulation of insurance is to protect policyholders and not our
shareholders. Foreign insurance regulatory authorities regulate our
international insurance operations. Products that are also "securities", such
as variable life insurance and variable annuities, are also subject to federal
and state securities laws and are regulated and supervised by the SEC, the
NASD and state securities commissions.
On November 11, 1999, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act was adopted. This federal
law permits the creation of financial services firms that can include
commercial banking, merchant banking, securities, insurance and investment
management activities under one holding company that would be subject to
federal regulation. We expect the legislation will result in increased
consolidation within the financial services industry. We cannot predict the
effect of this legislation or further consolidation on our competitive
position.
State insurance regulators and the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners regularly re-examine existing laws and regulations applicable to
insurance companies. Existing or future insurance-related laws and regulations
may become more restrictive and may adversely affect our profitability.
State insurance guaranty associations have the right to assess insurance
companies doing business in their state for funds to help pay the obligations
of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. Because the
amount and timing of an assessment is beyond our control, the reserves that we
have currently established for these potential liabilities may not be
adequate.
Our asset management, securities, banking and other operations are subject
to extensive regulation at the federal and/or state level by regulators
including the SEC, the NASD, the NYSE, the CFTC, the Department of Labor, the
FDIC, the OTS, the FTC, the Georgia Department of Banking and Finance, the
Pennsylvania Department of Banking, and state securities authorities, and are
subject to regulation in those jurisdictions outside the United States in
which the businesses operate. The requirements imposed by regulators are
generally designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to
protect customers and other third parties who deal with us, and are not
designed to protect our shareholders. As a result, regulatory requirements
often limit our activities, and we face the risk of significant intervention
by regulatory authorities.
Many of the foregoing regulatory or governmental bodies have the authority
to review our products and business practices and those of our agents and
employees and to bring regulatory or other legal actions against us if, in
their view, our practices, or those of our agents or employees, are improper.
These actions can result in substantial fines, penalties or prohibitions or
restrictions on our business activities and could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
39
Legal and regulatory actions are inherent in our businesses and could result
in financial losses or harm our businesses.
We are, and in the future may be, subject to legal and regulatory actions in
the ordinary course of our insurance, asset management, securities, investing
and other operations, both domestically and internationally. Pending legal and
regulatory actions include proceedings relating to aspects of our businesses
and operations that are specific to us and proceedings that are typical of the
businesses in which we operate, including in both cases businesses that we
have divested or placed in wind-down status. Some of these proceedings have
been brought on behalf of various alleged classes of complainants. In certain
of these matters, the plaintiffs are seeking large and/or indeterminate
amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages. Substantial legal liability
in these or future legal or regulatory actions could have a material financial
effect or cause significant reputational harm which in turn could seriously
harm our business prospects.
Regulatory authorities and customers brought significant regulatory actions
and civil litigation against us in the past involving sales of individual
permanent life insurance policies that we issued in the United States from
1982 to 1995. These proceedings alleged principally that we made
misrepresentations concerning the use of existing life insurance policies to
fund additional policies, the number of annual out-of-pocket cash premium
payments required to fund life insurance policies and the characterization of
policies as investments rather than life insurance policies. These
proceedings, substantial related negative publicity and our actions to improve
sales practice controls caused significant turnover and reduced headcount in
our Prudential Agent sales force, principally in 1996 and 1997. Primarily as a
result of this turnover, reduced headcount and negative publicity, we lost
policies, customer accounts and assets in our individual life insurance and
property and casualty insurance businesses. In 1996 we settled the insurance
regulatory proceedings and the principal life insurance sales practices class
action lawsuit. Pursuant to these settlements, we have distributed final
remedies to virtually all eligible class members through the alternative
dispute resolution process that we established. In addition, as of September
30, 2001, we remained a party to approximately 44 individual sales practices
actions filed by class members who "opted out" of the class settlement
relating to permanent life insurance policies we issued in the United States
between 1982 and 1995, as well as 36 sales practices actions filed by class
members who failed to "opt out" of the class settlement. Many of these suits
seek substantial punitive damages in addition to compensatory damages. You can
read about the life insurance related litigation in greater detail under
"Business--Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings--Insurance--Life Insurance
Sales Practices Issues".
We remain liable for certain litigation involving our divested healthcare
operations. This litigation includes purported class actions and individual
suits involving various issues, including payment of claims, denial of
benefits, vicarious liability for malpractice claims, contract disputes with
provider groups and former policyholders, and class actions challenging
practices of our former managed care operations. The class actions involve
purported nationwide classes of participants and multiple defendants and
allege, among other things, misrepresentation of the level and quality of
services, failure to disclose financial incentive agreements with physicians,
interference with the physician-patient relationship, breach of contract and
fiduciary duty, violations of ERISA, violations of and conspiracy to violate
RICO, deprivation of plaintiffs' rights to the delivery of honest medical
services and industry-wide conspiracy to defraud physicians by failing to pay
under provider agreements and by unlawfully coercing providers to enter into
agreements with unfair and unreasonable terms. The class actions are only in
the preliminary stage and the remedies sought include unspecified damages,
restitution, disgorgement of profits, treble damages, punitive damages and
injunctive relief. You can read about the healthcare related litigation in
greater detail under "Business--Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings--
Discontinued Operations".
Although we believe we have adequately reserved in all material respects for
the costs of our litigation and regulatory matters, we can provide no
assurance of this. It is possible that our results of operations or cash flow
in particular quarterly or annual periods could materially decline due to an
ultimate unfavorable outcome of these matters.
Employee misconduct is difficult to detect and deter and could harm our
business, results of operations or financial condition.
Employee misconduct could result in violations of law by us, regulatory
sanctions and/or serious reputational or financial harm. Employee misconduct
can occur in each of our businesses and could include:
. binding us to transactions that exceed authorized limits,
. hiding unauthorized or unsuccessful activities resulting in unknown and
unmanaged risks or losses,
40
. improperly using or disclosing confidential information,
. recommending transactions that are not suitable,
. engaging in fraudulent or otherwise improper activity,
. engaging in unauthorized or excessive trading to the detriment of
customers, particularly in our Private Client Group segment, or
. otherwise not complying with laws or our control procedures.
We cannot always deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to
prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. We cannot
assure you that employee misconduct will not lead to a material adverse effect
on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Changes in federal income tax law could make some of our products less
attractive to consumers and increase our tax costs.
In June 2001, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
was enacted. The 2001 Act contains provisions that will, over time,
significantly lower individual tax rates. This will have the effect of
reducing the benefits of deferral on the build-up of value of annuities and
life insurance products. The 2001 Act also includes provisions that will
eliminate, over time, the estate, gift and generation-skipping taxes and
partially eliminate the step-up in basis rule applicable to property held in a
decedent's estate. Some of these changes might hinder our sales and result in
the increased surrender of insurance products. We cannot predict the overall
effect on the sales of our products of the tax law changes included in the
2001 Act.
Congress has, from time to time, also considered other tax legislation that
could make our products less attractive to consumers, including legislation
that would reduce or eliminate the benefit of the current federal income tax
rule under which tax on the build-up of value of annuities and life insurance
products can generally be deferred until payments are actually made to the
policyholder or other beneficiary and excluded when paid as a death benefit
under a life insurance contract.
Congress, as well as foreign, state and local governments, also consider
from time to time legislation that could increase our tax costs. If such
legislation is adopted, our consolidated net income could decline.
We cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, what the
specific terms of any such legislation will be or how, if at all, it might
affect sales of our products.
Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to
unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could negatively affect our
businesses or result in losses.
We have devoted significant resources to develop our risk management
policies and procedures and expect to continue to do so in the future.
Nonetheless, our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks
may not be fully effective. Many of our methods of managing risk and exposures
are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior or statistics
based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future
exposures, which could be significantly greater than the historical measures
indicate. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of
information regarding markets, clients, catastrophe occurrence or other
matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us, which may
not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. Management
of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things,
policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of
transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully
effective.
Allocation of inadequate assets to the Closed Block could reduce net income
available to our shareholders.
The plan of reorganization requires us to establish and operate a Closed
Block for the benefit of holders of certain participating individual insurance
and annuity policies issued by The Prudential Insurance Company of America.
The Closed Block is a mechanism designed to provide for the reasonable
expectations for future policy dividends after demutualization of the holders
of the policies included in the Closed Block by allocating assets that will be
used for the payment of guaranteed benefits and policyholder dividends,
expenses and taxes on those policies. The policies that we will include in the
Closed Block are certain individual life insurance policies and individual
annuity contracts that are in force on the effective date of the
demutualization on which we are currently paying or expect to pay experience-
based policy dividends.
41
We initially will allocate assets to the Closed Block equal to approximately
26% of The Prudential Insurance Company of America's general account invested
assets as of December 31, 2000. This amount, together with the investment cash
flows they produce and the anticipated revenue from the Closed Block policies,
are expected to be reasonably sufficient to provide for all guaranteed Closed
Block policy benefits and expenses and taxes charged to the Closed Block, as
well as future policy dividends after demutualization in accordance with the
dividend scales in effect for 2000 (i.e. the dividend scales in effect on
December 15, 2000, the date the Board of Directors of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America adopted Prudential's plan of reorganization) if the
experience underlying these scales continues. These assets include public and
private fixed maturities, commercial and agricultural mortgages, public and
private equities and real estate. On November 13, 2001, The Prudential
Insurance Company of America's Board of Directors acted to reduce dividends,
effective January 1, 2002, on Closed Block policies to reflect unfavorable
investment experience that has emerged since July 1, 2000, the date the Closed
Block was originally funded. Closed Block dividends for 2002 are expected to
be approximately $240 million less than if the 2001 dividend scales (which
were a continuation of the year 2000 dividend scales) were maintained. See
"Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information--Unaudited
Pro Forma Closed Block Information" for a description of the establishment and
funding of the Closed Block.
We will operate the Closed Block for the benefit of the holders of the
policies included in the Closed Block, and cash flows provided by the Closed
Block Assets will solely benefit the holders of those policies and will not be
available for dividends to our shareholders. However, in the unlikely event
that poor results from business operations outside of the Closed Block
completely deplete The Prudential Insurance Company of America's surplus, The
Prudential Insurance Company of America may be required to use Closed Block
Assets to pay guaranteed benefits on policies not included in the Closed
Block. Closed Block policies will continue to be the obligation of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America, and we will remain obligated to pay
guaranteed policy benefits on these policies in accordance with their terms
should the assets of the Closed Block be insufficient to satisfy the claims.
If, over the period the Closed Block remains in existence, performance of the
Closed Block Assets is more favorable than we originally expected, we will pay
the excess to Closed Block policyholders as additional policyholder dividends,
and it will not be available to our shareholders. If performance is less
favorable, The Prudential Insurance Company of America will not be required to
support the payment of dividends on Closed Block policies from its general
funds, although it could choose to provide such support. If we were to make
substantial payments to the benefit of Closed Block policies from our general
funds, either in support of the payment of policyholder dividends or to
satisfy claims, a lower amount of assets and net income would be available to
our shareholders and the market price of our Common Stock could decline. The
Closed Block will continue in effect as long as any policy in the Closed Block
remains in force, which we currently expect will be at least 100 years.
We will also establish a separate closed block for the benefit of the owners
of the participating insurance policies issued by our remaining Canadian
branch. We will operate this closed block, which, because of the substantially
smaller number of outstanding Canadian policies, will be insignificant in
size, in a similar manner as the U.S. Closed Block and reflect it in our
Corporate and Other operations of our Financial Services Businesses.
Our ability to pay shareholder dividends may be affected by limitations
imposed on The Prudential Insurance Company of America and our other
subsidiaries.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will act as a holding company for all our
operations, and we do not intend that Prudential Financial, Inc. will have
significant operating businesses. Prudential Financial, Inc.'s principal
sources of revenues to meet its obligations, including the payment of
shareholder dividends and operating expenses, will be dividends and interest
from its subsidiaries. Prudential Financial, Inc.'s regulated insurance,
broker-dealer and various other subsidiaries are subject to regulatory
limitations on their payment of dividends and other transfers of funds to
affiliates.
New Jersey insurance law provides that, except in the case of extraordinary
dividends or distributions, all dividends or distributions paid by The
Prudential Insurance Company of America may be declared or paid only from
unassigned surplus, as determined pursuant to statutory accounting principles,
less unrealized capital gains and revaluation of assets. The Prudential
Insurance Company of America also must notify the New Jersey insurance
regulator prior to paying a dividend and if the dividend, together with other
dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months, would
exceed a specified statutory limit based on financial results under statutory
accounting principles, obtain a non-disapproval from the New Jersey insurance
regulator. You should note that results under statutory accounting principles
may not be as favorable as results under generally
42
accepted accounting principles. For a description of the statutory dividend
limit, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources". Upon demutualization,
unassigned surplus will be reduced to zero, thereby constraining The
Prudential Insurance Company of America's ability to pay dividends in the
initial years following demutualization. Unassigned surplus is expected to
grow thereafter in the ordinary course of business over time, including gains
from operations and any realized capital gains.
The laws regulating dividends of the other states in which our other
insurance companies are organized are similar, but not identical, to New
Jersey's. In addition, the net capital rules to which our broker-dealer
subsidiaries are subject may limit their ability to pay dividends to
Prudential Financial, Inc. The laws of foreign countries may also limit the
ability of our insurance and other subsidiaries organized in those countries
to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
We cannot assure that Prudential Financial, Inc.'s subsidiaries will have
enough earnings to support dividend payments to Prudential Financial, Inc. in
an amount sufficient to fund Prudential Financial, Inc.'s cash requirements
and shareholder dividends. From time to time the National Association of
Insurance Commissioners and various state insurance regulators have
considered, and may in the future consider, proposals to further limit
dividend payments that an insurance company may make without regulatory
approval. These proposals, if enacted, could further restrict the ability of
our insurance companies to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
A legal challenge to the plan of reorganization could adversely affect the
terms of the demutualization and the market price of our Common Stock.
After a public hearing held on July 17 and 18, 2001, and subsequent approval
of the plan of reorganization by policyholder vote which closed on July 31,
2001, on October 15, 2001, the Commissioner of Banking and Insurance of the
State of New Jersey issued a Decision and Order approving our plan of
reorganization as well as an order approving our request for a destacking
extraordinary dividend in connection with our plan. Certain policyholders
sought a stay of the Decision and Order from the Commissioner which was denied
on October 30, 2001.
Before the Commissioner issued the Decision and Order, purported class
action lawsuits were commenced asserting that various aspects of the plan of
reorganization or the demutualization law are unfair or illegal on various
theories and seeking, among other things, to enjoin implementation of the plan
of reorganization and/or damages. In particular, purported class action
lawsuits have been filed in the Superior Court of New Jersey on behalf of
policyholders alleging that the plan of reorganization's provision for the
distribution of demutualization consideration to non-participating
policyholders and policyholders of subsidiaries violates the New Jersey
demutualization law and rights of participating policyholders and alleging
deficient disclosure to policyholders. These actions seek to enjoin
implementation of the demutualization and the payment of compensatory damages
to class members. In September and October 2001, we filed motions to dismiss
these lawsuits. In one of these actions, an amended complaint was filed and
now focuses on the distribution of demutualization consideration to
policyholders of subsidiaries and requests a declaration that, were such
distribution permitted by the New Jersey law governing the demutualization,
such law would be unconstitutional. We believe the actions filed are meritless
and will vigorously oppose them. Additional lawsuits may be filed.
The New Jersey law governing the demutualization provides that a
Commissioner's order approving or disapproving a plan of reorganization shall
be a final agency decision subject to appeal in accordance with, and within
the time period specified by, the rules governing the courts of the state of
New Jersey. Certain of the above policyholders have filed a notice of appeal
with the New Jersey appellate court that challenges the Commissioner's
approval of the plan, including the plan's provision for distribution of
consideration to non-participating policyholders. On December 6, 2001, these
policyholders made an application to stay the consummation of the
demutualization. The application will be briefed and submitted to the New
Jersey appellate court on December 10, 2001. We currently expect the court to
act on the application expeditiously. Other policyholders have also filed a
notice of appeal challenging various aspects of the plan.
Other litigants could request that the New Jersey courts stay or otherwise
enjoin consummation of the demutualization. Unless stayed or otherwise
enjoined, we plan to complete the demutualization and this offering. However,
a successful challenge to the plan or the Commissioner's Decision and Order
(including following consummation of the demutualization) could result in
monetary damages, a modification of the plan, or the Commissioner's approval
of the plan being set aside. In addition, a successful challenge would likely
result in substantial uncertainty relating to the terms and effectiveness of
the plan of reorganization, and a substantial period of time might be required
to reach a final determination. Such an outcome would likely negatively affect
holders of Common Stock and could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations or financial condition.
43
Regulatory requirements, provisions of our certificate of incorporation and
by-laws and our shareholder rights plan could delay, deter or prevent a
takeover attempt that shareholders might consider in their best interests.
Under the New Jersey statute governing the demutualization and our plan of
reorganization, for the three years after the effective date of the
demutualization, no person other than Prudential Financial, Inc., certain of
its subsidiaries or any employee benefit plans or trusts sponsored by us may
acquire 5% or more of the total voting power of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
Common Stock and, if issued, Class B Stock without the prior approval of the
New Jersey insurance regulator. In addition, various states in which our
insurance companies are organized, including New Jersey, must approve any
change of control of insurance companies organized in those states. Under most
states' statutes, an entity is presumed to have control of an insurance
company if it owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting stock of
that insurance company or its parent company. Federal, and in some cases
state, banking authorities would also have to approve the indirect change of
control of our banking operations. The federal securities laws could also
require reapproval by customers of our investment advisory contracts to manage
mutual funds, including mutual funds included in annuity products. In
addition, the New Jersey Business Corporation Act prohibits certain business
combinations with interested shareholders. These regulatory and other
restrictions may delay a potential merger or sale of Prudential Financial,
Inc., even if the Board of Directors decides that it is in the best interests
of shareholders to merge or be sold. These restrictions also may delay sales
or acquisitions of our subsidiaries.
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s certificate of incorporation and by-laws also
contain provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt that
shareholders might consider in their best interests. These provisions may
adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Common Stock and include:
. classification of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors into
three classes that serve staggered three-year terms,
. a prohibition on the removal of directors without cause,
. a restriction on the filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors by
shareholders,
. restrictions on the calling of special meetings by shareholders,
. a requirement that shareholders may take action without a meeting only by
unanimous written consent,
. advance notice procedures for the nomination of candidates to the Board
of Directors and shareholder proposals to be considered at shareholder
meetings, and
. supermajority voting requirements for the amendment of certain provisions
of the certificate of incorporation and by-laws.
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors also has authorized a
shareholders rights plan that will be effective upon the effective date of the
demutualization. This rights plan may also create obstacles that may delay,
deter or prevent a takeover attempt that shareholders might consider in their
best interests.
The price of our Common Stock may decline due to the large number of shares
that will be eligible for public sale following the demutualization.
Substantially all of the shares of our Common Stock distributed in the
demutualization will be eligible for resale in the public market without
restriction. It is possible that many of our policyholders might want to sell
their shares. Policyholders will not be able to sell their shares of Common
Stock until they receive a confirmation of the issuance of their shares. We
expect that policyholders will receive such confirmation within 45 days of the
effective date of the demutualization but it may happen earlier. Once a
policyholder receives this confirmation, the policyholder will be able to sell
shares either through the sales facility described below or by transferring
the shares to a brokerage account for sale.
Pursuant to the requirements of the New Jersey demutualization statute, we
will provide a program for a period of time beginning some time prior to the
second anniversary of the effective date of the demutualization
that permits each policyholder who receives 99 or fewer shares of Common Stock
in the demutualization, and other shareholders holding 99 or fewer shares, to
sell, at market prices and without brokerage commissions or similar fees, all
of his or her shares, or purchase shares to obtain ownership of 100 shares. We
estimate that when we complete the demutualization we will have approximately
4 million policyholders who will in total receive in excess of 166 million
shares that we believe would be eligible to participate in this commission-
free
44
program. In addition to the commission-free program, our transfer agent is
expected to offer a sales facility for policyholders holding 1,000 shares of
Common Stock or less to sell shares, at their own expense, through the
transfer agent. The sales facility will not be available until at least 30
days after the effective date of the demutualization, and a policyholder may
not use the sales facility until receiving the confirmation noted above. The
terms of the commission-free program and these sales procedures will be
designed in accordance with SEC requirements.
Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock, or uncertainty as to whether
sales of substantial amounts may occur, may adversely affect the price of the
Common Stock. We cannot predict what the effect, if any, on our Common Stock
price will be of future sales, or the availability of shares for future sales,
under the commission-free program, the foregoing sales procedures or
otherwise. We believe that in excess of 200 policyholders will be receiving
allotments in the demutualization equal to or in excess of 100,000 shares of
Common Stock. These policyholders typically are pension plans or other
entities which are subject to special fiduciary obligations and legal
requirements such as ERISA which may influence their decisions whether to
retain or sell shares. Significant sales by these larger holders could
adversely affect the price of the Common Stock.
Risks Related to our Acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co., Ltd., now
Gibraltar Life.
In April 2001, we completed the acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co.,
Ltd., a financially troubled Japanese life insurer now renamed "Gibraltar Life
Insurance Company, Ltd.", following reorganization proceedings which
substantially restructured its assets and liabilities. Gibraltar Life's
financial results from April 2, 2001 to August 31, 2001 are included in our
consolidated financial results as of and for the nine months ended September
30, 2001. Our initial financial commitment to Gibraltar Life totaled
approximately $1.2 billion. This acquisition involves a number of risks:
. Kyoei's results of operations and financial condition had deteriorated
over recent years, and this deterioration accelerated in 2000 prior to
Kyoei's filing for reorganization proceedings on October 20, 2000. There
is no assurance that we will be able to continue to operate Gibraltar
Life profitably or as to the level of such profitability.
. Gibraltar Life could experience post-reorganization policyholder
surrenders and withdrawals materially different from those we anticipate,
which could adversely affect our results. In addition, Gibraltar Life
could incur material losses, including deterioration of assets or lower
than expected investment returns.
See "Acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co., Ltd." and "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Consolidated Results of Operations--International Division--International
Insurance" for a discussion of Gibraltar Life and the acquisition.
Additional risks relevant to you as holder of our Common Stock, which you will
receive upon the settlement of the Purchase Contracts due to our issuance of
Class B Stock.
Holders of Common Stock will be common stockholders of Prudential Financial,
Inc. and will be subject to risks associated with an investment in Prudential
Financial, Inc. as a whole, including the Closed Block Business. We cannot
assure you that the market value of Common Stock will in fact reflect the
performance of the Financial Services Businesses as we expect. Even though we
will allocate all our consolidated assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and
cash flow between the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block
Business in order to prepare the supplemental combining financial information
regarding the Businesses, that allocation will not change the legal title to
any assets or responsibility for any liabilities and will not affect the
rights of any of our creditors. Further, holders of the Common Stock will not
have any legal rights related to specific assets of the Financial Services
Businesses. In any liquidation, holders of the Common Stock and Class B Stock
will be entitled to receive a proportionate share of the net assets of
Prudential Financial, Inc. that remains after paying all liabilities and the
liquidation preferences of any preferred stock. This liquidation proportion
will be based on the average market value per share of Common Stock,
determined over a specified trading period ending 60 days after the initial
public offering of Common Stock, and the issuance price per share of the Class
B Stock. Holders of Common Stock will be common stockholders of Prudential
Financial, Inc., and as such will be subject to all risks associated with an
investment in Prudential Financial, Inc. and all of our businesses, assets and
liabilities, including the Closed Block Business. For example, if the cash
flow of the Closed Block Business is insufficient to satisfy its liabilities,
the Financial Services Businesses and the holders of Common Stock would be
adversely affected.
45
If the Closed Block Business runs into financial difficulty, the value of
Common Stock may suffer for reasons having nothing to do with the prospects
for the Financial Services Businesses. Financial results of the Closed Block
Business, including debt service on the IHC debt, will affect Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s consolidated results of operations, financial position and
borrowing costs. Prudential Holdings, LLC's assets, including the net proceeds
of the IHC debt initially deposited in the debt service coverage account
established for the security of the holders of the IHC debt, and any
reinvested earnings thereon, and any other assets of Prudential Holdings, LLC
allocated to the Financial Services Businesses, could be used to satisfy such
debt service. This could affect the results of operations, financial position
or borrowing costs of the Financial Services Businesses or the market price of
the Common Stock. Repayment to the Financial Services Businesses of any inter-
business loan created upon use of the debt service coverage account to service
the IHC debt or to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc. for purposes of
the Closed Block Business will be subordinate to repayment of the IHC debt. In
addition, any net losses of the Closed Block Business, and any dividends or
distributions on, or repurchases of, the Class B Stock, will reduce the assets
of Prudential Financial, Inc. legally available for dividends on the Common
Stock. Accordingly, you should read financial information for the Financial
Services Businesses together with financial information for Prudential
Financial, Inc. as a whole. For a more detailed discussion of the IHC debt,
you should read "Demutualization and Related Transactions--Related
Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances--IHC debt".
Having two classes of common stock could create potential conflicts of
interest and the Board of Directors could make decisions that adversely affect
holders of Common Stock. Having two classes of common stock could give rise to
occasions when the interests of holders of one class might diverge or appear
to diverge from the interests of holders of the other class. Examples include:
. our decisions as to whether and when to issue shares of Common Stock in
exchange for Class B Stock,
. our decisions as to whether and when to approve dispositions of assets of
either the Financial Services Businesses or the Closed Block Business,
and
. our decisions as to whether to pay dividends on Common Stock and Class B
Stock.
Principles of corporate law may protect decisions of the Board of Directors
that have a disparate impact upon holders of Common Stock and Class B
Stock. To our knowledge New Jersey courts have not considered the duties of a
board of directors to holders of separate classes of common stock. However,
general principles of corporate law involving different treatment of two
classes of common stock, which we believe would apply in New Jersey, provide
that a board of directors has a fiduciary duty to all common stockholders
regardless of class or series. Under these principles and the related
principle known as the "business judgment rule", you may not be able to
challenge decisions that have a disparate impact upon holders of Common Stock
and Class B Stock if the Board of Directors:
. is disinterested and adequately informed with respect to such decisions,
and
. acts in good faith and in the belief that it is acting in the best
interests of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s stockholders.
The Board of Directors has sole discretion to allocate proceeds upon
issuances of Common Stock, or the costs of repurchases of Class B Stock, to
the Financial Services Businesses or the Closed Block Business. We may not
necessarily allocate proceeds from future issuances of Common Stock to the
equity of the Financial Services Businesses and we may not necessarily
allocate the costs of repurchases of Class B Stock to the equity of the Closed
Block Business. Although this is our present intention, the Board of Directors
retains discretion, subject to its fiduciary duties, whether to allocate the
proceeds of issuances of Common Stock, or the costs of repurchases of Class B
Stock, to the Financial Services Businesses or to the equity of the Closed
Block Business.
Exchanges or conversions of Class B Stock for or into Common Stock may be
disadvantageous to holders of Common Stock. We may exchange, in our discretion
at any time (including in anticipation of a merger or adverse regulatory or
accounting treatment of the separation of the Businesses or the tax treatment
of the Class B Stock or IHC debt), the Class B Stock for shares of Common
Stock. The Class B Stock is also mandatorily exchangeable in the event of a
sale of all or substantially all of the Closed Block Business or a "change of
control" of Prudential Financial, Inc. Any such exchange will provide for
delivery of shares of Common Stock having an aggregate average market value
equal to 120% of the then appraised "Fair Market Value" of the Class B Stock.
In addition, holders of Class B Stock may in their discretion, commencing in
2016, and in the event of
46
specified regulatory events at any time, convert their shares of Class B Stock
into shares of Common Stock having an aggregate average market value equal to
100% of the then appraised Fair Market Value of the Class B Stock. Any
exchange or conversion could occur at a time when either or both of the Common
Stock and Class B Stock may be considered to be overvalued or undervalued.
Accordingly, any such exchange or conversion may be disadvantageous to holders
of the Common Stock. In the future, if the Class B Stock is exchanged for or
converted into Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock then
obtainable by the Class B Stockholders might constitute a higher proportion of
the total shares of Common Stock then outstanding than the proportion
represented by (x) the number of shares of Class B Stock initially issued
divided by (y) the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding upon
completion of the demutualization (which is expected to be less than 1%). The
degree of any such proportionate increase would depend principally on: the
performance of the Closed Block Business over time and the valuation of the
Closed Block Business at the time of exchange or conversion; whether the
exchange or conversion implemented involves a premium; the number of any new
shares of Common Stock we issue after the demutualization for financing,
acquisition or other purposes or any repurchases of Common Stock that we may
make; and the market value of our Common Stock at the time of exchange or
conversion. In particular, in the event the Closed Block Business performs
well but the Financial Services Businesses and, accordingly, the market value
of our Common Stock, do not perform well, the number of new shares of Common
Stock issued upon an exchange or conversion would increase and, dependent on
the foregoing factors, could increase as a percentage of total outstanding
shares of Common Stock. For discussion of the specific exchange and conversion
rights, including the manner by which the appraised Fair Market Value of the
Class B Stock and the average market value of the Common Stock will be
determined for purposes of exchange or conversion and limitations on the
proportionate interest in the Common Stock which a holder of Class B Stock can
obtain upon exchange or conversion, see "Description of Capital Stock--Common
Stock--Exchange and Conversion Provisions".
Stockholders will not vote on how to allocate consideration received in
connection with a merger among holders of Common Stock and holders of Class B
Stock. Our certificate of incorporation will contain provisions governing how
holders of Class B Stock will be treated in connection with certain mergers,
consolidations or other business combinations involving Prudential Financial,
Inc. See "Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock--Exchange and Conversion
Provisions". Unless otherwise required by law, neither holders of Common Stock
nor holders of Class B Stock will have a separate class vote in any merger,
consolidation or other business combination.
We may dispose of assets of either the Financial Services Businesses or the
Closed Block Business without your approval. New Jersey law requires
stockholder approval only for a sale or other disposition of all or
substantially all of the assets of Prudential Financial, Inc. As long as the
assets attributed to the Financial Services Businesses or the Closed Block
Business represent less than substantially all of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
assets, we may approve sales and other dispositions of any amount of the
assets of either the Financial Services Businesses or the Closed Block
Business without any stockholder approval. In addition, if we sell all or
substantially all of the assets of the Closed Block Business, we will be
required to exchange all outstanding shares of Class B Stock into shares of
Common Stock at 120% of the appraised Fair Market Value of the Class B Stock.
Because such an exchange of Common Stock for Class B Stock would be at a
premium, and the exchange could occur at a time when either or both of the
Common Stock and Class B Stock may be considered to be overvalued or
undervalued, any such exchange may be disadvantageous to holders of the Common
Stock.
We will not pay dividends equally on Common Stock and Class B Stock. We have
the right to, and expect to, pay dividends on Common Stock or Class B Stock,
or both, in unequal amounts. Dividends declared on either class of stock may
not reflect:
. the performance of either the Financial Services Businesses or the Closed
Block Business,
. the amount of assets available for dividends on either class,
. the amount of prior dividends declared on either class, or
. any other factor.
Furthermore, we cannot pay cash dividends on the Common Stock for any period
if we choose not to pay dividends on the Class B Stock in an aggregate amount
at least equal to the lesser of the CB Distributable Cash Flow or the Target
Dividend Amount on the Class B Stock for that period. For a description of CB
Distributable Cash Flow and the Target Dividend Amount, see "Description of
Capital Stock--Common Stock--Dividend Rights".
47
In addition, net losses of the Closed Block Business, and any dividends or
distributions on, or repurchases of, Class B Stock, will reduce the assets of
Prudential Financial, Inc. legally available for dividends on Common Stock.
The Board of Directors may make operational and financial decisions
affecting the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business
differently. The Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, will make
operational and financial decisions and implement policies that affect the
businesses of the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business
differently. Examples include:
. any transfers of funds between the Financial Services Businesses and the
Closed Block Business as discussed below,
. the manner of accounting for any transfers of funds between the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business,
. allocation of funds for capital expenditures,
. other transactions between the Financial Services Businesses and the
Closed Block Business, and
. the allocation of business opportunities, resources and personnel.
Decisions of the Board of Directors may favor either the Financial Services
Businesses or the Closed Block Business at the expense of the other. For
example, a decision to provide funds for the Closed Block Business may
adversely affect the ability of the Financial Services Businesses to obtain
funds sufficient to implement its growth strategies.
The Board of Directors will have discretion to transfer assets between the
Businesses and to allocate earnings between the Businesses and to make such
transfers or allocations in a manner that is disadvantageous to holders of
Common Stock. While all our assets and liabilities will be allocated between
the Businesses, we will be permitted to make transfers of assets and
liabilities between the Businesses in order to accomplish cash management
objectives, to fund, if necessary, unsatisfied liabilities of one Business
with the assets of the other, to pay taxes and to achieve other objectives
which we may deem appropriate, subject to regulatory oversight. In addition,
we will retain discretion over accounting policies and the appropriate
allocation of earnings between the two Businesses.
The Board of Directors will adopt certain policies with respect to inter-
business transfers and accounting matters, including allocation of earnings.
For a discussion of these policies, see "Demutualization and Related
Transactions--Related Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances--
Inter-Business Transfers and Allocation Policies". In the future, the Board of
Directors may modify, rescind or add to any of these policies, although it has
no present intent to do so. However, the decision of the Board of Directors to
modify, rescind or add to any of these policies would be subject to the Board
of Directors' general fiduciary duties. In addition, we have agreed with the
investors in the Class B Stock and the insurer of the IHC debt that, in most
instances, the Board of Directors may not change these policies without their
consent. As a result of the Board of Directors' discretion in these areas, an
investment in the Common Stock is riskier than an investment in the Common
Stock if the Class B Stock were not issued.
With respect to inter-business cash management transfers, the Board of
Directors has discretion to determine, among other things, whether a transfer
of cash from one Business to the other Business will be treated as either
reimbursement of expenses, investment income, return of principal or a
subordinated loan. The determination of the Board of Directors as to how to
account for a cash transfer will affect the amount of interest expense and
interest income reflected in the supplemental combining financial information
of the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business. Any inter-
business loan established to reflect usage of Prudential Holdings, LLC's debt
service coverage account to pay debt service on the IHC debt or dividends to
Prudential Financial, Inc. would accrete in principal amount by a floating
percentage per annum. Any such loan would not pay cash interest and the Closed
Block Business would repay the loan to the Financial Services Businesses when
earnings from the Closed Block Business replenish funds in the debt service
coverage account to a specified level. We retain the flexibility to lend
additional funds from the Financial Services Businesses to the Closed Block
Business for other purposes, including funding debt service on the IHC debt if
the funds in the debt service coverage account are insufficient.
If the Closed Block Business is unable to repay advances or loans owed to
the Financial Services Businesses, the Financial Services Businesses would be
adversely affected. Also, if the Financial Services Businesses extends an
advance or loan to the Closed Block Business at an interest rate below the
Financial
48
Services Businesses' cost of funds or opportunity cost, the Financial Services
Businesses' results would be adversely affected to the extent of the
difference.
The Board of Directors has discretion to transfer assets of the Financial
Services Businesses to the Closed Block, or use such assets for the benefit of
Closed Block policyholders, if it believes such transfer or usage is in the
best interests of the Financial Services Businesses. We may make any such
transfer or usage without requiring the Closed Block Business to repay any
amounts so transferred or used.
The Financial Services Businesses will bear any expenses and liabilities
from litigation affecting the Closed Block policies, subsequent reserve
reestimations (if any) with respect to specified incurred but not reported
death claims recorded as of demutualization and the consequences of certain
adverse tax determinations.
Holders of Common Stock will vote together with holders of Class B Stock and
will have limited separate voting rights. The Common Stock and Class B Stock
are separate classes of common stock under the New Jersey Business Corporation
Act. Holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock will vote together as a single
class, except as otherwise required by law and except that the holders of the
Class B Stock will have class voting or consent rights with respect to
specified matters directly affecting the Class B Stock. Such matters include
the selection of the appraisal firm for determining the Fair Market Value of
the Class B Stock for purposes of an exchange or conversion.
If an exchange or conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Stock
takes place, the separation of the two Businesses will cease. Upon an exchange
or conversion of all Class B Stock for or into Common Stock as herein
described, the Businesses would cease to be separated and the intended
benefits of the separation would also cease.
Holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock will participate in any
liquidation of Prudential Financial, Inc. based on the relative values of the
Common Stock and Class B Stock determined at the time of the offering, not at
the time of liquidation. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of Prudential Financial, Inc., holders of Common Stock and holders
of Class B Stock will be entitled to receive a proportionate share of the net
assets of Prudential Financial, Inc. that remain after paying all liabilities
and the liquidation preferences of any preferred stock. This proportion will
be based on the average market value per share of the Common Stock determined
over a specified trading period ending 60 days after the initial public
offering of Common Stock and the issuance price per share of the Class B
Stock. Since this proportion is not determined at the time of liquidation, the
proportionate interests of the holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock in
the remaining assets of Prudential Financial, Inc. will not reflect subsequent
growth or decline in the market value of either the Financial Services
Businesses or the Closed Block Business. Accordingly, holders of Common Stock
could be disadvantaged in any liquidation of Prudential Financial, Inc. if,
following the offering, the Financial Services Businesses achieve
disproportionately greater growth in market value than the Closed Block
Business. See "Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock--Liquidation
Rights".
We cannot predict the market price for Common Stock. We cannot predict the
prices at which the Common Stock will trade after the initial public offering.
Certain terms of the Common Stock and Class B Stock may adversely affect the
trading price of Common Stock. These terms include:
. the potential that shares of Class B Stock will be exchanged for or
converted into Common Stock, and
. the discretion of the Board of Directors in making determinations
relating to a variety of cash management and earnings allocation matters.
Having two classes of common stock may inhibit or prevent acquisition bids
for Prudential Financial, Inc. The existence of two classes of common stock
could present complexities and could in certain circumstances pose obstacles,
financial or otherwise, to an acquiring person. The existence of two classes
of common stock could, under certain circumstances, prevent holders of Common
Stock from profiting from an increase in the market value of their shares as a
result of a change in control of Prudential Financial, Inc. by delaying or
preventing such change in control.
Additional risks relevant to you as holder of the units.
You will bear the entire risk of a decline in the price of Common Stock. The
market value of the shares of Common Stock you will receive on , 2004,
the stock purchase date, may be materially different from the effective price
per share paid by you on the stock purchase date. If the average trading price
of Common Stock on the stock purchase date is less than $ per share, you
will, on the stock purchase date, be required to purchase shares of Common
Stock at a loss. Accordingly, a holder of units assumes the entire risk that
the market value of Common Stock may decline. Any such decline could be
substantial.
49
You will receive only a portion of any appreciation in Common Stock
price. The number of shares of Common Stock that we will issue upon settlement
may decline by up to % as the market value of Common Stock increases.
Therefore, your opportunity for equity appreciation will be less than if you
invested directly in Common Stock. In addition, if the average trading price
of Common Stock at the stock purchase date exceeds $ but is less than $
per share, you will receive no equity appreciation on Common Stock.
The trading price for Common Stock and the general level of interest rates
and our credit quality will directly affect the trading price for the
units. The trading prices of Common Stock, the general level of interest rates
and our credit quality will directly affect the trading prices of units in the
secondary market. It is impossible to predict whether the price of Common
Stock or interest rates will rise or fall. Our operating results and prospects
and economic, financial and other factors will affect trading prices of Common
Stock. In addition, market conditions can affect the capital markets
generally, therefore affecting the price of Common Stock. These conditions may
include the level of, and fluctuations in, the trading prices of stocks
generally and sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the market after
the offering of the units or the perception that those sales could occur.
Fluctuations in interest rates may give rise to arbitrage opportunities based
upon changes in the relative value of Common Stock underlying the purchase
contracts and of the other components of the units. The arbitrage could, in
turn, affect the trading prices of the units and Common Stock.
You may suffer dilution of Common Stock issuable upon settlement of your
purchase contract. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon
settlement of your purchase contract is subject to adjustment only for stock
splits and combinations, stock dividends and specified other transactions. The
number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon settlement of each purchase
contract is not subject to adjustment for other events, such as employee stock
option grants, offerings of Common Stock for cash or in connection with
acquisitions or other transactions which may adversely affect the price of
Common Stock. The terms of the units do not restrict our ability to offer
Common Stock in the future or to engage in other transactions that could
dilute Common Stock. We have no obligation to consider the interests of the
holders of the units in engaging in any such offering or transaction.
You do not have the same rights as holders of Common Stock. Until you
acquire shares of Common Stock upon settlement of your purchase contract, you
will have no rights with respect to Common Stock, including voting rights,
rights to respond to tender offers and rights to receive any dividends or
other distributions on Common Stock. Upon settlement of your purchase
contract, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of Common
Stock only as to actions for which the record date occurs after the stock
purchase date.
Your pledged securities will be encumbered. Although holders of units will
be beneficial owners of the underlying redeemable capital securities or
pledged treasury securities, the holders will pledge those securities with the
collateral agent to secure their obligations under the related purchase
contracts. Therefore, for so long as the purchase contracts remain in effect,
holders will not be allowed to withdraw their pledged redeemable capital
securities or treasury securities from this pledge arrangement, except upon
substitution of other securities as described in this prospectus.
The purchase contract agreement will not be qualified under the Trust
Indenture Act; the obligations of the purchase contract agent are limited. The
purchase contract agreement relating to the units will not be qualified under
the Trust Indenture Act. The purchase contract agent under the purchase
contract agreement, who will act as the agent and the attorney-in-fact for the
holders of the units, will not be qualified as a trustee under the Trust
Indenture Act. Accordingly, holders of the units will not have the benefits of
the protections of the Trust Indenture Act. Under the terms of the purchase
contract agreement, the purchase contract agent will have only limited
obligations to the holders of the units.
If a security is issued under an indenture, you as a holder would generally
have the following protections:
. the disqualification of the indenture trustee for "conflicting
interests" defined in the Trust Indenture Act;
. provisions that prevent a trustee which is also a creditor of the issuer
from improving its own credit position at the expense of you as the
security holder immediately before or after an indenture default; and
. the requirement that the indenture trustee deliver reports at least once
a year with respect to the indenture trustee and the securities issued
under the indenture.
The secondary market for the units may be illiquid. We are unable to predict
how the units will trade in the secondary market or whether that market will
be liquid or illiquid. There is currently no secondary market
50
for the units. We will apply to list the normal units on the New York Stock
Exchange. We will not initially list either the stripped units or the
redeemable capital securities; however, in the event that either of these
securities are separately traded to a sufficient extent that applicable
exchange listing requirements are met, we will attempt to list those
securities on the exchange on which the normal units are then listed. The
underwriters may make a market for the normal units; however, they are not
obligated to do so and any market making may be discontinued at any time.
There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any market that may develop
for the normal units, the stripped units or the redeemable capital securities,
your ability to sell such securities or whether a trading market, if it
develops, will continue. In addition, in the event that you were to substitute
treasury securities for pledged redeemable capital securities or treasury
securities, thereby converting your normal units to stripped units, the
liquidity of normal units could be adversely affected. We cannot provide
assurance that a listing application for stripped units or redeemable capital
securities will be accepted or, if accepted, that the normal units, stripped
units or redeemable capital securities will not be delisted from the New York
Stock Exchange or that trading in the normal units, stripped units or
redeemable capital securities will not be suspended as a result of elections
to create stripped units or recreate normal units through the substitution of
collateral that causes the number of these securities to fall below the
applicable requirements for listing securities on the New York Stock Exchange.
A dissolution of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I may affect the normal
units' market prices. A dissolution of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I
may affect the normal units' market prices. We will have the right to dissolve
the trust at any time.
We cannot provide assurance as to the impact on the market prices for normal
units if we dissolve the trust and distribute the debentures to holders of
redeemable capital securities in exchange for those redeemable capital
securities. Because normal units would then consist of debentures and related
purchase contracts, you are also making an investment decision with regard to
the debentures if you purchase units and should carefully review all the
information regarding the debentures contained in this prospectus.
Prudential Financial, Inc. guarantees distributions on the redeemable
capital securities only if Prudential Financial Capital Trust I has cash
available. Except as described below, you, as a holder of redeemable capital
securities, will not be able to exercise directly any other rights with
respect to the debentures.
The guarantee will be qualified as an indenture under the Trust Indenture
Act. The guarantee trustee, JPMorgan Chase Bank, will act as indenture trustee
under the guarantee for the purposes of compliance with the provisions of the
Trust Indenture Act. The guarantee trustee will hold the guarantee for your
benefit if you hold any of the redeemable capital securities.
If you hold any of the redeemable capital securities, the guarantee will
guarantee you, on a senior and unsecured basis, the payment of the following:
. any accumulated and unpaid distributions that are required to be paid on
the redeemable capital securities, to the extent the trust has funds
available for this purpose; and
. upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution of the trust, other than in
connection with the distribution of debentures to you, the lesser of (a)
the total of the stated liquidation amount and all accumulated and
unpaid distributions on the redeemable capital securities to the date of
payment to the extent the trust has funds available for this purpose and
(b) the amount of assets of the trust remaining available for
distribution to holders of the redeemable capital securities in
liquidation of the trust.
The holders of a majority in stated liquidation amount of the redeemable
capital securities will have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the guarantee trustee or
to direct the exercise of any trust or power conferred upon the guarantee
trustee under the guarantee. If the guarantee trustee fails to enforce the
guarantee or if Prudential Financial, Inc. has failed to make a guarantee
payment, any holder of the redeemable capital securities may institute a legal
proceeding directly against Prudential Financial, Inc. to enforce the holder's
rights under the guarantee without first instituting a legal proceeding
against the trust, the guarantee trustee or any other person or entity.
If Prudential Financial, Inc. were to default on its obligation to pay
amounts payable on the debentures or otherwise, the trust would lack funds for
the payment of distributions or amounts payable on redemption of the
redeemable capital securities or otherwise, and, in that event, a holder of
redeemable capital securities would not
51
be able to rely upon the guarantee for payment of these amounts. Instead, the
holder would rely on the enforcement:
. by the property trustee of its rights as registered holder of the
debentures against Prudential Financial, Inc. pursuant to the terms of
the indenture and the debentures; or
. by that holder of the property trustee's or that holder's own rights
against Prudential Financial, Inc. to enforce payments on the
debentures.
As a holder of redeemable capital securities, you will, by your acceptance,
be deemed to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the guarantee and
the indenture.
The right of the holders of redeemable capital securities to receive
distributions is subject to the prior claims of creditors of our subsidiaries
with respect to those creditors' claims.
Because Prudential Financial, Inc. operates as a holding company, its right
to participate in any distribution of assets of any subsidiary upon that
subsidiary's dissolution, winding-up, liquidation reorganization or otherwise
(and thus the ability of the holders of the redeemable capital securities to
participate indirectly from the distribution) is subject to the prior claims
of the creditors of that subsidiary, except to the extent that Prudential
Financial, Inc. may be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. Therefore,
the debentures will be effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other
obligations of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s subsidiaries. The subsidiaries of
Prudential Financial, Inc. are separate legal entities and have no obligations
to pay, or make funds available for the payment of, any amounts due on the
debentures, the redeemable capital securities or the guarantee.
The deferral of contract fee payments and distributions on the redeemable
capital securities may have an adverse effect on the trading price of the
units and redeemable capital securities. If no event of default under the
debentures has occurred and is continuing, we may defer the payment of
interest on the debentures, on one or more occasions, but not beyond ,
2006. Similarly, we have the option to defer contract fee payments. If we
defer interest payments on the debentures, Prudential Financial Capital Trust
I will defer quarterly distributions on the redeemable capital securities.
However, contract fee payments and distributions on the redeemable capital
securities will still accumulate quarterly and the deferred distributions will
themselves accumulate additional distributions at the deferred rate, to the
extent permitted by law. There is no limitation on the number of times that we
may elect to defer interest payments.
We have no current intention to defer any of those payments and
distributions. However, if we exercise our right in the future, the units and,
if they are separately traded, the redeemable capital securities, may trade at
prices that do not fully reflect the value of deferred interest on the
debentures or of the deferred contract fee payments in the case of the units.
If you sell your units or redeemable capital securities during a deferral
period, you may not receive the same return on your investment as a holder who
continues to hold the securities. In addition, our right to defer
distributions may mean that the market price of the units and the redeemable
capital securities may be more volatile than the market prices of other
comparable investments that do not have these rights. If a deferral occurs,
you will continue to recognize interest income for United States federal
income tax purposes in advance of your receipt of any corresponding cash
distribution. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences--Interest Income and
Original Issue Discount."
Holders of redeemable capital securities have limited rights under the
debentures. Except as described below, you, as a holder of redeemable capital
securities, will not be able to exercise directly any other rights with
respect to the debentures.
If an event of default under the declaration of trust of Prudential
Financial Capital Trust I were to occur and be continuing, holders of
redeemable capital securities would rely on the enforcement by the property
trustee of its rights as registered holder of the debentures against
Prudential Financial, Inc. In addition, the holders of a majority in stated
liquidation amount of the redeemable capital securities would have the right
to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any
remedy available to the property trustee or to direct the exercise of any
trust or power conferred upon the property trustee under the declaration,
including the right to direct the property trustee to exercise the remedies
available to it as the holder of the debentures.
The indenture provides that the debenture trustee must give holders of
debentures notice of all defaults or events of default within 90 days after it
becomes known to the trustee. However, except in the cases of a default or an
event of default in payment on the debentures, the debenture trustee will be
protected in withholding the notice if its responsible officers determine that
withholding of the notice is in the interest of such holders.
52
If the property trustee were to fail to enforce its rights under the
debentures in respect of an indenture event of default after a holder of
record of redeemable capital securities had made a written request, that
holder of record of redeemable capital securities may, to the extent permitted
by applicable law, institute a legal proceeding against Prudential Financial,
Inc. to enforce the property trustee's rights under the debentures. In
addition, if Prudential Financial, Inc. were to fail to pay interest or
principal on the debentures on the date that interest or principal is
otherwise payable, except for deferrals permitted by the declaration of trust
and the indenture, and this failure to pay were continuing, holders of
redeemable capital securities may directly institute a proceeding for
enforcement of payment of the principal of or interest on the debentures
having a principal amount equal to the aggregate stated liquidation amount of
their redeemable capital securities (a direct action) after the respective due
dates specified in the debentures. In connection with a direct action,
Prudential Financial, Inc. would have the right under the indenture to set off
any payment made to that holder by us.
The property trustee, as holder of the debentures, has only limited rights
of acceleration. The property trustee, as holder of the debentures, may
accelerate payment of the principal and accrued and unpaid interest on the
debentures only upon the occurrence and continuation of an indenture event of
default. An indenture event of default is generally limited to payment
defaults, breaches of specific covenants and specific events of bankruptcy,
insolvency and reorganization relating to us. There is no right to
acceleration upon default of our payment obligations under the guarantee.
Some of the statements contained in this prospectus, including those using
words such as "believes", "expects", "intends", "estimates", "assumes",
"anticipates" and "seeks", are forward-looking statements. These forward-
looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ
materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements for various
reasons, including those discussed in this section. In particular, statements
contained in this prospectus regarding our business strategies involve risks
and uncertainties, and we can provide no assurance that we will be able to
execute our strategies effectively or achieve our financial and other
objectives.
The price of the units, their components and, as with any common stock
investment, the price of our Common Stock may fluctuate widely depending on
many factors, including:
. the perceived prospects of our business in particular and the insurance,
asset management, securities and financial services industries generally;
. differences between our actual financial and operating results and those
expected by investors and analysts;
. changes in analysts' recommendations or projections;
. changes in general economic market conditions; and
. broad market fluctuations.
After the offering, because Prudential Securities is a member of the NYSE
and because of its relationship to Prudential Financial, Inc., it will not be
permitted under the rules of the NYSE to make markets in or recommendations
regarding the purchase or sale of the units, their components or the Common
Stock.
53
USE OF PROCEEDS
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I will invest substantially all of the
proceeds from the sale of the redeemable capital securities comprising part of
the units and all of the proceeds from the sale of the common securities in
the debentures issued by Prudential Financial, Inc.
Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $50 per unit, our net
proceeds from the offering of the units are estimated to be $480 million, or
$552 million if the underwriters' options to purchase additional units as
described under "Underwriting" are exercised in full, after deducting an
assumed underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
With respect to the related public offering of Common Stock, we estimate
that, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $27.50 per share,
Prudential Financial, Inc. will receive net proceeds of $2,889 million, or
$3,322 million if the underwriters' options to purchase additional shares are
exercised in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated
offering expenses payable by us.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will use the net proceeds of this offering and
the initial public offering of Common Stock, other than proceeds obtained from
any exercise of the underwriters' options to purchase additional shares and
units, to make certain cash payments to eligible policyholders in the
demutualization, and Prudential Financial, Inc. will retain any remaining net
proceeds, which we estimate will be $1,680 million if the underwriters'
options to purchase additional shares and units are exercised in full, for
general corporate purposes, including lending to subsidiaries.
We will satisfy our needs for cash payments in the demutualization from the
net proceeds of the public offering of Common Stock as well as any proceeds
from other financing transactions and/or internally generated funds.
In addition to this offering, the public offering of Common Stock and the
private placements of Class B Stock and the IHC debt, the plan of
reorganization governing the demutualization permits us, subject to any
required regulatory approvals, to raise funds for use in connection with the
plan of reorganization prior to, on or within 30 days after the effective date
of the demutualization through one or more of the following transactions:
. the offering of public or private debt;
. the offering of preferred stock or other equity securities or options,
warrants or other securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable
for any of the foregoing; and
. bank borrowings.
We retain flexibility to raise funds for general corporate purposes at any
time.
54
DIVIDEND POLICY
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors currently intends to declare
dividends on the Common Stock, payable once annually, and expects that the
first annual dividend will be $0.30 per share, which will be declared in
fourth quarter of 2002. The declaration of dividends is subject to the
discretion of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors and will depend
on our financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, future
prospects, regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s subsidiaries and such other factors as the Board of
Directors may deem relevant. Dividends payable by Prudential Financial, Inc.
are limited to the amount that would be legally available for payment under
New Jersey corporate law.
The declaration and payment of dividends on the Common Stock will depend
upon the financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, future
prospects and other factors relating to the Financial Services Businesses, as
well as regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s subsidiaries. Dividends declared and paid on the Common
Stock will not depend upon or be affected by the financial performance of the
Closed Block Business, unless the Closed Block Business is in financial
distress. Dividends declared and paid on the Common Stock also will not be
affected by decisions with respect to dividend payments on the Class B Stock
except as indicated in the following paragraph. Furthermore, dividends on the
Common Stock will be limited to the amount that would be legally available for
payment under New Jersey corporate law if the Financial Services Businesses
were treated as a separate corporation thereunder.
Dividends on the Class B Stock will be payable in an aggregate amount per
year at least equal to the lesser of (i) a "Target Dividend Amount" of $19.25
million or (ii) the amount of the "CB Distributable Cash Flow" for such year.
Notwithstanding this formula, as with any common stock, we will retain the
flexibility to suspend dividends on the Class B Stock; however, if CB
Distributable Cash Flow exists for any period and Prudential Financial, Inc.
chooses not to pay dividends on the Class B Stock in an aggregate amount at
least equal to the lesser of the CB Distributable Cash Flow or the Target
Dividend Amount for that period, then cash dividends cannot be paid on the
Common Stock with respect to such period. See "Description of Capital Stock--
Common Stock--Dividend Rights" for a discussion of the definition of CB
Distributable Cash Flow and the limited circumstances in which the Target
Dividend Amount may be adjusted.
In addition, the indenture governing the terms of Prudential Financial,
Inc.'s debentures issued to Prudential Financial Capital Trust I in connection
with this offering will prohibit, with limited exceptions, the payment of
dividends on our capital stock during a deferral by us of interest payments on
the debentures or an event of default under the indenture or the related
guarantee of Prudential Financial, Inc. We also have the option to defer
contract fee payments on the purchase contracts. If we elect to defer contract
fee payments, we will not be permitted, with limited exceptions, to pay
dividends on our capital stock during a deferral period. Dividends on the
Class B Stock could continue during a deferral of interest payments on the
debentures or a default or during a deferral of contract fee payments. See
"Description of the Equity Security Units--Description of the Debentures--
Restrictions on Certain Payments" and "Description of the Equity Security
Units--Description of the Purchase Contracts--Option to Defer Contract Fee
Payments."
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s principal source of revenues to pay dividends
on the Common Stock and Class B Stock and meet its obligations will be
dividends and interest income from its subsidiaries. There are regulatory
limits on the ability of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s regulated insurance,
broker-dealer and various other subsidiaries to pay dividends or otherwise
transfer funds to Prudential Financial, Inc. See "Risk Factors--Our ability to
pay shareholder dividends may be affected by limitations imposed on The
Prudential Insurance Company of America and our other subsidiaries" and "--
Additional risks relevant to you as holder of our Common Stock due to our
issuance of Class B Stock" for an explanation of the risks that may affect our
ability to pay dividends on the Common Stock.
55
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our consolidated short-term debt and
capitalization as of September 30, 2001:
. on an historical basis;
. on a pro forma basis to reflect (a) the demutualization, (b) the sale of
110.0 million shares of Common Stock in the initial public offering at an
assumed initial public offering price of $27.50 per share, after
deduction of assumed underwriting discount and estimated offering
expenses, and (c) the issuances of 2.0 million shares of Class B Stock in
a private placement and of $1,750 million of IHC debt, as if they had
occurred on September 30, 2001; and
. on a pro forma basis to reflect (a) the demutualization, (b) the initial
public offering of Common Stock, (c) the issuances of Class B Stock and
IHC debt, and (d) the sale of 10.0 million equity security units at an
assumed price of $50.00 per unit, after deduction of assumed underwriting
discount and estimated offering expenses, as if they had occurred on
September 30, 2001.
We based the pro forma information below on the assumptions we have made
about (1) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount of cash and
policy credits that will be distributed to eligible policyholders in the
demutualization; (2) the number of shares of Common Stock that will be issued
to investors in the initial public offering; (3) the issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC debt; and (4) the number of equity security units that will be
issued to investors in this offering. We describe these assumptions in
"Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information". The
closing of the initial public offering of Common Stock is subject to the
completion of the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America and the private placement of the Class B Stock. The closing of this
initial public offering of the equity security units is subject to the closing
of the initial public offering of Common Stock. The issuance of the IHC debt
is not a condition to this offering or the initial public offering of Common
Stock. The pro forma information does not give effect to any other financing
transaction that may be consummated at the time of the demutualization. You
should read the following table together with the audited consolidated
financial statements and the information under the caption "Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information" elsewhere in this
prospectus.
As of September 30, 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pro Forma for
Demutualization,
the Offering of
Common Stock Class B the Common Stock
Initial Public Stock and and Issuances of
Demutualization Offering IHC Debt Class B Stock Unit Consolidated
Historical Adjustments Adjustments Adjustments and IHC Debt Adjustments Pro Forma
---------- --------------- -------------- ----------- ---------------- ----------- ------------
(in millions, except per share data)
Short-term debt:
Commercial paper...... $ 7,260 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 7,260 $-- $ 7,260
Notes payable......... 1,530 -- -- -- 1,530 -- 1,530
Current portion of
long-term debt....... 1,058 -- -- -- 1,058 -- 1,058
------- -------- ------ ------ ------- ---- -------
Total short-term
debt................. $ 9,848 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 9,848 $-- $ 9,848
======= ======== ====== ====== ======= ==== =======
Long-term debt:
Senior debt........... $ 2,225 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 2,225 $-- $ 2,225
Surplus notes......... 989 -- -- -- 989 -- 989
IHC debt.............. -- -- -- 1,750 1,750 -- 1,750
------- -------- ------ ------ ------- ---- -------
Total long-term debt.. 3,214 -- -- 1,750 4,964 -- 4,964
------- -------- ------ ------ ------- ---- -------
Guaranteed minority
interest in trust
holding solely
debentures of Parent
...................... -- -- -- -- -- 500 500
Equity:
Preferred stock, par
value $.01 per share;
10 million shares
authorized; no shares
issued and
outstanding.......... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Common Stock, par
value $.01 per share;
1.5 billion shares
authorized; 566.3
million shares issued
and outstanding for
pro forma............ -- 5 1 -- 6 -- 6
Class B Stock, par
value $.01 per share;
10 million shares
authorized; 2 million
shares issued and
outstanding for pro
forma................ -- -- -- 1 1 -- 1
Capital in excess of
par value............ -- 16,274 2,888 170 19,332 (26) 19,306
Net unrealized
investment gains and
losses on available-
for-sale securities.. 1,545 -- -- -- 1,545 -- 1,545
Accumulated other
comprehensive income
excluding net
unrealized investment
gains and losses on
available-for-sale
securities........... (166) -- -- -- (166) -- (166)
Retained earnings..... 20,726 (20,726) -- -- -- -- --
------- -------- ------ ------ ------- ---- -------
Total equity.......... 22,105 (4,447) 2,889 171 20,718 (26) 20,692(1)
------- -------- ------ ------ ------- ---- -------
Total capitalization.. $25,319 $ (4,447) $2,889 $1,921 $25,682 $474 $26,156(1)
======= ======== ====== ====== ======= ==== =======
-------
(1) If the IHC debt was not issued, consolidated pro forma equity would not be
impacted and consolidated pro forma capitalization would have decreased by
$1,750 million to $24,406 million.
For an allocation of capital between the Financial Services Businesses and
the Closed Block Business, see the supplemental unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated statement of financial position as of September 30, 2001
appearing in "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Information".
56
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- ------------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Ratio of earnings to fixed
charges......................... 1.18 1.23 1.80 1.83 1.44 1.53
For purposes of this computation, earnings are defined as income from
continuing operations before income taxes excluding undistributed income from
equity method investments, fixed charges and interest capitalized. Fixed
charges are the sum of gross interest expense, interest credited to
policyholders' account balances and an estimated interest component of rent
expense.
57
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION
We derived the selected consolidated income statement data and division and
segment operating results for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998
and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2000 and
1999 from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this
prospectus. We derived the selected consolidated income statement data for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and the selected consolidated balance
sheet data as of December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 from audited consolidated
financial statements not included in this prospectus.
We derived the selected consolidated income statement data and division and
segment operating results for the interim nine-month periods ended September
30, 2001 and September 30, 2000 and selected consolidated balance sheet data
as of September 30, 2001 from our unaudited interim consolidated financial
statements included in this prospectus. We derived the selected consolidated
balance sheet data as of September 30, 2000 from unaudited interim
consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. In the
opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements
include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments,
necessary for a fair statement. Results for the nine-month periods may not be
indicative of the results for the full year or any other interim period.
In April 2001 we completed the acquisition of Gibraltar Life, which has
adopted a November 30 fiscal year end. Consolidated balance sheet data as of
September 30, 2001 includes Gibraltar Life assets and liabilities as of August
31, 2001, and consolidated income statement data includes Gibraltar Life
results for the period April 2, 2001 through August 31, 2001. Statistics
reported for Gibraltar Life are based on these dates as well.
We have made several dispositions that materially affect the comparability
of the data presented below. In the fourth quarter of 2000 we restructured the
capital markets activities of Prudential Securities, exiting its lead-managed
equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income
businesses. These businesses recorded a pre-tax loss of $122 million in the
nine months ended September 30, 2001, a pre-tax loss of $50 million in the
nine months ended September 30, 2000, a pre-tax loss of $620 million in the
year ended December 31, 2000, pre-tax income of $23 million in 1999, a pre-tax
loss of $73 million in 1998 and pre-tax income of $55 million in 1997. The
loss from these operations in the year 2000 included charges of $476 million
associated with our termination and wind-down of these businesses. In 2000, we
sold Gibraltar Casualty Company, a commercial property and casualty insurer
that we placed in wind-down status in 1985. Gibraltar Casualty had no impact
on results in the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and recorded pre-tax
losses of $7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2000, $7 million
in the year ended December 31, 2000, $72 million in 1999, $76 million in 1998,
$24 million in 1997 and $29 million in 1996. In 1996, we sold substantially
all of our Canadian life insurance operations and policies in force and our
Canadian property and casualty insurer. These divested Canadian businesses
generated pre-tax income of $85 million in 1996, which reflects a $116 million
gain on disposal. In 1996 we sold substantially all of the remaining mortgage
servicing rights from our residential first mortgage banking business that we
had previously sold, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $229 million. We also
recognized a pre-tax loss of $41 million in 1998 and a pre-tax profit of $9
million in 1997 primarily related to our remaining obligations with respect to
this business.
58
You should read this selected consolidated financial and other information
in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations", "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed
Consolidated Financial Information" and our consolidated financial statements
included in this prospectus.
As of or for the
Nine Months
Ended September 30, As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(in millions)
Income Statement Data:
Revenues:
Premiums............... $ 9,112 $ 7,509 $ 10,221 $ 9,528 $ 9,048 $ 9,043 $ 9,999
Policy charges and fee
income................ 1,298 1,192 1,639 1,516 1,465 1,423 1,490
Net investment income.. 6,895 7,057 9,497 9,367 9,454 9,458 9,461
Realized investment
gains (losses), net... (270) (151) (288) 924 2,641 2,168 1,128
Commissions and other
income................ 3,332 4,272 5,475 5,233 4,416 4,381 4,512
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total revenues........ 20,367 19,879 26,544 26,568 27,024 26,473 26,590
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Benefits and expenses:
Policyholders'
benefits.............. 9,394 7,753 10,640 10,226 9,786 9,956 11,094
Interest credited to
policyholders' account
balances.............. 1,338 1,321 1,751 1,811 1,953 2,170 2,251
Dividends to
policyholders......... 2,108 2,050 2,724 2,571 2,477 2,422 2,339
General and
administrative
expenses.............. 6,946 7,297 10,083 9,530 9,037 8,525 8,241
Capital markets
restructuring......... -- -- 476 -- -- -- --
Sales practices
remedies and costs.... -- -- -- 100 1,150 2,030 1,125
Demutualization
expenses.............. 199 113 143 75 24 -- --
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total benefits and
expenses............. 19,985 18,534 25,817 24,313 24,427 25,103 25,050
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income from continuing
operations before
income taxes........... 382 1,345 727 2,255 2,597 1,370 1,540
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income taxes............ 30 679 406 1,042 970 407 180
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income from continuing
operations............. 352 666 321 1,213 1,627 963 1,360
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Discontinued operations:
Loss from healthcare
operations, net of
taxes................. -- -- -- -- (298) (353) (282)
Gain (loss) on disposal
of healthcare
operations, net of
taxes................. -- -- 77 (400) (223) -- --
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net gain (loss) from
discontinued
operations, net of
taxes................ -- -- 77 (400) (521) (353) (282)
--------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income.............. $ 352 $ 666 $ 398 $ 813 $ 1,106 $ 610 $ 1,078
========= ========= ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Division and Segment
Data:
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
before income taxes(1):
Individual Life
Insurance............. $ 219 $ 141 $ 108 $ 94 $ 196
Private Client Group... (162) 278 237 224 114
Retail Investments..... 91 207 233 180 343
Property and Casualty
Insurance............. 113 176 166 161 327
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total U.S. Consumer... 261 802 744 659 980
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Group Insurance........ 36 86 156 143 221
Other Employee
Benefits.............. 70 101 113 342 715
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total Employee
Benefits............. 106 187 269 485 936
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
International
Insurance............. 446 231 281 227 153
International
Securities and
Investments........... (41) 51 26 15 13
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total International... 405 282 307 242 166
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Investment Management
and Advisory
Services.............. 83 130 155 156 145
Other Asset
Management............ 64 108 122 97 22
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total Asset
Management........... 147 238 277 253 167
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Corporate and Other.... (154) (212) (1,063) 272 (1,319)
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total--Financial
Services Businesses.. 765 1,297 534 1,911 930
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Traditional
Participating Products
segment............... (383) 48 193 344 1,667
--------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Total................. $ 382 $ 1,345 $ 727 $ 2,255 $ 2,597
========= ========= ======== ======== ========
Balance Sheet Data:
Total investments
excluding policy
loans.................. $160,501 $ 164,334 $140,469 $151,338 $148,837 $146,594 $134,123
Separate account
assets................. 74,523 83,629 82,217 82,131 80,931 73,451 62,840
Total assets............ 295,711 304,202 272,753 285,094 279,422 259,571 228,867
Future policy benefits,
policyholders' account
balances and unpaid
claims and claim
adjustment expenses.... 134,667 103,263 104,130 102,887 104,301 105,615 105,816
Separate account
liabilities............ 74,523 83,629 82,217 82,131 80,931 73,451 62,840
Short-term debt......... 9,848 13,660 11,131 10,858 10,082 6,774 6,562
Long-term debt.......... 3,214 3,445 2,502 5,513 4,734 4,273 3,760
Total liabilities....... 273,606 283,838 252,145 265,803 259,027 239,853 210,344
Equity.................. 22,105 20,364 20,608 19,291 20,395 19,718 18,523
Equity excluding net
unrealized investment
gains and losses on
available-for-sale
securities............ 20,560 20,571 20,249 19,951 19,123 17,966 17,387
--------
(1) Prepared in accordance with GAAP. Operating results by division and
segment for periods prior to 1998 are neither readily available nor
practicable to obtain.
59
In managing our business, we analyze our operating performance by separately
considering our Financial Services Businesses and our Traditional
Participating Products segment. In addition, within the Financial Services
Businesses and the Traditional Participating Products segment we analyze our
operating performance using a non-GAAP measure we call "adjusted operating
income". We calculate adjusted operating income by adjusting our income from
continuing operations before income taxes shown above to exclude certain
items. The items we exclude are:
. realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges;
. sales practices remedies and costs;
. the gains, losses and contribution to income/loss of divested businesses
that we have sold but that do not qualify for "discontinued operations"
accounting treatment under GAAP; and
. demutualization costs and expenses.
Wind-down businesses that we have not divested remain in adjusted operating
income. We exclude our discontinued healthcare operations from income from
continuing operations before income taxes, as shown above.
The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall results
of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a substitute
for net income determined in accordance with GAAP and you should note that our
definition of adjusted operating income may differ from that used by other
companies. However, we believe that the presentation of adjusted operating
income as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of
our results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations
and the underlying profitability factors of our business. We exclude realized
investment gains, net of losses and related charges, from adjusted operating
income because the timing of transactions resulting in recognition of gains or
losses is largely at our discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is
heavily influenced by and fluctuates in part according to the availability of
market opportunities. Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions
could distort trends in the underlying profitability of our businesses. We
exclude sales practices remedies and costs because they relate to a
substantial and identifiable non-recurring event. We exclude the gains and
losses and contribution to income/loss of divested businesses because, as a
result of our decision to dispose of these businesses, these results are not
relevant to the profitability of our ongoing operations and could distort the
trends associated with our ongoing businesses. We also exclude demutualization
costs and expenses because they are directly related to our demutualization
and could distort the trends associated with our business operations.
60
We show our revenues and adjusted operating income by division and segment,
as well as a reconciliation of both measures on a consolidated basis to their
corresponding GAAP amounts, below.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
---------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Division and Segment Operating
Results:
Financial Services Businesses:
Revenues(1):
Individual Life Insurance....... $ 1,394 $ 1,362 $ 1,855 $ 1,723 $ 1,674
Private Client Group............ 1,630 2,095 2,689 2,509 2,317
Retail Investments.............. 1,115 1,229 1,631 1,551 1,532
Property and Casualty
Insurance...................... 1,519 1,353 1,840 1,747 1,812
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total U.S. Consumer........... 5,658 6,039 8,015 7,530 7,335
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Group Insurance................. 2,412 2,039 2,801 2,428 2,205
Other Employee Benefits......... 2,019 2,177 2,885 3,014 3,258
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total Employee Benefits....... 4,431 4,216 5,686 5,442 5,463
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
International Insurance......... 2,956 1,408 1,920 1,522 1,090
International Securities and
Investments.................... 413 545 704 580 532
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total International........... 3,369 1,953 2,624 2,102 1,622
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Investment Management and
Advisory Services.............. 618 647 874 768 740
Other Asset Management.......... 313 358 470 369 253
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total Asset Management........ 931 1,005 1,344 1,137 993
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Corporate and Other............. 123 214 283 566 313
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total......................... 14,512 13,427 17,952 16,777 15,726
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Other amounts included in
consolidated revenues:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................. 3 (216) (379) 586 944
Revenues from divested
businesses..................... (15) 272 269 511 325
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues--Financial
Services Businesses.......... 14,500 13,483 17,842 17,874 16,995
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Traditional Participating Products
segment:
Revenues(1)....................... 6,140 6,331 8,611 8,356 8,332
Other amounts included in
consolidated revenues:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................. (273) 65 91 338 1,697
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues--Traditional
Participating Products
segment...................... 5,867 6,396 8,702 8,694 10,029
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total consolidated revenues... $20,367 $19,879 $26,544 $26,568 $27,024
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Financial Services Businesses:
Adjusted operating income (loss)
(2):
Individual Life Insurance....... $ 242 $ 145 $ 114 $ 117 $ 178
Private Client Group............ (160) 278 237 224 114
Retail Investments.............. 143 214 239 174 249
Property and Casualty
Insurance...................... 98 165 150 152 311
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total U.S. Consumer........... 323 802 740 667 852
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Group Insurance................. 49 90 158 128 98
Other Employee Benefits......... 110 221 229 272 342
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total Employee Benefits....... 159 311 387 400 440
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
International Insurance......... 439 211 296 218 144
International Securities and
Investments.................... (41) 51 26 15 13
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total International........... 398 262 322 233 157
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Investment Management and
Advisory Services.............. 91 128 154 155 144
Other Asset Management.......... 64 108 122 97 22
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total Asset Management........ 155 236 276 252 166
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Corporate and Other............. 55 77 (4) 137 (34)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total......................... 1,090 1,688 1,721 1,689 1,581
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................. 3 (216) (379) 586 944
Related charges(3).............. (7) 7 (29) (142) (225)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment
gains, net of losses and
related charges.............. (4) (209) (408) 444 719
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Sales practices remedies and
costs.......................... -- -- -- (100) (1,150)
Divested businesses............. (122) (69) (636) (47) (196)
Demutualization costs and
expenses....................... (199) (113) (143) (75) (24)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes--Financial
Services Businesses.............. 765 1,297 534 1,911 930
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Traditional Participating Products
segment:
Adjusted operating income(2)...... 289 301 547 316 206
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net.................. (273) 65 91 338 1,697
Dividends to policyholders(4)... (399) (318) (445) (310) (236)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment
gains, net of losses and
related charges.............. (672) (253) (354) 28 1,461
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes--
Traditional Participating
Products segment................. (383) 48 193 344 1,667
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Consolidated income from
continuing operations before
income taxes..................... $ 382 $ 1,345 $ 727 $ 2,255 $ 2,597
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
61
--------
(1) Revenues by segment exclude (i) realized investment gains, net and (ii)
revenues from divested businesses. Revenues for the Traditional
Participating Products segment exclude realized investment gains, net.
(2) Adjusted operating income equals revenues as defined above in footnote (1)
less benefits and expenses excluding (i) the impact of net realized
investment gains on deferred acquisition cost amortization, reserves and
dividends to policyholders; (ii) sales practices remedies and costs; (iii)
the benefits and expenses of divested businesses; and (iv) demutualization
costs and expenses.
(3) Net realized investment gains impact our reserves for future policy
benefits, our deferred policy acquisition costs, and our policyholder
dividends. We refer to these impacts collectively as the "related
charges". Related charges for the Financial Services Businesses consist of
the following:
Nine Months
Ended Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
-------------- ------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ---- ----- -----
(in millions)
Reserves for future policy benefits..... $ 2 $ 2 $(36) $(147) $(218)
Amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs...................... 1 5 7 5 (7)
Dividends to policyholders.............. (10) -- -- -- --
------ ------ ---- ----- -----
Total................................. $ (7) $ 7 $(29) $(142) $(225)
====== ====== ==== ===== =====
We adjust the reserves for some of our policies when cash flows related to
these policies are affected by net realized investment gains and the
related charge for reserves for future policy benefits represents that
adjustment. We amortize deferred policy acquisition costs for certain
investment-type products based on estimated gross profits, which include
net realized investment gains on the underlying invested assets, and the
related charge for amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
represents the amortization related to net realized investment gains. As
part of our acquisition of Gibraltar Life, we will pay existing Gibraltar
Life policyholders a dividend generally equal to 70% of any net realized
investment gains from the collection or disposition of loans and
investment real estate in excess of the value of such assets included in
the Reorganization Plan. The related charge for dividends to policyholders
represents the portion of our expense charge for policyholder dividends
attributable to net realized investment gains on these assets during the
period.
(4) Net realized investment gains is one of the elements that we consider in
establishing the dividend scale, and the related charge for dividends to
policyholders represents the estimated portion of our expense charge for
policyholder dividends that is attributable to net realized investment
gains that we consider in determining our dividend scale. These gains are
reflected in the dividend scale over a number of years.
We have included below, on an adjusted operating income basis, supplemental
condensed financial information for the Financial Services Businesses and the
Traditional Participating Products segment. The Common Stock is expected to
reflect the performance of the Financial Services Businesses only. The
Financial Services Businesses will include the capital presently included in
the Traditional Participating Products segment in excess of the amount
necessary to support the Closed Block Business and the minor portion of
traditional insurance products historically included within the Traditional
Participating Products segment but which will not be included in the Closed
Block. Accordingly, the results of the Financial Services Businesses and the
Traditional Participating Products segment following the demutualization and
the issuances of the Common Stock and Class B Stock will not be comparable to,
and may vary materially from, the results reflected below. In periods
subsequent to issuance of the Class B Stock and the establishment of the
Closed Block Business, the measure of earnings used by management to evaluate
results of the Closed Block Business will not include any adjustments to
reflect results on an adjusted operating income basis.
Nine Months Ended Year Ended
September 30, 2001 December 31, 2000
------------------------ ------------------------
Traditional Traditional
Financial Participating Financial Participating
Services Products Services Products
Businesses Segment Businesses Segment
---------- ------------- ---------- -------------
(in millions)
Revenues(1).................. $14,512 $6,140 $17,952 $8,611
Expenses(2).................. 13,422 5,851 16,231 8,064
------- ------ ------- ------
Adjusted operating income.... $ 1,090 $ 289 $ 1,721 $ 547
======= ====== ======= ======
(1) Excludes realized investment gains, net, and revenues from divested
businesses.
(2) Excludes impact of net realized investment gains on deferred acquisition
cost amortization, reserves and dividends to policyholders;
demutualization costs and expenses; and benefits and expenses of divested
businesses.
62
Other Data:
As of As of December 31,
September 30, --------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998
------------- ------ ------ ------
(in billions)
Assets Under Management and Administration
(at fair market value):
Managed by Asset Management division:
Retail customers(1)....................... $ 92.8 $107.4 $108.5 $ 96.5
Institutional customers(2)................ 84.9 95.1 96.8 92.0
General account........................... 110.1 110.0 107.9 119.8
------ ------ ------ ------
Total proprietary ....................... 287.8 312.5 313.2 308.3
Managed by Retail Investments or Private
Client Group segments:
Non-proprietary wrap-fee and other assets
under management(3)...................... 45.0 50.5 44.8 36.9
International(4).......................... 40.5 8.1 5.3 3.6
------ ------ ------ ------
Total assets under management............ 373.3 371.1 363.3 348.8
Client assets under administration......... 190.9 221.8 232.9 197.7
------ ------ ------ ------
Total assets under management and
administration........................... $564.2 $592.9 $596.2 $546.5
====== ====== ====== ======
--------
(1) Consists of individual mutual funds, including investments in our mutual
funds through wrap-fee products, and both variable annuities and variable
life insurance assets in our separate accounts. Fixed annuities and the
fixed rate options of both variable annuities and variable life insurance
are included in general account.
(2) Consists of third-party institutional assets and group insurance
contracts.
(3) Consists of wrap-fee assets gathered by the Private Client Group and
Retail Investments segments and funds invested in the non-proprietary
options of our investment products other than wrap-fee products.
(4) Consists primarily of general account assets supporting our International
Insurance segment, assets gathered by the International Securities and
Investments segment, and wind-down Canadian operations. September 30, 2001
amount includes $30.9 billion assets of Gibraltar Life, acquired in April
2001.
As of As of December 31,
September 30, ----------------------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Employees and
Representatives:
Prudential Agents............ 4,928 6,086 7,818 8,868 10,115 12,126
Life Planners................ 3,999 3,495 2,884 2,332 1,908 1,603
Gibraltar Life Advisors (as
of August 31, 2001)......... 6,596 -- -- -- -- --
Financial Advisors........... 6,366 6,676 6,898 6,820 6,613 6,439
Total employees(1)........... 63,265 56,925 59,530 61,793 60,777 59,824
--------
(1) All periods exclude employees of our discontinued healthcare operations.
63
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information
presented below gives effect to the demutualization, this offering, the
initial public offering of Common Stock, and the issuances of the Class B
Stock and IHC debt as if they had occurred as of September 30, 2001 for
purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of
financial position and as of January 1, 2000 for purposes of the unaudited pro
forma condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months
ended September 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000. We prepared the
pro forma information based on the plan of reorganization and the assumptions
set forth below. See "Demutualization and Related Transactions" for a
description of the demutualization, a summary of the plan of reorganization
and the issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC debt.
The basic assumptions that we used in the pro forma information are as
follows:
. a total of 616.4 million notional shares of Common Stock are allocated to
eligible policyholders under the plan of reorganization; in this
allocation of notional shares we have assumed a price of $27.50 per share
of Common Stock:
. 35.6 million of these notionally allocated shares are not issued to
eligible policyholders who, under the plan of reorganization, are
required to receive payments in the form of policy credits rather than
in shares of Common Stock;
. 11.9 million of these notionally allocated shares are not issued to
eligible policyholders of certain policies that The Prudential
Insurance Company of America transferred to London Life Insurance
Company in connection with the sale of most of its Canadian branch
operations who, under the plan of reorganization, are required to
receive payments in the form of cash;
. 5.8 million of these notionally allocated shares, including 3.1 million
allocated to eligible existing Canadian policyholders, are not issued
to eligible policyholders located outside of the United States who,
under the plan of reorganization, are required to receive payments in
the form of cash;
. 29.7 million of these notionally allocated shares are not issued to
eligible policyholders because we cannot locate them; therefore they
are entitled, under the plan of reorganization, to receive payments in
the form of cash and a liability is established;
. 77.1 million of these notionally allocated shares are not issued to
eligible policyholders who are allocated 30 or fewer shares and who,
under the plan of reorganization, will receive cash unless the eligible
policyholder affirmatively elected to receive Common Stock; and
. 456.3 million of these notionally allocated shares are issued to
eligible policyholders under the plan of reorganization;
. 110.0 million shares of Common Stock are sold to investors at an assumed
initial public offering price of $27.50 per share, resulting in $3,025
million of gross proceeds, or $2,889 million of net proceeds;
. 10.0 million equity security units are sold to investors in this
offering at an assumed offering price of $50.00 per unit, resulting in
$500 million of gross proceeds, or $480 million of net proceeds;
. the underwriters do not exercise their options to purchase additional
shares of Common Stock or additional equity security units in these
offerings;
. $175 million of gross proceeds, or $171 million of net proceeds, are
raised from the issuance of the Class B Stock, which are allocated to
the Financial Services Businesses;
. $1,750 million of gross proceeds, or $1,730 million of net proceeds, are
raised from the issuance of the IHC debt by the Closed Block Business,
which are allocated to the Financial Services Businesses;
. income tax rates of 39.5% and 41.87% are used to compute the income tax
effects of the pro forma adjustments for the nine months ended September
30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000, respectively; and
. the Closed Block is established and operated as described below.
The closing of the initial public offering of Common Stock is subject to the
completion of the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America and the private placement of the Class B Stock. The closing of this
initial public offering of the equity security units is subject to the closing
of the initial public offering of Common Stock. The issuance of the IHC debt
is not a condition to this offering or the initial public offering of Common
Stock.
64
Prudential Financial, Inc. will use the net proceeds of this offering and
the initial public offering of the Common Stock to make cash payments to
certain eligible policyholders who will receive cash and will retain any
remaining proceeds for general corporate purposes, including lending to
affiliates. The pro forma information below does not give effect to any
financing transaction other than the issuances of the Common Stock, Class B
Stock, IHC debt, and units, that may be consummated at the time of the
demutualization.
We will account for the demutualization using the historical carrying values
of the assets and liabilities of The Prudential Insurance Company of America
including those attributable to the Closed Block. At the time of the
demutualization we are required to establish a Closed Block for the benefit of
holders of certain participating insurance and annuity policies. The
establishment of the Closed Block will have no impact on our consolidated
financial position or results of operations as of the date of demutualization.
Pro forma information for the Closed Block is presented below under "--
Unaudited Pro Forma Closed Block Information". The characteristics of the
major types of invested assets allocated to the Closed Block will be
substantially similar to the general account of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America.
We will determine the amount of cash or policy credits an eligible
policyholder will receive by multiplying the number of notional shares
allocated by the greater of:
. the initial public offering price, or
. an amount equal to the initial public offering price plus, if the average
closing price of the Common Stock for the first 20 days of trading is
greater than 110% of the initial public offering price, such excess above
110%, but not to exceed 10% of the initial public offering price.
For purposes of the pro forma financial statements, we have assumed the
amount of cash or policy credits is determined based upon an initial public
offering price of $27.50 per share.
The plan of reorganization provides that we will make cash payments in lieu
of Common Stock to each eligible policyholder who is allocated 50 or fewer
shares, or some other maximum cut-off number less than 50 that the Board of
Directors of The Prudential Insurance Company of America may specify, unless
the eligible policyholder affirmatively elected to receive shares. For
purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of
financial position, we assume that the Board of Directors establishes a cut-
off of 30 shares or less. The actual amount of cash payments to eligible
policyholders will depend on the actual initial public offering price per
share and whether the Board of Directors of The Prudential Insurance Company
of America lowers below 50 the cut-off number of shares for which cash
payments will be made in lieu of Common Stock.
We will allocate the entire net proceeds from the issuance of the Class B
Stock and the issuance of the IHC debt to our Financial Services Businesses,
which we believe should increase the value of the Financial Services
Businesses. The pro forma information does not reflect earnings on the net
proceeds of the Class B Stock or IHC debt, which would be included in the
Financial Services Businesses. Prudential Holdings, LLC will distribute most
of the net proceeds to Prudential Financial, Inc. for general corporate
purposes. Prudential Holdings, LLC will deposit 25% of the gross proceeds of
the IHC debt in a debt service coverage account which, together with
reinvested earnings thereon, will constitute a source of payment and security
for the IHC debt. To the extent we use such net proceeds to service payments
with respect to the IHC debt or to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
for purposes of the Closed Block Business, a loan from the Financial Services
Businesses to the Closed Block Business would be established. We believe that
the proceeds of issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC debt will reflect
capital in excess of that necessary to support the Closed Block Business and
that the Closed Block Business will have sufficient assets and cash flows to
service the IHC debt. The investors in the Class B Stock and the bond insurer
have agreed to this allocation and usage of issuance proceeds. The Closed
Block Business will be financially leveraged through the issuance of the IHC
debt, and dividends on the Class B Stock will be subject to prior servicing of
the IHC debt.
We based the pro forma information on available information and assumptions
we believe are reasonable. The pro forma information is not necessarily
indicative of our consolidated financial position or results of operations had
the demutualization, this offering, the initial public offering of the Common
Stock and the issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC debt actually occurred on
the dates assumed, and does not project or forecast our consolidated financial
position or results of operations for any future date or period.
Income (loss) from continuing operations for the Common Stock and Class B
Stock is determined based on the earnings allocated to those shares in
accordance with their terms and represents the earnings legally available
65
for the payment of dividends to those shares, respectively. For a discussion
of our policies with respect to inter-business transfers and accounting
matters, including the allocation of earnings, see "Demutualization and
Related Transactions--Related Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt
Issuances--Inter-Business Transfers and Allocation Policies".
Dividends declared and paid on the Class B Stock will depend upon the
financial performance of the Closed Block Business and, as the Closed Block
matures, the holders of the Class B Stock will receive the surplus of the
Closed Block Business no longer required to support the Closed Block for
regulatory purposes. Dividends on the Class B Stock will be payable in an
aggregate amount per year at least equal to the lesser of (i) a "Target
Dividend Amount" of $19.25 million or (ii) the "CB Distributable Cash Flow"
for such year, which is a measure of the net cash flows of the Closed Block
Business. Notwithstanding this formula, as with any common stock, we will
retain the flexibility to suspend dividends on the Class B Stock; however, if
CB Distributable Cash Flow exists and Prudential Financial, Inc. chooses not
to pay dividends on the Class B Stock in an aggregate amount at least equal to
the lesser of the CB Distributable Cash Flow or the Target Dividend Amount for
that period, then cash dividends cannot be paid on the Common Stock with
respect to such period. The principal component of "CB Distributable Cash
Flow" will be the amount by which Surplus and Related Assets, determined
according to statutory accounting principles, exceed surplus that would be
required for the Closed Block Business considered as a separate insurer;
provided, however, that "CB Distributable Cash Flow" counts such excess only
to the extent distributable as a dividend by The Prudential Insurance Company
of America under specified (but not all) provisions of New Jersey insurance
law. Subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors of Prudential
Financial, Inc., we currently anticipate that CB Distributable Cash Flow will
substantially exceed the Target Dividend Amount. For a detailed definition of
CB Distributable Cash Flow, see "Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock--
Dividend Rights".
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Prudential
Financial, Inc., holders of Common Stock and holders of Class B Stock will be
entitled to receive a proportionate share of the net assets of Prudential
Financial, Inc. that remains after paying all liabilities and the liquidation
preferences of any preferred stock. This liquidation proportion will be based
on the market value per share of the Common Stock, determined over a specified
trading period ending 60 days after the initial public offering of Common
Stock, and the issuance price per share of the Class B Stock. Assuming the
Common Stock were to have an average market value during the foregoing period
of $27.50 per share, each share of Common Stock would have one liquidation
unit and each share of Class B Stock would have 3.182 liquidation units (i.e.,
the $87.50 issuance price of the Class B Stock divided by $27.50). Since the
number of liquidation units of the Common Stock and Class B Stock is not
determined at the time of liquidation, the proportionate interests of the
holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock in the remaining assets of
Prudential Financial, Inc. in any liquidation will not reflect subsequent
growth or decline in the equity or market value of either the Financial
Services Businesses or the Closed Block Business. Accordingly, future changes
in total attributed equity for the Financial Services Businesses and the
Closed Block Business presented according to generally accepted accounting
principles will not impact the proportion of liquidation units afforded the
Common Stock and the Class B Stock.
You should read the pro forma information together with the consolidated
financial statements included in this prospectus and with the information
under "Demutualization and Related Transactions", "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business".
66
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as
of September 30, 2001
Pro Forma for
Demutualization,
the Offering
Issuances of the
Common Stock of Class B Common Stock
Initial Public Stock and and the Issuances
Demutualization Pro Forma for Offering IHC Debt of Class B Stock Unit
Historical (A) Adjustments Demutualization Adjustments Adjustments and IHC Debt Adjustments
-------------- --------------- --------------- -------------- ------------ ----------------- -----------
(in millions)
ASSETS
Total
investments..... $169,251 $ -- $169,251 $ -- $ -- $169,251 $ --
Cash and cash
equivalents..... 17,401 (2,120)(G) 14,794 2,889(B) 171 (N) 19,584 480 (C)
(327)(E) 1,730 (O)
(160)(F)
Deferred policy
acquisition
costs........... 6,751 -- 6,751 -- -- 6,751 --
Other assets..... 27,785 -- 27,785 -- 20 (O) 27,805 20 (C)
Separate account
assets.......... 74,523 -- 74,523 -- -- 74,523 --
-------- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
TOTAL ASSETS...... $295,711 $ (2,607) $293,104 $2,889 $1,921 $297,914 $ 500
======== ======== ======== ====== ====== ======== =====
LIABILITIES AND
EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Future policy
benefits........ $ 88,982 $ 979 (H) $ 89,961 $ -- $ -- $ 89,961 $ --
Policyholders'
account
balances........ 43,680 -- 43,680 -- -- 43,680 --
Unpaid claims and
claim adjustment
expenses and
policyholders'
dividends....... 4,242 -- 4,242 -- -- 4,242 --
Securities sold
under agreements
to repurchase... 15,171 -- 15,171 -- -- 15,171 --
Short-term and
long-term debt.. 13,062 -- 13,062 -- 1,750 (O) 14,812 --
Other
liabilities..... 33,946 817 (I) 34,807 -- -- 34,807 26 (C)
44 (J)
Separate account
liabilities..... 74,523 -- 74,523 -- -- 74,523 --
-------- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
Total
liabilities.... 273,606 1,840 275,446 -- 1,750 277,196 26
-------- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
Guaranteed
minority interest
in trust holding
solely debentures
of Parent........ -- -- -- -- -- -- 500 (C)
COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES
Consolidated
Pro Forma
--------------
ASSETS
Total
investments..... $169,251
Cash and cash
equivalents..... 20,064
Deferred policy
acquisition
costs........... 6,751
Other assets..... 27,825
Separate account
assets.......... 74,523
--------------
TOTAL ASSETS...... $298,414
==============
LIABILITIES AND
EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Future policy
benefits........ $ 89,961
Policyholders'
account
balances........ 43,680
Unpaid claims and
claim adjustment
expenses and
policyholders'
dividends....... 4,242
Securities sold
under agreements
to repurchase... 15,171
Short-term and
long-term debt.. 14,812
Other
liabilities..... 34,833
Separate account
liabilities..... 74,523
--------------
Total
liabilities.... 277,222
--------------
Guaranteed
minority interest
in trust holding
solely debentures
of Parent........ 500
COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES
EQUITY
Common Stock..... -- 5 (K) 5 1(B) -- 6 --
Class B Stock.... -- -- -- -- 1 (N) 1 --
Additional paid-
in capital ..... -- 16,274 (K) 16,274 2,888(B) 170 (N) 19,332 (26)(C)
Net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... 1,545 -- 1,545 -- -- 1,545 --
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income excluding
net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... (166) -- (166) -- -- (166) --
Retained
earnings........ 20,726 (20,726)(K) -- -- -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
Total equity.... 22,105 (4,447) 17,658 2,889 171 20,718 (26)
-------- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND EQUITY....... $295,711 $ (2,607) $293,104 $2,889 $1,921 $297,914 $ 500
======== ======== ======== ====== ====== ======== =====
EQUITY
Common Stock..... 6
Class B Stock.... 1
Additional paid-
in capital ..... 19,306
Net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... 1,545
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income excluding
net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... (166)
Retained
earnings........ --
--------------
Total equity.... 20,692 (1)
--------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND EQUITY....... $298,414
==============
-------
(1) If the IHC debt were not issued, consolidated pro forma equity would not
be impacted.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
67
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001
Pro Forma for
Demutualization,
Issuances the Offering of the
Common Stock of Class B Common Stock
Initial Public Stock and and the Issuances
Demutualization Pro Forma for Offering IHC Debt of Class B Stock
Historical (A) Adjustments Demutualization Adjustments Adjustments and IHC Debt
-------------- --------------- --------------- -------------- ----------- -------------------
(in millions, except per share information)
REVENUES
Premiums........ $ 9,112 $ -- $ 9,112 $ -- $ -- $ 9,112
Policy charges
and fee
income......... 1,298 -- 1,298 -- -- 1,298
Net investment
income......... 6,895 (22)(L) 6,873 -- -- 6,873
Realized
investment
losses, net.... (270) -- (270) -- -- (270)
Commissions and
other income... 3,332 -- 3,332 -- -- 3,332
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
Total
revenues....... 20,367 (22) 20,345 -- -- 20,345
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
BENEFITS AND
EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits....... 9,394 -- 9,394 -- -- 9,394
Interest
credited to
policyholders'
account
balances....... 1,338 -- 1,338 -- -- 1,338
Dividends to
policyholders.. 2,108 -- 2,108 -- -- 2,108
General and
administrative
expenses....... 6,946 -- 6,946 -- 105 (O) 7,051
Demutualization
expenses....... 199 -- 199 -- -- 199
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
Total benefits
and expenses... 19,985 -- 19,985 -- 105 20,090
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME
TAXES........... 382 (22) 360 -- (105) 255
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
Income taxes ... 30 200 (M) 221 -- (41)(O) 180
(9)(L)
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- -----------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS...... $ 352 $(213) $ 139 $ -- $ (64) $ 75
======= ===== ======= ===== ===== ===========
EARNINGS PER
SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted
income per share (D).. 566,300,000
-----------
Basic and
diluted income
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ 0.70 (1)
-----------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted loss per share (N).. 2,000,000
-----------
Basic and
diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $(160.50)(1)
-----------
Unit Consolidated
Adjustments Pro Forma
------------ ----------------
REVENUES
Premiums........ $ -- $ 9,112
Policy charges
and fee
income......... -- 1,298
Net investment
income......... -- 6,873
Realized
investment
losses, net.... -- (270)
Commissions and
other income... -- 3,332
------------ ----------------
Total
revenues....... -- 20,345
------------ ----------------
BENEFITS AND
EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits....... -- 9,394
Interest
credited to
policyholders'
account
balances....... -- 1,338
Dividends to
policyholders.. -- 2,108
General and
administrative
expenses....... 24 (C) 7,075
Demutualization
expenses....... -- 199
------------ ----------------
Total benefits
and expenses... 24 20,114
------------ ----------------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME
TAXES........... (24) 231
------------ ----------------
Income taxes ... (9)(C) 171
------------ ----------------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS...... $ (15) $ 60 (3)
============ ================
EARNINGS PER
SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted
income per share (D).. 566,300,000
----------------
Basic and
diluted income
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ 0.67 (2)
----------------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted loss per share (N).. 2,000,000
----------------
Basic and
diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ (160.50)(2)
----------------
-------
(1) In the calculation of earnings per share, income (loss) from continuing
operations applicable to the Common Stock and Class B Stock is $396
million and $(321) million, respectively.
(2) In the calculation of earnings per share, income (loss) from continuing
operations applicable to the Common Stock and Class B Stock is $381
million and $(321) million, respectively.
(3) If the IHC debt were not issued, consolidated pro forma income from
continuing operations would increase by $64 million to $124 million.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
68
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the
Year Ended December 31, 2000
Pro Forma for
Demutualization,
Issuances the Offering of
Common Stock of Class B the Common Stock
Initial Public Stock and and the Issuances
Demutualization Pro Forma for Offering IHC Debt of Class B Stock Unit
Historical (A) Adjustments Demutualization Adjustments Adjustments and IHC Debt Adjustments
-------------- --------------- --------------- -------------- ----------- ----------------- -----------
(in millions, except per share information)
REVENUES
Premiums........ $10,221 $ -- $10,221 $ -- $ -- $10,221 $ --
Policy charges
and fee
income......... 1,639 -- 1,639 -- -- 1,639 --
Net investment
income......... 9,497 (30)(L) 9,467 -- -- 9,467 --
Realized
investment
losses, net.... (288) -- (288) -- -- (288) --
Commissions and
other income... 5,475 -- 5,475 -- -- 5,475 --
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
Total revenues.. 26,544 (30) 26,514 -- -- 26,514 --
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
BENEFITS AND
EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits....... 10,640 -- 10,640 -- -- 10,640
Interest
credited to
policyholders'
account
balances....... 1,751 -- 1,751 -- -- 1,751 --
Dividends to
policyholders.. 2,724 -- 2,724 -- -- 2,724 --
General and
administrative
expenses....... 10,083 -- 10,083 -- 140 (O) 10,223 32(C)
Capital markets
restructuring.. 476 -- 476 -- -- 476
Demutualization
expenses....... 143 -- 143 -- -- 143 --
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
Total benefits
and expenses... 25,817 -- 25,817 -- 140 25,957 32
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME
TAXES........... 727 (30) 697 -- (140) 557 (32)
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
Income taxes ... 406 (100)(M) 293 -- (59)(O) 234 (13)(C)
(13)(L)
------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----------- -----
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS...... $ 321 $ 83 $ 404 $ -- $ (81) $ 323 $ (19)
======= ===== ======= ===== ===== =========== =====
EARNINGS PER
SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted income
per share (D).. 566,300,000
-----------
Basic and
diluted income
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ 0.85 (1)
-----------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted loss
per share (N).. 2,000,000
-----------
Basic and
diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ (79.50)(1)
-----------
Consolidated
Pro Forma
----------------
REVENUES
Premiums........ $10,221
Policy charges
and fee
income......... 1,639
Net investment
income......... 9,467
Realized
investment
losses, net.... (288)
Commissions and
other income... 5,475
----------------
Total revenues.. 26,514
----------------
BENEFITS AND
EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits....... 10,640
Interest
credited to
policyholders'
account
balances....... 1,751
Dividends to
policyholders.. 2,724
General and
administrative
expenses....... 10,255
Capital markets
restructuring.. 476
Demutualization
expenses....... 143
----------------
Total benefits
and expenses... 25,989
----------------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME
TAXES........... 525
----------------
Income taxes ... 221
----------------
INCOME FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS...... $ 304 (3)
================
EARNINGS PER
SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted income
per share (D).. 566,300,000
----------------
Basic and
diluted income
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ 0.82 (2)
----------------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in
the calculation
of basic and
diluted loss
per share (N).. 2,000,000
----------------
Basic and
diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share.......... $ (79.50)(2)
----------------
-------
(1) In the calculation of earnings per share, income (loss) from continuing
operations applicable to the Common Stock and Class B Stock is $482
million and $(159) million, respectively.
(2) In the calculation of earnings per share, income (loss) from continuing
operations applicable to the Common Stock and Class B Stock is $463
million and $(159) million, respectively.
(3) If the IHC debt were not issued, consolidated pro forma income from
continuing operations would increase by $81 million to $385 million.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
69
Our consolidated financial statements will contain supplemental combining
financial information separately reporting the financial position and results
of operations of the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block
Business. Presented below is supplemental unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated financial information which gives effect to the separate
allocation of results to the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed
Block Business. Historical results of the Financial Services Businesses and
the Closed Block Business are presented within the Supplemental Combining
Financial Information within the consolidated financial statements of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America. The supplemental unaudited pro forma
condensed consolidated financial information presented below gives effect to
the demutualization, this offering, the initial public offering of Common
Stock and the issuances of Class B Stock and IHC debt as if they had occurred
as of September 30, 2001 for purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated statement of financial position and as of January 1, 2000 for
purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of
operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and the year ended
December 31, 2000. We prepared the supplemental pro forma information based on
the plan of reorganization and the assumptions set forth above.
70
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as
of September 30, 2001
Financial Services Businesses Closed Block Business
----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
Pro Forma for Pro Forma for
Demutualization, Demutualization,
this Offering, the this Offering, the
Offering of the Historical Offering of the
Common Stock and Traditional Common Stock and
Issuances of Class Participating Issuances of Class
B Stock and IHC Products B Stock and IHC
Historical (A) Adjustments Debt Segment Adjustments Debt
-------------- ----------- ------------------ ------------- ----------- ------------------
(in millions)
ASSETS
Total
investments.... $106,566 $ 5,449 (P) $112,015 $62,685 $(5,449)(P) $57,236
Cash and cash
equivalents.... 13,209 862 (P) 16,734 4,192 (862)(P) 3,330
282 (B,E,F,G)
480 (C)
1,901 (Q)
Deferred policy
acquisition
costs.......... 5,525 -- 5,525 1,226 -- 1,226
Other assets.... 23,894 1,798 (P) 25,712 3,891 (1,798)(P) 2,113
20 (C) 20 (O)
Separate account
assets......... 74,523 -- 74,523 -- -- --
-------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
TOTAL ASSETS..... $223,717 $10,792 $234,509 $71,994 $(8,089) $63,905
======== ======= ======== ======= ======= =======
LIABILITIES AND
ATTRIBUTED
EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Future policy
benefits....... $ 41,932 $ 350 (P) $ 43,261 $47,050 $ (350)(P) $46,700
979 (H)
Policyholders'
account
balances....... 38,206 127 (P) 38,333 5,474 (127)(P) 5,347
Unpaid claims
and claim
adjustment
expenses and
policyholders'
dividends...... 2,968 -- 2,968 1,274 -- 1,274
Securities sold
under
agreements to
repurchase..... 9,479 1,046 (P) 10,525 5,692 (1,046)(P) 4,646
Short-term and
long-term
debt........... 12,703 352 (P) 13,055 359 (352)(P) 1,757
1,750 (O)
Other
liabilities.... 29,223 1,505 (P) 31,615 4,723 (1,505)(P) 3,218
26 (C)
861 (I,J)
Separate account
liabilities.... 74,523 -- 74,523 -- -- --
-------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total
liabilities.... 209,034 5,246 214,280 64,572 (1,630) 62,942
-------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Guaranteed
minority
interest in
trust holding
solely
debentures of
Parent.......... -- 500 (C) 500 -- -- --
COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES
ATTRIBUTED EQUITY
Common Stock..... -- 6 (B,R) 6 -- -- --
Class B Stock.... -- -- -- -- 1 (N) 1
Net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... 1,250 (61)(P) 1,189 295 61 (P) 356
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income/(loss)
excluding
unrealized
investment gain
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... (148) (28)(P) (176) (18) 28 (P) 10
Other attributed
equity.......... 13,581 4,818 (P) 18,710 7,145 (4,818)(P) 596
2,888 (B) 170 (N)
(26)(C) (1,901)(Q)
(4,452)(R)
1,901 (Q)
-------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total attributed
equity......... 14,683 5,046 19,729(1) 7,422 (6,459) 963(1)
-------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND ATTRIBUTED
EQUITY.......... $223,717 $10,792 $234,509 $71,994 $(8,089) $63,905
======== ======= ======== ======= ======= =======
Consolidated
Pro Forma
------------
ASSETS
Total
investments.... $169,251
Cash and cash
equivalents.... 20,064
Deferred policy
acquisition
costs.......... 6,751
Other assets.... 27,825
Separate account
assets......... 74,523
------------
TOTAL ASSETS..... $298,414
============
LIABILITIES AND
ATTRIBUTED
EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Future policy
benefits....... $ 89,961
Policyholders'
account
balances....... 43,680
Unpaid claims
and claim
adjustment
expenses and
policyholders'
dividends...... 4,242
Securities sold
under
agreements to
repurchase..... 15,171
Short-term and
long-term
debt........... 14,812
Other
liabilities.... 34,833
Separate account
liabilities.... 74,523
------------
Total
liabilities.... 277,222
------------
Guaranteed
minority
interest in
trust holding
solely
debentures of
Parent.......... 500
COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES
ATTRIBUTED EQUITY
Common Stock..... 6
Class B Stock.... 1
Net unrealized
investment gains
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... 1,545
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income/(loss)
excluding
unrealized
investment gain
and losses on
available-for-
sale
securities...... (166)
Other attributed
equity.......... 19,306
------------
Total attributed
equity......... 20,692
------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND ATTRIBUTED
EQUITY.......... $298,414
============
-------
(1) If the IHC debt were not issued, pro forma attributed equity of the
Financial Services Businesses would decrease by $1,730 million and pro
forma attributed equity of the Closed Block Business would increase by
$1,730 million.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
71
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001
Financial Services Businesses Closed Block Business
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
Pro Forma for Pro Forma for
Demutualization, Demutualization,
this Offering, this Offering,
the Offering of Historical the Offering of
the Common Stock Traditional the Common Stock
and Issuances of Participating and Issuances of
Historical Class B Stock Products Class B Stock Consolidated
(A) Adjustments and IHC Debt Segment Adjustments and IHC Debt Pro Forma
---------- ----------- ---------------- ------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------
(in millions, except per share information)
REVENUES
Premiums.............. $6,013 $ -- $ 6,013 $3,099 $ -- $ 3,099 $ 9,112
Policy charges and fee
income............... 1,298 -- 1,298 -- -- -- 1,298
Net investment
income............... 3,944 120 (P) 4,042 2,951 (120)(P) 2,831 6,873
(22)(L)
Realized investment
gains (losses), net.. 3 (29)(P) (26) (273) 29 (P) (244) (270)
Commissions and other
income............... 3,242 38 (P) 3,280 90 (38)(P) 52 3,332
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Total revenues........ 14,500 107 14,607 5,867 (129) 5,738 20,345
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits............. 5,930 165 (P) 6,095 3,464 (165)(P) 3,299 9,394
Interest credited to
policyholders'
account balances..... 1,236 3 (P) 1,239 102 (3)(P) 99 1,338
Dividends to
policyholders........ 136 2 (P) 138 1,972 (2)(P) 1,970 2,108
General and
administrative
expenses............. 6,234 18 (P) 6,276 712 (18)(P) 799 7,075
24 (C) 105 (O)
Demutualization
expenses............. 199 -- 199 -- -- -- 199
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Total benefits and
expenses............. 13,735 212 13,947 6,250 (83) 6,167 20,114
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
INCOME (LOSS) FROM
CONTINUING OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME TAXES... 765 (105) 660 (383) (46) (429) 231
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Income taxes.......... 60 37 (P) 279 (30) (37)(P) (108) 171
(9)(C) (41)(O)
200 (M)
(9)(L)
------ ----- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
INCOME (LOSS) FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS............ $ 705 $(324) $ 381 (1) $ (353) $ 32 $ (321)(1) $ 60
====== ===== ============ ====== ===== ========= ============
EARNINGS PER SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in the
calculation of basic
and diluted income
per share (D)........ 566,300,000 566,300,000
------------ ------------
Basic and diluted
income from
continuing operations
per share ........... $ 0.67 $ 0.67
------------ ------------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in the
calculation of basic
and diluted loss per
share (N)............ 2,000,000 2,000,000
--------- ------------
Basic and diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share................ $ (160.50) $ (160.50)
--------- ------------
-------
(1) If the IHC debt were not issued, pro forma income from continuing
operations of the Financial Services Businesses would not be impacted and
pro forma loss from continuing operations of the Closed Block Business
would decrease by $64 million.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
72
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the
Year Ended December 31, 2000
Financial Services Businesses Closed Block Business
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
Pro Forma for Pro Forma for
Demutualization, Demutualization,
this Offering, this Offering,
the Offering of Historical the Offering of
the Common Stock Traditional the Common Stock
and Issuances of Participating and Issuances of
Historical Class B Stock Products Class B Stock Consolidated
(A) Adjustments and IHC Debt Segment Adjustments and IHC Debt Pro Forma
---------- ----------- ---------------- ------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------
(in millions, except per share information)
REVENUES
Premiums.............. $ 5,901 $ 12 (P) $ 5,913 $4,320 $ (12)(P) $ 4,308 $ 10,221
Policy charges and fee
income............... 1,639 -- 1,639 -- -- -- 1,639
Net investment
income............... 5,325 342 (P) 5,637 4,172 (342)(P) 3,830 9,467
(30)(L)
Realized investment
gains (losses), net.. (379) 111 (P) (268) 91 (111)(P) (20) (288)
Commissions and other
income............... 5,356 42 (P) 5,398 119 (42)(P) 77 5,475
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Total revenues........ 17,842 477 18,319 8,702 (507) 8,195 26,514
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
BENEFITS AND EXPENSES
Policyholders'
benefits............. 6,157 21 (P) 6,178 4,483 (21)(P) 4,462 10,640
Interest credited to
policyholders'
account balances..... 1,618 -- 1,618 133 -- 133 1,751
Dividends to
policyholders........ 18 -- 18 2,706 -- 2,706 2,724
General and
administrative
expenses............. 8,896 152 (P) 9,080 1,187 (152)(P) 1,175 10,255
32 (C) 140 (O)
Capital markets
restructuring........ 476 -- 476 -- -- -- 476
Demutualization
expenses............. 143 -- 143 -- -- -- 143
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Total benefits and
expenses............. 17,308 205 17,513 8,509 (33) 8,476 25,989
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
INCOME (LOSS) FROM
CONTINUING OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME TAXES... 534 272 806 193 (474) (281) 525
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
Income taxes.......... 300 169 (P) 343 106 (169)(P) (122) 221
(13)(C) (59)(O)
(100)(M)
(13)(L)
------- ---- ------------ ------ ----- --------- ------------
INCOME (LOSS) FROM
CONTINUING
OPERATIONS............ $ 234 $229 $ 463 (1) $ 87 $(246) $ (159)(1) $ 304
======= ==== ============ ====== ===== ========= ============
EARNINGS PER SHARE
INFORMATION
Common Stock:
Shares used in the
calculation of basic
and diluted income
per share (D)........ 566,300,000 566,300,000
------------ ------------
Basic and diluted
income from
continuing operations
per share ........... $ 0.82 $ 0.82
------------ ------------
Class B Stock:
Shares used in the
calculation of basic
and diluted loss per
share (N)............ 2,000,000 2,000,000
--------- ------------
Basic and diluted loss
from continuing
operations per
share................ $ (79.50) $ (79.50)
--------- ------------
-------
(1) If the IHC debt were not issued, pro forma income from continuing
operations of the Financial Services Businesses would not be impacted and
pro forma loss from continuing operations of the Closed Block Business
would decrease by $81 million.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of this Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
73
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
Gibraltar Life Acquisition
(A) In April 2001 we completed the acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co.,
Ltd., a financially troubled Japanese life insurer now renamed Gibraltar
Life Insurance Company, Ltd. and hereafter referred to as Gibraltar Life.
For accounting purposes we have used April 2, 2001, as the date of
acquisition. Gibraltar Life has adopted a November 30 fiscal year end. The
historical column of the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated
Statement of Financial Position as of September 30, 2001 includes
Gibraltar Life assets and liabilities as of August 31, 2001. The amounts
included under the historical column of the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September
30, 2001 include the results of operations of Gibraltar Life from April 2,
2001 through August 31, 2001. The amounts included under the historical
column of the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of
Operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 do not include any results
of Gibraltar Life since this was prior to the acquisition date. No pro
forma adjustments have been made for any of the periods presented related
to our acquisition of Gibralter Life.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations--Consolidated Results of Operations--International Division--
International Insurance" and "Acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co.,
Ltd." for further discussion of the Gibraltar Life acquisition, including a
discussion of the restructuring of Gibraltar Life in accordance with the
Reorganization Plan.
Adjustments for the Demutualization, the Offering of the Equity Security
Units, the Initial Public Offering of Common Stock and Issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC Debt
(B) The pro forma financial statements assume net proceeds of $2,889 million
from the initial public offering of Common Stock, resulting from gross
proceeds of $3,025 million from the issuance of 110,000,000 shares of $.01
par value Common Stock at an assumed initial public offering price of
$27.50 per share, less an assumed underwriting discount and estimated
offering expenses aggregating $136 million.
(C) In connection with the offering of the equity security units, we have
assumed net proceeds of $480 million resulting from gross proceeds of $500
million from the issuance of 10,000,000 equity security units at an
assumed offering price of $50 per unit, less an assumed underwriting
discount and estimated offering expenses aggregating $20 million. Each
unit will consist of (1) a purchase contract, under which the holder
agrees to purchase, for $50, shares of Common Stock of Prudential
Financial, Inc. on , 2004; and (2) a redeemable capital security of
Prudential Financial Capital Trust I, with a stated liquidation amount of
$50. The financial statements of Prudential Financial Capital Trust I will
be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements, with the
redeemable capital securities shown on our consolidated statement of
financial position under the caption "Guaranteed minority interest in
trust holding solely debentures of Parent".
For purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of
financial position, we have allocated all of the assumed proceeds of $500
million from the issuance of the equity security units to the redeemable
capital securities, which represents the assumed fair value of the
redeemable capital securities. Further, we have assumed the present value
of the contract fee payments on the purchase contracts, which represents
the assumed fair value of the purchase contracts, to be $26 million.
Initially, we will charge the fair value of the purchase contracts to
equity with a corresponding credit to liabilities. Contract fee payments
will be allocated between the liability account established and interest
expense based on a constant rate calculation over the life of the
transaction. The notes to our consolidated financial statements will
disclose that the sole asset of the trust will be the debentures. The pro
forma statement of financial position also reflects estimated issuance
costs related to the equity security units of $20 million, which have been
allocated to the redeemable capital securities, to be deferred and
amortized over the life of the redeemable capital securities of 5 years.
Distributions on the redeemable capital securities will be reported as a
charge to minority interest in our consolidated statements of operations,
whether paid or accrued. The pro forma statements of operations
74
reflect this charge to minority interest, within general and administrative
expenses, at an assumed rate of 5.25%. The pro forma statement of
operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 reflects
distributions on the redeemable capital securities of $20 million;
amortization of issuance costs of $3 million; interest expense related to
the contract fee payments on the purchase contracts of $1 million and a tax
benefit related to these charges of $9 million. The pro forma statement of
operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 reflects distributions on
the redeemable capital securities of $26 million; amortization of issuance
costs of $4 million; interest expense related to the contract fee payments
on the purchase contracts of $2 million and a tax benefit related to these
charges of $13 million.
A summary of the interest expense, charge to minority interest and
amortization of issuance costs noted above, which are reflected within
general and administrative expenses in the pro forma statements of
operations, is as follows:
Nine Months Ended Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
2001 2000
----------------- ------------
(in millions)
Distributions on the redeemable capital
securities............................... $20 $26
Amortization of issuance costs............ 3 4
Interest expense related to the contract
adjustment payments on the purchase
contracts................................ 1 2
--- ---
Total gross charges related to the
equity security units.................. 24 32
Tax benefit for distributions on the
redeemable capital securities and
amortization of issue costs.............. 9 13
--- ---
Total charges, net of tax benefit....... $15 $19
=== ===
Earnings on the net proceeds from the issuance of the equity security units
proceeds are not reflected in the pro forma operating results.
Prior to settlement of the purchase contracts through the issuance of
Common Stock, the units will be reflected in our diluted earnings per share
calculations using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the number
of shares of Common Stock used in calculating earnings per share for any
period will be deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number
of shares that would be required to be issued upon settlement of the
purchase contracts over the number of shares that could be purchased by us
in the market, at the average market price during that period, using the
proceeds that would be required to be paid upon settlement. Consequently,
we anticipate that there will be no dilutive effect on our earnings per
share except during periods when the average market price of our Common
Stock is above 120% of its initial public offering price per share.
(D) The number of shares of Common Stock used in the calculation of the pro
forma basic and diluted income per share, assuming that 20% of
policyholders eligible to elect to receive shares actually elect to
receive shares, is as follows:
Shares notionally allocated to eligible policyholders......... 616,400,000
Less:
Shares notionally allocated to eligible policyholders who
receive cash or policy credits............................ 130,400,000
Shares notionally allocated to eligible policyholders whom
we cannot locate.......................................... 29,700,000
-----------
Shares issued to eligible policyholders....................... 456,300,000
-----------
Plus:
Shares issued in the initial public offering............... 110,000,000
-----------
Total shares of Common Stock outstanding after the initial
public offering.............................................. 566,300,000
===========
75
The pro forma financial information assumes that we use the net proceeds
of the offering of Common Stock (1) to fund cash payments to those
eligible policyholders receiving cash who, although eligible to
affirmatively elect to receive Common Stock, do not so elect; (2) to make
cash payments to eligible policyholders located outside of the United
States, excluding Canadian policyholders, who are required to receive
payments in the form of cash; and (3) for general corporate purposes. If
we issue more than 110,000,000 shares of Common Stock (including, but not
limited to, any shares issued pursuant to the underwriters' options to
purchase additional shares) and the additional net proceeds are not used
to fund payments to policyholders receiving cash, then the pro forma basic
and diluted income per share would decline.
(E) Assuming an initial public offering price of $27.50 per share of Common
Stock, we expect to pay $327 million to holders of certain policies that
The Prudential Insurance Company of America transferred to London Life
Insurance Company in connection with the sale of most of its Canadian
branch operations in lieu of 11,900,000 notionally allocated shares of
Common Stock. See "Demutualization and Related Transactions--The
Demutualization--Allocation and Payment of Compensation to Eligible
Policyholders".
These payments have been reflected as a reduction in cash and retained
earnings in the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of
financial position. The cash payments to certain former Canadian branch
policyholders will be recorded as an expense at the time of the
demutualization but have not been reflected within the pro forma
statements of operations as they will not have a continuing impact.
(F) Represents the cash payment in lieu of 5,800,000 notionally allocated
shares of Common Stock not issued to eligible policyholders located
outside of the United States who, under the plan of reorganization, are
required to receive payments in the form of cash, at an assumed price of
$27.50 per share.
(G) Represents the cash payment in lieu of 77,100,000 notionally allocated
shares of Common Stock not issued to eligible policyholders who, under the
plan of reorganization, will receive cash, at an assumed price of $27.50
per share, unless the eligible policyholder affirmatively elected to
receive Common Stock.
(H) Represents a liability of the Financial Services Businesses established to
fund policy credits in lieu of the distribution of 35,600,000 notionally
allocated shares of Common Stock.
(I) Represents a liability of the Financial Services Businesses of $817
million, to be settled through a cash payment, established to reflect
policyholders whom we cannot locate in lieu of the distribution of
29,700,000 notionally allocated shares of Common Stock. This liability
will be paid to policyholders as they are located. To the extent we are
unable to locate a policyholder within a prescribed period of time,
generally up to seven years, we will make a cash payment to the state of
the policyholder's last known address in accordance with that state's
escheat laws.
(J) Reflects estimated additional non-recurring expenses of $44 million, net
of tax benefit of $8 million, related to demutualization costs and
expenses assumed to be incurred at the date of the pro forma statement of
financial position. We have shown the additional non-recurring expenses as
the establishment of a liability and a decrease to retained earnings
within the pro forma statement of financial position. The additional non-
recurring expenses have not been reflected within the pro forma statements
of operations as they will not have a continuing impact.
In addition, subsequent to the demutualization we will incur additional
expenses associated with servicing our stockholder base, including mailing
and printing fees. These costs are expected to range from $30 million to
$60 million annually, depending on the number of shareholders, and will
decrease in future periods if there is a decrease in the number of
shareholders. As these expenses are not directly related to the
transaction, they have not been reflected within the pro forma condensed
consolidated statements of operations.
76
(K) Represents the reclassification of retained earnings of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America to reflect the demutualization, as follows:
Assuming 100% Assuming 120%
of Common of Common
Stock Initial Stock Initial
Public Public
Offering Offering
Price Price
------------- -------------
(in millions)
Historical retained earnings................... $20,726 $20,726
Less:
Payment of cash in lieu of Common Stock to
former Canadian branch policyholders
(Note E)................................... 327 360
Payment of cash in lieu of Common Stock to
eligible policyholders located outside of
the United States (Note F)................. 160 175
Payment of cash in lieu of Common Stock
(Note G)................................... 2,120 2,332
Provision for policy credits in lieu of
Common Stock (Note H)...................... 979 1,077
Establishment of a liability for
policyholders whom we cannot locate (Note
I)......................................... 817 899
Additional demutualization expenses (net of
tax benefit of $8 million) (Note J)........ 44 44
------- -------
Retained earnings related to eligible
policyholders receiving Common Stock and
reclassified to Common Stock ($5 million) and
additional paid-in capital ($16,274 and
$15,834 million, respectively)................ $16,279 $15,839
======= =======
We will determine the amount of cash or policy credits an eligible
policyholder receives by multiplying the number of notional shares
allocated to the policyholder by the greater of:
. the initial public offering price of the Common Stock; or
. an amount equal to the initial public offering price of the Common
Stock plus, if the average closing price of the Common Stock for the
first 20 days of trading is greater than 110% of the initial public
offering price, such excess above 110%, but not to exceed 10% of the
initial public offering price.
The pro forma financial statements have assumed that the amount of cash or
policy credits is determined based upon 100% of the assumed initial public
offering price, or $27.50 per share of Common Stock. We have also
presented above the impact on the amount of cash, liability for
policyholders whom we cannot locate and policy credits, if the average
closing price for the first 20 days is equal to or greater than 120% of
the initial public offering price and cash and policy credits are
determined based upon a share price of 110% of the assumed initial public
offering price, or $30.25 per share.
(L) Represents the decrease in net investment income of $22 million and a
related tax benefit of $9 million for the nine months ended September 30,
2001, and $30 million and a related tax benefit of $13 million for the
year ended December 31, 2000, on the cash to be paid from existing assets
to former Canadian branch policyholders and to eligible existing Canadian
policyholders by The Prudential Insurance Company of America. The decrease
in net investment income assumes a rate of return on those assets of 7.2%.
(M) Represents the elimination of the equity tax benefit for the nine months
ended September 30, 2001 and the equity tax expense for the year ended
December 31, 2000. The equity tax is a federal tax applicable to mutual
life insurance companies. The Prudential Insurance Company of America will
no longer be subject to the equity tax after the effective date of the
plan of reorganization.
(N) Represents gross proceeds of $175 million from the issuance of 2,000,000
shares of $.01 par value Class B Stock at an issuance price of $87.50 per
share, less a placement agent discount and estimated offering
77
expenses aggregating $4 million. Net proceeds from the issuance of the
Class B Stock are attributed to the Financial Services Businesses.
(O) Represents proceeds from the issuance of the IHC debt at an assumed annual
interest rate of 8.0%. The assumed interest rate reflects expenses related
to insurance we expect to purchase to insure timely payment of IHC debt
principal and interest as well as hedging activities. The actual interest
rate will be dependent on market conditions at the time of debt issuance
and may be different than the rate assumed for these pro forma financial
statements. The pro forma statement of operations for the nine months
ended September 30, 2001 reflects interest expense on the debt of $105
million and a related tax benefit of $41 million. The pro forma statement
of operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 reflects interest
expense on the debt of $140 million, and a related tax benefit of $59
million.
A one-eighth percentage point change in the interest rate assumed of 8.0%
would result in a change in the amount of interest expense of $1.6 million
($1.0 million net of related tax benefit) for the nine months ended
September 30, 2001 and $2.2 million ($1.3 million net of related tax
benefit) for the year ended December 31, 2000.
The pro forma statement of financial position also reflects debt issuance
costs estimated to be $20 million to be deferred and amortized over the
life of the debt of 22 years. Amortization of these costs, to be included
within general and administrative expenses within the statement of
operations, has not been reflected within the pro forma statements of
operations for either the nine months ended September 30, 2001 or the year
ended December 31, 2000, as the amount is less than $1 million per year.
Net proceeds from the issuance of the IHC debt of $1,730 million are
allocated to the Financial Services Businesses. Earnings on these proceeds
are not reflected in the pro forma operating results.
(P) The amounts within the historical column of these pro forma financial
statements for the Closed Block Business include the historical results of
the Traditional Participating Products segment. In order to establish the
Closed Block Business, it is necessary to remove certain items from the
Traditional Participating Products segment which are not components of the
Closed Block Business. After removal of these items, the Closed Block
Business will consist of assets, liabilities, attributed equity and
related revenues and expenses necessary for the funding of expenses, taxes
and guaranteed benefits and policyholder dividends of the Closed Block, as
well as assets, liabilities and related revenues and expenses supporting
the IHC debt service and dividends on the Class B Stock.
The items to be transferred from the Traditional Participating Products
segment to the Financial Services Businesses as part of the establishment of
the Closed Block Business consist primarily of net assets historically
included in the Traditional Participating Products segment that are in
excess of the amount necessary to support the operations of the Closed Block
Business, which will be reflected in the Financial Services Businesses along
with the earnings on these net assets. Additionally, assets, liabilities,
attributed equity, revenues and expenses associated with the minor portion
of traditional insurance products historically included in the Traditional
Participating Products segment but which will not be included in the Closed
Block, will be reflected in the Financial Services Businesses.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2001, a reserve of $160 million was
recorded in the Traditional Participating Products segment for death and
other benefits due with respect to policies for which we have not received a
death claim but where death has occurred. Upon demutualization, this reserve
will become a liability of the Financial Services Businesses and any
subsequent reestimation of this reserve (upward or downward) will be
included in adjusted operating income of the Financial Services Businesses.
Accordingly, in the pro forma financial statements as of and for the nine
months ended September 30, 2001, this reserve is reflected as an expense and
liability of the Financial Services Businesses. This reserve is subject to
uncertainty and adjustments may be required in future periods.
(Q) Represents the allocation of the net proceeds of the Class B Stock and the
IHC debt to the Financial Services Businesses, as follows:
(in millions)
Net proceeds of issuance of the Class B Stock (Note N) .... $ 171
Net proceeds of issuance of the IHC debt (Note O) ......... 1,730
------
Total proceeds transferred to the Financial Services
Businesses................................................ $1,901
======
78
(R) Represents the reclassification and distribution of attributed equity of
the Financial Services Businesses to reflect the demutualization, as
follows:
(in millions)
-------------
Payment of cash in lieu of Common Stock (Notes E, F, G) ... $2,607
Provision for policy credits in lieu of Common Stock (Note
H) ....................................................... 979
Establishment of a liability for policyholders whom we
cannot locate (Note I) ................................... 817
Additional demutualization costs and expenses (net of
income tax benefit of $8 million) (Note J) ............... 44
Reclassification of amount to par value of Common Stock
(Note K) ................................................. 5
------
$4,452
======
79
Unaudited Pro Forma Closed Block Information
Under the plan of reorganization, The Prudential Insurance Company of
America will establish a Closed Block for certain individual life insurance
policies and annuities issued by The Prudential Insurance Company of America.
The policies that we will include in the Closed Block are specified individual
life insurance policies and individual annuity contracts that are in force on
the effective date of the reorganization and on which we are currently paying
or expect to pay experience-based policy dividends. The purpose of the Closed
Block is to provide for the reasonable expectations for future policy
dividends after demutualization of the holders of the policies included in the
Closed Block. The establishment of the Closed Block, including the Closed
Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities, is subject to the review and
approval of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. The Closed
Block will continue in effect until the date none of the included policies is
in force unless the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and
Insurance consents to an earlier termination.
Presented below is GAAP pro forma financial information for the Closed Block
Assets and Closed Block Liabilities as of September 30, 2001, as well as
Closed Block revenues, benefits and expenses for the nine months ended
September 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000. This pro forma
information gives effect to the establishment of the Closed Block as if it
occurred as of September 30, 2001 for the pro forma Closed Block Assets and
Closed Block Liabilities and as of January 1, 2000 for the pro forma Closed
Block Revenues, Benefits and Expenses. The Closed Block Assets and Closed
Block Liabilities, as well as the Surplus and Related Assets outside the
Closed Block, are reflected in our Traditional Participating Products segment.
We are generally prohibited from distributing Closed Block Assets to our
stockholders and from using Closed Block Assets for any purpose other than to
fund Closed Block Liabilities.
As of
September 30,
2001
Closed Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities -------------
(in millions)
Closed Block Liabilities:
Future policy benefits......................................... $46,700
Policyholders' dividends payable............................... 1,274
Policyholders' account balances................................ 5,347
Other Closed Block liabilities................................. 7,763
-------
Total Closed Block Liabilities............................... 61,084
-------
Closed Block Assets:
Total investments.............................................. 53,565
Cash........................................................... 3,330
Accrued investment income...................................... 773
Other Closed Block assets...................................... 1,154
-------
Total Closed Block Assets.................................... 58,822
-------
Excess of reported Closed Block Liabilities over Closed Block
Assets......................................................... 2,262
Portion of above representing other comprehensive income........ 1,086
-------
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from Closed Block
Assets and Closed Block Liabilities(1)......................... $ 3,348
=======
80
Year Ended
Nine Months Ended December 31,
September 30, 2001 2000
Closed Block Revenues, Benefits and Expenses ------------------ ------------
(in millions)
Revenues:
Premiums...................................... $3,099 $4,308
Net investment income......................... 2,612 3,558
Realized investment losses, net............... (244) (20)
Other income.................................. 52 77
------ ------
Total Closed Block revenues................. 5,519 7,923
------ ------
Benefits and Expenses:
Policyholders' benefits....................... 3,299 4,462
Interest credited to policyholders............ 99 133
Dividends to policyholders.................... 1,970 2,706
General & administrative expense charge....... 661 856
------ ------
Total Closed Block benefits and expenses.... 6,029 8,157
------ ------
Closed Block benefits and expenses, net of
Closed Block revenues, before income taxes... (510) (234)
------ ------
Income Tax Benefit............................. 185 109
------ ------
Closed Block benefits and expenses, net of
Closed Block revenues and income taxes........ $ (325) $ (125)
====== ======
--------
(1) Component of future earnings to be recognized for the Traditional
Participating Products segment, which will also include earnings from
other assets and equity outside the Closed Block.
The Closed Block will have an excess of Closed Block Liabilities over Closed
Block Assets. The Closed Block Business will include additional assets and
liabilities not included within the Closed Block which, we believe, will
result in sufficient capital to support the Closed Block Business and adequate
assets and cash flows to service the IHC debt. For a description of the Closed
Block Business assets and liabilities, see "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed
Consolidated Information" and "Demutualization and Related Transactions--
Related Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances".
The Closed Block will reflect those revenues, benefit payments, policyholder
dividends, expenses and taxes that we considered in funding the Closed Block.
Under the terms of the Closed Block, expenses of the Closed Block will be
based on a formula representing historical expenses attributable to the Closed
Block. To the extent such expenses vary in the future from those established
pursuant to formula, the variance (positive or negative) will inure to the
financial results of our Financial Services Businesses.
We will record the assets and liabilities that we allocate to the Closed
Block in our consolidated financial statements at their historical carrying
amount, which is on the same basis as similar other assets and liabilities.
The carrying amount of the Closed Block Assets will be less than the carrying
amount of the Closed Block Liabilities at the effective date of the
demutualization. The excess of the carrying amount of Closed Block Liabilities
over the carrying amount of Closed Block Assets at the effective date,
adjusted to eliminate the impact of related amounts in accumulated other
comprehensive income, represents the maximum future earnings from the assets
and liabilities designated to the Closed Block that we can recognize in our
consolidated net income over the period the policies in the Closed Block
remain in force. As indicated above, these earnings will be included in our
Traditional Participating Products segment.
As required by AICPA Statement of Position 00-3, "Accounting by Insurance
Enterprises for Demutualizations and Formations of Mutual Insurance Holding
Companies and for Certain Long-Duration Participating Contracts," we will
develop an actuarial calculation of the timing of such maximum future
earnings. If actual cumulative earnings in any given period are greater than
the cumulative earnings we expect, we will only recognize the expected
earnings in income. Any excess of actual cumulative earnings over cumulative
earnings we expect will represent undistributed accumulated earnings
attributable to policyholders. We will record this excess, if any, as a
policyholder dividend obligation because we will pay it to Closed Block
policyholders as an additional policyholder dividend unless it is otherwise
offset by future Closed Block performance that is less favorable than we
originally expected. If actual cumulative performance is less favorable than
we expected, we will only recognize actual earnings in income.
The principal cash flow items that will impact the amount of Closed Block
Assets and Closed Block Liabilities are premiums, net investment income,
purchases and sales of investments, policyholders' benefits,
81
policyholders' dividends, premium taxes, expenses and income taxes. The
principal income and expense items that we will exclude from the Closed Block
are a portion of management and maintenance expenses, commissions and net
investment income and realized investment gains and losses on invested assets
outside the Closed Block that support the Closed Block policies, all of which
enter into the determination of total gross margins of Closed Block policies
for the purpose of determining periodic amortization of deferred acquisition
costs. The amounts shown in the table above for Closed Block Assets and Closed
Block Liabilities are those that enter into the determination of amounts that
are to be paid to policyholders.
The pro forma Closed Block Assets reflect an allocation of assets necessary
to fund the Closed Block Liabilities. The Closed Block Liabilities reflect the
GAAP policyholder benefit reserves derived from our records for all policies
to be included in the Closed Block under the plan of reorganization. We
determined the Closed Block Assets necessary to fund the Closed Block
Liabilities as of July 1, 2000 based on actuarial cash flow models and related
assumptions that we believe are reasonable and which are documented in the
plan of reorganization. We used cash flow models to project all insurance cash
flows from the policies included in the Closed Block, which include premiums
and policy loans activity, less policy benefits, dividends and expenses. The
actuarial cash flow models contain various assumptions concerning mortality,
persistency, expenses, investment experience and other factors. After
projecting the insurance cash flows, we identified Closed Block Assets so that
cash flows from the assets, including both principal and income, together with
insurance cash flows and assets purchased with reinvested cash, would
reasonably be expected to fund all Closed Block Liabilities as well as
continuation of the dividend scales in effect in 2000 (i.e., the dividend
scales in effect on December 15, 2000, the date the Board of Directors of the
Prudential Insurance Company of America adopted Prudential's plan of
reorganization) assuming the experience underlying the 2000 dividend scales
continues and assuming that the actual reinvestment rate on our Closed Block
invested assets is approximately 8.10%. The final funding and selection of
assets included in the Closed Block were subject to the approval of the New
Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance.
On November 13, 2001, The Prudential Insurance Company of America's Board of
Directors acted to reduce dividends effective January 1, 2002, on Closed Block
policies to reflect unfavorable investment experience that has emerged since
July 1, 2000, the date the Closed Block was originally funded. The Closed
Block will experience a modest amount of claims as a result of the recent
terrorist attacks in the United States. In addition, the downward movement of
the stock market, combined with the general slowing of the economy over the
past year, has had a negative impact on the investment returns and values of
the diversified portfolio of assets that are included in the Closed Block.
Closed Block dividends for 2002 are expected to be approximately $240 million
less than if the 2001 dividend scales (which were a continuation of the year
2000 dividend scales) were maintained.
We will also establish a separate closed block for the benefit of the owners
of participating individual life insurance policies issued by our Canadian
branch that we did not transfer to London Life. Because of the substantially
smaller number of outstanding Canadian policies, this separate closed block
will be insignificant in size, and it will be managed among our corporate
level activities rather than with the U.S. Closed Block. Accordingly, it is
not included in our Traditional Participating Products segment or the Closed
Block Business or reflected above. Dividends for Canadian closed block
policies will be modestly reduced for 2002.
The opinion of Daniel J. McCarthy, M.A.A.A., independent consulting actuary
associated with Milliman USA, formerly Milliman & Robertson, Inc., dated
December 12, 2000, as attached hereto as Annex A, states that the
establishment and operation of the Closed Block as the plan of reorganization
contemplates makes adequate provision for allocating assets to the Closed
Block that will be reasonably sufficient to enable the Closed Block to provide
for the benefits we have guaranteed, and certain expenses and taxes associated
with Closed Block policies, and to provide for the continuation of the
dividend scales in effect for 2000 if the experience underlying those scales
continues.
82
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
We derived the pro forma supplementary information from our unaudited pro
forma condensed consolidated financial information and related notes. The pro
forma supplementary information gives effect to the demutualization, this
offering, the initial public offering of the Common Stock and the issuance of
Class B Stock and IHC debt, as if they had occurred as of September 30, 2001
and December 31, 2000, for purposes of the information derived from our
unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of financial position
and as of January 1, 2000 for purposes of the information derived from our
unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations. The pro
forma supplementary information is not necessarily indicative of our
consolidated financial position or results of operations had the
demutualization, this offering, the initial public offering of our Common
Stock and the issuance of Class B Stock and IHC debt actually occurred on the
dates assumed and does not project or forecast our consolidated financial
position or results of operations for any future date or period. The pro forma
supplementary information set forth below should be read in conjunction with
the information set forth under, or referred to in, "Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Financial Information".
The plan of reorganization provides that we will make cash payments in lieu
of Common Stock to each eligible policyholder who is allocated 50 or fewer
shares, or some other maximum cut-off number less than 50 that the Board of
Directors of The Prudential Insurance Company of America may specify, unless
the eligible policyholder affirmatively elects to receive shares. For purposes
of the unaudited pro forma supplementary information, we have assumed that the
Board of Directors establishes a maximum cut-off of 30 shares or less.
The information set forth in the table below gives effect to the sale of 110
million shares of Common Stock in the initial public offering of our Common
Stock and Common Stock allocated to eligible policyholders, assuming 20% of
policyholders eligible to elect to receive shares actually elect to receive
shares, which assumption we believe is consistent with past demutualizations.
The information reflects assumed initial public offering prices per share of
Common Stock of $25.00, $27.50, and $30.00. These prices are for illustrative
purposes and are not intended to predict either the initial range of public
offering prices at the time of the offering or the actual public offering
price. For purposes of the unaudited pro forma supplementary information, we
have assumed the amount of cash or policy credits is determined based upon
100% of the initial public offering price. The information is intended to
illustrate how the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Information would be affected by varying the price per share in the offering
of our Common Stock. In addition to the initial public offering of Common
Stock, this information also gives effect to the issuance of 2 million shares
of Class B Stock at an offering price of $87.50 per share, the issuance of the
IHC debt, and to the sale of 10 million equity security units at $50 per unit.
The closing of the initial public offering of Common Stock is subject to the
completion of the demutualization of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America and the private placement of the Class B Stock. The closing of this
initial public offering of the equity security units is subject to the closing
of the initial public offering of Common Stock. The issuance of the IHC debt
is not a condition to this offering or the initial public offering of Common
Stock.
83
As of and for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2001
-------------------------------------
Assuming the Following
Common Stock Initial Public
Offering Price
-------------------------------------
$25.00 $27.50 $30.00
----------- ----------- -----------
(Share data in millions, dollars in
millions except per share amounts)
DEMUTUALIZATION, THE OFFERING OF THE
COMMON STOCK AND ISSUANCES OF CLASS B
STOCK AND IHC DEBT
Income from continuing operations...... $ 352 $ 352 $ 352
Adjustments for demutualization(1)..... (212) (213) (214)
Adjustments for issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC debt(2)................. (64) (64) (64)
----------- ----------- -----------
Pro forma income from continuing
operations............................ $ 76 $ 75 $ 74
=========== =========== ===========
Total equity........................... $ 22,105 $ 22,105 $ 22,105
----------- ----------- -----------
Transaction adjustments for
demutualization, the offering of
Common Stock and issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC debt:
Gross proceeds from the initial public
offering of Common Stock............. 2,750 3,025 3,300
Underwriting and offering expenses.... (124) (136) (149)
Issuances of Class B Stock and IHC
debt(3).............................. 171 171 171
Payment to eligible policyholders who
did not elect stock.................. (1,927) (2,120) (2,313)
To support policy credits............. (890) (979) (1,068)
To support unknown addresses.......... (742) (817) (891)
To support amounts owed to transferred
Canadian branch policyholders........ (298) (327) (357)
To support amounts owed to other
policyholders located outside the
United States........................ (145) (160) (174)
Estimated demutualization expenses.... (44) (44) (44)
----------- ----------- -----------
Subtotal of transaction adjustments... (1,249) (1,387) (1,525)
----------- ----------- -----------
Pro forma equity(5).................... $ 20,856 $ 20,718 $ 20,580
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma book value per share of:
Common Stock........................... $ 35.13 $ 34.88 $ 34.64
=========== =========== ===========
Class B Stock.......................... $ 481.50 $ 481.50 $ 481.50
=========== =========== ===========
DEMUTUALIZATION, THIS OFFERING, THE
OFFERING OF THE COMMON STOCK AND
ISSUANCES OF CLASS B STOCK AND IHC
DEBT
Pro forma income from continuing
operations............................ $ 76 $ 75 $ 74
Adjustments for the issuance of the
equity security units(4).............. (15) (15) (15)
----------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted pro forma income from
continuing operations................. $ 61 $ 60 $ 59
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma equity....................... $ 20,856 $ 20,718 $ 20,580
Fair value of purchase contracts....... (26) (26) (26)
----------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted pro forma equity(5)........... $ 20,830 $ 20,692 $ 20,554
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma book value per share:
Common Stock........................... $ 35.08 $ 34.84 $ 34.59
=========== =========== ===========
Class B Stock.......................... $ 481.50 $ 481.50 $ 481.50
=========== =========== ===========
Share Data
Shares allocated to eligible
policyholders......................... 616.4 616.4 616.4
Less:
Estimated shares allocated to eligible
policyholders who did not elect
stock................................ (77.1) (77.1) (77.1)
Estimated shares allocated to eligible
policyholders who receive cash or
policy credits....................... (83.0) (83.0) (83.0)
----------- ----------- -----------
Shares issued to eligible
policyholders......................... 456.3 456.3 456.3
----------- ----------- -----------
Shares issued in the offering of Common
Stock................................. 110.0 110.0 110.0
----------- ----------- -----------
Total shares of Common Stock
outstanding........................... 566.3 566.3 566.3
=========== =========== ===========
Total shares of Class B Stock
outstanding........................... 2.0 2.0 2.0
=========== =========== ===========
Common Stock Ownership Percentage
(excluding any Class B Stock)
Eligible policyholders................. 80.6% 80.6% 80.6%
Purchasers in the offering of Common
Stock................................. 19.4% 19.4% 19.4%
-------
(1) Represents the elimination of equity tax benefit of $200 million, which
is applicable only to mutual life insurance companies, and net investment
income of $12 million, $13 million and $14 million, net of related tax
benefit of $8 million, $9 million and $10 million for the $25.00, $27.50
and $30.00 price scenarios, respectively, assumed to be foregone due to
cash payments to certain eligible policyholders. The equity tax can vary
significantly from year to year and will not be applicable after we
convert to a stock life insurance company.
(2) Represents interest expense of $64 million on the IHC debt, net of
related tax benefit of $41 million.
(3) Represents gross proceeds of $175 million from the issuance of the Class
B Stock, less a placement agent discount and estimated offering expenses
aggregating $4 million.
(4) Represents distributions on the redeemable capital securities,
amortization of issuance costs and interest expense related to the
contract fee payments on the purchase contracts, in aggregate, of $15
million, net of related tax benefit of $9 million.
(5) Adjusted pro forma equity attributed to the Closed Block Business is $963
million. The remainder is attributed to the Financial Services
Businesses.
84
As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2000
-------------------------------------
Assuming the Following
Common Stock Initial Public
Offering Price
-------------------------------------
$25.00 $27.50 $30.00
----------- ----------- -----------
(Share data in millions, dollars in
millions except per share amounts)
DEMUTUALIZATION, THE OFFERING OF THE
COMMON STOCK AND ISSUANCES OF CLASS B
STOCK AND IHC DEBT
Income from continuing operations...... $ 321 $ 321 $ 321
Adjustments for demutualization(1)..... 84 83 81
Adjustments for issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC debt(2)................. (81) (81) (81)
----------- ----------- -----------
Pro forma income from continuing
operations............................ $ 324 $ 323 $ 321
=========== =========== ===========
Total equity........................... $ 20,608 $ 20,608 $ 20,608
----------- ----------- -----------
Transaction adjustments for
demutualization, the offering of
Common Stock and issuances of Class B
Stock and IHC debt:
Gross proceeds from the initial public
offering of Common Stock............. 2,750 3,025 3,300
Underwriting and offering expenses.... (124) (136) (149)
Issuances of Class B Stock and IHC
debt(3).............................. 171 171 171
Payment to eligible policyholders who
did not elect stock.................. (1,927) (2,120) (2,313)
To support policy credits............. (890) (979) (1,068)
To support unknown addresses.......... (742) (817) (891)
To support amounts owed to transferred
Canadian branch policyholders........ (298) (327) (357)
To support amounts owed to other
policyholders located outside the
United States........................ (145) (160) (174)
Estimated demutualization expenses.... (222) (222) (222)
----------- ----------- -----------
Subtotal of transaction adjustments... (1,427) (1,565) (1,703)
----------- ----------- -----------
Pro forma equity(5).................... $ 19,181 $ 19,043 $ 18,905
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma book value per share of:
Common Stock........................... $ 31.89 $ 31.64 $ 31.40
=========== =========== ===========
Class B Stock.......................... $ 562.00 $ 562.00 $ 562.00
=========== =========== ===========
DEMUTUALIZATION, THIS OFFERING, THE
OFFERING OF THE COMMON STOCK AND
ISSUANCES OF CLASS B STOCK AND IHC
DEBT
Pro forma income from continuing
operations............................ $ 324 $ 323 $ 321
Adjustments for the issuance of the
equity security units(4).............. (19) (19) (19)
----------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted pro forma income from
continuing operations................. $ 305 $ 304 $ 302
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma equity....................... $ 19,181 $ 19,043 $ 18,905
Fair value of purchase contracts....... (26) (26) (26)
----------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted pro forma equity(5)........... $ 19,155 $ 19,017 $ 18,879
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma book value per share:
Common Stock........................... $ 31.84 $ 31.60 $ 31.35
=========== =========== ===========
Class B Stock.......................... $ 562.00 $ 562.00 $ 562.00
=========== =========== ===========
Share Data
Shares allocated to eligible
policyholders......................... 616.4 616.4 616.4
Less:
Estimated shares allocated to eligible
policyholders who did not elect
stock................................ (77.1) (77.1) (77.1)
Estimated shares allocated to eligible
policyholders who receive cash or
policy credits....................... (83.0) (83.0) (83.0)
----------- ----------- -----------
Shares issued to eligible
policyholders......................... 456.3 456.3 456.3
----------- ----------- -----------
Shares issued in the offering of Common
Stock................................. 110.0 110.0 110.0
----------- ----------- -----------
Total shares of Common Stock
outstanding........................... 566.3 566.3 566.3
=========== =========== ===========
Total shares of Class B Stock
outstanding........................... 2.0 2.0 2.0
=========== =========== ===========
Common Stock Ownership Percentage
(excluding any Class B Stock)
Eligible policyholders................. 80.6% 80.6% 80.6%
Purchasers in the offering of Common
Stock................................. 19.4% 19.4% 19.4%
-------
(1) Represents the elimination of equity tax expense of $100 million, which
is applicable only to mutual life insurance companies, and net investment
income of $16 million, $17 million and $19 million, net of related tax
benefit of $11 million, $13 million and $13 million for the $25.00,
$27.50 and $30.00 price scenarios, respectively, assumed to be foregone
due to cash payments to certain eligible policyholders. The equity tax
can vary significantly from year to year and will not be applicable after
we convert to a stock life insurance company.
(2) Represents interest expense of $81 million on the IHC debt, net of
related tax benefit of $59 million.
(3) Represent gross proceeds of $175 million from the issuance of the Class B
Stock, less a placement agent discount and estimated offering expenses
aggregating $4 million.
(4) Represents distributions on the redeemable capital securities,
amortization of issuance costs and interest expense related to the
contract fee payments on the purchase contracts, in aggregate, of $19
million, net of related tax benefit of $13 million.
(5) Adjusted pro forma equity attributed to the Closed Block Business is
$1,124 million. The remainder is attributed to the Financial Services
Businesses.
85
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following analysis of our consolidated financial
condition and results of operations in connection with the "Selected
Consolidated Financial and Other Information" and the consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial
condition and results of operations for all periods prior to the effective
date of the demutualization, including the nine months ended September 30,
2001 and 2000 and the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, represent
the financial condition and results of operations of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America and its consolidated subsidiaries. On the effective date of
the demutualization, The Prudential Insurance Company of America will become a
wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. The
consolidated financial statements of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America prior to the demutualization will become Prudential Financial, Inc.'s
consolidated financial statements upon demutualization.
Overview
Business Divisions and Segments
Financial Services Businesses
We refer to the businesses in our four operating divisions and our Corporate
and Other operations, collectively, as our Financial Services Businesses. The
U.S. Consumer division consists of our Individual Life Insurance, Private
Client Group, Retail Investments and Property and Casualty Insurance segments.
The Employee Benefits division consists of our Group Insurance and Other
Employee Benefits segments. The International division consists of our
International Insurance and International Securities and Investments segments.
The Asset Management division consists of our Investment Management and
Advisory Services and Other Asset Management segments. We also have Corporate
and Other operations, which contain corporate items and initiatives that are
not allocated to the business segments. Corporate and Other operations also
include businesses that we have divested or placed in wind-down status (other
than our divested healthcare business, which is treated as a discontinued
operation). The principal corporate items are the expense of corporate
management and earnings on equity not allocated to our businesses.
We attribute financing costs to each segment based on its use of financing
and reflect financing costs in each segment's results. The net investment
income of each segment includes earnings on the amount of equity which
management believes is necessary to support the risks of that segment.
Traditional Participating Products Segment
In connection with the demutualization, we will cease offering domestic
participating products. The liabilities for our individual in force
participating products will then be segregated, together with assets which
will be used exclusively for the payment of benefits and policyholder
dividends, expenses and taxes with respect to these products, in a regulatory
mechanism referred to as the "Closed Block". We have selected the amount and
type of Closed Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities included in the
Closed Block so that the Closed Block Assets initially will have a lower book
value than the Closed Block Liabilities. We expect that the Closed Block
Assets will generate sufficient cash flow, together with anticipated revenues
from the Closed Block policies, over the life of the Closed Block to fund
payments of all expenses, taxes and policyholder benefits to be paid to, and
the reasonable dividend expectations of, policyholders of the Closed Block
products. We also will segregate for accounting purposes the Surplus and
Related Assets that we will need to hold outside the Closed Block to meet
capital requirements related to the products included within the Closed Block.
No policies sold after demutualization will be added to the Closed Block and
its in force business is expected to ultimately decline as we pay policyholder
benefits in full. We expect the proportion of our business represented by the
Closed Block to decline as we grow other businesses. A minor portion of our
Traditional Participating Products segment has consisted of other traditional
insurance products that will not be included in the Closed Block.
Revenues and Expenses
We earn our revenues principally from insurance premiums; mortality,
expense, and asset management fees from insurance and investment products;
commissions and other revenues from securities brokerage transactions; and
investment of general account and other funds. We earn premiums primarily from
the sale of individual life
86
insurance, group life and disability insurance and automobile and homeowners
insurance. We earn mortality, expense, and asset management fees from the sale
and servicing of separate account products including variable life insurance
and variable annuities. We also earn asset management and administrative fees
from the sale and servicing of mutual funds, retirement products and other
asset management products and services. Our operating expenses principally
consist of insurance benefits provided, general business expenses, dividends
to policyholders, commissions and other costs of selling and servicing the
various products we sell and interest credited on general account liabilities.
Profitability
Our profitability depends principally on our ability to price and manage
risk on insurance products, our ability to attract and retain customer assets,
and our ability to manage expenses. Specific drivers of our profitability
include:
. our ability to manufacture and distribute products and services and to
introduce new products gaining market acceptance on a timely basis;
. our ability to price our insurance products at a level that enables us to
earn a margin over the cost of providing benefits and the expense of
acquiring customers and administering those products;
. our mortality and morbidity experience on individual and group life
insurance, annuity and group disability insurance products;
. our persistency experience, which affects our ability to recover the cost
of acquiring new business over the lives of the contracts;
. our management of our exposure to catastrophic and other losses on our
property and casualty insurance products;
. our cost of administering insurance contracts and providing asset
management products and services;
. our returns on invested assets, net of the amounts we credit to
policyholders' accounts;
. our ability to earn commissions and fees from the sale and servicing of
mutual funds, annuities, defined contribution and other investment
products at a level that enables us to earn a margin over the expense of
providing such services;
. the amount of our assets under management and changes in their fair
value, which affect the amount of asset management fees we receive;
. our ability to generate commissions and fees from securities activities
at a level that enables us to earn a margin over the expenses of
providing such services; and
. our ability to generate favorable investment results through asset-
liability management and strategic and tactical asset allocation.
In addition, factors such as regulation, competition, interest rates, taxes,
foreign exchange rates, securities market conditions and general economic
conditions affect our profitability. In some of our product lines,
particularly those in the Traditional Participating Products segment, we share
experience on mortality, morbidity, persistency and investment results with
our customers, which can offset the impact of these factors on our
profitability from those products.
Historically, the participating products to be included in the Closed Block,
as well as the other products included in the Traditional Participating
Products segment, have yielded lower returns on capital invested than many of
our other businesses. Following the demutualization, we expect that the
proportion of the traditional participating products in our in force business
will gradually diminish as these older policies age and we grow other
businesses. However, the relatively lower returns to us on this existing block
of business will continue to affect our consolidated results of operations for
many years. The Common Stock is expected to reflect the performance of our
Financial Services Businesses, which will include the capital previously
included in the Traditional Participating Products segment in excess of the
amount necessary to support the Closed Block Business. The Financial Services
Businesses will also include other traditional insurance products previously
included in the Traditional Participating Products segment but which will not
be included in the Closed Block. The Class B Stock will be designed to reflect
the financial performance of our Closed Block Business.
87
In February 1998, we announced our intention to seek legislation that would
permit our demutualization. The publicity about our possible demutualization
may have contributed to improvements in our sales, our persistency experience
or both in a number of product lines since that time, although we cannot be
certain of this.
Demutualization and Related Transactions
On the effective date of the demutualization, which will occur at the time
of closing of the offering, The Prudential Insurance Company of America will
convert from a mutual life insurance company owned by its policyholders to a
stock life insurance company and become a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of
Prudential Financial, Inc.
The plan of reorganization requires us to establish and operate a mechanism
known as the Closed Block. The Closed Block is designed generally to provide
for the reasonable expectations for future policy dividends after
demutualization of the holders of the policies included in the Closed Block by
allocating assets that will be used for the payment of benefits on those
policies. We will initially allocate assets to the Closed Block equal to
approximately 26% of The Prudential Insurance Company of America's general
account invested assets, in a mix approximately proportional to the invested
assets of Prudential's general account supporting our Traditional
Participating Products segment. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed
Consolidated Financial Information--Unaudited Pro Forma Closed Block
Information" and "Demutualization and Related Transactions--The
Demutualization--The Closed Block" below for additional information regarding
the terms of the Closed Block and the assets and liabilities allocated
thereto. In connection with the demutualization, we intend, but are not
required, to "destack" or reorganize the ownership of various subsidiaries of
The Prudential Insurance Company of America so that they become indirect or
direct subsidiaries of Prudential Financial, Inc. rather than The Prudential
Insurance Company of America. See "Demutualization and Related Transactions--
Related Transactions--The Destacking" below for additional information
regarding the terms of the destacking and its pro forma effect on The
Prudential Insurance Company of America. Additionally, in connection with our
demutualization, we plan to issue shares of Class B Stock of Prudential
Financial, Inc. and the IHC debt in private placements. See "Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information", "Unaudited Pro Forma
Supplementary Information" and "Demutualization and Related Transactions--
Related Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances" for information
regarding the terms of these securities and the pro forma effect of their
issuances.
Consolidated Results of Operations
In managing our business, we analyze our operating performance by separately
considering our Financial Services Businesses and our Traditional
Participating Products segment. In addition, within both the Financial
Services Businesses and the Traditional Participating Products segment, we
analyze our operating performance using a non-GAAP measure we call "adjusted
operating income". We calculate adjusted operating income by adjusting our
income from continuing operations before income taxes to exclude certain
items. The items excluded are:
. realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges;
. sales practices remedies and costs;
. the gains, losses and contribution to income/loss of divested businesses
that we have sold but that do not qualify for "discontinued operations"
accounting treatment under GAAP; and
. demutualization costs and expenses.
Wind-down businesses that we have not divested remain in adjusted operating
income. We exclude our discontinued healthcare operations from income from
continuing operations before income taxes.
The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall results
of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a substitute
for net income determined in accordance with GAAP, and you should note that
our definition of adjusted operating income may differ from that used by other
companies. However, we believe that the presentation of adjusted operating
income as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of
our results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations
and the underlying profitability of our businesses. We exclude realized
investment gains, net of losses
88
and related charges, from adjusted operating income, because the timing of
transactions resulting in recognition of gains or losses is largely at our
discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is heavily influenced by
and fluctuates in part according to the availability of market opportunities.
Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions could distort trends
in the underlying profitability of our businesses. We exclude sales practices
remedies and costs because they relate to a substantial and identifiable non-
recurring event. We exclude the gains and losses and contribution to
income/loss of divested businesses because, as a result of our decision to
dispose of these businesses, these results are not relevant to the
profitability of our ongoing operations and could distort the trends
associated with our ongoing operations. We also exclude demutualization
expenses because they are directly related to our demutualization and could
distort the trends associated with our business operations.
In the discussion below of our consolidated results of operations, we
separately discuss income from continuing operations before income taxes and
adjusted operating income for the Financial Services Businesses, as well as
the divisions thereof and Corporate and Other operations, and the Traditional
Participating Products segment. We also discuss the items excluded from
adjusted operating income, i.e., realized investment gains, sales practices
remedies and costs, demutualization expenses and divested businesses, as well
as items not included in income from continuing operations before taxes, i.e.,
taxes and discontinued operations. Realized investment gains are allocated
between the Financial Services Businesses and the Traditional Participating
Products segment. Sales practices remedies and costs and divested businesses
are allocated entirely to the Financial Services Businesses. For purposes of
analyzing our results, taxes and discontinued operations are not allocated to
our segments or divisions. Following this consolidated discussion, you will
find a detailed discussion of our results of operations by division and by the
segments of each division, as well as the Traditional Participating Products
segment.
Net Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Net income decreased $314 million, or
47%, from $666 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $352 million in the
first nine months of 2001. The decrease reflects a $963 million decrease in
income from continuing operations before income taxes, partially offset by a
$649 million decrease in the related provision for income taxes as discussed
below under "--Taxes". Our $352 million net income for the first nine months
of 2001 included a net loss of $280 million for the third quarter of 2001. The
$280 million net loss reflects a loss from continuing operations before income
taxes of $497 million, including net realized investment losses of $574
million and adjusted operating income of $283 million. The net realized
investment losses in the third quarter of 2001 included $601 million of
recognized impairments.
The $963 million decrease in income from continuing operations before income
taxes resulted from a $532 million decrease from the Financial Services
Businesses and a $431 million decrease from the Traditional Participating
Products segment. The $532 million decrease from the Financial Services
Businesses came primarily from a $541 million decline from our U.S. Consumer
division, a $91 million decline from our Asset Management division, and an $81
million decline from our Employee Benefits division, partially offset by an
increase of $123 million from our International division and a $58 million
reduction in losses from Corporate and Other operations.
The $541 million decline from our U.S. Consumer division and the $91 million
decline from our Asset Management division came primarily from decreases in
adjusted operating income. The $81 million decline from our Employee Benefits
division came primarily from a $152 million decline in adjusted operating
income, which was partially offset by a $71 million decrease in realized
investment losses, net of related charges. The $123 million increase from our
International division came from an increase in adjusted operating income.
Results for our International division include the results of Gibraltar Life,
which we acquired in April 2001, from April 2, 2001 through August 31, 2001.
The $58 million reduction in losses from Corporate and Other operations came
primarily from a $219 million increase in realized investment gains, net of
losses, which was partially offset by an $86 million increase in
demutualization expenses, a $53 million increase in losses from divested
businesses, and a $22 million decrease in adjusted operating income.
In the 2001 fourth quarter, we will recognize an after-tax charge of $327
million with respect to our payment of demutualization consideration to our
former Canadian branch policyholders and, in addition, we currently
anticipate, if present economic and financial conditions continue, a 2001
fourth quarter net loss, prior to such after-tax charge, roughly comparable to
our 2001 third quarter net loss.
89
See "--Adjusted Operating Income" below for a discussion of the adjusted
operating income results of our divisions, Corporate and Other operations and
our Traditional Participating Products segment.
See "--Realized Investment Gains" below for a discussion of realized
investment gains, net of losses, and charges related to net realized
investment gains.
Terrorist Attacks on the United States
Our losses from insurance claims arising in connection with the September
11, 2001 terrorist attacks, after release of existing reserves and reinsurance
recoveries, had a negative effect on adjusted operating income and income from
continuing operations before income taxes of approximately $50 million, and on
net income of approximately $30 million, for the nine months ended September
30, 2001. These insurance losses are based on gross losses of approximately
$220 million from group life, individual life, and property and casualty
insurance claims. Approximately $37 million of the negative impact on adjusted
operating income and income from continuing operations before income taxes
related to the Financial Services Businesses, primarily in the Individual Life
Insurance segment. The remainder of the losses related to the Traditional
Participating Products segment.
We suffered no material injury to our personnel or properties used in our
business operations from the attacks.
The terrorist attacks have significantly adversely affected general
economic, market and political conditions. This may have a negative effect on
our businesses and results of operations over time. In particular, the
declines in share prices experienced following the reopening of the U.S.
equity markets following the attacks have contributed and may continue to
contribute to a decline in assets under management and administration, which
in turn could have a negative effect on fees we earn based on asset values in
our U.S. Consumer, Employee Benefits, and Asset Management divisions. The
transaction volume of our Private Client Group segment may continue to be
negatively affected if there is a decreased level of investor activity as a
result of continuing uncertainties. Our general account investment portfolios
include investments, primarily comprised of debt securities, in industries
that we believe may be adversely affected by the terrorist attacks including
airlines, non-life insurance, lodging and entertainment companies, with a
total carrying value as of September 30, 2001 of approximately $3.0 billion,
excluding securities maturing with one year. We also have equity securities in
these industries with a carrying value of approximately $0.1 billion as of
that date. The effect of these events on the valuation of these investments is
uncertain and could lead to increased impairments.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Net income decreased $415 million, or 51%,
from $813 million in 1999 to $398 million in 2000. This decrease reflects a
$1.528 billion decrease in income from continuing operations before income
taxes, partially offset by a $636 million decrease in the related provision
for income taxes as discussed below under "--Taxes". Additionally, net income
for 2000 included $77 million of income resulting from a reduction in our loss
on disposal of our discontinued healthcare operations, while 1999 net income
included a $400 million increase in our loss on disposal of these operations,
as discussed below under "--Discontinued Operations".
The $1.528 billion decrease in income from continuing operations before
income taxes resulted from a $1.377 billion decrease from the Financial
Services Businesses and a $151 million decrease from the Traditional
Participating Products segment. The $1.377 billion decrease from the Financial
Services Businesses came primarily from a $1.335 billion decline from
Corporate and Other operations and a $216 million decline from our Employee
Benefits division, partially offset by an $85 million increase from our U.S.
Consumer division and a $65 million increase from our International division.
The $1.335 billion decline from Corporate and Other operations came primarily
from a $637 million decline in realized investment gains, net of losses, and
from a $643 million decline from the former lead-managed underwriting and
institutional fixed income businesses of Prudential Securities, which we
include in "divested businesses." The $216 million decline from our Employee
Benefits division came primarily from a $203 million decline in realized
investment gains, net of losses and related charges. The $85 million increase
from our U.S. Consumer division came primarily from a $73 million increase in
adjusted operating income. The $65 million increase from our International
division reflected an $89 million increase in adjusted operating income.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Net income decreased $293 million, or 26%,
from $1.106 billion in 1998 to $813 million in 1999. This decrease reflects a
$342 million decrease in income from continuing operations before income taxes
and a $72 million increase in the related provision for income taxes as
discussed below under "--Taxes". A decrease of $121 million in the loss from
our discontinued healthcare operations, as discussed below under "--
Discontinued Operations", was a partial offset.
90
The $342 million decrease in income from continuing operations before income
taxes resulted from a $1.323 billion decrease from the Traditional
Participating Products segment, partially offset by a $981 million increase
from the Financial Services Businesses. The $1.323 billion decline from the
Traditional Participating Products segment came from a $1.433 billion decrease
in realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges, which was
partially offset by a $110 million increase in adjusted operating income. The
$981 million increase from the Financial Services Businesses came primarily
from a $1.591 billion improvement from Corporate and Other operations and
increases in income from continuing operations before income taxes of $86
million from our Asset Management division and $76 million from our
International division, partially offset by a $451 million decline from our
Employee Benefits division and a $321 million decline from our U.S. Consumer
division. The $1.591 billion improvement from Corporate and Other operations
came primarily from a decrease in charges for sales practices remedies and
costs of $1.050 billion, which is discussed below under "--Sales Practices
Remedies and Costs", a $272 million increase in realized investment gains, net
of losses, and a $171 million improvement in adjusted operating income. The
$86 million increase in income from continuing operations before income taxes
from our Asset Management division, and the $76 million increase from our
International division, came entirely from increases in adjusted operating
income. The $451 million decrease from our Employee Benefits division came
primarily from a $411 million decrease in realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges. The $321 million decrease from our U.S. Consumer
division came from a $185 million decrease in adjusted operating income and a
$136 million decline in realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. On a consolidated basis, adjusted
operating income decreased $610 million, or 31%, from $1.989 billion for the
first nine months of 2000 to $1.379 billion for the first nine months of 2001.
Our adjusted operating income for the third quarter of 2001 was $283 million,
reflecting adjusted operating income of $256 million for the Financial
Services Businesses and $27 million for the Traditional Participating Products
segment. Adjusted operating income in the Financial Services Businesses for
the third quarter of 2001 reflected declines in results in the U.S. Consumer
and Employee Benefits divisions compared to prior periods of 2001. The
decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 came from a $598 million
decrease from the Financial Services Businesses, and a $12 million decrease
from the Traditional Participating Products segment. Adjusted operating income
of our Financial Services Businesses for the first nine months of 2001
includes $185 million, which represents Gibraltar Life's results from April 2,
2001 through August 31, 2001.
Adjusted operating income of our Financial Services Businesses decreased
$598 million, or 35%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine
months of 2001. The decrease came primarily from decreases of $479 million
from our U.S. Consumer division and $152 million from our Employee Benefits
division.
The $479 million decrease in adjusted operating income from our U.S.
Consumer division came primarily from a $438 million decrease from the Private
Client Group segment. The $152 million decrease in adjusted operating income
from our Employee Benefits division came from declines in both segments in the
division.
Adjusted operating income of the Traditional Participating Products segment
decreased $12 million, or 4%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first
nine months of 2001, primarily from a $160 million reserve for unreported
death claims, partially offset by a reduction in the charge for policyholder
dividends, which excludes the portion of the dividend related to net realized
investment gains, a reduction in amortization of deferred policy acquisition
costs and a decline in operating expenses.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. On a consolidated basis, adjusted operating
income increased $263 million, or 13%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase came
from a $231 million increase from the Traditional Participating Products
segment and a $32 million increase from the Financial Services Businesses.
Adjusted operating income of our Financial Services Businesses increased $32
million, or 2%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase came primarily from increases
of $89 million from our International division and $73 million from our U.S.
Consumer division, partially offset by a $141 million decrease from Corporate
and Other operations.
The $89 million increase in adjusted operating income from our International
division came primarily from a $78 million increase from the International
Insurance segment. The $73 million increase in adjusted operating income from
our U.S. Consumer division came primarily from an increase of $65 million from
the Retail
91
Investments segment. The $141 million decrease from Corporate and Other
operations came primarily from corporate-level activities, which included a
one-time benefit of $114 million recognized in 1999 as a result of a reduction
of recorded liabilities for our own employee benefits.
Adjusted operating income of the Traditional Participating Products segment
increased $231 million, or 73%, from 1999 to 2000, primarily as a result of an
increase in investment income net of interest expense and a decline in
operating expenses.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. On a consolidated basis, adjusted operating
income increased $218 million, or 12%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase came
from a $110 million increase from the Traditional Participating Products
segment and a $108 million increase from the Financial Services Businesses.
Adjusted operating income of our Financial Services Businesses increased
$108 million, or 7%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase came primarily from a
$171 million improvement from Corporate and Other operations, an $86 million
increase in adjusted operating income from our Asset Management division, and
a $76 million increase in adjusted operating income from our International
division, partially offset by a $185 million decrease from our U.S. Consumer
division.
Our adjusted operating income for 1999 included $137 million from Corporate
and Other operations, compared to a $34 million loss in 1998. The $171 million
improvement came primarily from corporate level activities, which included a
$114 million one-time benefit recognized in 1999 as a result of a reduction in
recorded liabilities for our own employee benefits. The $86 million increase
in adjusted operating income from our Asset Management division came primarily
from a $75 million increase from our Other Asset Management segment, which
includes our commercial mortgage securitization operations, hedge portfolios,
and equity sales and trading operations. The $76 million increase in adjusted
operating income from our International division came primarily from a $74
million increase from the International Insurance segment. The $185 million
decrease in adjusted operating income from our U.S. Consumer division came
from decreases of $159 million from the Property and Casualty Insurance
segment, $75 million from the Retail Investments segment, and $61 million from
the Individual Life Insurance segment, partially offset by a $110 million
increase from the Private Client Group segment.
Adjusted operating income of the Traditional Participating Products segment
increased $110 million, or 53%, from 1998 to 1999, primarily as a result of a
decrease in operating expenses.
Realized Investment Gains
We generated significant realized investment gains in recent years prior to
2000, primarily as a result of our real estate sales and our strategies for
our fixed maturity portfolio and hedging. We carried out a program from 1997
through 1999 to reduce our exposure to illiquid direct real estate and real
estate related investments, which in the aggregate had appreciated in value,
by selling a substantial portion of these investments and investing in more
liquid fixed-income securities and, to a lesser extent, securities of real
estate investment trusts. As a result, the book value of our real estate
investments decreased by 41% to $2.0 billion at December 31, 1999 from $3.4
billion at January 1, 1997, and we generated net realized investment gains of
$982 million in 1997, $1.076 billion in 1998, and $703 million in 1999. We
believe that it is unlikely that the investments made and to be made to
replace the real estate sold will result in a similar level of realized
investment gains in the future. Real estate and real estate related
investments amounted to $2.061 billion at September 30, 2001, including real
estate of $380 million related to Gibraltar Life, which we acquired in April
2001.
We generated significant realized investment losses in 2000 and 1999 and
realized investment gains in 1998 in our fixed maturity portfolio primarily as
a result of employing an active bond management strategy. We have frequently
used an active management strategy for a significant portion of our public
fixed maturity investment portfolio to maximize the overall return on our
investments, subject to our adjusted operating income objectives. See
"Business--General Account Investments--Fixed Maturity Securities" for a
description of this strategy. When applied during a period of generally
declining interest rates, we expect that using this strategy will result in
lower investment income partially offset by realized investment gains.
Conversely, when applied during a period of generally rising interest rates,
we expect that using this strategy will result in increased investment income
offset by realized investment losses. The amount of our gains or losses also
depends on relative value opportunities and other variables. In consideration
of our adjusted operating income objectives, and other factors, we may choose,
at times, to constrain our active management and, therefore, the magnitude of
realized investment gains or losses.
92
In addition, we require most issuers of private fixed maturity securities to
pay us make-whole yield maintenance payments when they prepay the securities.
Prepayment levels are also driven by the interest rate environment and other
factors not within our control. The prepayment of private fixed maturities we
held contributed $103 million of realized investment gains in the first nine
months of 2001, $62 million in the first nine months of 2000, $74 million in
the year ended December 31, 2000, $155 million in 1999, and $189 million in
1998.
Realized investment gains, net of losses, also includes impairments on fixed
income and equity assets, which we recognize on an ongoing basis. The level of
impairments generally reflects economic conditions, and is expected to
increase when economic conditions worsen and to decrease when economic
conditions improve.
We use derivative contracts to hedge the risk that changes in interest rates
or foreign currency exchange rates will affect the market value of certain
investments. The vast majority of these derivative contracts do not qualify
for hedge accounting and, consequently, we recognize the changes in fair value
of such contracts from period to period in current earnings, although we do
not necessarily treat the underlying assets the same way. Accordingly, our
hedging activities contribute significantly to fluctuations in realized
investment gains and losses.
The comparisons below discuss realized investment gains net of losses and
related charges. These charges relate to policyholder dividends, deferred
acquisition costs, or DAC, and reserves for future policy benefits. Net
realized investment gains is one of the elements that we consider in
establishing the domestic dividend scale and in providing for dividends to
Gibraltar Life policyholders, and the related charge for dividends to
policyholders represents the estimated portion of our expense charge for
policyholder dividends that is attributable to net realized investment gains
that we consider in determining our dividend scale and the Gibraltar Life
dividends. See "--Results of Operations for Financial Services Businesses by
Division and Traditional Participating Products Segment--Traditional
Participating Products Segment" below. We amortize deferred policy acquisition
costs for interest sensitive products based on estimated gross profits, which
include net realized investment gains on the underlying invested assets, and
the related charge for amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
represents the amortization related to net realized investment gains. We
adjust the reserves for some of our policies when cash flows related to these
policies are affected by net realized investment gains, and the related charge
for reserves for future policy benefits represents that adjustment. The
changes in these related charges from one period to another may be
disproportionate to the changes in realized investment gains, net of losses,
because the indicated reserve adjustments relate to realized investment gains,
but not losses, evaluated over several periods, and because realized
investment gains and losses are reflected in the dividend scale over a number
of years.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. For the Financial Services Businesses,
realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges, increased $205
million, from a net loss of $209 million in the first nine months of 2000 to a
net loss of $4 million in the first nine months of 2001. The net realized
investment loss of the Financial Services Businesses for the first nine months
of 2001 reflected impairments recognized of $522 million. For the Traditional
Participating Products segment, realized investment gains, net of losses and
related charges, declined $419 million, from a net loss of $253 million in the
first nine months of 2000 to a net loss of $672 million in the first nine
months of 2001. The net realized investment loss of the Traditional
Participating Products segment for the first nine months of 2001 reflected
impairments recognized of $438 million.
On a consolidated basis, realized investment gains, net of losses and
related charges, declined $214 million, from a net loss of $462 million in the
first nine months of 2000 to a net loss of $676 million in the first nine
months of 2001. Realized investment gains, net of losses but excluding related
charges, declined $119 million, from a net loss of $151 million in the first
nine months of 2000 to a net loss of $270 million in the first nine months of
2001. Charges related to net realized investment gains and losses increased
from $311 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $406 million in the
first nine months of 2001. These charges did not change proportionately with
the change in realized investment gains, net of losses, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001 for the reasons described
above.
We realized net losses of $365 million on fixed maturity investments in the
first nine months of 2001, compared to net losses of $846 million in the first
nine months of 2000. During the first nine months of 2001, we recognized
impairments on fixed maturities totaling $757 million. These impairments were
partially offset by realized gains of $392 million from sales and prepayments
of fixed maturities in an environment of lower interest rates than when the
securities were purchased. The net losses in the first nine months of 2000
came primarily from
93
fixed maturity investment sales in an environment of higher interest rates
than those when the securities were purchased as well as impairments we
recorded on fixed maturity investments totaling $301 million. The effect of
economic and market conditions, including those related to the terrorist
attacks on the United States as discussed under "--Net Income" is uncertain
and could result in additional impairments. We realized net losses on equity
securities of $121 million in the first nine months of 2001, compared to net
gains of $382 million in the first nine months of 2000, as the first nine
months of 2000 benefited from more favorable equity market conditions and we
disposed of appreciated equity securities as part of a portfolio rebalancing
program. We recorded net investment gains on derivatives of $157 million for
the first nine months of 2001 and $256 million for the first nine months of
2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. For the Financial Services Businesses,
realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges, declined $852
million from a net gain of $444 million in 1999 to a net loss of $408 million
in 2000. For the Traditional Participating Products segment, realized
investment gains, net of losses and related charges, declined $382 million,
from a net gain of $28 million in 1999 to a net loss of $354 million in 2000.
On a consolidated basis, realized investment gains, net of losses and
related charges, declined $1.234 billion, from a net gain of $472 million in
1999 to a net loss of $762 million in 2000. Realized investment gains, net of
losses but excluding related charges, declined $1.212 billion, from a net gain
of $924 million in 1999 to a net loss of $288 million in 2000. Charges related
to net realized investment gains and losses were essentially unchanged,
amounting to $452 million in 1999 and $474 million in 2000. These charges did
not change proportionately with the change in realized investment gains, net
of losses, in 2000 from 1999 for the reasons described above.
We realized losses of $1.066 billion on fixed maturity investments in 2000
and $557 million in 1999. These net realized losses reflected the impact of
fixed maturity investment sales in environments of higher interest rates than
those when the securities were purchased. The $509 million increase in fixed
maturity realized losses in 2000 from 1999 came primarily from a portfolio
strategy we implemented to sell securities with lower investment income yields
underlying some of our long-duration products in the Other Employee Benefits
segment and in our debt-financed corporate investment portfolio, reinvesting
the proceeds in higher yielding securities, and from increased impairments in
2000. We recognized impairments on fixed maturity investments of $540 million
in 2000, primarily on publicly traded high yield and other corporate bonds,
compared to $266 million in 1999. These impairments are consistent with our
expected levels, with the increase reflecting a slowing of the economy. We
realized net gains on sales of equity securities of $450 million in 2000,
compared to $223 million in 1999. We realized net gains from disposals of
direct real estate and real estate related joint ventures of $149 million in
2000 compared to $703 million in 1999, reflecting several major transactions
that closed in 1999. We recorded net investment gains of $165 million on
derivatives during 2000, compared to net gains of $305 million in 1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. For the Financial Services Businesses,
realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges, declined $275
million from a net gain of $719 million in 1998 to a net gain of $444 million
in 1999. For the Traditional Participating Products segment, realized
investment gains, net of losses and related charges, declined $1.433 billion
from a net gain of $1.461 billion in 1998 to a net gain of $28 million in
1999.
On a consolidated basis, realized investment gains, net of losses and
related charges, declined $1.708 billion from $2.180 billion in 1998 to $472
million in 1999. Realized investment gains, net of losses but excluding
related charges, declined $1.717 billion from $2.641 billion in 1998 to $924
million in 1999. Realized investment gains in 1999 included a $201 million
release of our mortgage loan reserve, which reflected the continuing
improvement in the economic climate and a continuing significant decrease in
impaired loans. We believe that similar reserve releases are unlikely in the
near future.
We realized net losses of $557 million on fixed maturity investments for
1999, compared to net gains of $1.381 billion in 1998. This reflected the
impact of sales of fixed maturity investments in an increasing interest rate
environment during 1999, compared to a declining interest rate environment
during 1998. Also contributing to the 1999 net losses realized on fixed
maturity investments were impairments recognized, amounting to $266 million,
compared to impairments of $96 million in 1998. Net realized investment gains
on equity securities amounted to $223 million for 1999 and $427 million for
1998. The 1999 results included impairment losses of $205 million, primarily
on Asian private equity investments resulting from adverse economic conditions
in that
94
region and on investments in securities of real estate investment trusts. Net
realized investment gains from direct real estate and real estate-related
joint ventures and limited partnerships amounted to $703 million in 1999
compared to $1.076 billion in 1998. We recorded net investment gains of $305
million on derivatives in 1999, primarily as a result of the increasing
interest rate environment, compared to net losses of $263 million for 1998
resulting from a decreasing interest rate environment.
Sales Practices Remedies and Costs
As of September 30, 2001, we have provided $4.405 billion before tax,
equivalent to $2.850 billion after tax, for both the cost of remedies to be
provided to life insurance policyholders under the remediation process
required under the principal sales practices class action settlement to which
we are a party and additional sales practices costs and expenses. We believe
we are fully reserved and we did not record any incremental charges since
1999. These costs include estimated administrative costs related to the
remediation program and its accompanying alternative dispute resolution
process, regulatory fines, penalties and related payments, litigation costs
and settlements, including settlements associated with the resolution of
claims of deceptive sales practices asserted by policyholders who elected to
"opt-out" of the class action settlement and litigate their claims against us
separately, as well as other associated fees and expenses, which we refer to
in the aggregate as additional sales practices costs.
Charges associated with the cost of remedying policyholder claims and
additional sales practices costs have been adjusted from year to year,
beginning in 1996. No additional net charges were recorded since 1999. The
charges from year to year primarily reflected the increased availability over
time of more specific information about the number of policyholder claims
received and remedied, the accrued interest associated with claim relief,
other factors affecting both the cost of remedies and the cost to us of
administering the remediation program, and the cost of resolving "opt out"
litigation as described above. See Note 17 of our audited consolidated
financial statements for a further description of these charges.
The charges related to our estimated costs of sales practices remedies and
additional sales practices costs and the related liability balances at the
dates indicated are shown below.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- ----------------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
------ ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ------
(in millions)
Liability balance at beginning
of period.................... $ 253 $ 891 $891 $3,058 $2,553 $ 963 $ --
Charges to expense, pre-tax:
Remedy costs................. -- -- (54) (99) 510 1,640 410
Additional sales practices
costs....................... -- -- 54 199 640 390 715
------ ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ------
Total charges to expense..... -- -- -- 100 1,150 2,030 1,125
Amounts paid or credited:
Remedy costs................. 76 405 448 1,708 147 -- --
Additional sales practices
costs....................... 80 134 190 559 498 440 162
------ ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ------
Total amount paid or
credited.................... 156 539 638 2,267 645 440 162
------ ------ ---- ------ ------ ------ ------
Liability balance at end of
period....................... $ 97 $ 352 $253 $ 891 $3,058 $2,553 $ 963
====== ====== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
See "Business--Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings--Insurance--Life
Insurance Sales Practices Issues" for a description of the life insurance
sales practices litigation.
While a portion of the sales practices remedies have been in the form of
policy credits or enhancements, the major portion of the total cost for sales
practices remedies and additional sales practices costs have resulted in cash
disbursements. The cash outflows from these disbursements have reduced our
invested assets and consequently have reduced and will continue to reduce our
investment income. We included the investment income from the assets used to
satisfy the sales practices remedies and additional sales practices costs
prior to their disbursement in our adjusted operating income for Corporate and
Other operations. The $4.4 billion of cash disbursements do not include the
cash flow from surrenders associated with the implementation of the sales
practices remediation program, which are discussed under "--Results of
Operations for Financial Services Businesses by Division and Traditional
Participating Products Segment--Traditional Participating Products Segment--
Policy Surrender Experience".
Divested Businesses
Our income from continuing operations includes results from several
businesses that we have divested but that under generally accepted accounting
principles do not qualify for "discontinued operations" treatment in
95
our income statement. Our results from divested businesses primarily relate to
the former lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate issuers and
institutional fixed income businesses of Prudential Securities and the
operations of Gibraltar Casualty Company, a commercial property and casualty
insurer that we sold in September 2000, as well as obligations we retained or
agreed to in the transactions to sell our other divested businesses. The lead-
managed equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed
income businesses of Prudential Securities recorded pre-tax losses of $122
million in the first nine months of 2001, $50 million in the first nine months
of 2000, $620 million in the year ended December 31, 2000, pre-tax income of
$23 million in 1999 and pre-tax losses of $73 million in 1998. The losses in
the first nine months of 2001 came primarily from deterioration in the value
of collateralized receivables that we are in the process of liquidating, which
are related to these businesses and wind-down costs. The losses from these
operations in the year ended December 31, 2000 came primarily from charges of
$476 million associated with our termination and wind-down of these
activities. The losses in 1998 came primarily from $64 million in proprietary
fixed income trading losses from Russian bond exposure and other fixed income
losses. By the end of 1998, we terminated the proprietary fixed income trading
activities within these operations. Gibraltar recorded pre-tax losses of $7
million in 2000, $72 million in 1999, and $76 million in 1998. The 1999 losses
are attributable to increased reserves for environmental and asbestos-related
claims resulting primarily from an increase in the number of lawsuits being
filed against manufacturers of asbestos-related products. The remainder of our
results from divested businesses are attributable to our remaining obligations
with respect to our divested residential mortgage banking business, a benefits
plan administration business we sold in 1998, and a Canadian life insurance
subsidiary that we sold in May 2000. These results relate primarily to our
divested residential mortgage business, which incurred a pre-tax loss of $41
million in 1998 primarily as a result of an increase in reserves relating to
our remaining exposures in that business.
Demutualization Costs and Expenses
We incurred expenses related to demutualization totaling $199 million in the
first nine months of 2001, $113 million in the first nine months of 2000, $143
million in the year ended December 31, 2000, $75 million in 1999 and $24
million in 1998. These expenses are reported separately in our consolidated
income statements within income from continuing operations before income
taxes. Demutualization expenses consist primarily of the costs of engaging
independent accounting, actuarial, investment banking, legal and other
consultants to advise us and insurance regulators in the demutualization
process and related matters as well as printing and postage for communication
with policyholders. We estimate that we will incur approximately $379 million
of additional demutualization costs and expenses, before related tax benefits,
including the payment of $327 million of demutualization consideration to
former Canadian branch policyholders.
Taxes
A provision of federal tax law applicable to mutual life insurance companies
has resulted in significant fluctuations in our effective tax rate. This tax
law requires adjustment to the deductible portion of policyholder dividends
based on a complex multi-year formula that compares the financial accounting
earnings rates of mutual life insurance companies with those of stock life
insurers. The actual rate to be applied to a particular tax year is determined
by the IRS up to two years after the end of the tax year. Accordingly, we must
estimate the current year's rate in determining our tax provision for the
current year for accounting purposes. When the actual rate is announced by the
IRS, we must recognize any difference between our estimated rate and the IRS's
actual rate in that year. We will no longer be subject to this tax after the
demutualization. The impact of this tax law as reflected in reported results,
including the current year estimate and adjustment of prior year estimates,
constitutes the primary reason for the difference between our reported
effective tax rates and the statutory rate of 35%. See Note 11 of the audited
consolidated financial statements.
Our income tax provisions amounted to $30 million for the first nine months
of 2001 and $679 million for the first nine months of 2000. The income tax
provisions represented 8% of income from continuing operations before income
taxes in the first nine months of 2001 and 50% of income from continuing
operations before income taxes in the first nine months of 2000. The decrease
in the effective rate was due primarily to a $200 million reduction of the
estimated liability for the mutual life insurance company tax in the first
nine months of 2001, versus a $150 million provision for this tax in the first
nine months of 2000.
Our income tax provisions amounted to $406 million for 2000 and $1.042
billion for 1999. The income tax provisions represented 56% of income from
continuing operations before income taxes in 2000 and 46% of
96
income from continuing operations before income taxes in 1999. This increase
in the effective rate was due primarily to the mutual life insurance company
tax discussed above and an increase in demutualization expenses.
Income tax provisions increased $72 million, or 7%, in 1999 from 1998. The
income tax provisions represented 46% of income from continuing operations
before income taxes in 1999 and 37% of income from continuing operations
before income taxes in 1998. This increase in the effective rate was due
primarily to an increase in the provision for the mutual life insurance
company tax discussed above.
Discontinued Operations
In December 1998, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our
healthcare operations as described under "Business--Discontinued Operations--
Healthcare". The sale was completed in August 1999. Net losses from these
operations, after related income tax benefits, were $521 million in 1998,
including a $223 million loss on disposal. We recognized an additional loss on
disposal of these operations during 1999 amounting to $400 million after
related tax benefits. Higher than anticipated operating losses prior to the
closing date, resulting principally from adverse claims experience, and the
impact of this experience on our evaluation of our obligations under our
agreement to make payments to the purchaser of our healthcare operations if
the medical loss ratio exceeds specified levels, caused the additional loss.
In 2000, upon completion of the period covered by that agreement and comparing
other costs we incurred related to the healthcare disposal to those estimated
in 1998 and 1999, we reduced the loss on disposal by $77 million, after
related income taxes. While we believe that, as of September 30, 2001, we have
adequately reserved in all material respects for remaining costs and
liabilities associated with our healthcare business, we might have to incur
additional charges that might be material to our results of operations.
97
Results of Operations for Financial Services Businesses by Division and
Traditional Participating Products Segment
In managing our business, we analyze our operating performance using
"adjusted operating income", which is a non-GAAP measure that excludes certain
items as described above under "--Consolidated Results of Operations". The
following table, prepared on that basis, sets forth the revenues, adjusted
operating income and income from continuing operations before income taxes for
each of our four divisions and for Corporate and Other operations, including
consolidating adjustments, which together comprise our Financial Services
Businesses, and for our Traditional Participating Products segment, for the
nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 and the years ended December 31,
2000, 1999 and 1998, as well as their assets as of those dates.
As of or for the
Nine Months Ended As of or for
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------------ ---------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(in millions)
Revenues(1):
Financial Services
Businesses:
U.S. Consumer............... $ 5,658 $ 6,039 $ 8,015 $ 7,530 $ 7,335
Employee Benefits........... 4,431 4,216 5,686 5,442 5,463
International............... 3,369 1,953 2,624 2,102 1,622
Asset Management............ 931 1,005 1,344 1,137 993
Corporate and Other......... 123 214 283 566 313
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total Financial
Services Businesses...... 14,512 13,427 17,952 16,777 15,726
Traditional Participating
Products segment............ 6,140 6,331 8,611 8,356 8,332
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total..................... $ 20,652 $ 19,758 $ 26,563 $ 25,133 $ 24,058
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Adjusted operating income(2):
Financial Services
Businesses:
U.S. Consumer............... $ 323 $ 802 $ 740 $ 667 $ 852
Employee Benefits........... 159 311 387 400 440
International............... 398 262 322 233 157
Asset Management............ 155 236 276 252 166
Corporate and Other......... 55 77 (4) 137 (34)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total Financial Services
Businesses............... 1,090 1,688 1,721 1,689 1,581
Traditional Participating
Products segment............ 289 301 547 316 206
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total..................... $ 1,379 $ 1,989 $ 2,268 $ 2,005 $ 1,787
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Income from continuing
operations before income
taxes:
Financial Services
Businesses:
U.S. Consumer............... $ 261 $ 802 $ 744 $ 659 $ 980
Employee Benefits........... 106 187 269 485 936
International............... 405 282 307 242 166
Asset Management............ 147 238 277 253 167
Corporate and Other......... (154) (212) (1,063) 272 (1,319)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total Financial Services
Businesses............... 765 1,297 534 1,911 930
Traditional Participating
Products segment............ (383) 48 193 344 1,667
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total..................... $ 382 $ 1,345 $ 727 $ 2,255 $ 2,597
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Assets(3):
Financial Services
Businesses:
U.S. Consumer............... $ 68,636 $ 78,919 $ 73,223 $ 78,235 $ 68,546
Employee Benefits........... 73,267 74,891 75,817 73,955 79,716
International(4)............ 43,990 10,814 10,370 9,275 7,789
Asset Management............ 27,603 32,114 30,602 25,558 24,137
Corporate and Other......... 10,221 34,931 12,814 29,498 33,454
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total Financial Services
Businesses............... 223,717 231,669 202,826 216,521 213,642
Traditional Participating
Products segment............ 71,994 72,533 69,927 68,573 63,098
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total..................... $295,711 $304,202 $272,753 $285,094 $276,740
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
--------
(l) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses, and revenues
from divested businesses.
(2) Adjusted operating income equals revenues as defined above in footnote (1)
less benefits and expenses excluding (i) the impact of net realized
investment gains on deferred acquisition cost amortization, reserves and
dividends to policyholders; (ii) sales practices remedies and costs; (iii)
the benefits and expenses from divested businesses; and (iv)
demutualization expenses.
(3) Assets exclude $2.682 billion at December 31, 1998 related to our
discontinued healthcare operations.
(4) Assets of our International division at September 30, 2001 include assets
of Gibraltar Life, which we acquired in April 2001, amounting to $31.964
billion.
98
U.S. Consumer Division
The U.S. Consumer division generates income from premiums, as well as fee-
based revenues and spread income, through the Individual Life Insurance,
Retail Investments and Property and Casualty Insurance segments. Premiums and
investment income are received by the Individual Life Insurance and Property
and Casualty Insurance segments on insurance products and by the Retail
Investments segment on some of its annuity products. Products and services
that generate fee-based revenue include mutual funds, variable annuities,
variable life insurance and wrap-fee products. The latter fee-based revenues
consist primarily of asset management fees, account servicing fees and risk
charges. The Retail Investments segment receives fees and investment income
from retail investment products. Additionally, the securities brokerage
operations that account for the major portion of revenues of the Private
Client Group segment generate revenues from client commissions, asset
management and portfolio service fees, and net interest revenues derived
primarily from margin lending to customers, as well as sales credits related
to transactions with retail customers associated with equity and fixed income
sales and trading operations. We also earn trading revenues from our fixed
income trading operations which are incidental to our retail operations. We
include fee-based revenues in the line captioned "commissions and other
income" or "policy charges and fee income" in our consolidated statement of
operations. The Private Client Group segment also includes our consumer
banking operations.
We seek to earn spread income in our general account on various products.
Spread income is the difference between our return on the investments
supporting the products net of expenses and the amounts we credit to our
contractholders. Products that generate spread income primarily include the
general account insurance products of the Individual Life Insurance segment,
and fixed annuities and the fixed-rate option of variable annuities of the
Retail Investments segment. We include revenues from these products, other
than premiums received from policyholders, primarily in the line captioned
"net investment income" in our consolidated statement of operations.
The Individual Life Insurance and Private Client Group segments pay the
expenses of their own proprietary sales forces for distribution of products.
Additionally, the Retail Investments segment pays the Individual Life
Insurance and Private Client Group segments for distribution of its products
by Prudential Agents and Financial Advisors. The Individual Life Insurance,
Retail Investments and Property and Casualty Insurance segments also pay our
Investment Management and Advisory Services segment for management of
proprietary assets which include the general account investments that support
our Individual Life Insurance, Retail Investments and Property and Casualty
Insurance segments, as well as most of the assets supporting our separate
account life insurance and annuity products such as variable life insurance
and annuities. These fees result in expenses to the segments of the U.S.
Consumer division and revenues to the Asset Management division. We reflect
all of the intra-company asset management services at rates that we determine
with reference to market rates.
In recent years, sales in our individual life and property and casualty
insurance businesses, as measured by both number of policies and premiums,
have generally declined or not grown significantly. This trend is due in part
to a continuing decline in the number of Prudential Agents. We believe that
the decline in Prudential Agents results from higher productivity standards
and the dislocations in connection with our sales practices litigation as well
as our responsive actions to this litigation. This trend in sales has had an
adverse impact on premiums, primarily from new business, and adjusted
operating income. We are seeking to improve performance by taking steps to
refocus the Prudential Agent sales force on the mass affluent market and to
continue to improve productivity. However, we cannot predict whether these
steps will succeed or have the desired effects.
Prior to 2001, we experienced net redemptions in our proprietary retail
investment products due in substantial part to turnover among experienced
Financial Advisors and our focus on the value style of investment management
in our equity mutual funds. The impact of these outflows was partially offset
by higher revenues resulting from market appreciation of remaining assets,
which has produced increases in assets under management. Over the last several
years, we began to diversify the focus of our investment products and we have
been building investment manager choice into most of our Retail Investments
products. This advised choice approach allows us to offer customers investment
alternatives advised by third parties in our products and asset management
styles that we might not otherwise offer. Our Retail Investments wrap-fee
assets increased to $19.6 billion at December 31, 2000, from $16.7 billion a
year earlier and $11.5 billion at December 31, 1998. We believe these
increases reflect increased marketplace emphasis on products that provide
customers a broader choice of investments. At September 30, 2001, wrap-fee
assets amounted to $16.1 billion, reflecting market value declines during the
first nine months of 2001. We believe the continuing turnover among domestic
Financial Advisors is due in part to the lack of a stock-based compensation
program. In 1999 this turnover increased due in part to greater industry
competition for productive Financial Advisors. We have taken actions to
stabilize the Financial Advisor force, including implementing a newly designed
equity-market-linked, voluntary long-term deferred compensation plan effective
January 1, 2000, and expect that turnover rates will improve over time as
participation in this plan increases, although there can be no assurance of
this.
99
We have taken actions to reduce the operating cost structures and overhead
levels of the businesses of the U.S. Consumer division. In the Individual Life
Insurance segment, a program to restructure our field management and agency
structure resulted in a reduction in the number of sales territories,
establishing a smaller number of larger field offices, and eliminated
approximately 1,700 management and non-agent positions. In the Private Client
Group segment, we have taken actions in 2001 to reduce staffing levels,
occupancy costs, and other overhead costs. We have also taken actions in the
Property and Casualty Insurance segment to reduce staffing levels and overhead
costs. While there can be no assurance that our anticipated cost reductions
will be fully achieved, we believe that these initiatives will reduce
operating expenses, excluding certain non-interest expenses in the Private
Client Group, below 2000 levels by more than $300 million on an annual basis
in 2002, and that reduced expenses resulting from these initiatives will
benefit results thereafter. We expect that about $150 million of the reduction
in operating expenses will benefit adjusted operating income of the U.S.
Consumer division in 2001 as compared to 2000, including approximately $100
million that is reflected in results of the first nine months, primarily in
the Individual Life Insurance segment. We believe that the remainder of the
anticipated reduction in operating expenses will benefit adjusted operating
income of the U.S. Consumer division in 2002 as compared to 2001. Expenses
incurred to achieve these reductions were about $60 million in the first nine
months of 2001 and are expected to amount to a further $110 million in the
remainder of 2001 and, with respect to a minor amount, early 2002.
Most of our variable life insurance, variable annuity and wrap-fee products
include investment alternatives that are managed by third parties. The
Individual Life Insurance and Retail Investments segments pay investment
management fees to the third-party managers for the funds invested through
these non-proprietary options. We also sponsor a limited number of mutual
funds that have third-party advisors. Because of these arrangements, our
assets under management and administration that are invested through non-
proprietary options and our proprietary funds that are managed by third
parties may offer lower profitability than the assets we manage directly.
Division Results
The following table and discussion present the U.S. Consumer division's
results based on our definition of adjusted operating income, which is a non-
GAAP measure, as well as income from continuing operations before income
taxes, which is prepared in accordance with GAAP. As shown below, adjusted
operating income excludes realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges. The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall
results of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a
substitute for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with
GAAP, and you should note that our definition of adjusted operating income may
differ from that used by other companies. However, we believe that the
presentation of adjusted operating income as we measure it for management
purposes enhances the understanding of our results of operations by
highlighting the results from ongoing operations and the underlying
profitability factors of our businesses. We exclude realized investment gains,
net of losses and related charges, from adjusted operating income because the
timing of transactions resulting in recognition of gains or losses is largely
at our discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is heavily
influenced by and fluctuates in part according to the availability of market
opportunities. Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions could
distort trends in the underlying profitability of our businesses.
Nine Months
Ended Year Ended December
September 30, 31,
-------------- ---------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(in millions)
Division operating results:
Revenues(1)............................ $5,658 $6,039 $8,015 $7,530 $7,335
Benefits and expenses(2)............... 5,335 5,237 7,275 6,863 6,483
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Adjusted operating income.............. $ 323 $ 802 $ 740 $ 667 $ 852
====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Adjusted operating income by segment:
Individual Life Insurance.............. $ 242 $ 145 $ 114 $ 117 $ 178
Private Client Group................... (160) 278 237 224 114
Retail Investments..................... 143 214 239 174 249
Property and Casualty Insurance........ 98 165 150 152 311
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total................................ 323 802 740 667 852
Items excluded from adjusted operating
income:
Realized investment gains, net of losses
and related charges:
Realized investment gains (losses),
net................................... (61) (4) 2 (9) 131
Related charges(3)..................... (1) 4 2 1 (3)
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total realized investment gains, net
of losses and related charges....... (62) -- 4 (8) 128
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income from continuing operations before
income taxes........................... $ 261 $ 802 $ 744 $ 659 $ 980
====== ====== ====== ====== ======
-------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on deferred acquisition cost amortization and reserves.
(3) Related charges consist of the following:
100
Nine Months
Ended
September Year Ended
30, December 31,
------------ -----------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
----- ----- ---- ----- -----
(in millions)
Reserves for future policy benefits............ $ (1) $ -- $ (4) $ -- $ --
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition
costs......................................... -- 4 6 1 (3)
----- ----- ---- ----- -----
Total......................................... $ (1) $ 4 $ 2 $ 1 $ (3)
===== ===== ==== ===== =====
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our U.S.
Consumer Division decreased $479 million, or 60%, in the first nine months of
2001 from the first nine months of 2000. The decline resulted primarily from a
decrease in adjusted operating income in our Private Client Group segment.
Income from continuing operations before income taxes decreased $541 million,
or 67%, primarily as a result of the decrease in adjusted operating income.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our U.S.
Consumer division increased $73 million, or 11%, in 2000 from 1999. The
increase came primarily from an increase in adjusted operating income from our
Retail Investments segment. Income from continuing operations before income
taxes increased $85 million, or 13%, primarily as a result of the increase in
adjusted operating income.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our U.S.
Consumer division decreased $185 million, or 22%, in 1999 from 1998. The
decline resulted primarily from decreases in adjusted operating income in our
Property and Casualty Insurance, Retail Investments and Individual Life
Insurance segments, partially offset by increased adjusted operating income
from our Private Client Group segment. Income from continuing operations
before income taxes decreased $321 million, or 33%, from 1998 to 1999. This
decline resulted from the $185 million decrease in adjusted operating income
and a $136 million decrease in realized investment gains, net of losses and
related charges. For a discussion of realized investment gains and losses and
charges related to realized investment gains and losses, see "--Consolidated
Results of Operations--Realized Investment Gains".
Individual Life Insurance
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Individual Life Insurance segment's
operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $1,394 $1,362 $ 1,855 $ 1,723 $ 1,674
Benefits and expenses................... 1,152 1,217 1,741 1,606 1,496
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 242 $ 145 $ 114 $ 117 $ 178
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $97
million, or 67%, in the first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months
of 2000. The increase came primarily from a $148 million decrease in operating
expenses. The decrease in operating expenses came primarily from savings that
we have begun to realize from our field management and agency restructuring
program as described above and lower program implementation costs. We incurred
implementation costs for this program of $12 million in the first nine months
of 2001 and $59 million in the first nine months of 2000, and we expect to
incur additional costs of approximately $90 million for related and additional
initiatives during the balance of 2001. Amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs increased $43 million, and we recorded net losses of $32
million from insurance claims arising from the September 11, 2001 terrorist
attacks on the United States.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income was essentially
unchanged in 2000 from 1999. Growth in our base of term products in force
resulted in an increase in premium revenues, and investment
101
income increased due to the larger base of general account assets and an
increased investment yield. However, these increases were essentially offset
by a one-time increase in reserves related to a portion of our variable life
insurance business in force.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income for 1999 decreased
$61 million, or 34%, primarily from a $104 million increase in operating
expenses. The increase in operating expenses resulted primarily from costs of
a field management and agency restructuring program described below.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", were relatively unchanged in the first nine
months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000.
Premiums increased $54 million, or 27%, from $200 million in the first nine
months of 2000 to $254 million in the first nine months of 2001, due to
increased premiums on term insurance we issued, under policy provisions, to
customers who previously had lapsing variable life insurance with us.
Policy charges and fees amounted to $755 million in the first nine months of
2001, essentially unchanged from the first nine months of 2000.
Net investment income was $291 million in the first nine months of 2001,
essentially unchanged from the first nine months of 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $132 million, or 8%, in
2000 from 1999. The increase came primarily from a $58 million increase in net
investment income and a $36 million increase in premiums.
Premiums increased $36 million, or 13%, from $269 million in 1999 to $305
million in 2000. The increase came primarily from an increase in renewal
premiums for our term products, reflecting the increased base of business in
force.
Policy charges and fees amounted to $1.023 billion for 2000, relatively
unchanged from $1.030 billion in 1999.
Net investment income increased $58 million, or 18%, from $316 million in
1999 to $374 million in 2000. The increase resulted from an increase in the
base of general account invested assets and a slight increase in investment
yield.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues were relatively unchanged from 1998
to 1999. Premiums increased $41 million, or 18%, from $228 million in 1998 to
$269 million in 1999. The increase was primarily due to an increase in
premiums for our term products.
Policy charges and fee income decreased $26 million, or 2%, from $1.056
billion in 1998 to $1.030 billion in 1999, reflecting the impact of policy
rescissions arising from the implementation of the alternative dispute
resolution process required under our principal sales practices class action
settlement.
Net investment income increased $16 million, or 5%, from $300 million in
1998 to $316 million in 1999. The increase resulted from an increase in the
base of general account invested assets, as investment yields were relatively
unchanged.
Benefits and Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", decreased $65 million, or 5%, in the
first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. A decrease of
$148 million in operating expenses, including distribution costs that we
charge to expense, was partially offset by a $43 million increase in
amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and a $37 million increase
in policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves.
Operating expenses decreased $148 million, from $524 million in the first
nine months of 2000 to $376 million in the first nine months of 2001,
primarily as a result of savings we began to realize from our program to
restructure our field management and agency structure as described above and
lower program implementation costs. We incurred implementation costs for this
program of $12 million in the first nine months of 2001 and $59 million in the
first nine months of 2000, and we expect to incur additional costs of
approximately $90 million
102
for related and additional initiatives during the remainder of 2001. While
there can be no assurance, based on our evaluation of results through the
first nine months of 2001 we believe that these initiatives will reduce
operating expenses below 2000 levels by approximately $120 million on an
annual basis in 2002, and that reduced expenses resulting from these
initiatives will benefit results thereafter. In addition, we expect these
initiatives to eliminate approximately $50 million of costs that would have
been capitalized.
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased $43 million,
from $134 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $177 million in the
first nine months of 2001, primarily due to declines in market values of the
underlying assets on which our fees are based.
Policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves increased $37 million,
from $452 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $489 million in the
first nine months of 2001, primarily as a result of insurance claims arising
from the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and term
insurance we issued under policy provisions to customers who previously had
lapsing variable life insurance with us.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $135
million, or 8%, in 2000 from 1999. The increase came primarily from an
increase in policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves of $131
million, from $519 million in 1999 to $650 million in 2000, as a result of
growth in the base of term insurance in force and aging of policies in force
as well as the reserve increase related to a portion of our variable life
insurance business as noted above amounting to $23 million. Operating
expenses, including distribution costs that we charge to expense, were
essentially unchanged in 2000 from 1999.
Operating expenses included severance, termination benefits, facilities
closure and other costs that we incurred largely in connection with the
implementation of the program to restructure our field management and agency
structure described above. The expenses related to this program amounted to
$107 million in 2000 and $116 million in 1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $110
million, or 7%, in 1999 from 1998. Operating expenses increased $104 million,
or 16%, from $660 million in 1998 to $764 million in 1999, primarily as a
result of charges reflected in 1999 operating expenses in connection with the
implementation of the program described above. The cost of implementing this
program was $21 million in 1998 and $116 million in 1999.
Sales Results
The following table sets forth the Individual Life Insurance segment's
sales, as measured by statutory first year premiums and deposits for the
periods indicated. These amounts do not correspond to revenues under GAAP. In
managing our individual life insurance business, we analyze statutory first
year premiums and deposits as well as revenues because statutory first year
premiums and deposits measure the current sales performance of the business
unit, while revenues reflect, predominantly in our case, the renewal
persistency and aging of in force policies written in prior years and net
investment income, as well as current sales.
Nine
Months
Ended
September
30, Year Ended December 31,
--------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
---- ---- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Sales(1):
Variable life(2)............................. $356 $221 $328 $ 301 $ 313
Term life.................................... 32 42 59 74 88
---- ---- ------- ------- -------
Total...................................... $388 $263 $387 $ 375 $ 401
==== ==== ======= ======= =======
Sales by distribution channel(1):
Prudential Agents............................ $167 $191 $ 259 $ 287 $ 327
Third-party and other distributors........... 221 72 128 88 74
---- ---- ------- ------- -------
Total...................................... $388 $263 $ 387 $ 375 $ 401
==== ==== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Statutory first year premiums and deposits.
(2) Includes universal life insurance products.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Sales of new life insurance, as measured
by statutory first year premiums, increased $125 million, or 48%, in the first
nine months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. The increase came from
a $169 million increase in the segment's sales of corporate-owned life
insurance
103
products, substantially all of which is sold by the PruSelect third-party
distribution channel. Inclusive of these corporate-owned life insurance sales,
which totaled $182 million for the first nine months of 2001 including a
single $100 million sale, PruSelect accounted for 57% of the Individual Life
Insurance segment's sales in the first nine months of 2001, compared to 27% in
the first nine months of 2000. Sales by the PruSelect channel, other than
corporate-owned life insurance, decreased $20 million, or 34%, in the first
nine months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. We have begun to offer
new products intended to expand the focus of PruSelect, which has historically
served intermediaries who provide insurance solutions in support of estate and
wealth transfer planning for affluent individuals and corporate-owned life
insurance for businesses, toward the mass affluent market. We believe the
first nine months 2001 sales results for the PruSelect channel for products
other than corporate-owned life insurance reflects both a reduced level of
market demand for individual variable life insurance products during the first
nine months of 2001 and our transition to the new focus.
The increase in sales through PruSelect was partially offset by a decline in
sales from Prudential Agents. The number of Prudential Agents declined to
approximately 4,900 at September 30, 2001, from 6,100 at December 31, 2000 and
7,400 at September 30, 2000, as we continued to take actions to increase the
productivity standards required to continue agency contracts. We expect that
the consideration of these standards in connection with agent contract
renewals will further reduce the number of Prudential Agents by the end of
2001. Prudential Agent annualized productivity decreased to $29,480 in the
first nine months of 2001 from $30,320 in the first nine months of 2000,
primarily due to lower sales of products other than life insurance. We measure
Prudential Agent productivity as commissions on new sales of all products, not
only life insurance, by Prudential Agents with us for the entire period,
divided by the number of those Prudential Agents.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Sales of new life insurance, as measured by
statutory first year premiums, increased $12 million, or 3%, in 2000 from
1999. The increase came from greater unscheduled premiums on variable life
insurance products in 2000 and reflected a higher level of third-party sales
through our PruSelect third-party distribution channel, which grew by $40
million, or 45%, in 2000 from 1999. PruSelect accounted for 33% of the
Individual Life Insurance segment's sales in 2000, compared to 23% of its
sales in 1999. The increase in sales through PruSelect was partially offset by
a decline in sales from Prudential Agents. We continued to take actions to
improve Prudential Agent productivity. The number of Prudential Agents
declined to approximately 6,100 at December 31, 2000 compared to approximately
7,800 one year earlier. However, Prudential Agent productivity increased 11%,
from $31,300 for 1999 to $34,700 in 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Sales of new life insurance decreased $26
million, or 6%, in 1999 from 1998. As part of the program to restructure our
field management and agency structure as described above, we restructured our
retail distribution channel during the first half of 1999, which adversely
affected new sales by Prudential Agents. In addition, we continued to take
actions intended to improve Prudential Agent productivity, including
increasing the minimum production level required for continuation of agents'
employment contracts. Reflecting these actions and continued attrition
generally among Prudential Agents, particularly those with lower levels of
sales production, the number of Prudential Agents continued to decline in
1999, from approximately 8,900 at December 31, 1998 to approximately 7,800 at
December 31, 1999. However, while the number of Prudential Agents continued to
decline, Prudential Agent productivity, measured as described above, increased
12%, from $28,000 in 1998 to $31,300 in 1999. Partially offsetting the decline
in sales from Prudential Agents was a higher level of third-party sales
through our PruSelect alternative sales channels, which grew by $14 million,
or 19%, from 1998 to 1999. PruSelect accounted for 23% of Individual Life's
sales in 1999, compared to 18% in 1998.
Policy Surrender Experience
The following table sets forth the Individual Life Insurance segment's
policy surrender experience for variable life insurance, measured by cash
value of surrenders, for the periods indicated. These amounts do not
correspond to expenses under GAAP. In managing this business, we analyze the
cash value of surrenders because it is a measure of the degree to which
policyholders are maintaining their in force business with us, a driver of
future profitability. Our term life insurance products do not provide for cash
surrender values.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Cash value of surrenders............ $461 $497 $ 641 $ 597 $ 554
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Cash value of surrenders as a
percentage of mean future policy
benefit reserves, policyholders'
account balances, and separate
account balances................... 3.7% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.8%
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
104
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders
decreased $36 million, or 7%, in the first nine months of 2001 from the first
nine months of 2000. The level of surrenders as a percentage of mean future
policy benefit reserves and policyholders' account balances decreased
slightly, reflecting the lower volume in the current year.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders increased
$44 million, or 7%, in 2000 from 1999. The level of surrenders as a percentage
of mean future policy benefits, policyholders' account balances and separate
account balances remained constant from 1999 to 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders increased
$43 million, or 8%, in 1999 from 1998. The levels of surrenders as a
percentage of mean future policy benefit reserves, policyholders' account
balances and separate account balances remained relatively constant from 1998
to 1999.
Private Client Group
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Private Client Group segment's operating
results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months Ended Year Ended December
September 30, 31,
------------------ --------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- ------ ------ ------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Non-interest revenues................. $ 1,441 $1,863 $2,390 $2,240 $2,062
Net interest revenues................. 189 232 299 269 255
-------- -------- ------ ------ ------
Total revenues, net of interest
expense............................ 1,630 2,095 2,689 2,509 2,317
Total non-interest expenses........... 1,790 1,817 2,452 2,285 2,203
-------- -------- ------ ------ ------
Adjusted operating income............. $ (160) $ 278 $ 237 $ 224 $ 114
======== ======== ====== ====== ======
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. The Private Client Group segment
reported a pre-tax loss of $160 million, on an adjusted operating income
basis, for the first nine months of 2001 compared to adjusted operating income
of $278 million for the first nine months of 2000. The $438 million decline
came primarily from a $389 million decrease from our domestic securities
brokerage operations, which reported a loss of $164 million for the first nine
months of 2001 compared to adjusted operating income of $225 million in the
first nine months of 2000. These operations were adversely affected in the
first nine months of 2001 by a decline in individual investor transaction
volume and margin loan balances, which resulted in decreased commission and
net interest revenues. These revenue declines were coupled with increased
costs of recruiting and retaining Financial Advisors, including increased
expenses relating to recruiting and retention incentives extended to some
recently recruited experienced Financial Advisors. The remaining $49 million
decrease in the segment's adjusted operating income came from our consumer
banking operations, which benefited in the first nine months of 2000 from the
sale of a major portion of the consumer bank's credit card receivables. The
Private Client Group segment had a loss of $56 million, on an adjusted
operating income basis, for the third quarter of 2001.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $13
million, or 6%, from 1999 to 2000. Adjusted operating income from our consumer
banking operations increased $27 million, primarily as a result of the sale of
a major portion of the consumer bank's credit card receivables in 2000.
Adjusted operating income from our domestic securities brokerage operations
decreased $14 million, from $204 million in 1999 to $190 million in 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $110
million, or 96%, from 1998 to 1999. Adjusted operating income from our
domestic securities brokerage operations increased $64 million, from $140
million in 1998 to $204 million in 1999. The increase came primarily from
higher commission revenues, reflecting increased transaction volume, greater
asset management and service fees on wrap assets under management and higher
net interest income reflecting higher margin lending balances as the business
benefited from the active over-the-counter equity markets. The remaining $46
million of the increase in adjusted operating income came from our consumer
banking operations, which had a loss of $26 million in 1998 and adjusted
operating income of $20 million in 1999. The 1998 loss resulted from reserve
increases relating to a loss-sharing agreement entered into in connection with
the 1997 sale of the bank's broad market credit card portfolio. In 1999, the
loss sharing agreement expired, at which time we released remaining reserves
of $18 million.
105
Revenues
The following table sets forth the Private Client Group segment's revenues,
as shown in the table above under "--Operating Results", by source for the
periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
--------------- --------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------ ------ ------
(in millions)
Commissions................................ $ 1,014 $ 1,404 $1,789 $1,751 $1,659
Fees....................................... 330 340 464 327 256
Other...................................... 97 119 137 162 147
------- ------- ------ ------ ------
Total non-interest revenues............... 1,441 1,863 2,390 2,240 2,062
Net interest revenues...................... 189 232 299 269 255
------- ------- ------ ------ ------
Total revenues, net of interest expense... $ 1,630 $2,095 $2,689 $2,509 $2,317
======= ======= ====== ====== ======
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Total revenues, net of interest expense,
as shown in the table above under "--Operating Results", decreased $465
million, or 22%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001. The decrease came primarily from a $412 million decline in revenues
from our domestic securities brokerage operations, from $2.012 billion in the
first nine months of 2000 to $1.600 billion in the first nine months of 2001.
Commission revenues decreased $390 million, or 28%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The decrease came primarily
from a $313 million decline in commissions from over-the-counter equity and
listed securities transactions. Commission revenues were negatively affected
in the first nine months of 2001 by less active securities markets and reduced
retail transaction volume, and benefited in the first nine months of 2000 from
exceptionally active over-the-counter equity markets and related retail
transaction volume in the first four months of the year. Commission revenues
accounted for 70% of total segment non-interest revenues for the first nine
months of 2001. Accordingly, we expect that a continuation of the level of
securities market activity experienced in the first nine months of 2001, or a
further downtrend in this activity, would continue to have a negative impact
on our revenues and on the segment's adjusted operating income, partially
offset by planned expense reductions.
Fee revenues, comprised of asset management and portfolio service fees,
decreased slightly from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001, as the negative impact of market value declines on wrap-fee assets
under management essentially offset the impact of new assets gathered in wrap-
fee accounts.
Other revenues decreased $22 million, or 18%, from the first nine months of
2000 to the first nine months of 2001, primarily due to the sale of a major
portion of the consumer bank's credit card receivables in the first nine
months of 2000.
Net interest revenues decreased $43 million, or 19%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, primarily as a result of a
decrease in average customer margin lending balances of our domestic
securities brokerage operations, related to the reduced level of individual
investor activity. Average customer margin lending balances were $4.59 billion
in the first nine months of 2001 compared to $6.64 billion in the first nine
months of 2000. Increased investment income on greater attributed capital
partially offset the impact of lower average customer margin lending balances.
The number of domestic retail Financial Advisors was 5,569 at September 30,
2001, a decrease of 6% from 5,906 at December 31, 2000. In response to
recruiting efforts by our competitors, we introduced an aggressive recruiting
effort targeting experienced Financial Advisors, including recruiting and
retention incentives, and, as discussed above, an equity-market-linked
voluntary long-term deferred compensation plan to seek to enhance our
Financial Advisor recruitment and retention efforts.
Assets under management and client assets decreased $34 billion to $238
billion at September 30, 2001 from $272 billion at December 31, 2000,
primarily as a result of overall market value declines.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Total revenues, net of interest expense,
increased $180 million, or 7%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase came primarily
from our domestic securities brokerage operations, which recorded an increase
of $177 million, or 7%, from $2.420 billion in 1999 to $2.597 billion in 2000.
106
Commission revenues increased slightly in 2000 from 1999, as increases of
$54 million from mutual funds and $13 million from equity securities
transactions were partially offset by a decline in commissions from fixed
income products and commodity transactions. While commission revenues from our
securities brokerage operations benefited from active over-the-counter equity
markets and increased transaction volume during the first four months of the
year, commission revenues declined slightly during the May through December
period of 2000 versus the same period of 1999, reflecting less active
securities markets and reduced transaction volume.
Fee revenues, comprised of asset management and portfolio service fees,
increased $137 million, or 42%, from 1999 to 2000. This increase resulted
primarily from a $4.7 billion increase in wrap-fee assets under management to
$26.4 billion at December 31, 2000 from $21.7 billion a year earlier.
Net interest revenues increased $30 million, or 11%, from 1999 to 2000.
Substantially all of the increase came from our domestic securities brokerage
operations, primarily from higher average customer margin lending balances,
which increased from $5.06 billion in 1999 to $6.54 billion in 2000. Partially
offsetting the increase in average customer margin lending balances was a
decrease in the spread earned on these balances, reflecting competitive
pressures on the rates charged to clients who buy securities on margin.
The number of domestic Financial Advisors was 5,906 at December 31, 2000, a
decrease of 3% from 6,072 a year earlier.
Assets under management and client assets decreased $16 billion to $272
billion at December 31, 2000 from $288 billion a year earlier, primarily as a
result of overall market value declines.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Total revenues, net of interest expense,
increased $192 million, or 8%, from 1998 to 1999. Substantially all of the
increase came from our domestic securities brokerage operations.
Commission revenues increased $92 million, or 6%, from 1998 to 1999. The
increase came from commissions from equity securities transactions, which
increased by $99 million, reflecting favorable over-the-counter equity markets
and increased transaction volume.
Fee revenues, comprised of asset management and portfolio service fees,
increased $71 million, or 28%, in 1999 from 1998. This increase resulted
primarily from an increase in wrap-fee assets under management to $21.7
billion at December 31, 1999 from $13.5 billion a year earlier, as well as
higher account service fees.
Net interest revenues increased $14 million, or 5%, from 1998 to 1999. The
increase was primarily a consequence of an increase in average customer margin
lending balances at the domestic securities brokerage operations from $4.07
billion in 1998 to $5.06 billion in 1999. Partially offsetting the increase in
average customer margin lending balances was a decrease in the spread earned
on customer margin lending balances, reflecting competitive pressures related
to the rate charged to clients who buy securities on margin. Net interest
revenues from the consumer banking operations decreased $15 million, primarily
from lower credit card finance charge income in 1999 compared to 1998.
Assets under management and client assets increased $35 billion, to $288
billion at December 31, 1999 from $253 billion a year earlier.
Non-Interest Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Total non-interest expenses, as shown in
the table above under "--Operating Results", were essentially unchanged from
the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Employee
compensation and benefits at our domestic securities brokerage operation
decreased due to the lower level of revenues and earnings in the first nine
months of 2001, but the decrease was not proportional to the revenue decline
largely due to the recruiting and retention incentives as described above as
well as $20 million in employee termination costs associated with staff
reductions in the first nine months of 2001. These incentives will continue to
be applicable and to adversely affect expense levels in future periods. The
decrease in employee compensation and benefits was further offset by $24
million of costs we incurred to consolidate and close several retail branch
locations during the first nine months of 2001.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Total non-interest expenses increased $167
million, or 7%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase came primarily from employee
compensation and benefits at our retail securities brokerage operations, which
increased by $108 million, or 8%, due to higher commissions paid to Financial
Advisors on higher fee and commission revenues, and higher incentive and other
compensation, as well as higher costs to recruit and retain Financial
Advisors. Additionally, other non-interest expenses at the domestic securities
107
brokerage operations increased $83 million, or 10%, primarily as a result of
higher operations and administrative support costs, higher equity research
costs, and increased investment in our branch office technology platform.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Total non-interest expenses increased $82
million, or 4%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase came primarily from employee
compensation and benefits at our retail securities brokerage operations, which
increased by $96 million, or 8%, due to higher commissions paid to Financial
Advisors on higher fee and commission revenues and higher incentive and other
compensation resulting from improved overall profitability of the operations.
Additionally, other non-interest expenses at the domestic securities brokerage
operations increased $32 million, or 4%, primarily as a result of increased
investment in our branch office technology platform. These increases were
partially offset by a decrease in non-interest expenses at the consumer
banking operations of $46 million as costs for servicing and maintaining the
credit card portfolio sold in 1998 were not recurring in 1999.
Retail Investments
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Retail Investments segment's operating
results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $1,115 $1,229 $ 1,631 $ 1,551 $ 1,532
Benefits and expenses(2)................ 972 1,015 1,392 1,377 1,283
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 143 $ 214 $ 239 $ 174 $ 249
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on deferred acquisition cost amortization and reserves.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $71
million, or 33%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001. Adjusted operating income for the first nine months of 2000 benefited
$21 million from refinements in our calculations of deferred policy
acquisition costs. Excluding this change, adjusted operating income decreased
$50 million, or 26%. Approximately $30 million of the $50 million decrease
came from our annuity business, primarily due to lower fee revenues. The
remainder of the decrease came primarily from our mutual funds and wrap-fee
products business, primarily due to lower asset-based distribution revenues as
well as a lower level of fee-producing redemptions.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased by $65
million, or 37%, from 1999 to 2000. Adjusted operating income for 2000
benefited $21 million from refinements in our calculations of deferred policy
acquisition costs. Excluding this change, adjusted operating income increased
$44 million, or 25%. Approximately $26 million of the $44 million increase
came from our annuity business. This increase was primarily due to greater fee
revenues from variable annuities, and resulted from an increase in average
account values. A decrease in administrative expenses, primarily the result of
expense management efforts, also contributed to the increase in adjusted
operating income.
The remainder of the increase in adjusted operating income came from our
mutual funds and wrap-fee products business. Asset-based and transaction-based
fees increased as a result of continued growth in our proprietary mutual fund
assets under management and expansion of our wrap-fee products.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income declined by $75
million, or 30%, in 1999 from 1998. Adjusted operating income in 1998
benefited $9 million from a change in reserves arising from refinements in our
calculations of GAAP annuity reserves. Excluding this change, adjusted
operating income declined by $66 million, or 28%, from $240 million in 1998 to
$174 million in 1999.
The $66 million decline in adjusted operating income came from a decline of
that amount in adjusted operating income from our annuity business, primarily
due to increased amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, as well as
other costs associated with an annuity exchange program we initiated in 1997
to help retain annuity business and increased renewal commissions related to
assets retained under this program. Reduced spread income from our fixed
annuities and the fixed rate option of our variable annuities, resulting
108
from net asset outflows, also contributed to this decline in adjusted
operating income. Greater fee revenues from variable annuities, resulting from
an increase in average account values, less the impact of related amortization
of previously deferred selling costs, partially offset this decline.
Adjusted operating income from our mutual funds and wrap-fee products
business was unchanged.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $114 million, or 9%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Fee-based revenue
decreased $69 million, from $785 million in the first nine months of 2000 to
$716 million in the first nine months of 2001. The decrease came primarily
from our mutual funds and wrap-fee products, reflecting lower asset-based
distribution revenues as well as a lower level of fee-producing redemptions,
and from our variable annuity products, reflecting a decline in the average
market value of customer accounts on which our fees are based. The remainder
of the decrease came primarily from lower investment income in the first nine
months of 2001 and a reduction in premiums we recognized on conversion of
deferred annuities by customers to income-paying status.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $80 million, or 5%, from
1999 to 2000. Fee-based revenues increased $74 million, from $1.007 billion in
1999 to $1.081 billion in 2000. The increase came primarily from our mutual
funds and wrap-fee products, as well as our variable annuity products,
reflecting growth in our average assets under management for these products.
In addition, premiums increased by $19 million as a result of increased
conversions of deferred annuities by our customers to income-paying status.
Net investment income declined $13 million, from $491 million in 1999 to $478
million in 2000, as a result of reductions in our base of fixed annuity
business due to withdrawals and scheduled benefit payments.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues remained relatively unchanged from
1998 to 1999. Fee-based revenues increased $101 million, from $906 million in
1998 to $1.007 billion in 1999. The increase came primarily from asset
management and service fees for our mutual funds and wrap-fee products, and
our variable annuity products, reflecting market appreciation in our assets
under management. Net investment income declined $76 million, from $567
million in 1998 to $491 million in 1999, primarily as a result of reductions
in our base of fixed annuity business due to withdrawals and scheduled benefit
payments as well as a decline in investment yield.
Benefits and Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", decreased $43 million, or 4%, from
the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Benefits and
expenses for the first nine months of 2000 includes a $21 million reduction in
amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs from the refinements noted
above. Excluding the impact of this change, benefits and expenses decreased
$64 million, or 6%. Commissions and other general expenses decreased $48
million, or 8%, from $570 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $522
million in the first nine months of 2001, primarily due to a decrease in
general and administrative expenses reflecting our expense management efforts
and lower sales of mutual funds for which we charge distribution costs to
expense immediately. Policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves
decreased $32 million, from $109 million in the first nine months of 2000 to
$77 million in the first nine months of 2001, primarily as a result of the
reduction in premiums noted above. During the first nine months of 2001, we
recorded $12 million of additional amortization of deferred acquisition costs,
primarily to reflect a decrease in expected future gross profits on our
annuity products due to declines in market values of the underlying assets on
which our fees are based.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses remained relatively
unchanged from 1999 to 2000. Benefits and expenses for 2000 includes a $21
million reduction in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs from
the refinements noted above. Excluding the impact of this change, benefits and
expenses increased $36 million, or 3%. Changes in reserves, net of benefit
payments, increased $34 million, from $118 million in 1999 to $152 million in
2000, as a result of customers converting deferred annuities to income-paying
status and a $12 million charge to increase annuity reserves due to investment
portfolio restructuring to reduce the emphasis on equity investments. During
2000, we recorded $20 million of additional amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs, to reflect a decrease in expected future gross profits on
our annuity products primarily due to declines in market values of the
underlying assets on which our fees are based. However, this increased charge
was essentially offset by reduced amortization resulting from our termination,
in the second quarter of
109
2000, of the annuity exchange program we commenced in 1997. Other general
expenses were flat in 2000 from 1999, as a decrease in administrative expenses
reflecting our expense management efforts was largely offset by a $30 million
increase in sub-advisory expense resulting from growth in assets under
management of our mutual funds and wrap-fee products and our variable annuity
products.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $94 million,
or 7%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase includes a $9 million benefit in 1998
from refinements in our annuity reserve calculations, as noted above.
Excluding the impact of this change, the increase in benefits and expenses was
$85 million, or 7%. Commissions and other expenses increased $124 million, or
14%, from $864 million in 1998 to $988 million in 1999. The increase came
primarily from costs for development of third-party distribution, increased
mutual fund service and sub-advisory fees associated with the growth of assets
under management, a $50 million increase in amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs reflecting lapse activity and exchange redemptions, and
increased commissions associated with a change in mutual fund commission
structure as well as the annuity exchange program discussed above. Interest
credited to policyholders' account balances declined $23 million, or 8%, from
$294 million in 1998 to $271 million in 1999, as a result of the reductions in
our base of fixed rate annuity business.
Sales Results and Assets Under Management
The following table sets forth the changes in the total mutual fund assets,
excluding wrap-fee products, and the balance of wrap-fee product assets and
annuities, at fair market value for mutual funds and account value for
annuities, and net sales of our Retail Investments mutual fund and annuity
products for the periods indicated. Net sales (redemptions) are gross sales
minus redemptions or surrenders and withdrawals, as applicable. Neither sales
nor net sales are revenues under GAAP; they are, however, relevant measures of
sales and business activity. Revenues are derived from fees and spread income
as discussed above.
Nine Months Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------------ -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Mutual Funds(1) and Wrap-fee
Products(2):
Mutual fund assets, excluding
wrap-fee products:
Beginning total mutual fund
assets....................... $ 57,764 $ 55,245 $55,245 $53,412 $46,715
Sales (other than money
market)...................... 4,337 4,113 5,378 3,773 3,829
Redemptions (other than money
market)...................... (3,415) (4,356) (5,561) (4,872) (3,478)
Reinvestment of distributions
and change in market value... (4,038) 2,052 726 3,744 1,271
Net money market sales........ 2,303 700 1,976 (812) 5,075
-------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Ending total mutual fund
assets..................... 56,951 57,754 57,764 55,245 53,412
Wrap-fee product assets at end
of period..................... 16,141 20,421 19,621 16,723 11,458
-------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total mutual fund and wrap-fee
product assets at end
of period..................... $ 73,092 $ 78,175 $77,385 $71,968 $64,870
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
Net mutual fund sales
(redemptions) other than money
market(3)..................... $ 922 $ (243) $ (183) $(1,099) $ 351
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
Variable Annuities(1):
Beginning total account value.. $ 21,059 $ 22,614 $22,614 $19,919 $17,608
Sales, excluding exchanges..... 941 1,426 1,809 2,025 2,276
Exchanges sales................ -- 476 481 1,402 988
Surrenders, withdrawals and
exchange redemptions.......... (1,808) (2,389) (2,989) (3,432) (2,528)
Change in market value,
interest credited and
other activity(4)............. (3,002) 102 (856) 2,700 1,575
-------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Ending total account value.. $ 17,190 $ 22,229 $21,059 $22,614 $19,919
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
Net sales (redemptions)........ $ (867) $ (487) $ (699) $ (5) $ 736
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
Fixed Annuities:
Beginning total account value.. $ 2,926 $ 3,020 $ 3,020 $ 3,249 $ 3,723
Sales.......................... 89 191 221 160 56
Surrenders, withdrawals and
exchange redemptions.......... (172) (300) (361) (425) (575)
Interest credited and other
activity(4)................... 22 31 46 36 45
-------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Ending total account value.. $ 2,865 $ 2,942 $ 2,926 $ 3,020 $ 3,249
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
Net sales (redemptions)........ $ (83) $ (109) $ (140) $ (265) $ (519)
======== ======== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Mutual funds and variable annuities include only those sold as retail
investment products. Investments through defined contribution plan
products are included with such products.
(2) Wrap-fee product assets include proprietary assets of $2.9 billion at
September 30, 2001, $3.7 billion at September 30, 2000, $3.4 billion at
December 31, 2000, $3.5 billion at December 31, 1999, and $3.1 billion at
December 31, 1998.
(3) Excludes wrap-fee products.
(4) Includes maintenance and insurance charges assessed, net bonus payments
credited to contract holder accounts, annuity benefits and other
adjustments.
110
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Mutual fund and wrap-fee product assets
under management amounted to $73.1 billion at September 30, 2001, a decrease
of $4.3 billion, or 6%, from December 31, 2000. Mutual fund assets under
management at September 30, 2001 amounted to $57.0 billion, a slight decrease
from December 31, 2000. Wrap-fee assets declined $3.5 billion, from $19.6
billion at December 31, 2000 to $16.1 billion at September 30, 2001.
The decrease in mutual fund assets under management during the first nine
months of 2001 came from declines in market values of existing customer
accounts, which more than offset our $2.3 billion net money market sales and
net mutual fund sales, other than money market funds, of $922 million. Net
money market sales increased $1.6 billion from the first nine months of 2000
to the first nine months of 2001, which we believe reflects customer response
to the unfavorable performance of the equity securities markets subsequent to
the early part of 2000. The $1.2 billion increase in net mutual fund sales
other than money market funds reflected increased gross sales that came
primarily from third-party distribution of our mutual funds resulting from our
participation in competitors' products and distribution and a lower level of
redemptions than that of the first nine months of 2000.
The decrease in wrap-fee assets during the first nine months of 2001 came
primarily from declines in the market values of customers' accounts. Net sales
of wrap-fee products, which are distributed primarily by our Financial
Advisors, decreased to $1.2 billion in the first nine months of 2001 from $3.6
billion in the first nine months of 2000 as a result of lower gross sales and
increased redemptions. We believe that this experience reflects the continued
attrition of Financial Advisors as well as customer response to recent
securities market conditions.
Total account values for fixed and variable annuities amounted to $20.1
billion as of September 30, 2001, a decrease of $3.9 billion from December 31,
2000. This decrease resulted primarily from declines in market value of
customers' variable annuities as well as net redemptions, which increased from
$596 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $950 million in the first
nine months of 2001. The increase in net redemptions in the first nine months
of 2001 came primarily from lower sales, which we believe reflects customer
response to recent securities market conditions as well as the decreased
number of Prudential Agents. Furthermore, fixed annuity sales in the first
nine months of 2000 benefited from a promotional campaign we offered.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Mutual funds and wrap-fee product assets
under management amounted to $77.4 billion at December 31, 2000, an increase
of $5.4 billion, or 8%, from December 31, 1999. Mutual fund assets under
management at December 31, 2000 amounted to $57.8 billion, an increase of $2.5
billion, or 5%, from December 31, 1999. Excluding money market funds, net
mutual fund redemptions for 2000 were $183 million, which included $359
million of gross sales from our purchases of stock index shares for a long-
term deferred compensation program for our own Financial Advisors. Gross sales
increased $1.2 billion, or 33%, from 1999 to 2000 excluding the latter
purchases of stock index shares, which was partially offset by an increase of
$689 million, or 14%, in redemptions. Redemptions, other than money market
funds, increased $689 million, from $4.9 billion in 1999 to $5.6 billion in
2000. The increase in gross sales was a result of strong sales of growth-
oriented mutual funds, primarily products managed by our Jennison unit. Net
money market sales increased by $2.8 billion for 2000 compared to 1999,
reflecting customer response to volatile securities market conditions during
2000.
Wrap-fee assets increased $2.9 billion, or 17%, from $16.7 billion at
December 31, 1999 to $19.6 billion at December 31, 2000. The increase came
from net sales during 2000 of $4.8 billion of wrap-fee products, in which we
offer customers a choice of proprietary and non-proprietary mutual funds as
well as managed accounts, which was partially offset by declines in market
values. We believe these net sales reflect increased marketplace emphasis on
products that provide customers with a broader choice of investment options.
Total account values for fixed and variable annuities amounted to $24.0
billion at December 31, 2000, a decrease of $1.6 billion, or 6%, from December
31, 1999. The decrease resulted from market value declines and greater net
redemptions. Net redemptions of variable annuities were $699 million for 2000,
an increase of $694 million compared to 1999. This increase resulted from an
increase in surrenders, other than those related to exchange activity,
consistent with maturation of the business, as a larger percentage of the
business is no longer subject to surrender charges.
Our withdrawals of variable and fixed annuities include exchanges of $481
million in 2000 and $1.4 billion in 1999. The discontinuance, during the
second quarter of 2000, of the annuity exchange program referred to below did
not appear to have a material impact on net variable annuity redemptions
during that period or thereafter.
111
Fixed annuity net redemptions of $140 million in 2000 were $125 million, or
47%, lower than the comparable net outflows for 1999. The decrease in net
redemptions was attributable to an increase in new sales of our Discovery
Classic annuity product.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Mutual fund and wrap-fee product assets
under management increased $7.1 billion, or 11%, from December 31, 1998,
primarily as a result of an increase in assets invested in wrap-fee products.
Mutual fund assets under management increased $1.8 billion, or 3%, from
December 31, 1998. The increase came from market appreciation and amounts
reinvested, as we experienced net mutual fund redemptions of $1.9 billion,
including net money market fund redemptions of $812 million, for 1999.
Redemptions, other than money market funds, increased $1.4 billion from $3.5
billion in 1998 to $4.9 billion in 1999. Wrap-fee product assets increased
$5.3 billion, or 46%, from $11.5 billion at December 31, 1998 to $16.7 billion
at December 31, 1999, as a result of net sales of our wrap-fee products, as
well as market appreciation.
Our domestic Financial Advisors are the principal distribution channel for
our retail mutual funds. In 1999 and 2000, we continued to experience turnover
of our domestic Financial Advisors, including experienced Financial Advisors.
In addition to the impact of this turnover, we believe that our historic focus
on the value style of investment in our equity mutual funds, as well as the
unfavorable performance of fixed income mutual funds, have adversely affected
our sales of mutual funds and our growth and retention of assets under
management in these products.
Total account values for variable and fixed annuities increased $2.5
billion, or 11%, from December 31, 1998. The increase came from market
appreciation and interest credited on our variable annuity products, as we
experienced net outflows of $270 million in 1999. This resulted primarily from
an increase in redemptions consistent with the maturation of the business
because a larger percentage of the business is no longer subject to surrender
charges. We also experienced a decline in sales of annuities, which were
affected by the lower number of Prudential Agents in 1999, our primary
distribution channel for annuities.
We experienced net outflows of $5 million for variable annuities during
1999, versus net sales of $736 million for 1998 consistent with the increase
in surrenders and withdrawals noted above. In an effort to increase our
retention of annuity business, we commenced a program in 1997 to offer clients
who had either fixed or variable annuities with us for which the surrender
period had ended or was close to ending, the option to exchange their current
contract for a Discovery Select variable annuity. Our withdrawals of variable
and fixed annuities include exchanges of $1.4 billion in 1999 and $1.0 billion
in 1998.
We experienced net outflows in our fixed annuities of $265 million in 1999
and $519 million in 1998, continuing a trend of the past several years, which
reflects the exchange program as well as the low interest rate environment and
the desire of investors to move to equity investments with perceived higher
returns. However, surrenders, withdrawals and exchanges for 1999 decreased to
$425 million, from $575 million for 1998.
Property and Casualty Insurance
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Property and Casualty Insurance segment's
operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $1,519 $1,353 $ 1,840 $ 1,747 $ 1,812
Benefits and expenses................... 1,421 1,188 1,690 1,595 1,501
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 98 $ 165 $ 150 $ 152 $ 311
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $67
million, or 41%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001. Results for the first nine months of 2001 reflected a $63 million
lower benefit from prior accident-year development, but benefited from $31
million greater
112
recoveries from current accident year stop-loss reinsurance contracts, in
comparison to the first nine months of 2000. The remainder of the decrease in
adjusted operating income came primarily from a decline in investment income.
We released reserves of $67 million in the first nine months of 2001 and
$130 million in the first nine months of 2000 because our automobile casualty
claims experience for prior years was more favorable than we previously
estimated in establishing reserves for these accident years. We recovered $80
million in the first nine months of 2001 and $49 million in the first nine
months of 2000 under stop-loss reinsurance contracts, which are based on
current accident-year results. In the third quarter of 2001, the Property and
Casualty Insurance segment reported adjusted operating income of $5 million.
In the fourth quarter of 2000, we benefited from additional stop-loss
reinsurance recoveries of $31 million and from reserves released related to
prior accident-year development of $35 million. However, we do not anticipate
a comparable benefit to adjusted operating income from stop-loss recoveries or
reserve releases during the fourth quarter of 2001. Consequently, if the
accident-year experience of the first nine months of 2001 continues, we would
anticipate a continuing decline in results in the fourth quarter.
In May 2000, we completed the acquisition of the specialty automobile
business of the St. Paul Companies, which writes in the non-standard
automobile insurance business. While, as discussed under "--Revenues" below,
this acquisition had an effect on the comparison of revenues for the first
nine months of 2001 to the first nine months of 2000, it did not have a
material impact on adjusted operating income.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income was essentially
unchanged from 1999 to 2000. Results in 2000 reflect an $80 million recovery
from a stop-loss reinsurance contract based on current accident-year results
during that year and a $15 million greater benefit from prior accident year
development. We released reserves of $165 million in 2000 and $150 million in
1999 because our automobile casualty claims experience for prior accident
years was more favorable than we previously estimated in establishing reserves
for these accident years. However, these favorable developments were largely
offset by a $93 million increase in operating expenses, other than expenses of
the specialty automobile business we acquired in 2000 as discussed below. The
increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in expenses to
expand our distribution capabilities in direct, affinity group, property and
casualty agent and independent agent channels, and a provision for refunds or
credits to certain New Jersey automobile policyholders under insurance
regulations based on profits generated from that business.
While, as discussed under "--Revenues" below, our acquisition in May 2000 of
a business which writes non-standard automobile insurance had an effect on the
comparison of revenues for 2000 to 1999, it did not have a material impact on
adjusted operating income.
Commencing in 1996, we made a number of improvements in our underwriting
practices and instituted several claims management initiatives, such as early
contact and settlement programs, reduced settlement authority for casualty
field adjusters, increased field training and stronger fraud detection
programs. We believe these developments, as well as industry factors such as
tort reforms and a stronger economy, favorably affected our loss experience
relative to the historical loss development patterns we used to establish
reserves in prior years. Nevertheless, while the factors discussed above have
led to the favorable reserve development for prior years, accident year
combined ratios as defined below did not improve from 1998 through 2000,
primarily due to increases in the overall expense ratio which reflected our
expenses to expand distribution channels and the impact of a prolonged period
of intense price competition.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $159
million, or 51%, from 1998 to 1999. Results in 1999 reflect favorable prior
accident year reserve development of $150 million, and our 1998 results
reflect similar favorable development of $245 million.
The decrease in adjusted operating income in 1999 resulted primarily from
the $95 million lower benefit from prior accident year reserve development
compared to 1998, a $64 million increase in operating expenses, which included
expenses to expand our distribution channels as mentioned above, a $26 million
reduction in investment income and the negative impact of greater claim
severity on our loss experience for 1999 that was partially offset by an
improvement in claim frequency. A $107 million reduction in our ceded premiums
for reinsurance, from $168 million in 1998 to $61 million in 1999, partially
offset the impact of those variances. Approximately $79 million of the
reduction in ceded premiums came from stop-loss reinsurance and supplemental
catastrophe covers, reflecting more favorable pricing in 1999 compared to
1998. The remainder of the reduction came primarily from the expiration of a
quota-share reinsurance agreement, a return of hurricane fund premium and
lower assessments from reinsurance pools.
113
Revenues
The following table sets forth the Property and Casualty Insurance segment's
earned premiums, which are net of reinsurance ceded, for the periods
indicated.
Nine Months
Ended September
30, Year Ended December 31,
--------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Automobile............................. $1,030 $ 863 $ 1,193 $ 1,069 $ 1,119
Homeowners............................. 334 316 413 447 431
Other.................................. 25 24 33 32 31
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total earned premiums................. $1,389 $1,203 $ 1,639 $ 1,548 $ 1,581
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", increased $166 million, or 12%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The $166 million
increase included an increase of $91 million in revenues from the subsidiary
we acquired in May 2000 that specializes in non-standard automobile business,
which is included in first nine months 2000 results only from the date of
acquisition. The remaining revenue increase of $75 million, from our existing
business, came primarily from a $99 million increase in earned premiums from
automobile and homeowners' insurance, partially offset by a $27 million
decline in investment income.
Total earned premiums, as shown in the immediately preceding table,
increased by $186 million, or 15%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the
first nine months of 2001. Excluding the impact of the acquisition mentioned
above, earned premiums increased by $99 million.
Automobile earned premiums increased by $167 million, or 19%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, including $87 million
from the non-standard automobile business mentioned above. The increase came
primarily from new distribution channels we implemented during 1999 and 2000,
including career agents focused on selling property and casualty insurance,
workplace and affinity marketing, direct distribution, and independent agents,
many of whom were producers for the acquired subsidiary. As discussed below
under "Benefits and Expenses", commencing in the second half of 2001 we have
suspended our mailing solicitations for the direct distribution channel and
limited the growth of new business from some of these other distribution
channels, based on our evaluation of the quality of the business. In October
2001, we announced that we would no longer write business through our property
and casualty insurance career agency channel except in a few selected markets.
Improved persistency in the first nine months of 2001 also contributed to the
growth in earned premiums.
Homeowners earned premiums increased $18 million, or 6%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001 due to lower reinsurance
premiums ceded, as the number of policies in force was relatively unchanged.
This stabilization of our policies in force represents an improvement compared
with declines in prior years, which reflects intense rate competition that
attracted customers to other companies.
Net investment income decreased by $21 million, or 15%, from $143 million in
the first nine months of 2000 to $122 million in the first nine months of
2001, and decreased by $27 million excluding the impact of the acquisition
mentioned above. This decrease was primarily a result of a lower average base
of invested assets, reflecting lower attributed capital, and a decline in
investment yield.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $93 million, or 5%, from
1999 to 2000. Total revenues of $1.840 billion for 2000 include revenues of
$178 million from the subsidiary we acquired in May 2000 that specializes in
the non-standard automobile business. Excluding the impact on revenues from
this newly-acquired subsidiary, revenues declined by $85 million, or 5%, from
$1.747 billion in 1999 to $1.662 billion in 2000, due principally to a $77
million decrease in earned premiums on our existing automobile and homeowners
business. The $77 million decline in earned premiums resulted in part from a
$30 million increase in reinsurance premiums ceded due to our purchase of
additional reinsurance coverage in 2000.
Total earned premiums, as shown in the immediately preceding table,
increased by $91 million, or 6%, from 1999 to 2000. Excluding the impact on
earned premiums from the acquisition noted above, earned premiums declined $77
million, or 5%, from $1.548 billion in 1999 to $1.471 billion in 2000,
continuing the decline that we have experienced over the past several years.
Automobile earned premiums increased $124 million, or 12%, from 1999 to
2000. Excluding the impact of the acquisition mentioned above, automobile
earned premiums declined by $44 million, or 4%, from
114
$1.069 billion in 1999 to $1.025 billion in 2000 primarily as a result of a
decline in average premium, due in part to the continued phase-in of a 15%
rate reduction for New Jersey policyholders mandated by New Jersey law that
came into effect in March 1999. As of December 31, 2000, this premium
reduction has been entirely reflected in our earned premiums. Our policies in
force from our existing automobile business, excluding the newly acquired
subsidiary, increased 2% at December 31, 2000 from a year earlier. The
increase reflected improved persistency in 2000 as compared to 1999 as well as
an increase in new policies sold, representing an improvement from prior year
declines.
Homeowners earned premiums decreased $34 million, or 8%, from 1999 to 2000.
Excluding the impact of reinsurance premiums ceded, which increased in 2000
from 1999, homeowners earned premiums were flat as the number of policies in
force was relatively unchanged.
Net investment income was $193 million for 2000, relatively unchanged from
$197 million in 1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues decreased $65 million, or 4%, from
1998 to 1999. Revenues were adversely affected by a decline in earned premiums
of $33 million, or 2%. Revenues are net of reinsurance premiums ceded of $61
million in 1999 and $168 million in 1998.
Automobile earned premiums decreased $50 million, or 4%, from 1998 to 1999.
Excluding the impact of reinsurance premiums ceded, which declined in 1999,
automobile earned premiums declined $118 million, or 11%. Ceded premiums were
lower primarily due to more favorable pricing for reinsurance coverage in
1999. The automobile earned premium decline resulted from a 6% decrease in the
number of policies in force and a decline in average premiums due in part to
price competition. The decline in average premiums also partially resulted
from the mandated 15% premium reduction for New Jersey policyholders described
above. We estimate that this required premium reduction lowered our earned
premiums by about $24 million for 1999.
Homeowners earned premiums increased $16 million, or 4%, in 1999. Excluding
the impact of reinsurance premiums ceded, which declined in 1999, homeowners
earned premiums declined $16 million, or 3%, reflecting a 4% decrease in
policies in force primarily due to price competition. Ceded premiums were
lower due to more favorable pricing for reinsurance coverage in 1999 as well
as a reduction in reinsurance premiums resulting from the expiration of a
reinsurance agreement and a return of hurricane fund premium.
Revenues were also adversely affected by a decline in net investment income
of $26 million, or 12%, from $223 million in 1998 to $197 million in 1999,
reflecting a decline in the amount of invested assets due to the decline in
business in force as well as a lower yield on investments in 1999.
Benefits and Expenses
The following table shows our calendar year loss, expense and combined
ratios, the impact on these calendar year ratios of catastrophic losses and
our accident year combined ratios based on loss experience for the periods
indicated (all based on statutory accounting principles).
Nine Months
Ended
September
30, Year Ended December 31,
------------ -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
----- ----- ------- ------- -------
Loss ratio(1):
Automobile.......................... 66.9% 63.3% 62.0% 71.1% 66.1%
Homeowners.......................... 79.1 69.2 72.4 70.7 69.8
Overall........................... 69.5 64.2 64.3 71.1 67.7
Expense ratio(2):
Automobile.......................... 31.2 33.0 37.3 30.5 26.1
Homeowners.......................... 36.8 40.7 45.3 39.1 34.2
Overall........................... 32.5 35.0 39.2 33.1 28.7
Combined ratio(3):
Automobile.......................... 98.1 96.3 99.3 101.6 92.2
Homeowners.......................... 115.9 109.9 117.7 109.8 104.0
Overall........................... 102.0 99.2 103.5 104.2 96.4
Effect of catastrophic losses
included in combined ratio(4):...... 3.2 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.9
Accident year combined ratio(5):..... 106.9 110.0 113.0 108.1 106.1
115
--------
(1) Represents ratio of incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses to earned
premium. Ratios reflect the favorable development in the calendar period
from prior accident year reserves of $67 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2001, $130 million in the nine months ended September 30,
2000, $165 million in the year ended December 31, 2000, $150 million in
1999 and $245 million in 1998. Ratios also reflect recoveries from current
accident year stop-loss reinsurance contracts of $80 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 2001, $49 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2000, and $80 million in the year ended December 31, 2000.
(2) Represents ratio of operating expenses to net written premium.
(3) Represents the sum of (1) and (2).
(4) Represents losses and loss adjustment expenses attributable to
catastrophes that are included in the combined ratio. Our calendar year
catastrophe losses include both current and prior accident year losses. We
classify as catastrophes those events that are declared catastrophes by
Property Claims Services, which is an industry organization that declares
and tracks all property-related catastrophes causing insured property
damage in the United States. Property Claims Services declares an event a
catastrophe if it causes in excess of a specified dollar amount of insured
property damage, which was $25 million throughout the periods presented,
and affects a significant number of policyholders and insurance companies.
(5) Accident year combined ratios for annual periods reflect the combined
ratios for accidents that occur in the indicated calendar year, restated
to reflect subsequent changes in loss estimates for those claims based on
cumulative loss data through September 30, 2001. Accident year combined
ratios for the nine month periods reflect the combined ratios for policies
written in those periods, based on cumulative loss data through September
30 of the indicated year. These ratios reflect the recoveries from stop-
loss reinsurance contracts as noted above. We analyze accident-year
combined ratios because they reflect the actual loss experience of
accidents that occur in a given period excluding the effect of accidents
that occur in other periods.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Our automobile and total combined
ratios, as shown in the table immediately above, increased from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001 primarily due to the lower net
benefit from stop-loss reinsurance recoveries and prior accident-year reserve
development in the first nine months of 2001. The impact of experience on new
automobile business also contributed to the increases in these ratios, since
the experience on our seasoned automobile business was relatively consistent.
We added significant new automobile business during the first nine months of
2001, primarily in the first half of the year, which we expected would produce
less favorable experience in its initial year than similarly priced seasoned
business. However, based on our evaluation of the quality of the new business
produced, particularly the major portion of the business which was sold
through the new distribution channels we implemented in 1999 and 2000 as noted
above, we have suspended our mailing solicitations for the direct distribution
channel and limited the growth of business from some of our distribution
channels, other than Prudential Agents, commencing in the third quarter of
2001. In October 2001, we announced that we would no longer write business
through our property and casualty insurance career agency channel except in a
few selected markets. The increase in the homeowners' loss ratio came from a
13% increase in claim severity and a 7% increase in claim frequency, partially
offset by the greater benefit from stop-loss reinsurance recoveries in the
first nine months of 2001. These recoveries resulted in decreases in the
homeowners' combined ratio of 5.8 percentage points in the first nine months
of 2001 and 3.5 percentage points in the first nine months of 2000.
Our calendar year catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, amounted to $44
million for the first nine months of 2001 compared to $35 million for the
first nine months of 2000.
Losses that we ceded through reinsurance, including stop-loss reinsurance,
resulted in decreases in the total combined ratio of 9.6 percentage points for
the first nine months of 2001 and 5.6 percentage points for the first nine
months of 2000. See "Business--U.S. Consumer Division--Property and Casualty
Insurance--Catastrophe Exposure Risk Management Program and Reinsurance" for a
description of the Property and Casualty Insurance segment's reinsurance
program.
Our overall expense ratio for the first nine months of 2001 decreased from
the first nine months of 2000, as we incurred costs in 2000 to develop our
distribution channels and benefited in 2001 from staff reductions and the
favorable impact of the increased premium base.
The decrease in the accident year combined ratio resulted from the greater
recovery from stop-loss reinsurance during the first nine months of 2001.
Recoveries from stop-loss reinsurance resulted in decreases in the accident
year combined ratio of 5.8 percentage points in the first nine months of 2001
and 4.1 percentage points in the first nine months of 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Our automobile and total combined ratios, as
shown in the table immediately above, improved in 2000 from 1999 primarily as
a result of the $80 million recovery from a stop-loss reinsurance contract
during 2000 and the $15 million greater benefit from prior accident year
reserve development. The decrease in the automobile loss ratio came primarily
from our recovery from a stop-loss reinsurance contract as noted above, and
the greater benefit from release of prior accident year reserves in 2000 as
well as our efforts to limit loss severity, partially offset by a slight
increase in claim frequency. The increase
116
in the homeowners' loss ratio primarily came from a 13% increase in claim
severity, partially offset by a 9% decrease in claim frequency.
Our catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, amounted to $45 million for 2000
compared to $51 million for 1999.
Losses that we ceded through reinsurance resulted in a decrease in the total
combined ratio of 8.1 percentage points for 2000 and, as a result of changes
in recoverable amounts previously recorded, an increase of 2.6 percentage
points for 1999.
Our overall expense ratio for 2000 increased in comparison to 1999 mainly
because of the impact of increased operating expenses as discussed above.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Our automobile and total combined ratios, as
shown in the table immediately above, increased in 1999 from 1998 as a result
of the lower benefit of $150 million from favorable development on prior
accident year reserves in 1999 as compared to $245 million in 1998. The
increase in the loss ratio for homeowners business came primarily from a 3%
increase in claim severity, primarily from fire and extended coverage claims,
partially offset by a 2% decrease in claim frequency.
Our catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, amounted to $51 million for 1999
compared to $62 million for 1998.
Losses that we ceded through reinsurance resulted in an increase in the
total combined ratio of 2.6 percentage points in 1999, as a result of changes
in recoverable amounts previously recorded, and a reduction of 2.5 percentage
points in 1998.
Our overall expense ratio for 1999 increased in comparison to 1998
principally because the decline in premiums earned was not accompanied by a
commensurate decline in our overhead and other fixed expenses, and because of
the impact of increased operating expenses to expand our distribution
channels.
The increase in the accident year combined ratio was principally driven by
these increases in the overall expense ratio.
Employee Benefits Division
The Employee Benefits division generates income from premiums, as well as
fee-based revenues and spread income, through the Group Insurance and Other
Employee Benefits segments. Premiums and investment income from group life and
disability insurance, as well as fee-based revenues from products like group
variable universal life insurance, are the primary sources of revenues for the
Group Insurance segment. The Other Employee Benefits segment also receives
premiums and investment income, as well as fee-based revenues. Products and
services for defined contribution and defined benefit retirement plans, as
well as real estate and relocation services, generate the major portion of the
Other Employee Benefits segment's fee-based revenues. We include these fee-
based revenues in the line captioned "commissions and other income" or "policy
charges and fee income" in our consolidated statement of operations.
We seek to earn spread income in our general account on various products,
which is the difference between our return on the investments supporting the
products net of expenses and the amounts we credit to our contractholders.
These products primarily include the general account insurance group life and
disability products of the Group Insurance segment as well as guaranteed
investment contracts and certain group annuity products of the Other Employee
Benefits segment. We include revenues from these products, other than premiums
received from policyholders, primarily in the line captioned "net investment
income" in our consolidated statement of operations.
The Group Insurance and Other Employee Benefits segments pay the expenses of
their own proprietary sales forces for distribution of products, and pay the
Individual Life Insurance and Private Client Group segments within the U.S.
Consumer division for distribution of their products through Prudential Agents
and Financial Advisors. These segments also pay our Investment Management and
Advisory Services segment for management of proprietary assets. These fees
result in expenses to the segments of the Employee Benefits division and
revenues to the Asset Management division. We reflect all of the intra-company
services at rates that we determined with reference to market rates. The Other
Employee Benefits segment also pays third-party managers for management of
non-proprietary assets that support some of its defined contribution
retirement products.
117
Division Results
The following table and discussion present the Employee Benefits division's
results based on our definition of "adjusted operating income," which is a
non-GAAP measure, as well as income from continuing operations before income
taxes, which is prepared in accordance with GAAP. As shown below, adjusted
operating income excludes realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges. The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall
results of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a
substitute for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with
GAAP, and you should note that our definition of adjusted operating income may
differ from that used by other companies. However, we believe that the
presentation of adjusted operating income as we measure it for management
purposes enhances the understanding of our results of operations by
highlighting the results from ongoing operations and the underlying
profitability factors of our businesses. We exclude realized investment gains,
net of losses and related charges, from adjusted operating income because the
timing of transactions resulting in recognition of gains or losses is largely
at our discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is heavily
influenced by and fluctuates in part according to the availability of market
opportunities. Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions could
distort trends in the underlying profitability of our business.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Division operating results:
Revenues(1)........................ $4,431 $4,216 $ 5,686 $ 5,442 $ 5,463
Benefits and expenses(2)........... 4,272 3,905 5,299 5,042 5,023
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income.......... $ 159 $ 311 $ 387 $ 400 $ 440
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Adjusted operating income by
segment:
Group Insurance.................... $ 49 $ 90 $ 158 $ 128 $ 98
Other Employee Benefits............ 110 221 229 272 342
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total............................ 159 311 387 400 440
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains
(losses), net................... (57) (127) (87) 228 718
Related charges(3)............... 4 3 (31) (143) (222)
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment gains,
net of losses and related
charges......................... (53) (124) (118) 85 496
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes................ $ 106 $ 187 $ 269 $ 485 $ 936
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on reserves and deferred acquisition cost amortization.
(3) Related charges consist of the following:
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- ---------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- -------- --------
(in millions)
Reserves for future policy
benefits...................... $ 3 $ 2 $ (32) $ (147) $ (218)
Amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs............. 1 1 1 4 (4)
------ ------ ------- -------- --------
Total......................... $ 4 $ 3 $ (31) $ (143) $ (222)
====== ====== ======= ======== ========
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our
Employee Benefits division decreased $152 million, or 49%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001 as a result of a $111 million
decrease in adjusted operating income from our Other Employee Benefits segment
and a $41 million decrease from our Group Insurance segment. Income from
continuing operations before income taxes decreased $81 million, or 43%, from
the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, as the
decrease in adjusted operating income was partially offset by a $71 million
decrease in realized investment losses, net of related charges. For a
discussion of realized investment gains and losses and charges related to
realized investment gains and losses, see "--Consolidated Results of
Operations--Realized Investment Gains".
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our Employee
Benefits division decreased $13 million, or 3%, from 1999 to 2000 as a result
of a $43 million decrease in adjusted operating income from our Other Employee
Benefits segment which was partially offset by a $30 million increase from our
Group Insurance segment. Income from continuing operations before income taxes
decreased $216 million,
118
from $485 million in 1999 to $269 million in 2000. This decline resulted
primarily from realized investment losses, net of related charges, of $118
million in 2000 compared to realized investment gains, net of related charges,
of $85 million in 1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our Employee
Benefits division decreased $40 million, or 9%, from 1998 to 1999, as a $70
million decrease in adjusted operating income from our Other Employee Benefits
segment was partially offset by improved results from our Group Insurance
segment. Income from continuing operations before income taxes decreased by
$451 million, or 48%, from 1998 to 1999. This decrease resulted primarily from
a $411 million decline in realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges.
Group Insurance
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Group Insurance segment's operating
results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $2,412 $2,039 $ 2,801 $ 2,428 $ 2,205
Benefits and expenses................... 2,363 1,949 2,643 2,300 2,107
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 49 $ 90 $ 158 $ 128 $ 98
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $41
million, or 46%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001. The decrease came primarily from less favorable mortality experience
on group life insurance in the first nine months of 2001, which included an
increase in our estimate of incurred but not reported claims. This increase in
estimate had a negative impact of approximately $36 million on our adjusted
operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. The mortality
experience on group life insurance was partially offset by earned premium
growth and improved morbidity on group disability products. In addition,
adjusted operating income benefited $29 million in the first nine months of
2000 from refinements in our calculations of reserves and return premiums for
waiver of premium features. However, about half of this benefit was offset
during the same period, primarily by a charge to increase the allowance for
receivables. The Group Insurance segment had a loss of $7 million, on an
adjusted operating income basis, for the third quarter of 2001, reflecting the
major portion of the increase in estimate mentioned above.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $30
million, or 23%, from 1999 to 2000. Approximately half of the increase came
from growth in earned premiums on both group life and disability products,
reflecting increased sales and strong persistency, as well as improved
mortality and morbidity on group life and disability products in 2000.
Adjusted operating income benefited $32 million in 2000 from refinements in
our calculations of reserves and return premiums for waiver of premium
features. However, about half of this benefit was offset during 2000,
primarily by a charge to increase the allowance for receivables.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $30
million, or 31%, from 1998 to 1999. We experienced growth in earned premiums
on both group life and disability products, accompanied by improved mortality
and morbidity experience during 1999. As discussed below, the growth in earned
premiums reflected increased sales of both life and disability products as
well as strong persistency. However, increased operating expenses of $54
million partially offset these developments. Expenses in 1998 included a
charge of $18 million to establish a reserve to settle certain liabilities and
a charge of $12 million to increase reserves for disability as discussed below
under "--Benefits and Expenses".
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", increased by $373 million, or 18%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001.
119
Group life insurance premiums increased by $259 million, or 21%, to $1.497
billion primarily due to growth in business in force resulting from new sales,
as described below, and continued strong persistency. Group disability
premiums, which include long-term care products, increased by $36 million,
also reflecting the growth in business in force. Persistency decreased from
91% in the first nine months of 2000 to 89% in the first nine months of 2001,
primarily due to the cancellation of a large case. Net investment income
increased $53 million, or 15%, primarily due to a larger base of invested
assets.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased by $373 million, or 15%,
from 1999 to 2000. Group life insurance premiums increased by $189 million, or
13%, to $1.655 billion primarily due to growth in business in force resulting
from new sales, which increased in 2000. Persistency increased from 94% in
1999 to 95% in 2000. Group disability premiums, which include long-term care
products, increased by $71 million, or 18%, also reflecting the growth in
business in force resulting from new sales, which increased in 2000.
Persistency increased from 88% in 1999 to 90% in 2000. The remainder of the
increase in revenues came primarily from higher fees on products sold to
employers for funding of employee benefit programs and retirement
arrangements, reflecting growth of this business in 2000. Net investment
income was $485 million in 2000, relatively unchanged from $470 million in
1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased by $223 million, or 10%,
from 1998 to 1999. Group life premiums increased by $126 million, or 9%, to
$1.466 billion primarily due to new sales in 1999. Persistency declined
slightly from 97% for 1998 to 94% for 1999. Group disability premiums
increased by $35 million, or 10%, also reflecting increased new sales in 1999.
Persistency declined slightly from 90% in 1998 to 88% for 1999. Net investment
income increased $29 million, or 7%, from $441 million in 1998 to $470 million
in 1999, which is largely offset by corresponding expense charges for interest
credited.
Benefits and Expenses
The following table sets forth the Group Insurance segment's benefits and
administrative operating expense ratios for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
--------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Benefits ratio(1):
Group life........................ 93.9% 87.1% 85.8% 88.3% 89.9%
Group disability.................. 95.3 102.3 101.9 102.7 109.6
Administrative operating expense
ratio(2):
Group life........................ 9.6 11.7 11.6 11.4 10.9
Group disability.................. 22.9 23.0 21.0 23.5 21.2
--------
(1) Ratio of policyholder benefits to earned premiums, policy charges and fee
income. Group disability ratios include long-term care products.
(2) Ratio of administrative operating expenses (excluding commissions) to
gross premiums, policy charges and fee income.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", increased by $414 million, or 21%,
from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The
increase resulted in large part from an increase of $368 million, or 24%, in
policyholders' benefits, including the change in policy reserves. This
increase reflected less favorable group life insurance claims experience in
the first nine months of 2001, which included an increase in our estimate of
incurred but not reported claims, as well as the growth of business in force.
Based on our evaluation of mortality experience for the first nine months of
2001, we have reviewed our pricing policies to determine whether our pricing
structure provides for adequate margins and returns on all of our group
insurance products. As a result of this review, we have commenced pricing
adjustments, when contractually permitted, which consider the recent
deterioration of the benefits ratio on our group life insurance products.
While there can be no assurance, we expect these actions to result, over time,
in a return to benefits ratios consistent with those experienced on this
business prior to 2001. However, we expect that the implementation of these
actions, given the competitive marketplace for our products, may result in a
decline in persistency on our group life insurance business in force and some
slowing of our sales. As a result of our reinsurance coverages, insurance
losses resulting from the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United
States did not have a material impact on our results. An increase of $28
million, or 9%, in operating expenses also contributed to the increase in
benefits and expenses. The increase in operating expenses, from $300 million
in the first nine months of 2000 to $328 million in the first nine months of
2001, resulted primarily from sales-based compensation costs driven by the
increase in group life insurance sales.
120
The group life benefits ratio for the first nine months of 2001 increased
6.8 percentage points from the first nine months of 2000 primarily as a result
of the less favorable claims experience on our group life insurance business
in the first nine months of 2001. About 4 percentage points of the increase in
the group life benefits ratio came from the increase in estimate of incurred
but not reported claims and the net impact of the refinements in reserve
calculations and charge to increase the allowance for receivables in 2000. The
group disability benefits ratio improved by 7.0 percentage points from the
first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001 reflecting better
morbidity experience, which we attribute to accelerated case resolution and
our ongoing efforts to improve the quality of our underwriting and claims
management processes as well as the impact of our increase in the allowance
for receivables, which contributed about 3 percentage points to the first nine
months 2000 ratio. The group life administrative operating expense ratio
improved 2.1 percentage points, reflecting the impact of our efforts to
improve operational efficiencies.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased by $343
million, or 15%, from 1999 to 2000. This increase includes the changes in
reserves from the refinements in reserve calculations noted above, which
reduced our expenses by $54 million in 2000. Excluding this change, total
benefits and expenses increased $397 million, or 17%. The increase resulted in
large part from an increase of $337 million, or 19%, in policyholders'
benefits, including the change in policy reserves. This increase reflected the
growth in business in force, partially offset by the impact of improved
mortality and morbidity experience on group life and disability products in
2000. An increase of $47 million, or 13%, in operating expenses also
contributed to the increase in benefits and expenses. The increase in
operating expenses, from $354 million in 1999 to $401 million in 2000,
resulted primarily from the sales-based compensation costs related to the
increase in sales of our group life and group disability products, and volume
related costs to administer the increased business in force.
The group life benefits ratio for 2000 improved by 2.5 percentage points
from 1999 primarily as a result of improved mortality experience. The group
disability benefits ratio improved by 0.8 percentage points from 1999 to 2000
reflecting better morbidity experience, which we attribute to our ongoing
efforts to improve the quality of our underwriting and claims management
processes. The group life administrative operating expense ratio was
relatively unchanged, while the group disability insurance administrative
operating expense ratio improved 2.5 percentage points, reflecting the impact
of our efforts to improve operational efficiencies.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $193
million, or 9%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase resulted in large part from an
increase of $109 million, or 7%, in policyholders' benefits, including policy
reserves. This increase reflected the growth in business in force, partially
offset by the impact of a reserve increase of $12 million in 1998 that did not
recur in 1999 as a result of longer life expectancies of disabled insureds due
to medical advances in the treatment of AIDS, as well as improved mortality
and morbidity experience in 1999. Interest credited to policyholders increased
$29 million, or 18%, corresponding to the increase in investment income
referred to above. The increase also resulted from an increase of $55 million,
or 18%, in operating expenses.
The increase in operating expenses, from $299 million in 1998 to $354
million in 1999, reflected the costs to administer the increased business in
force as well as our continued investment in processes and technologies to
support actual and intended growth in business, partially offset by the impact
of a charge of $18 million in 1998 to establish a reserve to settle
liabilities in connection with certain contracts. The investments in processes
and technologies relate in part to our need to develop autonomous
administrative systems to replace support previously shared with our
healthcare business that we sold in August 1999.
The group life benefits ratio improved by 1.6 percentage points from 1998 to
1999 due to better mortality experience. The group disability benefits ratio
improved by 6.9 percentage points, with about half of the improvement related
to the 1998 reserve increase for longer life expectancies as discussed above.
The remainder of this improvement came from better morbidity experience.
However, our group disability benefits ratio continued to remain high
primarily due to the continuing effect of long-term disability claims we
incurred from business we wrote in the early and mid-1990s, largely in the
healthcare, legal and securities industries. We believe our experience
parallels the industry's experience during this period. Also, as a result of
an increase in administrative operating expenses, the administrative operating
expense ratios for both group life and disability insurance increased in 1999.
121
Sales Results
The following table sets forth the Group Insurance segment's new annualized
premiums for the periods indicated. In managing our group insurance business,
we analyze new annualized premiums, which do not correspond to revenues under
GAAP, as well as revenues, because new annualized premiums measure the current
sales performance of the business unit, while revenues reflect the renewal
persistency and aging of in force policies written in prior years and net
investment income in addition to current sales.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
---- ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
New annualized premiums:
Group life(1)............................ $ 368 $ 274 $ 321 $ 262 $ 245
Group disability(2)...................... 116 137 162 105 86
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total.................................. $ 484 $ 411 $ 483 $ 367 $ 331
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Amounts do not include excess premiums, which are premiums that build cash
value but do not purchase face amounts of group universal life insurance.
(2) Includes long-term care products.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Total new annualized premiums increased
$73 million, or 18%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine
months of 2001, with an increase of $94 million in group life sales partially
offset by a $21 million decline in group disability sales. The group life
sales increase came from a small number of large sales to new customers,
including annualized premiums of $92 million from one sale, which more than
offset a lower level of additional sales to existing group life customers. The
group disability sales decrease reflected the benefit to first nine months
2000 results from sales opportunities resulting from the well-publicized
financial difficulties of a competitor.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Total new annualized premiums increased $116
million, or 32%, from 1999 to 2000, with increases of $59 million in group
life sales and $57 million in group disability sales. Sales for 1999 benefited
from annualized premiums of $40 million from one sale. We believe the sales
increase reflected improved competitiveness of our products as well as sales
opportunities resulting from the well-publicized financial difficulties of a
competitor.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Total new annualized premiums increased $36
million, or 11%, from 1998 to 1999. An increase in sales to new customers,
including $40 million from one sale, reflecting an expansion of the dedicated
Group Insurance sales force and greater productivity as well as availability
of a new disability contract that was approved for sale by regulators in 1999,
more than offset a lower level of additional sales to existing group life
customers.
Other Employee Benefits
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Other Employee Benefits segment's
operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $2,019 $2,177 $ 2,885 $ 3,014 $ 3,258
Benefits and expenses(2)................ 1,909 1,956 2,656 2,742 2,916
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 110 $ 221 $ 229 $ 272 $ 342
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on reserves and deferred acquisition cost amortization.
122
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $111
million, or 50%, in the first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months
of 2000. Adjusted operating income benefited $36 million in the first nine
months of 2000 primarily from refinements in our annuity reserves. Excluding
this change, adjusted operating income decreased $75 million, or 41%. The $75
million decrease came primarily from a $56 million decline in adjusted
operating income from our guaranteed products business. This business had a
deterioration in mortality experience in the first nine months of 2001 and
recorded approximately $29 million of increased estimates of policy
liabilities relating to prior periods. We recorded charges amounting to $22
million in the first nine months of 2000 to establish reserves for guaranteed
benefits on several separate account contracts. The guaranteed products
business also continues to be adversely affected by the gradual runoff of our
general account products, including general account GIC business, that we have
experienced over the past several years. We expect to continue to have low
sales of general account GICs unless and until our ratings improve.
Our real estate and relocation business reported a loss, on an adjusted
operating income basis, of $5 million in the first nine months of 2001 versus
adjusted operating income of $30 million in the first nine months of 2000. The
loss in the first nine months of 2001 resulted from expenses of $29 million
from consolidation of operating facilities as well as a decline in corporate
relocation volume.
Our full service defined contribution business, which benefited from lower
expense levels in the first nine months of 2001, reported a loss of $11
million on an adjusted operating income basis compared to a loss of $27
million in the first nine months of 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $43
million, or 16%, in 2000 from 1999. Adjusted operating income benefited $64
million in 2000 and $54 million in 1999 primarily from refinements in our
annuity reserves. Excluding these changes, adjusted operating income decreased
$53 million, or 24%, from $218 million in 1999 to $165 million in 2000. The
$53 million decrease came primarily from a $45 million decline in adjusted
operating income from our guaranteed products business. Results from this
business were negatively affected by a $56 million charge we recorded in 2000
to increase our reserves for structured settlement products as a result of our
restructuring of the investment portfolio supporting these products to reduce
the emphasis on equity investments. We recorded charges of $26 million in 2000
and $37 million in 1999 to establish reserves for guaranteed benefits on
several separate account contracts. Results from this business continue to be
affected by the scheduled runoff of our general account GIC business that we
have experienced over the past several years. Losses from our full service
defined contribution business were $42 million in 2000, relatively unchanged
from $39 million in 1999.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income declined by $70
million, or 20%, in 1999 from 1998. Adjusted operating income benefited $54
million in 1999 and $46 million in 1998 primarily from refinements in our
calculation of annuity reserves. Excluding these changes, adjusted operating
income declined by $78 million, or 26%, from $296 million in 1998 to $218
million in 1999. The decrease reflected a decline of $115 million in adjusted
operating income from our guaranteed products business, which was negatively
affected by a $37 million charge in 1999 to establish reserves for guaranteed
benefits on several separate account contracts. The remainder of the decrease
reflects the continuing scheduled runoff of our general account GIC business
as noted above and a decline in mortgage prepayment fees received in 1999. The
decrease in adjusted operating income from our guaranteed products business
was partially offset by a $23 million decrease in losses from our full service
defined contribution business, reflecting higher asset and participant-based
fee revenues as a result of the growth of our full service defined
contribution business and a reduced level of cost per participant. The results
of our defined contribution business include commissions and selling costs
that, for sales of products for which we are not reimbursed for these costs by
future distribution fees and contingent deferred sales charges, we charge
immediately to expense under GAAP (rather than capitalizing and recognizing
over time) resulting in a loss in the year of sale.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $158 million, or 7%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Net investment income
decreased $95 million, or 5%, from $1.752 billion in the first nine months of
2000 to $1.657 billion in the first nine months of 2001 reflecting the gradual
runoff of our general account products,
123
including general account GIC business, which we expect to continue. Premiums,
policy charges and fees decreased $50 million, from $119 million in the first
nine months of 2000 to $69 million in the first nine months of 2001,
reflecting lower sales of general account group annuity products.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues decreased $129 million, or 4%, from
1999 to 2000. Net investment income decreased $128 million, or 5%, from $2.460
billion in 1999 to $2.332 billion in 2000. The majority of this decline
relates to the continued runoff of our general account GIC business. Fee-based
revenue in 2000 was approximately equal to 1999, as the impact on 1999
revenues from $16 million in fees we earned in connection with our
participation in the rehabilitation of another life insurance company was
essentially offset by higher fee-based revenues resulting from growth in our
full service defined contribution and real estate and relocation businesses in
2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues decreased $244 million, or 7%, from
1998 to 1999. Net investment income decreased $270 million, or 10%, from
$2.730 billion in 1998 to $2.460 billion in 1999. The majority of this decline
relates to the runoff of our general account GIC business. The decline in
investment income also reflects a decline in mortgage prepayment fees received
in 1999. Fee-based revenue increased $17 million, or 4%, from $457 million in
1998 to $474 million in 1999, primarily as a result of growth of our full
service defined contribution business.
Benefits and Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", decreased $47 million, or 2%, from
the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. This decrease
includes the effect of refinements in our annuity reserves in the first nine
months of 2000 as noted above. Excluding this change, benefits and expenses
decreased $83 million, or 4%. Policyholder benefits, including interest
credited to policyholders, declined $54 million, from $1.474 billion in the
first nine months of 2000 to $1.420 billion in the first nine months of 2001,
primarily as a result of the continued runoff of our general account products,
including general account GIC business, as noted above. In addition, interest
expense decreased $26 million from the first nine months of 2000 to the first
nine months of 2001 as a result of a lower level of investment-related
borrowing and lower borrowing rates. Expenses of $29 million incurred during
the first nine months of 2001 to consolidate the operating facilities of our
real estate and relocation business partially offset these decreases.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses decreased $86 million,
or 3%, from 1999 to 2000. Interest credited to policyholders declined from
$1.086 billion in 1999 to $1.024 billion in 2000, primarily as a result of the
runoff of our general account GIC business as noted above. This decrease was
essentially offset by the $56 million charge we recorded in 2000 to increase
our reserves for structured settlement products. The remainder of the decrease
came primarily from a decrease in policyholders' benefits, including the
change in policy reserves, reflecting our maturing block of group annuity
business.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses decreased $174
million, or 6%, from 1998 to 1999. This decrease includes the changes in
reserves from refinements in the reserve calculations for our annuity business
as noted above, which reduced our expenses by $54 million in 1999 and $32
million in 1998. Excluding these changes, the decrease in total benefits and
expenses was $152 million, or 5%. Interest credited to policyholders decreased
$168 million, reflecting the attrition of our general account GIC business and
a reduction in credited rates for a majority of our fixed rate defined
contribution business. A $37 million charge in 1999 to establish reserves for
guaranteed benefits on several separate account contracts partially offset
this decrease.
124
Sales Results and Assets Under Management
The following table shows the changes in the account values and net sales of
Other Employee Benefits segment products for the periods indicated. Net sales
are total sales minus withdrawals or withdrawals and benefits, as applicable.
As noted above under "--U.S. Consumer Division--Retail Investments--Sales
Results and Assets Under Management", neither sales nor net sales are revenues
under GAAP.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
---------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Defined Contribution:
Beginning total account value..... $26,046 $25,788 $25,788 $21,527 $17,737
Sales............................. 2,907 4,032 5,439 4,736 4,939
Withdrawals....................... (2,784) (2,896) (3,937) (3,287) (2,585)
Change in market value and
interest credited................ (3,459) 205 (1,244) 2,812 1,436
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Ending total account value....... $22,710 $27,129 $26,046 $25,788 $21,527
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Net sales......................... $ 123 $ 1,136 $ 1,502 $ 1,449 $ 2,354
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Guaranteed Products(1):
Beginning total account value..... $41,577 $41,757 $41,757 $45,560 $47,723
Sales............................. 1,866 1,604 2,024 1,951 2,511
Withdrawals and benefits.......... (3,569) (4,026) (5,279) (7,244) (9,487)
Change in market value and
interest income.................. 1,360 2,175 2,997 2,070 4,020
Other(2).......................... (2,226) 241 78 (580) 793
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Ending total account value....... $39,008 $41,751 $41,577 $41,757 $45,560
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Net sales......................... $(1,703) $(2,422) $(3,255) $(5,293) $(6,976)
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Prudential's retirement plan accounted for 28% of sales in the nine months
ended September 30, 2001, 26% of sales in the nine months ended September
30, 2000, 27% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2000, 28% for 1999
and 25% for 1998. Ending total account value includes assets of
Prudential's retirement plan of $8.0 billion at September 30, 2001, $8.3
billion at September 30, 2000, $8.2 billion at December 31, 2000, $8.2
billion at December 31, 1999 and $7.8 billion at December 31, 1998.
(2) Changes in asset balances for externally managed accounts.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Assets under management in our full
service defined contribution business amounted to $22.7 billion at September
30, 2001, a decrease of $3.3 billion, or 13%, from December 31, 2000. This
decrease is primarily due to a decline in market value of mutual funds
reflecting the general downturn in the equity markets. In addition, net sales
decreased $1.0 billion in the first nine months of 2001 from the first nine
months of 2000, reflecting a decrease in new institutional clients.
Assets under management for guaranteed products amounted to $39.0 billion at
September 30, 2001, a decrease of $2.6 billion, or 6%, from December 31, 2000.
The decrease from December 31, 2000 is primarily due to a decrease in separate
account annuity assets that reflected approximately $1.1 billion of
withdrawals from externally managed accounts and $1.1 billion of annuity
benefits.
As of September 30, 2001, our guaranteed products assets under management
included $10.3 billion relating to non-participating group annuities and
structured settlements that were sold predominantly in a high interest rate
environment. Historically, we have actively managed the investment portfolios
underlying these long-duration products to maximize economic value. This
strategy has produced significant realized investment gains over the years;
however, the reinvestment of sales proceeds in lower yielding assets has
resulted in marginally profitable adjusted operating income on these products
for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and the three years ended
December 31, 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Assets under management in our full service
defined contribution business were relatively unchanged at December 31, 2000
from a year earlier. Net sales benefited from increased participant
contributions, reflecting an increased participant base. However, the $1.5
billion net sales in 2000 were largely offset by negative changes in market
value of $1.2 billion resulting from poor performance in the equity markets.
Assets under management for guaranteed products at December 31, 2000 were
also relatively unchanged from a year earlier. Although assets related to our
general account GIC business continued to decline, reflecting
125
the scheduled runoff of that business, this decrease was largely offset by an
increase in our separate account annuity assets resulting primarily from
market appreciation and interest income on fixed income investments.
Withdrawals and benefits from guaranteed products for 2000 totaled $5.3
billion, $2.0 billion less than those of 1999, reflecting the declining volume
of general account GIC contracts. Sales of guaranteed products increased $73
million over 1999, as an increase in separate account GICs and funding
agreements more than offset a decline in traditional GICs.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Assets under management in our full service
defined contribution business amounted to $25.8 billion at December 31, 1999,
an increase of $4.3 billion, or 20%, from December 31, 1998. The increase is
primarily due to market appreciation and interest credited of $2.8 billion,
primarily due to market appreciation in equity funds, as well as net sales of
$1.4 billion. Net sales in 1999 decreased by $905 million from 1998,
reflecting the inclusion in 1998 results of a sale to one customer totaling
$1.3 billion. Excluding the impact of this single sale in 1998, sales
increased $1.1 billion, or 30%, in 1999 from 1998, which we believe reflects
our offering of more competitive products. Net sales were also affected by a
higher absolute level of withdrawals in 1999, although the rate of withdrawal
compared to average assets under management was consistent with prior years.
Assets under management for guaranteed products decreased $3.8 billion, or
8%, from December 31, 1998. The decrease is primarily a result of a $1.7
billion decrease in separate account annuity assets, a $1.0 billion decrease
in assets related to our general account GIC business and withdrawals from our
synthetic and separate account GIC business. The decrease in separate account
annuity assets came primarily from scheduled annuity benefits. The decrease in
general account GIC assets reflected the continued scheduled runoff of that
business. Withdrawals and benefits from guaranteed products for 1999 totaled
$7.2 billion, $2.2 billion or 24% less than those of 1998, reflecting the
declining volume of remaining general account GIC contracts. Sales of
guaranteed products in 1999 were $560 million or 22% lower than 1998,
primarily due to a decrease in sales of floating rate non-traditional GIC
products.
International Division
The International division generates revenues from premiums and investment
income through our International Insurance segment and from commissions, asset
management fees and investment income from the international securities and
futures brokerage and trading operations that comprise our International
Securities and Investments segment. We include the asset management fees and
commissions from these operations in the line captioned "commissions and other
income" in our consolidated statement of operations.
The International Insurance and International Securities and Investments
segments pay the expenses of their own proprietary sales forces, consisting of
Life Planners, Life Advisors, and Financial Advisors, for distribution of
products.
Our international operations conduct their business primarily in local
currencies and, accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates,
net of the impact of our hedging strategies, affect the profitability of these
operations in our consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of our
currency hedging strategies, see "--Risk Management, Market Risk and
Derivative Instruments--Market Risk--Other Than Trading Activities--Market
Risk Related to Foreign Currency Exchange Rates".
In addition, we must manage our risk in connection with principal
transactions associated with the international and futures operations of the
International Securities and Investments segment. The liquidity of markets and
transactional volume, the level and volatility of interest rates, security and
currency valuations, competitive conditions and other factors also affect our
revenues and profitability. See "--Overview--Profitability".
Division Results
The following table and discussion present the International division's
results based on our definition of "adjusted operating income," which is a
non-GAAP measure, as well as income from continuing operations before income
taxes, which is prepared in accordance with GAAP. As shown below, adjusted
operating income excludes realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges. The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall
results of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a
substitute for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with
GAAP, and you should note that our definition of adjusted operating income may
differ from that used by other companies. However, we believe that the
presentation of adjusted operating income as we measure it for management
purposes enhances the
126
understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the results from
ongoing operations and the underlying profitability factors of our businesses.
We exclude realized investment gains, net of losses and related charges, from
adjusted operating income because the timing of transactions resulting in
recognition of gains or losses is largely at our discretion and the amount of
these gains or losses is heavily influenced by and fluctuates in part
according to the availability of market opportunities. Including the
fluctuating effects of these transactions could distort trends in the
underlying profitability of our businesses.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- ------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Division operating results:
Revenues(1)........................... $3,369 $1,953 $ 2,624 $ 2,102 $ 1,622
Benefits and expenses................. 2,971 1,691 2,302 1,869 1,465
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............. $ 398 $ 262 $ 322 $ 233 $ 157
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Adjusted operating income by segment:
International Insurance............... $ 439 $ 211 $ 296 $ 218 $ 144
International Securities and
Investments.......................... (41) 51 26 15 13
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total............................... 398 262 322 233 157
Items excluded from adjusted operating
income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses............................... 17 20 (15) 9 9
Related charges(2).................... (10) -- -- -- --
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment gains, net
of losses and related charges...... 7 20 (15) 9 9
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes................... $ 405 $ 282 $ 307 $ 242 $ 166
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Related charges consist of the portion of dividends to policyholders
attributable to realized investment gains, net of losses.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our
International division increased $136 million, or 52%, in the first nine
months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. The increase came from an
increase of $228 million in adjusted operating income from our International
Insurance segment, including $185 million from Gibraltar Life which we
acquired in 2001, as discussed below. This increase was partially offset by a
$92 million decline in adjusted operating income from our International
Securities and Investments segment. Income from continuing operations before
income taxes increased by $123 million, or 44%, in the first nine months of
2001 from the first nine months of 2000 as a result of the increase in
adjusted operating income.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our
International division increased $89 million, or 38%, in 2000 from 1999 due to
increases in both segments in the division. Income from continuing operations
before income taxes increased $65 million, or 27%, in 2000 from 1999. The
increase came from the $89 million increase in adjusted operating income,
which was partially offset by a $24 million decrease in realized investment
gains, net of losses. For a discussion of realized investment gains and
losses, and charges related to realized investment gains and losses, see "--
Consolidated Results of Operations--Realized Investment Gains".
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our
International division increased $76 million, or 48%, from 1998 to 1999. The
increase came primarily from an increase in adjusted operating income of $74
million from our International Insurance segment. Income from continuing
operations before income taxes increased by $76 million, or 46%, from 1998 to
1999 as a result of the increase in adjusted operating income.
International Insurance
Our international insurance operations are subject to currency fluctuations
that can materially impact the U.S. dollar results of our international
insurance operations from period to period even if results on a local currency
basis are relatively constant. Exchange rates fluctuated significantly in the
first nine months of 2001 and the three years ended December 31, 2000. The
financial results of our International Insurance segment reflect the impact of
our currency hedging strategies including internal hedges, whereby some
currency fluctuation exposure is assumed in our Corporate and Other
operations. Unless otherwise stated, we have translated all
127
information in this section on the basis of exchange rates in accordance with
GAAP. To achieve a better understanding of local operating performance, where
indicated below, we analyze results both on the basis of GAAP translated
results and on the basis of local results translated at a constant exchange
rate. When we discuss constant exchange rate information below, we translated
on the basis of the average exchange rates for the year ended December 31,
2000.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the International Insurance segment's
operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1):
International Insurance, excluding
Gibraltar Life........................ $1,555 $1,408 $ 1,920 $ 1,522 $ 1,090
Gibraltar Life......................... 1,401 -- -- -- --
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
2,956 1,408 1,920 1,522 1,090
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Benefits and expenses(2):
International Insurance, excluding
Gibraltar Life........................ 1,301 1,197 1,624 1,304 946
Gibraltar Life......................... 1,216 -- -- -- --
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
2,517 1,197 1,624 1,304 946
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 439 $ 211 $ 296 $ 218 $ 144
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on dividends to policyholders.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $228
million from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001.
Results of Gibraltar Life, which we include in our results from April 2, 2001,
the date of the reorganization, through August 31, 2001, contributed $185
million to the increase in adjusted operating income. The International
Insurance segment reported adjusted operating income of $202 million for the
third quarter of 2001, including $126 million from Gibraltar Life.
The $185 million adjusted operating income reported by Gibraltar Life
reflected revenues of $1.401 billion and benefits and expenses of $1.216
billion. Gibraltar Life's revenues were comprised primarily of $1.202 billion
of premiums, policy charges and fees, and $197 million net investment income,
and its benefits and expenses were comprised primarily of $953 million of
policy benefits including changes in reserves and $260 million of operating
expenses. As a result of Gibraltar Life's recent emergence from reorganization
proceedings and the reduction in benefits for in force policies, when we
established Gibraltar Life's initial liability for future policy benefits, we
assumed a higher than normal level of policy surrenders for the near term. Our
surrender rate assumptions for Gibraltar Life's years of operations,
commencing at the date of reorganization, are 6% in the first year and 4%
thereafter for paid-up policies and 2% to 38% in the first year, 3% to 14% in
the second year, and 6% to 10% thereafter for premium paying policies,
although the actual surrender rates we experience may differ materially from
our assumptions. Gibraltar Life's adjusted operating income for the initial
five-month period included in our results benefited from gains on policy
surrenders of about $50 million. Substantially all of this contribution to
adjusted operating income resulted from a high level of surrenders due to
customer response to the initial impact of policy changes introduced as part
of Gibraltar Life's reorganization. These surrenders, which are significantly
greater than the level we expect on an ongoing basis, are not anticipated to
have a material adverse impact on future results from Gibraltar Life. Future
surrender experience in the near term may be significantly different from the
levels we assumed, and our future adjusted operating income will be sensitive
to differences in actual surrender experience from our assumptions,
particularly during an initial period of about two years from the date of
reorganization. We estimate that every 1% of in force policies that surrender
in excess of our assumed level would contribute $40 to $50 million to our
adjusted operating income for the period of the surrenders, and conversely
that for every 1% of in force policies that surrender below our assumed level,
our reported adjusted operating income would be negatively affected by $40 to
$50 million.
128
Adjusted operating income, excluding the impact of the Gibraltar Life
acquisition discussed above, increased $43 million, or 20%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Adjusted operating
income for the first nine months of 2001 benefited $8 million from a
refinement in the methodology used to calculate reserves in our Korean
operations. Excluding this item, adjusted operating income increased $35
million, or 17%. The increase came from improved results both from our
operations in countries other than Japan and our Japanese insurance
operations. Our operations in countries other than Japan produced break-even
results for the first nine months of 2001, excluding the reserve refinement,
compared to an operating loss of $19 million for the first nine months of
2000, as increased profits from our operations in Korea and Taiwan offset
continued costs associated with our expansion into additional countries. Our
Japanese insurance operations reported continuing improved results, with
adjusted operating income of $246 million in the first nine months of 2001
compared to $230 million in the first nine months of 2000, due to strong
persistency and new sales, partially offset by less favorable mortality
experience during the first half of the year.
The segment's increase in adjusted operating income includes the unfavorable
effect of year over year fluctuations in currency exchange rates as well as
the impact of our hedging at expected exchange rates. On a constant exchange
rate basis and excluding the impact of currency hedging, adjusted operating
income, including results of Gibraltar Life, increased $272 million.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $78
million, or 36%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase resulted from continuing
improved results from our Japanese insurance operations, from $240 million in
1999 to $315 million in 2000, which experienced continued growth in insurance
in force due to strong persistency and new sales. Our operations in countries
other than Japan resulted in operating losses of $19 million in 2000 and $22
million in 1999, as improved operating income from our Korean insurance
operations was partially offset by increased costs associated with our
expansion into additional countries. The segment's increase in adjusted
operating income includes the favorable effect of year over year fluctuations
in currency exchange rates as well as the impact of our hedging at expected
exchange rates. On a constant exchange rate basis and excluding the impact of
currency hedging, adjusted operating income increased $45 million, or 19%.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $74
million, or 51%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase resulted primarily from
continuing improved results from our Japanese operations, from $161 million in
1998 to $240 million in 1999, which experienced continued growth in insurance
in force due to increased sales and favorable persistency as well as improved
mortality experience, partially offset by costs associated with expanding
operations to other countries. Our operations in countries other than Japan
resulted in operating losses of $22 million in 1999 and $17 million in 1998.
The increase in these operating losses reflected higher costs associated with
our expansion into additional countries. The segment's increase in adjusted
operating income includes the favorable effect of year over year fluctuations
in currency exchange rates as well as the impact of our hedging at expected
exchange rates. On a constant exchange rate basis and excluding the impact of
currency hedging, adjusted operating income increased $70 million, or 43%.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", increased $1.548 billion from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, including $1.401 billion from
Gibraltar Life. Excluding the impact of the Gibraltar Life acquisition,
revenues increased $147 million, or 10%, from the first nine months of 2000 to
the first nine months of 2001. The $147 million increase in revenues came
primarily from an increase in premium income of $116 million, or 9%, from
$1.235 billion in the first nine months of 2000 to $1.351 billion in the first
nine months of 2001. Premiums from our Korean operations increased $69
million, from $132 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $201 million in
the first nine months of 2001, as a result of increased sales and strong
persistency. Premiums in all other countries increased $47 million, from
$1.103 billion in the first nine months of 2000 to $1.150 billion in the first
nine months of 2001, primarily as a result of continued strong persistency and
new sales in Japan and Taiwan. On a constant exchange rate basis and excluding
the impact of currency hedging, total segment revenues increased $1.914
billion, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $398 million, or 26%,
from 1999 to 2000. The growth in revenues came primarily from an increase in
premium income of $335 million, from $1.345 billion in 1999 to $1.680 billion
in 2000. Premiums from our Japanese operations increased $227 million, from
$1.167 billion in 1999 to $1.394 billion in 2000, as a result of continued
strong persistency and new sales, as well as the
129
favorable impact of currency exchange fluctuations. Premiums in all other
countries increased $108 million, from $178 million in 1999 to $286 million in
2000, primarily as a result of increased sales and strong persistency in Korea
and Taiwan. Net investment income increased $30 million, from $99 million in
1999 to $129 million in 2000, as a result of the growth in invested assets
related to the increase in our business in force. On a constant exchange rate
basis and excluding the impact of currency hedging, revenues increased $306
million, or 19%, from 1999 to 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $432 million, or 40%,
from 1998 to 1999. The growth in revenues came primarily from an increase of
$386 million, or 40%, in premium income, from $959 million in 1998 to $1.345
billion in 1999. Premiums in Japan increased $312 million, from $855 million
in 1998 to $1.167 billion in 1999, as a result of growth in sales and
continued strong persistency as well as the favorable impact of currency
exchange fluctuations. Premiums in all other countries increased $74 million,
from $104 million in 1998 to $178 million in 1999, primarily as a result of
growth in business and new sales in Korea and Taiwan. Net investment income
increased $34 million, from $65 million in 1998 to $99 million in 1999, as a
result of the growth in invested assets related to the increase in our
business in force. On a constant exchange rate basis and excluding the impact
of currency hedging, revenues increased $302 million, or 23%.
Benefits and Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", increased $1.320 billion from the
first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, including $1.216
billion from Gibraltar Life. Excluding the impact of the Gibraltar Life
acquisition, benefits and expenses increased $104 million, or 9%, from the
first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The $104 million
increase in benefits and expenses came primarily from an increase of $81
million in policyholders' benefits, which includes the change in reserves for
future policy benefits. Policyholders' benefits increased from $941 million in
the first nine months of 2000 to $1.022 billion in the first nine months of
2001, primarily as a result of the greater volume of business in force, which
was driven by new sales, continued strong persistency and the aging of
business in force in markets where our operations are more mature. On a
constant exchange rate basis, total segment benefits and expenses increased
$1.643 billion.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $320
million, or 25%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase in benefits and expenses came
primarily from an increase of $235 million in policyholders' benefits, which
includes the change in reserves for future policy benefits. Policyholders'
benefits increased from $1.032 billion in 1999 to $1.267 billion in 2000,
primarily as a result of the greater volume of business in force, which was
driven by new sales and continued strong persistency, as well as the aging of
business in force in markets where our operations are more seasoned. The
remaining increase in benefits and expenses of $85 million reflected the
increase in administrative expenses associated with the greater volume of
business in force and increased expenses related to opening additional
agencies in existing markets and expansion into new markets. On a constant
exchange rate basis, benefits and expenses increased $261 million, or 19%.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses increased $358
million, or 38%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase in benefits and expenses came
primarily from an increase of $287 million in policyholders' benefits, which
includes the change in reserves for future policy benefits. Policyholders'
benefits increased from $745 million in 1998 to $1.032 billion in 1999
primarily as a result of the greater volume of business in force. The
remaining increase came primarily from administrative expenses associated with
the growth of business in force and expenses related to our expansion into
additional countries. On a constant exchange rate basis, benefits and expenses
increased $233 million, or 21%.
Sales Results
In managing our international insurance business, we analyze new annualized
premiums, which do not correspond to revenues under GAAP, as well as revenues,
because new annualized premiums measure the current sales performance of the
business unit, while revenues reflect the renewal persistency and aging of in
force policies written in prior years and net investment income in addition to
current sales.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. New annualized premiums increased $149
million, or 43%, from $347 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $496
million in the first nine months of 2001, including $54 million from Gibraltar
Life and reflecting the unfavorable impact of currency exchange rate
fluctuations. On a constant exchange rate basis, new annualized premiums
increased $214 million, or 62%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the
first nine months of 2001, including $62 million from Gibraltar Life. On that
basis, new
130
annualized premiums from our operations other than Gibraltar Life increased
$152 million, or 44%. The $152 million increase included $74 million from our
existing operation in Japan, reflecting an increase in the number of Life
Planners from 1,770 at September 30, 2000 to 1,944 at September 30, 2001 as
well as $28 million of new annualized premiums sold by the Gibraltar Life
sales force for our existing operation prior to the acquisition date. After
that date, the Gibraltar Life sales force has distributed only Gibraltar
products. For all countries other than Japan, also on a constant exchange rate
basis, new annualized premiums increased $78 million, or 77%, with $73 million
of the increase coming from our operations in Korea and Taiwan. The increase
in countries other than Japan reflects an increase in the number of Life
Planners, from 1,598 at September 30, 2000 to 2,055 at September 30, 2001 as
well as an increase in Life Planner productivity.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. New annualized premiums increased $111
million, or 28%, from $398 million in 1999 to $509 million in 2000, including
the favorable impact of currency exchange fluctuations. On a constant exchange
rate basis, new annualized premiums increased $93 million, or 22%. For all
countries other than Japan, on a constant exchange rate basis, new annualized
premiums increased $51 million, or 52%, with $44 million of the increase
coming from our operations in Korea and Taiwan. The increase in countries
other than Japan reflects an increase in the number of Life Planners, from
1,203 at December 31, 1999 to 1,684 at December 31, 2000, which we attribute
to our recruitment program and retention of existing Life Planners. New
annualized premiums in Japan, on a constant exchange rate basis, increased $42
million, or 13%, reflecting an increase in the number of Life Planners from
1,681 at December 31, 1999 to 1,811 at December 31, 2000. As discussed below
under "--Investment Margins and Other Profitability Factors", in April 1999
Japanese regulators approved a reduction in the required interest rates for
most of the products we sell due to the low interest rate environment in that
country. We believe that customer purchases of life insurance in 1999 in
anticipation of this change before it was implemented benefited 1999 sales,
partially offsetting the impact of additional Life Planners in 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. New annualized premiums increased $128
million, or 47%, from $270 million in 1998 to $398 million in 1999, including
the favorable impact of currency exchange fluctuations. On a constant exchange
rate basis, new annualized premiums increased $92 million, or 28%. In Japan,
new annualized premiums on a constant exchange rate basis increased $47
million, or 17%, from 1998 to 1999. For all other countries combined, also on
a constant exchange rate basis, new annualized premiums increased $45 million,
or 83%, with $33 million of the increase from our operations in Korea. These
increases are primarily a result of new business generated by increased
numbers of Life Planners.
Investment Margins and Other Profitability Factors
Many of our insurance products sold in international markets provide for the
buildup of cash values for the policyholder at mandated guaranteed interest
rates. The spread between the actual investment returns and these guaranteed
rates of return to the policyholder is an element of the profit or loss that
we will experience on these products. Interest rates guaranteed in our
Japanese insurance contracts are regulated by Japanese authorities. Between
July 1, 1996 and April 1, 1999, we guaranteed premium rates using an interest
rate of 3.1% on most of the products we sell even though the yield on Japanese
government and high-quality corporate bonds was less than that much of this
time. This resulted in some negative investment spreads over this period. As a
consequence, our profitability with respect to these products in Japan during
that period resulted primarily from margins on mortality charges and expenses.
In response to the low interest rate environment, Japanese regulators approved
a reduction in the required rates for most of the products we sell to 2.35% in
April of 1999, which has allowed us to charge higher premiums on new business
for the same amount of insurance. While this has also resulted in an
improvement in investment spreads, the profitability of these products in
Japan continues to result primarily from margins on mortality charges and
expenses. In 2001, Japanese regulators approved further reductions in the
required interest rates applicable to most of the products we sell. As a
result, we increased premium rates on most of our products sold in Japan when
the new rates were implemented, in April 2001 for some products and in October
2001 for other products. Additionally, interest rates on our guaranteed
products sold in Korea are regulated by Korean authorities, who implemented,
in April 2001, a reduction in the required rates for most of the products we
sell, allowing us to charge higher premiums on new business for the same
amount of insurance. While these actions enhance our ability to set rates
commensurate with available investment returns, the major sources of
profitability on our products in Korea, as in Japan, are margins from
mortality and expense charges rather than investment spreads.
We base premiums and cash values in the countries in which we operate on
mandated mortality tables. Our mortality experience in the International
Insurance segment on an overall basis for the nine months ended
131
September 30, 2001 and the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 was
well within our pricing assumptions and below the guaranteed levels reflected
in the premiums we charge.
International Securities and Investments
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the International Securities and Investments
segment's operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues............................... $413 $ 545 $ 704 $ 580 $ 532
Expenses............................... 454 494 678 565 519
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income.............. $ (41) $ 51 $ 26 $ 15 $ 13
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. The International Securities and
Investments segment reported a pre-tax loss of $41 million, on an adjusted
operating income basis, for the first nine months of 2001 compared to adjusted
operating income of $51 million for the first nine months of 2000. The $92
million decrease came from our international securities operations, including
our futures operations, reflecting the slowdown in equity markets which began
after the early part of 2000. In addition, adjusted operating income for the
first nine months of 2000 benefited from a $21 million gain from our interest
in the conversion of London Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock and Futures
Exchange seats into listed shares and trading rights. Losses from our
international investments operations amounted to $26 million in the first nine
months of 2001 and $31 million in the first nine months of 2000, as increased
expenses from the expansion of this developing business essentially offset its
revenue growth. The International Securities and Investments segment reported
a loss of $22 million on an adjusted operating income basis, for the third
quarter of 2001.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $11
million from 1999 to 2000. Adjusted operating income from our international
securities operations, including our futures operations, increased $30 million
in 2000 from 1999, including a $21 million gain in 2000 from our interest in
the conversion of stock exchange seats as discussed above. Our international
securities operations benefited from continued active U.S. equity markets,
particularly during the early part of 2000. An $11 million decline in adjusted
operating income from our futures operations due to reduced volatility in the
global commodity and foreign exchange markets in 2000 was a partial offset.
Losses from our international investments operations increased $19 million,
from $32 million in 1999 to $51 million in 2000, reflecting increased expenses
from the expansion of this developing business.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income was essentially
unchanged in 1999 from 1998. Adjusted operating income from our international
securities operations, including our futures operations, increased $26 million
in 1999 from 1998. Our international securities operations benefited from
active U.S. equity markets, and 1998 results for these operations include a
loss of $28 million from the sale and final closure of our Australian
securities operations. A $26 million decline in adjusted operating income from
our futures operations, resulting primarily from the introduction of the Euro
which decreased activity in the global foreign exchange markets in 1999, was a
partial offset. Losses from our international investments operations increased
$24 million, from $8 million in 1998 to $32 million in 1999, reflecting
increased expenses from the expansion of this developing business.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $132 million, or 24%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The decrease came from a
$154 million decrease in revenues from our international securities
operations, which include our futures operations. The $154 million decrease
came primarily from lower commission revenues associated with reduced
transaction volume, reflecting the less active equity markets in comparison to
the first nine months of 2000 which benefited from exceptionally active equity
markets in the early part of the year. In
132
addition, revenues for the first nine months of 2000 included the $21 million
gain from our interest in the conversion of stock exchange seats as noted
above. Revenues from our international investments operations increased $22
million, primarily from asset management fees and commissions earned by
recently acquired units.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $124 million, or 21%,
from 1999 to 2000. The increase came primarily from a $106 million increase in
revenues from our international securities operations. The increase reflected
higher commission revenues associated with increased transaction volume,
primarily due to active U.S. equity markets particularly during the early part
of 2000, higher fee revenues from a London-based broker and asset manager that
we acquired in 1999, and the $21 million gain from our interest in the
conversion of stock exchange seats as noted above. The increase in revenues
also reflects an increase in the number of international Financial Advisors to
620 at December 31, 2000 from 577 a year earlier. The remainder of the
increase in revenues came from our international investments operations,
reflecting their expansion as noted above.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $48 million, or 9%, from
1998 to 1999. Revenues for 1998 include $21 million related to the Australian
securities operations, which were closed in the fourth quarter of 1998.
Excluding the impact of 1998 revenues of the Australian securities operations,
revenues increased by $69 million, or 14%, from $511 million in 1998 to $580
million in 1999. This increase was primarily driven by an $84 million increase
in revenues from the remaining international securities operations, reflecting
increased transaction volume primarily associated with active U.S. equity
markets, and growth in assets under management and client assets of
approximately $9 billion which included nearly $4 billion of assets under
management and client assets of a London-based broker and asset manager that
we acquired in 1999. The increases in assets under management and client
assets, and revenues, reflected an increase in the number of international
Financial Advisors from 456 at the end of 1998 to 577 at the end of 1999. A
$20 million decrease in revenues from our futures operations, due to lower
levels of activity in the global foreign exchange markets in 1999, partially
offset the increased revenues from international securities operations.
Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Expenses, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $40 million, or 8%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. Expenses of our international
securities operations decreased $57 million, due primarily to decreases in
revenue-based compensation costs. Expenses of our international investments
operations increased $17 million, reflecting expenses from recently acquired
units.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $113 million, or 20%,
from 1999 to 2000. Expenses of our international securities operations
increased $76 million, primarily as a result of increased compensation paid to
Financial Advisors on higher commission revenues, increased formula-based and
incentive compensation on higher revenues and earnings, increased expenses
from a London-based broker and asset manager that we acquired in 1999 and
costs to expand our securities operations in Asia and Latin America. Expenses
of our international investment operations increased $37 million, reflecting
expenses from the development of this business.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $46 million, or 9%, from
1998 to 1999. Expenses for 1998 included approximately $50 million related to
the Australian securities operations, which were closed in the fourth quarter
of 1998. Excluding the impact of 1998 expenses of the Australian securities
operations, expenses increased $96 million, or 20%, from $469 million in 1998
to $565 million in 1999. The increase was primarily driven by a $59 million
increase from our remaining international securities operations, reflecting
higher compensation paid to Financial Advisors on higher commission revenues,
increased formula-based and incentive compensation on higher revenues and
earnings, and expansion of our product, distribution and research
capabilities, including the acquisition noted above. Expenses of our
international investment operations increased $29 million, reflecting expenses
from the development of this business.
Asset Management Division
The Asset Management division, through our Investment Management and
Advisory Services segment, receives asset-based management fees from the
businesses of the U.S. Consumer and Employee Benefits divisions, from third
parties, and also from the Traditional Participating Products segment. The
Other Asset Management segment includes our commercial mortgage securitization
operations and investment research
133
activities supporting our Private Client Group operations. This segment also
participates in securities underwritings where our research efforts are
attractive to issuers and lead underwriters, engages in equity securities
sales and trading, manages our hedge portfolios, and engages in proprietary
investments and syndications. We include the division's asset-based management
fees in the line captioned "commissions and other income" in our consolidated
statement of operations.
The Asset Management division pays the expenses of its own portfolio
managers for asset management and the expenses of its own proprietary sales
force for distribution of products to third parties.
Profitability of the Asset Management division depends primarily on our
ability to develop and retain a base of assets under management, both through
the U.S. Consumer and Employee Benefits divisions and directly from third
parties, on which we can earn asset-based fees, and to manage the level of
expenses incurred in the management of those assets. We generally base asset
management fees on the market value of the underlying assets and, accordingly,
profitability varies as these market values change due to external factors,
such as securities market conditions and interest rates and other factors that
may affect the values of particular investments. We also earn transaction-
based and performance-based fees which depend on such external factors. In
addition, revenue streams, including mark-to-market adjustments, from our
commercial mortgage securitizations and hedge portfolios are subject to market
fluctuations.
Division Results
The following table sets forth the Asset Management division's results for
the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------- -------- -------- -------
(in millions)
Division operating results:
Revenues(1).......................... $931 $ 1,005 $ 1,344 $ 1,137 $ 993
Benefits and expenses................ 776 769 1,068 885 827
----- ------- -------- -------- ------
Adjusted operating income............ $155 $ 236 $ 276 $ 252 $ 166
===== ======= ======== ======== ======
Adjusted operating income by segment:
Investment Management and Advisory
Services............................ $91 $ 128 $ 154 $ 155 $ 144
Other Asset Management............... 64 108 122 97 22
----- ------- -------- -------- ------
Total.............................. 155 236 276 252 166
Items excluded from adjusted operating
income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses.............................. (8) 2 1 1 1
----- ------- -------- -------- ------
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes.................. $147 $ 238 $ 277 $ 253 $ 167
===== ======= ======== ======== ======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our Asset
Management division decreased $81 million, or 34%, in the first nine months of
2001 from the first nine months of 2000, due to declines from both segments in
the division. Income from continuing operations before income taxes decreased
$91 million, or 38%, primarily as a result of the decrease in adjusted
operating income.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our Asset
Management division increased $24 million, or 10%, in 2000 from 1999, due to
an increase from the Other Asset Management segment. Income from continuing
operations before income taxes increased $24 million, or 9%, as a result of
the increase in adjusted operating income.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income of our Asset
Management division increased $86 million, or 52%, in 1999 from 1998,
primarily due to an increase of $75 million from the Other Asset Management
segment. Income from continuing operations before income taxes increased $86
million, or 51%, as a result of the increase in adjusted operating income.
134
Investment Management and Advisory Services
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Investment Management and Advisory
Services segment's operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)............................. $618 $ 647 $ 874 $ 768 $ 740
Expenses................................ 527 519 720 613 596
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 91 $ 128 $ 154 $ 155 $ 144
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $37
million, or 29%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months
of 2001, due primarily to lower earnings from asset management resulting from
declines in market value of the underlying assets on which our fees are based.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income was flat from 1999
to 2000. Although revenues increased, the increase was essentially offset
primarily by expenses related to the consolidation of substantially all of our
public equity management capabilities into our Jennison unit.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $11
million, or 8%, from 1998 to 1999. The increase resulted primarily from
increased revenues from management of institutional and retail customer
assets, reflecting growth in assets under management partially offset by a
decline in revenues from management of our general account and increased
expenses associated with the expansion of our asset management capabilities
and compensation charges that are linked to revenues.
Revenues
The following table sets forth the Investment Management and Advisory
Services segment's revenues, as shown in the table above under "--Operating
Results", by source for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Revenues:
Retail customers(1)...................... $ 159 $ 186 $ 244 $ 225 $ 203
Institutional customers.................. 294 297 409 322 296
General account.......................... 165 164 221 221 241
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total revenue.......................... $ 618 $ 647 $ 874 $ 768 $ 740
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Consists of individual mutual funds and both variable annuities and
variable life insurance in our separate accounts. Fixed annuities and the
fixed rate options of both variable annuities and variable life insurance
are included in general account. Also includes funds invested in
proprietary mutual funds through our defined contribution plan products.
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $29 million, or 4%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The decrease was principally
a result of a decline of $27 million, or 15%, in revenues from management of
retail customer assets, primarily as a result of market value declines on
publicly traded equity securities which resulted in a lower average level of
assets under management.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $106 million, or 14%,
from 1999 to 2000. The increase was principally a result of an $87 million
increase in revenues from management of institutional
135
customer assets, which included $32 million of mortgage origination and
servicing revenues from a subsidiary we acquired in 2000. The remainder of the
increase came primarily from a $25 million performance incentive fee as well
as increased revenue from our real estate and private equity advisory
businesses.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $28 million, or 4%, from
1998 to 1999. Increases of $26 million from management of institutional
customer assets, primarily from our real estate advisory business, and $22
million from management of retail customer assets were partially offset by a
$20 million decline in revenues from management of our general account assets
due to a decline in market value of fixed income securities from rising
interest rates as well as net asset outflows.
Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Expenses, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", increased $8 million, or 2%, from the first nine
months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001, primarily due to expenses
related to the mortgage origination and servicing activities of the subsidiary
we acquired in June 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $107 million, or 17%,
from 1999 to 2000. The increase reflected approximately $40 million of
expenses related to the consolidation of substantially all of our public
equity management capabilities into our Jennison unit and $24 million of
expenses related to the mortgage origination and servicing activities of the
subsidiary we acquired in 2000. The remainder of the increase came primarily
from compensation charges that are linked to revenues and costs to expand our
domestic and European proprietary investment activities.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $17 million, or 3%, from
1998 to 1999, primarily as a result of increased expenses associated with the
expansion of our domestic and international asset management capabilities and
compensation charges that are linked to revenues.
Other Asset Management
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Other Asset Management segment's
operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
------------- -----------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues................................ $ 313 $ 358 $ 470 $ 369 $ 253
Expenses................................ 249 250 348 272 231
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income............... $ 64 $ 108 $ 122 $ 97 $ 22
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Adjusted Operating Income
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $44
million, or 41%, in the first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months
of 2000. The decrease came from a $42 million decrease from our equity sales
and trading operations, reflecting a decline in our revenues from principal
trading activities supporting retail and institutional customers. Results from
our commercial mortgage securitization operations and hedge portfolios were
essentially unchanged. As of September 30, 2001, the hedge portfolios held
assets, including both principal positions and securities financing positions,
of approximately $4.0 billion, compared to $7.9 billion at December 31, 2000.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $25
million, or 26%, from 1999 to 2000. The increase came primarily from a $26
million increase in adjusted operating income from our equity sales and
trading operations, from $54 million in 1999 to $80 million in 2000, primarily
due to increased trading volume in the equity markets during the first four
months of 2000. Results from our commercial mortgage securitization operations
and hedge portfolios were essentially unchanged in 2000 from 1999. As of
December 31, 2000, the hedge portfolios held assets, including both principal
positions and securities financing positions, of approximately $7.9 billion,
compared to $5.9 billion a year earlier.
136
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $75
million from 1998 to 1999. The increase came from improvements in adjusted
operating income from each of the segment's business lines. The commercial
mortgage securitization operations produced $41 million of the increase, with
an additional $21 million from our hedge portfolios.
Our commercial mortgage securitization operation reported adjusted operating
income of $22 million for 1999, which came primarily from market value
increases on financial instruments used to hedge the value of mortgages in
inventory due to tightening of credit spreads and a rise in interest rates,
compared to $19 million of losses in 1998.
The hedge portfolios initiated investing activities during the second
quarter of 1998 and had no significant results during 1998. The portfolios'
trading strategies resulted in adjusted operating income of $21 million in
1999. At December 31, 1999, the portfolios held assets, including both
principal positions and securities financing positions, of approximately $5.9
billion, compared to $3.9 billion a year earlier.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $45 million, or 13%, from the first
nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001. The decrease came from a
$50 million decline in revenues from our equity sales and trading operations,
from $303 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $253 million in the
first nine months of 2001. Revenues in the first nine months of 2001 were
negatively affected by reduced revenues from principal trading supporting
retail and institutional customers, while the first nine months of 2000
benefited from exceptionally active equity securities markets during the first
four months of the year. The reduced principal trading revenues we experienced
in the first nine months of 2001 reflected lower transaction volume in the
equity securities markets resulting from decreased individual investor trading
activity, as well as reduced securities trading spreads.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $101 million, or 27%,
from 1999 to 2000. The increase came from a $102 million increase in revenues
from our equity sales and trading operations, from $302 million in 1999 to
$404 million in 2000. The equity sales and trading operations benefited from
increased volume from retail activity associated with the strength of the
technology sector early in 2000, as well as increased transaction volume from
institutional clients.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $116 million, or 46%,
from 1998 to 1999. Revenues from our commercial mortgage securitization
operations increased $49 million, primarily from market value increases on
financial instruments used to hedge the value of mortgages in inventory as
noted above. Revenues from our equity sales and trading operations increased
$46 million, primarily due to increased transaction volume. Revenues from the
hedge portfolios increased $21 million.
Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Expenses, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", were flat from the first nine months of 2000 to
the first nine months of 2001. Expenses from our equity sales and trading
operations decreased $8 million, from $236 million in the first nine months of
2000 to $228 million in the first nine months of 2001, reflecting decreased
compensation expenses driven by the declines in revenue and earnings. This
decrease was offset by increased mortgage origination and closing expenses
from our commercial mortgage securitization operations resulting from higher
loan volume.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $76 million, or 28%, from
1999 to 2000. The increase came from an increase of $76 million in our equity
sales and trading operations, from $248 million in 1999 to $324 million in
2000, reflecting increased employee compensation expenses driven by increased
revenue and earnings as well as increased expenses to expand our equity
research capabilities.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Expenses increased $41 million, or 18%, from
1998 to 1999. The increase came primarily from an increase of $35 million in
our equity sales and trading operations, from $213 million in 1998 to $248
million in 1999, reflecting increased employee compensation expenses driven by
increased revenue and earnings as well as increased expenses to expand our
equity research capabilities.
Corporate and Other Operations
Corporate and Other operations includes corporate-level activities that we
do not allocate to our business segments. It also consists of international
ventures, divested businesses and businesses that we have placed in
137
wind-down status, but that we have not divested. The latter businesses include
individual health insurance, group credit insurance and Canadian life
insurance. The divested businesses include the lead-managed equity
underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income businesses
of Prudential Securities, Gibraltar Casualty Company, a Canadian life
insurance subsidiary, and our divested residential first mortgage banking
business. As previously discussed, we exclude the gains, losses and
contributions to income/loss of the divested businesses from adjusted
operating income.
The following table and discussion present results of these activities based
on our definition of adjusted operating income, which is a non-GAAP measure,
as well as income from continuing operations before income taxes, which is
prepared in accordance with GAAP. As shown below, in addition to the gains,
losses and contributions to income/loss of divested businesses, adjusted
operating income excludes realized investment gains, net of losses, sales
practices remedies and costs and demutualization expenses.
The excluded items are important to an understanding of our overall results
of operations. You should not view adjusted operating income as a substitute
for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with GAAP, and
you should note that our definition of adjusted operating income may differ
from that used by other companies. However, we believe that the presentation
of adjusted operating income as we measure it for management purposes enhances
the understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the results
from ongoing operations and the underlying profitability factors of our
businesses. We exclude realized investment gains, net of losses because the
timing of transactions resulting in recognition of gains or losses is largely
at our discretion and the amount of these gains or losses is heavily
influenced by and fluctuates in part according to the availability of market
opportunities. Including the fluctuating effects of these transactions could
distort trends in the underlying profitability of our businesses. We exclude
sales practices remedies and costs because they relate to a substantial and
identifiable non-recurring event. We exclude the gains and losses and
contribution to income/loss of divested businesses because, as a result of our
decision to dispose of these businesses, these results are not relevant to the
profitability of our ongoing operations and could distort the trends
associated with our ongoing businesses. We exclude demutualization expenses
because they are directly related to our demutualization and could distort the
trends associated with our business operations.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Adjusted operating income:
Corporate-level activities(1)..... $ 70 $ 68 $ (22) $ 126 $ (141)
Other businesses:
International ventures.......... (22) (19) (32) (11) (2)
Other........................... 7 28 50 22 109
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total......................... 55 77 (4) 137 (34)
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Sales practices remedies and
costs............................ -- -- -- (100) (1,150)
Realized investment gains, net of
losses........................... 112 (107) (280) 357 85
Divested businesses............... (122) (69) (636) (47) (196)
Demutualization expenses.......... (199) (113) (143) (75) (24)
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes.... $ (154) $ (212) $(1,063) $ 272 $(1,319)
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Includes consolidating adjustments.
Corporate-level activities consist primarily of corporate-level income and
expenses not allocated to any of our business segments, including costs for
company-wide initiatives such as enhancement of our Internet capabilities and
income from our qualified pension plans, as well as investment returns on our
unallocated equity, which is capital that is not deployed in any of our
segments. Our Corporate and Other operations also include returns from
investments that we do not allocate to any of our business segments, including
a debt-financed investment portfolio, and transactions with other segments.
Our policy is to include expenses incurred by corporate-level functions such
as operations and systems, human resources, financial management, auditing,
law and compliance in the operating results of our business segments to the
extent that the expenses are either directly or indirectly attributable to the
operations of the segment. We include expenses incurred by corporate-level
functions that are not allocated to any of our business segments, such as
research and development pertaining to company-wide information technology
applications or marketing expenses not specific to a particular business unit,
in corporate-level activities.
138
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Corporate and Other operations resulted
in adjusted operating income of $55 million in the first nine months of 2001
and $77 million in the first nine months of 2000, a decrease of $22 million.
Other businesses included in Corporate and Other operations resulted in
adjusted operating income of $7 million in the first nine months of 2001
compared to $28 million in the first nine months of 2000. The $21 million
decline was primarily due to the benefit to first nine months 2000 results
from reductions of reserves for future claims in our remaining Canadian
insurance operations and our wind-down group credit insurance operations.
Corporate-level activities resulted in adjusted operating income of $70
million in the first nine months of 2001 and $68 million in the first nine
months of 2000.
Income from our own qualified pension plan amounted to $405 million in the
first nine months of 2001, compared to $310 million in the first nine months
of 2000. The $95 million increase came primarily from increased income on
pension assets and amortization of deferred gains. This income is partially
offset in our consolidated results by charges for our other retirement plans
allocated both to Corporate and Other operations and our business segments. On
a consolidated basis, our net pension credit related to continuing operations
amounted to $346 million in the first nine months of 2001 and $271 million in
the first nine months of 2000. The contribution to adjusted operating income
from income from our own qualified pension plan has increased during recent
periods. We expect that income from our own qualified pension plan will
contribute to adjusted operating income for the fourth quarter of 2001 at
about the same rate as that of the first nine months of the year, and that
this contribution will decline by about 10% in 2002. The increase in income
from our own qualified pension plan was offset, in large measure, by
reductions in investment income from our debt-financed investment portfolio
and from invested assets that we held pending disbursement for sales practices
remedies and costs. Investment income from the debt-financed investment
portfolio, net of interest expense, contributed $33 million to adjusted
operating income for the first nine months of 2001 compared to $62 million for
the first nine months of 2000, as a result of a decline in the assets in the
portfolio to approximately $749 million at September 30, 2001 from $4.5
billion a year earlier. We have taken actions to reduce this portfolio and
repay the related borrowings, and expect that we will continue to do so.
Accordingly, we expect that the contribution to adjusted operating income from
this debt-financed portfolio will decline in future periods. Income from
invested assets related to sales practices remedies and costs declined $25
million as disbursements were made to satisfy these liabilities. Hedging
losses retained at the corporate level increased $28 million, from $15 million
in the first nine months of 2000 to $43 million in the first nine months of
2001.
General and administrative expenses at the corporate level, on a gross basis
before qualified pension income, amounted to $445 million in the first nine
months of 2001 compared to $444 million in the first nine months of 2000. We
expect general and administrative expenses at the corporate level, including
costs for company-wide technology development, for the entire year 2001 to be
at approximately the same level as those of 2000. Subsequent to the
demutualization, we expect to incur additional expenses associated with
servicing our stockholder base, including mailing and printing fees, of up to
$60 million annually.
Income from continuing operations before income taxes amounted to a loss of
$154 million for the first nine months of 2001 compared to a loss of $212
million for the first nine months of 2000. The $58 million reduction in the
loss came primarily from a $219 million increase in realized investment gains,
net of losses. An $86 million increase in demutualization expenses and a $53
million increase in losses from divested businesses, primarily from the former
lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed
income businesses of Prudential Securities, as well as the $22 million decline
in adjusted operating income were partial offsets.
For a discussion of sales practices remedies and costs, realized investment
gains, net of losses, divested businesses and demutualization costs and
expenses, see "--Consolidated Results of Operations--Sales Practices Remedies
and Costs", "--Realized Investment Gains", "--Divested Businesses" and
"--Demutualization Costs and Expenses".
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Corporate and Other operations resulted in a
pre-tax loss of $4 million in 2000, compared to pre-tax income of $137 million
in 1999, on an adjusted operating income basis. The $141 million decline came
primarily from corporate-level activities.
139
Corporate-level activities resulted in a pre-tax loss of $22 million in
2000, compared to pre-tax income of $126 million in 1999. The $148 million
decline resulted primarily from a one-time $114 million reduction of
liabilities for our own employee benefits that we recorded in 1999 due to a
clarification of law that led us to take into account previously unrecognized
assets in that amount. Corporate-level activities benefited from income
related to our own qualified pension plan amounting to $415 million in 2000
compared to $197 million in 1999, an increase of $218 million. This income is
partially offset in our consolidated results by charges for our other
retirement plans allocated both to Corporate and Other operations and our
business segments. On a consolidated basis, our net pension credit related to
continuing operations amounted to $362 million in 2000 and $201 million in
1999. The increase in pension plan income came primarily from a reduction in
the number of plan participants due to the sale of our healthcare operations
in 1999, increased income on pension assets and amortization of deferred
gains. Amendments to our pension and postretirement plans in 2000 did not have
a material effect on our results of operations. The $218 million increase in
qualified pension plan income was offset by an increase in general and
administrative expenses, and a reduction of investment income net of interest
expense at the corporate level. General and administrative expenses at the
corporate level, on a gross basis before qualified pension income, were $687
million in 2000 compared to $576 million in 1999. The $111 million increase
came primarily from costs incurred during 2000 for company-wide technology
development including enhancement of our Internet capabilities. The decrease
in investment income net of interest expense, from $386 million in 1999 to
$287 million in 2000, resulted primarily from a reduction in invested assets
related to sales practices remedies and costs as disbursements were made to
satisfy these liabilities.
Income from continuing operations before income taxes declined $1.335
billion, from $272 million in 1999 to a loss of $1.063 billion in 2000. The
increase in losses came primarily from a $637 million decline in realized
investment gains, net of losses, and from the former lead-managed underwriting
and institutional fixed income businesses of Prudential Securities, as well as
the $141 million decline in adjusted operating income and a $68 million
increase in demutualization expenses.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Corporate and Other operations resulted in
pre-tax income of $137 million in 1999, compared to a $34 million pre-tax loss
in 1998, on an adjusted operating income basis. The $171 million improvement
came primarily from corporate-level activities.
Corporate-level activities resulted in pre-tax income of $126 million in
1999, compared to a pre-tax loss of $141 million in 1998. The $267 million
improvement in these results was due in part to a one-time $114 million
reduction of liabilities for our own employee benefits arising from a
clarification of law that led us to take into account previously unrecognized
assets in that amount. In addition, investment income, net of interest expense
at the corporate level, increased $63 million from $323 million in 1998 to
$386 million in 1999 primarily as a result of expansion of our debt-financed
corporate investment portfolio, lower average interest rates on corporate
borrowings and a greater level of unallocated equity. The remainder of the
reduction in pre-tax losses from corporate-level activities came primarily
from a $37 million improvement from currency fluctuation exposure assumed from
our International Insurance segment under an internal hedging program. Results
from corporate-level activities benefited from income related to our own
qualified pension plan amounting to $197 million in 1999 and $179 million in
1998. This income is partially offset in our consolidated results by charges
for our other retirement plans allocated both to Corporate and Other
operations and our business segments. On a consolidated basis, our net pension
credit related to continuing operations amounted to $201 million in 1999 and
$159 million in 1998. General and administrative expenses at the corporate
level, on a gross basis before qualified pension plan income, amounted to $576
million in 1999 and $570 million in 1998.
Other businesses included in Corporate and Other operations contributed pre-
tax income of $22 million in 1999 compared to $109 million in 1998. The $87
million decline was primarily due to results from our wind-down group credit
insurance operations and our remaining Canadian insurance operations. Our
wind-down group credit insurance operations recorded a pre-tax loss of $6
million in 1999, compared to a pre-tax gain of $53 million in 1998. The 1998
pre-tax income came from a $55 million release of reserves for credit
insurance premium refunds and related administration costs that were
established in 1997 under a remediation program. Our remaining Canadian
insurance operations recorded pre-tax income of $19 million in 1999, compared
to $60 million pre-tax income in 1998. The $41 million decrease primarily
resulted from inclusion in 1998 results of a $39 million reduction in the
reserves relating to this retained business that we originally established at
the time of the sale of the Canadian branch of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America, in 1996.
Income from continuing operations before income taxes improved $1.591
billion, from a loss of $1.319 billion in 1998 to $272 million in 1999. The
improvement came primarily from a $1.050 billion decrease in
140
charges for sales practices remedies and costs, an increase of $272 million in
realized investment gains, net of losses, and the $171 million improvement in
adjusted operating income, as well as a $149 million reduction in losses from
divested businesses, partially offset by a $51 million increase in
demutualization expenses.
Traditional Participating Products Segment
The Traditional Participating Products segment includes our domestic in
force participating policies and assets that will be used for the payment of
benefits on these policies, including policyholder dividends, as well as other
assets and equity that support these policies. In connection with our
demutualization, we will cease offering these domestic participating products.
At the end of each year, the Board of Directors of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America determines the dividends payable for participating policies
for the following year based on its statutory results and past experience,
including investment income, net realized gains over a number of years,
mortality experience and other factors.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth the Traditional Participating Products
segment's operating results for the periods indicated.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues(1)........................ $6,140 $6,331 $ 8,611 $ 8,356 $ 8,332
Benefits and expenses(2)........... 5,851 6,030 8,064 8,040 8,126
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating income.......... 289 301 547 316 206
Items excluded from adjusted
operating income:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses and related charges:
Realized investment gains, net of
losses............................ (273) 65 91 338 1,697
Related charges(3)................. (399) (318) (445) (310) (236)
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Total realized investment gains,
net of losses and related
charges......................... (672) (253) (354) 28 1,461
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes................ $ (383) $ 48 $ 193 $ 344 $ 1,667
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Revenues exclude realized investment gains, net of losses.
(2) Benefits and expenses exclude the impact of net realized investment gains
on dividends to policyholders.
(3) Related charges consist of the portion of dividends to policyholders
attributable to realized investment gains, net of losses.
Adjusted Operating Income and Income from Continuing Operations Before
Income Taxes
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Adjusted operating income decreased $12
million, or 4%, in the first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months of
2000. The decrease in adjusted operating income reflected a $161 million
increase in policyholder benefits and related reserves, including $160 million
of reserves established in the first nine months of 2001 for death and other
benefits due with respect to policies for which we have not received a death
claim but where death has occurred. We have made substantial efforts to
identify policyholders for whom we lack current information and the $160
million reserve recorded represents a revision to our past estimate of
incurred but not reported death claims. Since this liability was not taken
into account in establishing the Closed Block, upon demutualization it will
become a liability of the Financial Services Businesses, and any subsequent
reestimation of the reserve (upward or downward) will be included in adjusted
operating income of the Financial Services Businesses. Additionally, the
effect of aging of policies in force on policyholder benefits and related
reserves exceeded the growth in returns on the underlying assets. These
developments were partially offset by a $146 million reduction in the charge
for policyholder dividends, a $49 million reduction in amortization of
deferred policy acquisition costs, and a $41 million decline in operating
expenses. The $146 million reduction in the charge for policyholder dividends,
which excludes the portion of the dividend related to net realized investment
gains, reflects dividend scale changes for 2002. Income from continuing
operations before income taxes amounted to a loss of $383 million in the first
nine months of 2001, compared to income of $48 million in the first nine
months of 2000, with the decline primarily due to a
141
$419 million decrease in realized investment gains, net of losses and related
charges. For a discussion of realized investment gains and losses, and charges
related to realized investment gains and losses, see "--Consolidated Results
of Operations --Realized Investment Gains".
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $231
million, or 73%, in 2000 from 1999. The increase came primarily from a $180
million increase in investment income, net of interest expense, and a $93
million decline in operating expenses. Income from continuing operations
before income taxes decreased $151 million, or 44%, in 2000 from 1999,
primarily as a result of a $382 million decline in realized investment gains,
net of losses and related charges, partially offset by the increase in
adjusted operating income.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Adjusted operating income increased $110
million, or 53%, in 1999 from 1998. The increase was primarily a result of a
$121 million decrease in operating expenses. Income from continuing operations
before income taxes decreased $1.323 billion, or 79%, from 1998 to 1999,
primarily as a result of a $1.433 billion decline in realized investment
gains, net of losses and related charges, partially offset by the increase in
adjusted operating income.
Revenues
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Revenues, as shown in the table above
under "--Operating Results", decreased $191 million, or 3%, in the first nine
months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. Premiums decreased $82
million, or 3%, from $3.181 billion in the first nine months of 2000 to $3.099
billion in the first nine months of 2001, as an increase in paid-up additions
which represent additional insurance purchased with policyholder dividends was
essentially offset by lower first year and renewal premiums. Net investment
income decreased $111 million, or 4%, from $3.062 billion in the first nine
months of 2000 to $2.951 billion in the first nine months of 2001. The
decrease reflects a decline in the general account invested assets supporting
this business due to a lower level of borrowing activity, and a lower
investment yield.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Revenues increased $255 million, or 3%, in
2000 from 1999. Premiums were relatively unchanged, amounting to $4.320
billion in 2000 and $4.276 billion in 1999, as an increase in paid-up
additions which represent additional insurance purchased with policyholder
dividends was essentially offset by lower first year and renewal premiums.
Paid-up additions, along with policyholder dividends, have continued to grow
as the average length of time our traditional whole life insurance policies
have been in force increases. The decline in first year and renewal premiums
reflects a shift in our sales during recent years away from traditional whole
life into variable life insurance products. We believe the trend from
traditional whole life to variable life reflects shifts in industry-wide
consumer demand, and we expect this trend to continue in the future. Net
investment income increased $261 million, or 7%, from $3.911 billion in 1999
to $4.172 billion in 2000. The increase, which was partially offset by an $81
million increase in interest expense, as discussed below, resulted from an
increase in investment yield and an increase in the base of general account
invested assets.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Revenues remained relatively unchanged in
1999 as compared to 1998. Premiums decreased $84 million, or 2%, from $4.360
billion in 1998 to $4.276 billion in 1999, as an increase in paid-up additions
was more than offset by the attrition of traditional whole life business that
resulted in a decline in renewal premiums from $2.780 billion in 1998 to
$2.633 billion in 1999. The decline in renewal premiums reflects the trend
from traditional whole life to variable life as discussed above, as well as
the impact of policy rescissions arising from the implementation of the
alternative dispute resolution process required under our principal life
insurance sales practices class action settlement. Most of the sales practices
related rescissions took place in 1999, and the process was substantially
completed in early 2000. These rescissions in the aggregate will have a
negative impact on renewal premiums of about $45 million on an annual basis,
and we do not expect that they will result in a material adverse impact on our
future results. The attrition was partially offset by an increase in paid-up
additions from $1.503 billion in 1998 to $1.577 billion in 1999.
Net investment income increased $117 million, or 3%, from $3.794 billion in
1998 to $3.911 billion in 1999. The increase resulted from an increase in the
base of general account invested assets, offset in part by a slight decline in
investment yield.
142
Benefits and Expenses
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. Benefits and expenses, as shown in the
table above under "--Operating Results", decreased $179 million, or 3%, in the
first nine months of 2001 from the first nine months of 2000. Interest expense
declined $104 million, from $125 million in the first nine months of 2000 to
$21 million in the first nine months of 2001, primarily due to a lower level
of borrowing activity associated with the decrease in investment income.
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs decreased $49 million, from
$220 million in the first nine months of 2000 to $171 million in the first
nine months of 2001, as these costs became fully amortized on a portion of
this business. Operating expenses, including distribution costs that we charge
to expense, decreased $41 million, or 7%, from $561 million in the first nine
months of 2000 to $520 million in the first nine months of 2001, as a result
of our continued efforts to reduce operating cost levels.
While there can be no assurance that our anticipated cost reductions will be
fully achieved, we believe that our cost reduction initiatives will reduce
operating expenses of the business included in the Traditional Participating
Products segment below 2000 levels by approximately $100 million on an annual
basis in 2002, and that reduced expenses resulting from these initiatives will
benefit results of this business thereafter. We expect that about $50 million
of the reduction in operating expenses will benefit adjusted operating income
in 2001 as compared to 2000, including substantially all of the decline in
operating expenses for the first nine months, and that the remainder of the
anticipated reduction in operating expenses will further benefit results in
2002 as compared to 2001. Results for the first nine months of 2001 and 2000
were not materially affected by implementation costs for this program, but we
expect the business included in the Traditional Participating Products segment
to incur additional costs of approximately $25 million for related and
additional initiatives during the balance of 2001.
Policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves, including interest
credited to policyholders, increased $161 million, from $3.405 billion in the
first nine months of 2000 to $3.566 billion for the first nine months of 2001.
The increase in benefits and reserves resulting from death benefits, including
the $160 million of reserves recorded in the first nine months of 2001 for
death and other benefits due with respect to policies for which we have not
received a death claim but where death has occurred, and the aging of policies
in force, as well as insurance claims relating to the September 11, 2001
terrorist attacks on the United States, which resulted in net losses of
approximately $13 million, more than offset the impact of the decline in
premiums.
Dividends to policyholders, which excludes the portion of dividends relating
to net realized investment gains as discussed under "--Consolidated Results of
Operations--Realized Investment Gains" above, amounted to $1.573 billion in
the first nine months of 2001, a decrease of $146 million, or 8%, from $1.719
billion in the first nine months of 2000. There was no adjustment to the
dividend scale in 2001 from the scale of 2000. The decrease relates to the
portion of our dividend provision related to dividends for the subsequent year
and reflects dividend scale changes for 2002 based on evaluation of the
experience underlying the dividend scale.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses were essentially
unchanged in 2000 from 1999. An $81 million increase in interest expense, from
$71 million in 1999 to $152 million in 2000, relates primarily to a higher
level of borrowing activity associated with the increase in investment income.
Policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves and interest credited to
policyholders increased $66 million, from $4.550 billion in 1999 to $4.616
billion in 2000, reflecting the continued increase in the length of time that
the policies have been in force. Operating expenses, including distribution
costs that we charge to expense, decreased $93 million, or 11%, from $859
million in 1999 to $766 million in 2000, as a result of our continued efforts
to reduce operating cost levels which resulted in reduced employee costs.
Dividends to policyholders, which excludes the portion of dividends relating
to net realized investment gains as discussed under "--Consolidated Results of
Operations--Realized Investment Gains" above, amounted to $2.261 billion in
2000, relatively unchanged from $2.246 billion in 1999. There was no
adjustment to the dividend scale for 2000 from the scale for 1999. Mortality
experience for both 2000 and 1999 was consistent, on an overall basis, with
our pricing assumptions.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. Benefits and expenses remained relatively
unchanged from 1998 to 1999. Operating expenses, including distribution costs
that we charge to expense, decreased $121 million, or 12%, from $980 million
in 1998 to $859 million in 1999, as a result of continued efforts to reduce
costs associated with this business and the impact of costs incurred in 1998
toward this objective. Policyholder benefits and related changes in reserves
and interest credited to policyholders increased $57 million, from $4.493
billion in 1998 to $4.550 billion in 1999, reflecting the continued increase
in the length of time that policies have been in force.
143
Dividends to policyholders, net of dividends related to net realized
investment gains, amounted to $2.246 billion in 1999, relatively unchanged
from $2.229 billion in 1998. There was no significant adjustment to the
dividend scale for 1999 from the scale for 1998. Mortality experience for both
1999 and 1998 was consistent, on an overall basis, with our pricing
assumptions.
Sales Results
New statutory premiums from sales of traditional participating individual
life insurance products amounted to $25 million for the first nine months of
2001, $39 million for the first nine months of 2000, $49 million for the year
ended December 31, 2000, $61 million for 1999, and $58 million for 1998. The
limited sales of these products reflect a continuing shift in our sales during
recent years away from traditional whole life into variable life insurance
products. We believe the trend from traditional whole life to variable life
reflects shifts in industry-wide consumer demand, and we expect this trend to
continue in the future. As indicated above, we will cease sales of traditional
participating products in connection with our demutualization.
Policy Surrender Experience
The following table sets forth policy surrender experience for the
Traditional Participating Products segment, measured by cash value of
surrenders, for the periods indicated. These amounts do not correspond to the
income statement impact of surrenders under GAAP. In managing this business,
we analyze the cash value of surrenders because it is a measure of the degree
to which policyholders are maintaining their in force business with us, a
driver of future profitability.
Nine Months
Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
-------------- -------------------------
2001 2000 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Cash value of surrenders........... $957 $934 $ 1,217 $ 1,226 $ 1,219
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
Cash value of surrenders as a
percentage of mean future policy
benefit reserves.................. 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.9% 2.9%
====== ====== ======= ======= =======
2001 to 2000 Nine-Month Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders
increased $23 million, or 2%, from the first nine months of 2000 to the first
nine months of 2001, primarily as a result of our efforts to locate
policyholders in connection with our demutualization. The level of surrenders
as a percentage of mean future policy benefit reserves was unchanged from the
first nine months of 2000 to the first nine months of 2001.
2000 to 1999 Annual Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders was
essentially unchanged from 1999 to 2000. Traditional life policy surrenders
reflected $109 million of surrenders in 2000 associated with the
implementation of the sales practices remediation program. The levels of
surrenders as a percentage of mean future policy benefit reserves remained
relatively constant from 1999 to 2000.
1999 to 1998 Annual Comparison. The total cash value of surrenders in 1999
was approximately equal to 1998. Traditional life policy surrenders reflected
$123 million of incremental surrenders in 1999 associated with the
implementation of the sales practices remediation program. Absent this
activity, the cash value of surrenders of traditional whole life and term life
would have decreased $116 million in 1999 from 1998, which we believe reflects
the impact of customer retention programs that we implemented in late 1997.
The levels of surrenders as a percentage of mean future policy benefit
reserves remained constant from 1998 to 1999.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Upon consummation of the demutualization, The Prudential Insurance Company
of America will become an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential
Financial, Inc. We expect that, on or within 30 days following the date of the
demutualization, various subsidiaries of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America will also become direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of
Prudential Financial, Inc. as a result of a "destacking" of the ownership of
these entities, which we refer to as the "destacked subsidiaries." See
"Demutualization and Related Transactions--Related Transactions--The
Destacking" for a discussion of the destacking.
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s principal source of revenues to meet its
obligations, including the payment of shareholder dividends, debt service,
capital contributions to subsidiaries as may be required, and operating
144
expenses, will be dividends and interest income from its direct and indirect
subsidiaries. In addition, we anticipate that upon completion of the
demutualization, Prudential Financial, Inc. will have substantial excess cash
liquidity including:
. net proceeds from this offering and the initial public offering of Common
Stock, assuming the underwriters' options to purchase additional shares
and units are exercised in full, of $1.68 billion, after making certain
cash payments to eligible policyholders in demutualization; and
. net proceeds from the issuance of the Class B Stock of $171 million and,
if issued, $1.3 billion of the net proceeds from the IHC debt.
On or shortly after the effective date of the demutualization, we anticipate
that Prudential Financial, Inc. will establish several financing programs to
satisfy needs for cash and capital at the parent company level and for the
destacked subsidiaries and will serve as the primary financing company for the
destacked subsidiaries. Prudential Funding, LLC has historically served as the
primary financing company for The Prudential Insurance Company of America and
its subsidiaries as discussed under "Financing Activities" below and will
continue to provide financing for the destacked subsidiaries. After
considering factors including the demutualization and the transactions
discussed under "Demutualization and Related Transactions," rating
organizations have preliminarily assigned lower credit ratings to Prudential
Financial Inc., than Prudential Funding, LLC. As a result, we expect that some
of our financing costs will increase as we transition existing financing from
Prudential Funding, LLC to Prudential Financial, Inc. See "Business--Ratings"
for further information.
We expect that, on the effective date of the demutualization, Prudential
Financial, Inc. will make a capital contribution of approximately $1.0 billion
to The Prudential Insurance Company of America to replenish the reduction of
its capital in that amount which will result from distribution of
demutualization compensation to some policyholders in the form of policy
credits rather than Common Stock or cash. See "Demutualization and Related
Transactions--The Demutualization--Allocation and Payment of Compensation to
Eligible Policyholders" for further information on distribution of
demutualization compensation to eligible policyholders. The capital
contribution is expected to be made with the proceeds from the purchase by The
Prudential Insurance Company of America of a series of notes issued by
Prudential Financial, Inc. with market rates of interest and maturities
ranging from two to five years.
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s insurance, broker-dealer and various other
companies are subject to regulatory limitations on the payment of dividends
and on other transfers of funds to affiliates. One purpose of the destacking
is to enable each entity to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
according to its own financial condition and permitted dividend capacity,
rather than from and through The Prudential Insurance Company of America
according to its financial condition and permitted dividend capacity. See
"Demutualization and Related Transactions--Related Transactions--The
Destacking" for a discussion of the destacking. For the reason noted
in the following paragraph, the ability of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America to pay stockholder dividends will be constrained in the initial years
following demutualization. The principal sources of funds to meet Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s obligations, including the payment of stockholder dividends,
will be any net proceeds, after certain cash payments to eligible
policyholders, from this offering and the initial public offering of Common
Stock, the net proceeds from issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC debt,
dividends from the destacked subsidiaries, and interest payments from
subsidiaries.
New Jersey insurance law provides that, except in the case of extraordinary
dividends or distributions, all dividends or distributions paid by The
Prudential Insurance Company of America may be declared or paid only from
unassigned surplus, as determined pursuant to statutory accounting principles,
less unrealized investment gains and revaluation of assets. Upon
demutualization, unassigned surplus will be reduced to zero, thereby limiting
The Prudential Insurance Company of America's ability to pay a dividend
immediately following demutualization. Unassigned surplus is expected to grow
thereafter in the ordinary course of business over time, including gains from
operations and any realized capital gains. The Prudential Insurance Company of
America also must notify the New Jersey insurance regulator of its intent to
pay a dividend, if the dividend, together with other dividends or
distributions made within the preceding twelve months, would exceed a
specified statutory limit and obtain a non-disapproval from the New Jersey
insurance regulator. The current statutory limitation applicable to New Jersey
life insurers generally is the greater of:
(1) 10% of such insurer's surplus as regards policyholders as of the
December 31 next preceding the date of the proposed dividend or
distribution or
(2) the net gain from operations of such insurer, not including realized
investment gains, for the 12-month period ending the December 31 next
preceding the date of the proposed dividend or distribution,
145
in each case determined under statutory accounting principles. Statutory
accounting principles differ from GAAP primarily in relation to deferred
policy acquisition costs, deferred taxes, reserve calculation assumptions and
required investment reserves, including the asset valuation reserve and the
interest maintenance reserve. The New Jersey insurance regulator is also
authorized to disallow the payment of any dividend or distribution that would
otherwise be permitted under the statutory limit if it determines that a
company does not have a reasonable surplus as to policyholders relative to its
outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs or if it finds
such company to be in a hazardous financial condition. The terms of the IHC
debt will also contain restrictions potentially limiting dividends by The
Prudential Insurance Company of America applicable to the Financial Services
Businesses in the event the Closed Block Business is in financial distress and
other circumstances. For a discussion of the finally negotiated terms of the
IHC debt, you should read "Demutualization and Related Transactions--Related
Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances--IHC debt". For further
discussion of The Prudential Insurance Company of America's results according
to statutory accounting principles, see "Demutualization and Related
Transactions--Related Transactions--Statutory Information".
Other states and foreign jurisdictions have similar regulations to those of
New Jersey which affect the ability of our other insurance companies to pay
dividends. The laws regulating dividends of the other states and foreign
jurisdictions where our other insurance companies are domiciled are similar,
but not identical, to New Jersey's. In addition, the net capital rules to
which our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject may limit their ability to
pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
Consolidated Liquidity and Financial Leverage Management
We manage our liquidity and capital resources on a company-wide basis, as
well as by legal entity and business, recognizing regulatory restrictions on
transfers of funds among entities engaged in the insurance, securities and
other businesses.
We seek to manage our consolidated liquidity position so that we have, on a
cost-effective basis, adequate resources to satisfy operating cash
requirements and investment objectives, as well as to fund business growth. We
also seek to manage our liquidity so that we have adequate sources of funding
to support our needs under stress scenarios so that we can meet our
obligations without materially disrupting our operating and investing
activities.
We borrow money on an ongoing basis to support our business operations and
strategies and seek to do so in a manner consistent with maintaining and
seeking to improve our current credit ratings. We manage our borrowing
according to company-wide, legal entity and business borrowing limits, which
are monitored by our Treasurer's department and reviewed regularly by the
Committee on Finance and Dividends of the Board of Directors. To this end, we
monitor a number of financial leverage measures on a legal entity and on a
consolidated basis, including our ratios of corporate debt to capital,
liabilities to equity capital, liquid assets to short-term liabilities, and
various other capitalization and liquidity ratios. We seek to reduce our
liquidity and refinancing risks by employing a variety of liability management
techniques, including staggering of maturities, actively utilizing alternative
sources of financing, investor base diversification, and maintaining lines of
credit in excess of the amount we believe will actually be required.
Financing Activities
Our financing principally consists of unsecured short- and long-term debt
borrowings and asset-based or secured forms of financing. These secured
financing arrangements include transactions such as securities lending and
repurchase agreements, which we generally use to finance portfolios of liquid
securities.
Prudential Funding, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America, historically has served as a financing company
for The Prudential Insurance Company of America and its subsidiaries and has
facilitated the centralized management of most unsecured borrowing
arrangements with unrelated parties on a company-wide basis. Prudential
Funding borrows funds primarily through the direct issuance of commercial
paper, private placement medium-term notes, Eurobonds, Eurocommercial paper,
Euro medium-term notes and master notes and lends the proceeds of its
borrowings to The Prudential Insurance Company of America and its
subsidiaries, generally at cost. Borrowings of the destacked subsidiaries from
Prudential Funding will be repriced to market terms upon the destacking.
Prudential Securities also engages in external unsecured financing. Following
the effective date of the demutualization, we anticipate that Prudential
Funding's outstanding borrowings will decline over time as it transitions into
a financing company primarily for
146
The Prudential Insurance Company of America and its remaining subsidiaries. We
anticipate that our other companies, including the destacked subsidiaries,
will borrow on market terms from third parties or their affiliates.
Under a support agreement, The Prudential Insurance Company of America has
agreed to maintain Prudential Funding's positive tangible net worth at all
times. We manage Prudential Funding's borrowings so that cash inflows from the
operating companies to Prudential Funding are sufficient to meet Prudential
Funding's debt service requirements. Prudential Funding also generally
maintains cash and short-term investments that can be used in the event of
cash flow timing differences.
The Prudential Insurance Company of America and Prudential Funding have
unsecured committed lines of credit totaling $4.0 billion, of which $1.5
billion expires in October 2002, $1.0 billion expires in May 2004 and the
remaining $1.5 billion expires in October 2006. Borrowings under the facility
expiring in October 2002 must mature no later than October 2003, and
borrowings under the other two facilities must mature no later than the
respective expiration dates of the facilities. The facility expiring in May
2004 includes 33 financial institutions, many of which are also among the 27
financial institutions participating in the other two facilities. Effective as
of the date of demutualization, up to $2.5 billion of the amount available
under these facilities can be utilized by Prudential Financial, Inc. The $2.5
billion consists of $500 million, $1 billion and $1 billion made available
under the facilities expiring in October 2002, May 2004 and October 2006,
respectively. We use these facilities primarily as back-up liquidity lines for
our commercial paper programs. Our ability to borrow under these facilities is
conditioned on our continued satisfaction of customary conditions, including
maintenance at all times by The Prudential Insurance Company of America of
total adjusted capital of at least $5.5 billion based on statutory accounting
principles prescribed under New Jersey law. On a pro forma basis, giving
effect to the destacking and transactions related to the demutualization, The
Prudential Insurance Company of America's total adjusted capital as of
September 30, 2001 would be $7.5 billion. The ability of Prudential Financial,
Inc. to borrow under these facilities is conditioned on its maintenance of
consolidated net worth of at least $12.5 billion, based on generally accepted
accounting principles. In addition, we have an uncommitted credit facility
utilizing a third-party-sponsored, asset-backed commercial paper conduit,
under which we can borrow up to $1 billion. Our actual ability to borrow under
this facility depends on market conditions. This facility expires in June
2002. We also use uncommitted lines of credit from banks and other financial
institutions.
The following table sets forth our outstanding financing as of the dates
indicated:
As of As of December 31,
September 30, -------------------
2001 2000 1999
------------- --------- ---------
(in millions)
Borrowings:
Short-term debt.............................. $ 9,848 $11,131 $10,858
Long-term debt:
Senior debt................................. 2,225 1,514 4,526
Surplus notes............................... 989 988 987
------- --------- ---------
Total long-term debt........................ 3,214 2,502 5,513
------- --------- ---------
Total borrowings.......................... 13,062 13,633 16,371
------- --------- ---------
Total asset-based financing................. 27,354 32,590 43,645
------- --------- ---------
Total borrowings and asset-based
financings............................... $40,416 $ 46,223 $ 60,016
======= ========= =========
As of December 31, 1999, we classified $2.5 billion of commercial paper as
long-term debt based on our intent and ability as of that date to refinance
these borrowings under long-term syndicated credit line agreements.
Subsequently, these borrowings have been classified as short-term debt
because, although we continue to have the ability to refinance a portion of
our commercial paper borrowings under these credit line agreements, we no
longer intend to do so in the ordinary course of business. We will determine
whether to utilize these credit line agreements to refinance these borrowings
based on future market conditions, our future funding needs and other
considerations.
Our total borrowings consist of amounts used for general corporate purposes,
investment related debt, securities business related debt, and debt related to
specified other businesses. Borrowings used for general corporate purposes
include those used for cash flow timing mismatches, and investments in equity
and debt securities of subsidiaries including amounts needed for regulatory
capital purposes. Investment related borrowings consist of debt issued to
finance specific investment assets or portfolios of investment assets,
147
including real estate, real estate related investments held in consolidated
joint ventures, and institutional spread lending investment portfolios.
Securities business related debt consists of debt issued to finance primarily
the liquidity of our broker-dealers, and our capital markets and other
securities business related operations. Debt related to specified other
businesses consists of borrowings associated with consumer banking activities,
real estate franchises, and relocation services. A minor portion of our
borrowings at September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000 and 1999 are limited-
recourse and non-recourse borrowings, under which the holder is entitled to
collect only against the assets pledged to the debt as collateral, or has only
very limited rights to collect against other assets.
Our borrowings as of September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000, categorized
by use of proceeds, are summarized below:
September 30, December 31,
2001 2000
------------- ------------
(in millions)
General obligations:
General corporate purposes........................ $ 3,730 $ 3,158
Investment related................................ 4,710 5,254
Securities business related....................... 3,541 4,426
Specified other businesses........................ 900 735
------- -------
Total general obligations..................... 12,881 13,573
Limited and non-recourse debt...................... 181 60
------- -------
Total borrowings.............................. $13,062 $13,633
======= =======
Long-term debt..................................... $ 3,214 $ 2,502
Short-term debt ................................... 9,848 11,131
------- -------
Total borrowings.............................. $13,062 $13,633
======= =======
Borrowings of Traditional Participating Products
segment........................................... $ 359 $ 1,264
Borrowings of Financial Services Businesses........ 12,703 12,369
------- -------
Total borrowings.............................. $13,062 $13,633
======= =======
Total borrowings and asset-based financing at September 30, 2001 decreased
approximately $5.8 billion, or 13%, from December 31, 2000, reflecting a $571
million decrease in short-term and long-term debt and a $5.2 billion decrease
in asset-based financing. The decline in short-term and long-term debt came
primarily from a decrease in our debt-financed investment portfolio and bank
borrowings of our broker-dealer operations, partially offset by debt used to
finance our acquisition of Gibraltar Life. The decline in asset-based
financing relates primarily to a reduction in asset-based finance positions in
our hedge portfolios and our wind-down of Prudential Securities Group's
portfolios related to its former lead-managed underwriting and institutional
fixed income businesses.
Total borrowings and asset-based financing at December 31, 2000 decreased
approximately $13.8 billion, or 23%, from December 31, 1999, reflecting a $2.7
billion decrease in short-term and long-term debt and an $11.1 billion
decrease in asset-based financing. The decrease in short-term and long-term
debt came primarily from a decrease in outstanding commercial paper issued in
connection with short-term investment positions in our insurance operations.
The decrease in asset-based financing largely reflected the termination of the
institutional fixed income capital markets activities of Prudential Securities
Group. The remainder of our asset-based financing relates primarily to the
hedge portfolios and to "matched book" transactions in our broker-dealer
operations. The matched book transactions are principally utilized to
facilitate customer transactions. Our short-term debt includes bank borrowings
and commercial paper outstanding under Prudential Funding's domestic and
European commercial paper programs. The weighted average interest rates on the
commercial paper borrowings under these programs were 4.71% for the nine
months ended September 30, 2001, 6.31% for the year ended December 31, 2000,
5.11% for 1999 and 5.48% for 1998. The total principal amount of debt
outstanding under Prudential Funding's medium-term note programs was $2.3
billion at September 30, 2001, $1.6 billion at December 31, 2000 and $1.8
billion at December 31, 1999. The weighted average interest rates on
Prudential Funding's long-term debt, in the aggregate, were 4.04% for the nine
months ended September 30, 2001, 6.67% for the year ended December 31, 2000,
5.61% for 1999 and 6.39% for 1998. See Note 9 of our audited consolidated
financial statements for additional information on our short-term and long-
term debt.
148
We had outstanding surplus notes totaling $989 million at September 30,
2001, $988 million at December 31, 2000 and $987 million at December 31, 1999.
These debt securities, which are included as surplus of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America on a statutory accounting basis, are subordinate
to other borrowings and to policyholder obligations and are subject to
regulatory approvals for principal and interest payments.
The ratings assigned by independent rating agencies are an important
determinant of the market acceptance and cost of our financing through
commercial paper, medium-term notes, surplus notes and other indebtedness. See
"Business--Ratings" for a discussion of our credit ratings.
We use interest rate swaps to convert some of our fixed rate long-term debt
to floating rates of interest and to convert some of our floating rate long-
term debt to fixed rates of interest, to match the interest rate sensitivity
of the positions financed. We hedge currency risks related to non-United
States dollar borrowings by using foreign currency swaps and/or foreign
exchange forward contracts. See "--Risk Management, Market Risk and Derivative
Instruments--Market Risk--Other Than Trading Activities--Market Risk Related
to Foreign Currency Exchange Rates" below.
Intermediate Holding Company Debt
As described in more detail under "Demutualization and Related
Transactions--Related Transactions--Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances", we
plan to issue shares of Class B Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. to
institutional investors in a private placement concurrently with this offering
and the initial public offering of our Common Stock. In connection with the
issuance of the Class B Stock, we also plan to issue debt securities through a
newly-formed intermediate holding company of The Prudential Insurance Company
of America, which debt we refer to as the "IHC debt", concurrently with the
demutualization, and we currently intend that a portion of the IHC debt will
be insured by a bond insurer. We expect that the IHC debt will be serviced by,
and holders of the Class B Stock will receive as dividends, net cash flows of
the Closed Block Business over time. The closing of the private placement of
the Class B Stock is a condition to this offering and the initial public
offering of our Common Stock, but the issuance of the IHC debt is not a
condition to this offering or the initial public offering. See
"Demutualization and Related Transactions-- Related Transactions--Class B
Stock and IHC Debt Issuances--IHC debt" for a further discussion of the IHC
debt.
Insurance, Annuities and Guaranteed Products Liquidity
Our principal cash flow sources from insurance, annuities and guaranteed
products are premiums and annuity considerations, investment and fee income,
and investment maturities and sales. We supplement these cash inflows with
financing activities. We actively use our balance sheet capacity to finance on
a secured basis through securities lending, repurchase, and dollar roll
transactions, and, through Prudential Funding, on an unsecured basis for
temporary cash flow mismatch coverage and to earn additional spread income,
primarily through our debt-financed investment portfolio included in Corporate
and Other operations.
Cash outflow requirements principally relate to benefits, claims, dividends
paid to policyholders, and payments to contract holders as well as amounts
paid to policyholders and contract holders in connection with surrenders,
withdrawals and net policy loan activity. Uses of cash also include
commissions, general and administrative expenses, purchases of investments,
and debt service and repayments in connection with financing activities. Some
of our products, such as guaranteed products offered to institutional
customers of the Employee Benefits division, provide for payment of
accumulated funds to the contract holder at a specified maturity date unless
the contract holder elects to roll over the funds into another contract with
us. We regularly monitor our liquidity requirements associated with
policyholder and contractholder obligations so that we can manage cash inflows
to match anticipated cash outflow requirements.
Gross account withdrawals, other than those of Gibraltar Life, which we
acquired in April 2001, amounted to $5.172 billion in the nine months ended
September 30, 2001, $8.165 billion in the year ended December 31, 2000,
$10.594 billion in 1999 and $12.079 billion in 1998. These withdrawals include
contractually scheduled maturities of traditional guaranteed investment
contracts totaling $1.135 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2001,
$1.785 billion in the year ended December 31, 2000, $2.620 billion in 1999 and
$4.465 billion in 1998. We experienced these large withdrawals on guaranteed
products as a result of contractual expirations of products sold in the late
1980s and early 1990s. Since these contractual withdrawals, as well as the
level of surrenders experienced, were consistent with our assumptions in asset
liability management, the associated cash outflows did not have an adverse
impact on our overall liquidity.
149
Interest rate fluctuations can affect the timing of cash flows associated
with our insurance and annuity liabilities as well as the value of the assets
supporting these obligations. Changes in interest rates and other market
conditions can also expose us to the risk of accelerated surrenders as
policyholders and contract holders are attracted to alternative products. We
seek to maintain an appropriate match between our assets and liabilities so
that we can satisfy the changing cash flow requirements associated with
interest rate fluctuations. In response to interest rate changes, we can alter
our strategies for investment of new cash flows, adjust credited interest
rates if and to the extent permitted by contracts, and adjust the pricing of
new products. We can also adjust dividend scales on our participating
products.
We closely monitor surrenders and withdrawals for our life insurance and
annuity contracts. Upon policy surrender, life insurance policyholders are
surrendering the life insurance protection in addition to their investment in
the contract, which would typically require new underwriting and acquisition
costs to replace. Therefore, our exposure to increased surrenders is
considerably less for life insurance policies than for annuities. In addition,
many of our contracts contain provisions that discourage early surrender.
Market value adjustment features in some contracts provide for adjustments of
the amount available in the event of surrender to reflect changes in the value
of the underlying investments. We deduct policy loans, which we report as
assets, from amounts available on surrender. Some contracts impose surrender
charges that we deduct in the event of surrender before specified dates.
We use these surrender charges and other contract provisions to mitigate the
extent, timing and profitability impact of withdrawals of funds by customers
from annuity contracts. The following table sets forth withdrawal
characteristics of our annuity reserves and deposit liabilities (based on
statutory liability values) as of the dates indicated.
As of As of December 31,
September 30, ---------------------------
2001 2000 1999
------------- ------------- -------------
% of % of % of
Amount Total Amount Total Amount Total
------- ----- ------- ----- ------- -----
($ in millions)
Not subject to discretionary
withdrawal provisions............... $37,768 43% $38,184 41% $37,990 40%
Subject to discretionary withdrawal,
with adjustment:
With market value adjustment........ 19,030 22% 22,602 24% 24,185 25%
At market value..................... 22,679 26% 25,508 27% 25,544 27%
At contract value, less surrender
charge of 5% or more............... 1,237 1% 1,330 1% 1,380 1%
------- ---- ------- ---- ------- ----
Subtotal.......................... 80,714 92% 87,624 93% 89,099 93%
Subject to discretionary withdrawal
at contract value with no surrender
charge or surrender charge of less
than 5%............................. 6,719 8% 6,746 7% 6,799 7%
------- ---- ------- ---- ------- ----
Total annuity reserves and deposit
liabilities......................... $87,433 100% $94,370 100% $95,898 100%
======= ==== ======= ==== ======= ====
We sell variable life insurance products that contain both general and
separate account components, with the bulk of account balances in separate
accounts. The principal product of this type, Variable Appreciable Life, also
imposes surrender charges for the first ten years after issuance. In addition
to the right to surrender, policyholders may transfer account balances between
the general account and the separate account components, subject to
limitations on the amount transferred and only within a 30-day period
following each anniversary of the policy. As of September 30, 2001 and
December 31, 2000 and 1999, general account balances for variable life
insurance products other than single-payment life were $1.9 billion, $1.8
billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, while separate account balances were
$12.0 billion, $13.9 billion and $14.0 billion, respectively. The table above
does not include the liabilities of Gibraltar Life, formerly known as Kyoei
Life Insurance Co., Ltd., which we acquired in April 2001. Gibraltar Life's
assets and liabilities were substantially restructured under a reorganization
concurrent with our acquisition, which included the imposition of special
surrender penalties on existing policies. See "Acquisition of Kyoei Life
Insurance Co., Ltd." for further information.
We believe that cash flows from operating and investing activities of our
insurance, annuity and guaranteed products operations are adequate to satisfy
liquidity requirements of these operations based on our current liability
structure and considering a variety of reasonably foreseeable stress
scenarios. The continued adequacy of this liquidity will depend upon factors
including future securities market conditions, changes in interest rate levels
and policyholder perceptions of our financial strength, which could lead to
reduced cash inflows or increased cash outflows. As of September 30, 2001 and
December 31, 2000 and 1999, we had short-term investments of approximately
$4.5 billion, $5.0 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, and fixed maturity
150
investments classified as "available for sale" with fair values of $113.1
billion, $83.8 billion and $79.1 billion at those dates, respectively. At
September 30, 2001, the fair value of fixed maturities available for sale
included $18.3 billion related to Gibraltar Life, which we acquired in April
2001. Additionally, the increase in fixed maturities classified as "available
for sale" in the first nine months of 2001 reflects our reclassification, as
of January 1, 2001, of $12.1 billion fair value of fixed maturity investments
that were previously classified as "held to maturity" concurrently with our
adoption of new accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging
activities as required by guidance issued by the Financial Accounting
Standards Board. The latter portfolios are comprised primarily of investment
grade corporate bonds and United States government obligations, substantially
all of which we consider to be highly liquid and can be sold and/or pledged in
financing transactions.
Securities Operations Liquidity
Prudential Securities Group Inc. maintains a highly liquid balance sheet
with substantially all of its assets consisting of securities purchased under
agreements to resell, short-term collateralized receivables from clients and
broker-dealers arising from securities transactions, marketable securities,
securities borrowed and cash equivalents. Prudential Securities Group's assets
totaled $23.3 billion at September 30, 2001, $25.8 billion at December 31,
2000 and $45.3 billion at December 31, 1999. Prudential Securities Group's
total capitalization, including equity, subordinated debt and long-term debt,
was $2.5 billion at September 30, 2001, $3.4 billion at December 31, 2000 and
$3.2 billion at December 31, 1999. In October 2000, we announced that we would
terminate our institutional fixed income activities which constituted the
major portion of the debt capital markets operations of Prudential Securities
Group. As indicated above, our termination of institutional fixed income
activities resulted in a reduced level of asset-based financing at Prudential
Securities Group and on a consolidated basis. At September 30, 2001,
Prudential Securities Group had remaining assets amounting to approximately
$900 million related to its institutional fixed income activities, as compared
to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2000 and $17 billion at December 31, 1999.
Substantially all of these assets were financed by means of asset-based
borrowings.
Prudential Securities Group finances its balance sheet principally through
asset-backed financing, including repurchase transactions, securities lending
arrangements and free credit balances in customers' accounts. Prudential
Securities Group may supplement these sources of funding through internal
short-term and long-term borrowings from Prudential Funding, uncommitted lines
of credit from banks and other financial institutions and the asset-backed
commercial paper market.
Hedge Portfolios, Commercial Mortgage Securitization and Proprietary
Investments and Syndications Operations Liquidity
Our Asset Management division includes our hedge portfolios, the commercial
mortgage securitization operation and proprietary investments and
syndications. The hedge portfolios are financed through securities repurchase
agreements and other securities financing activity and to a lesser extent
unsecured borrowing. The underlying securities are government securities or
corporate bonds and are generally liquid. The commercial mortgage
securitization operation is financed by loans from Prudential Funding and by
pledging assets to a third-party asset-backed commercial paper conduit. We
generally finance the mortgages until a portfolio accumulates that is large
enough to securitize and sell, which currently takes approximately 180 to 270
days, a period that we expect will shorten when we have a more fully developed
process for accumulating mortgages. The commercial mortgage securitization
operation's portfolio is less liquid than publicly traded securities. To
mitigate those risks in this portfolio we use an alternative asset-backed
commercial paper conduit and maintain a higher proportion of long-term
financing to support these activities. In addition, we acquire public and
private debt and equity investments, including controlling interests, of
domestic and international companies, with the intention of selling them to
institutional investors, including Prudential's general account. We acquire
the investments with equity or short- or long-term debt depending on the
liquidity and anticipated time for selling the investment.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
We capitalize costs that vary with and are directly related to the
production of new insurance and annuity business. These costs include
commissions paid, costs to issue and underwrite the policies and certain
variable field office expenses. The capitalized amounts are known as deferred
policy acquisition costs, or DAC. Our total DAC, including the impact of
unrealized investment gains and losses, amounted to $6.751 billion at
September 30,
151
2001, $7.063 billion at December 31, 2000 and $7.324 billion at December 31,
1999. Approximately 46% of our total DAC at September 30, 2001 relates to our
Individual Life Insurance segment, and approximately 18% relates to our
Traditional Participating Products segment. Excluding the impact of unrealized
investment gains and losses, our total DAC increased $95 million, from $7.018
billion at December 31, 1999 to $7.113 billion at December 31, 2000 and
increased $89 million, to $7.202 billion, at September 30, 2001. The $95
million increase in 2000 and the $89 million increase in the first nine months
of 2001 came primarily from growth of our international life insurance
business. To date, our experience on an overall basis has been generally
consistent with our assumptions used in determining the periods over which we
write off this DAC. However, if we were to experience a significant increase
in lapse or surrender rates on policies for which we amortize DAC based on
estimated gross margins or gross profits, such as participating and variable
life insurance, we would expect acceleration of the write-off of DAC for the
affected blocks of policies. Additionally, for all policies on which we have
outstanding DAC, we would be required to evaluate whether this experience
called into question our ability to recover all or a portion of the DAC, and
we would be required to write off some or all of the DAC if we concluded that
we could not recover it. While an accelerated write-off of DAC would not
affect our cash flow or liquidity, it would negatively affect our reported
earnings and level of capital under generally accepted accounting principles.
Risk Management, Market Risk and Derivative Instruments
Risk management includes the identification and measurement of various forms
of risk, the establishment of risk thresholds and the creation of processes
intended to maintain risks within these thresholds while optimizing returns on
the underlying assets or liabilities. We consider risk management an integral
part of our core businesses.
The primary risks inherent in our operations are market risk, product risk,
credit risk, and operating risk. We discuss various product risks, credit
risks and operating risks under "Risk Factors". We discuss various market
risks below.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of change in the value of financial instruments as a
result of absolute or relative changes in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates or equity or commodity prices. To varying degrees, the
investment and trading activities supporting all of our products and services
generate market risks. The market risks incurred and our strategies for
managing these risks vary by product.
With respect to non-variable life insurance products, fixed rate annuities,
the fixed rate options in our variable life insurance and annuity products,
consumer banking products, and other finance businesses, we incur market risk
primarily in the form of interest rate risk. We manage this risk through
asset/liability management strategies that seek to match the interest rate
sensitivity of the assets to that of the underlying liabilities. Our overall
objective in these strategies is to limit the net change in value of assets
and liabilities arising from interest rate movements. While it is more
difficult to measure the interest sensitivity of our insurance liabilities
than that of the related assets, to the extent that we can measure such
sensitivities we believe that interest rate movements will generate asset
value changes that substantially offset changes in the value of the
liabilities relating to the underlying products.
For variable annuities and variable life insurance products, excluding the
fixed rate options in these products, mutual funds and most separate accounts,
our main exposure to the market is the risk that asset management fees
decrease as a result of declines in assets under management due to changes in
prices of securities. We also run the risk that asset management fees
calculated by reference to performance could be lower. For variable annuity
and variable life insurance products with minimum guaranteed death benefits,
we also face the risk that declines in the value of underlying investments as
a result of changes in prices of securities may increase our net exposure to
death benefits under these contracts. We do not believe that these risks add
significantly to our overall market risk.
We manage our exposure to equity price risk relating to our general account
primarily by seeking to match the risk profile of equity investments against
risk-adjusted equity market benchmarks. We measure benchmark risk levels in
terms of price volatility in relation to the market in general.
152
The sources of our exposure to market risk can be divided into two
categories, "other than trading" activities conducted primarily in our
insurance, annuity and guaranteed products operations, and "trading"
activities conducted primarily in our securities operations. As part of our
management of both "other than trading" and "trading" market risks, we use a
variety of risk management tools and techniques. These include sensitivity and
Value-at-Risk measures, position and other limits based on type of risk, and
various hedging methods.
Other Than Trading Activities
We hold the majority of our assets for "other than trading" activities in
our segments that offer insurance, annuities and guaranteed products. We
incorporate asset/liability management techniques and other risk management
policies and limits into the process of investing our assets. We use
derivatives for hedging purposes in the asset/liability management process.
Insurance, Annuities and Guaranteed Products Asset/Liability Management
We seek to maintain interest rate and equity exposures within established
ranges, which we periodically adjust based on market conditions and the design
of related products sold to customers. Our risk managers establish investment
risk limits for exposures to any issuer, geographic region, type of security
or industry sector and oversee efforts to manage risk within policy
constraints set by management and approved by the Board of Directors.
We use duration and convexity analyses to measure price sensitivity to
interest rate changes. Duration measures the relative sensitivity of the fair
value of a financial instrument to changes in interest rates. Convexity
measures the rate of change of duration with respect to changes in interest
rates. We seek to manage our interest rate exposure by matching the relative
sensitivity of asset and liability values to interest rate changes, or
controlling "duration mismatch" of assets and liabilities. We have a target
duration mismatch constraint of plus or minus 0.5 years. As of December 31,
2000, the difference between the pre-tax duration of assets and the target
duration of liabilities in our duration managed portfolio was less than 0.2
years. We consider risk-based capital implications in our asset/liability
management strategies.
We also perform portfolio stress testing as part of our regulatory cash flow
testing. In this testing, we evaluate the impact of altering our interest-
sensitive assumptions under various moderately adverse interest rate
environments. These interest-sensitive assumptions relate to the timing and
amount of redemptions and prepayments of fixed-income securities and lapses
and surrenders of insurance products. We evaluate any shortfalls that this
cash flow testing reveals to determine if we need to increase statutory
reserves or adjust portfolio management strategies.
Market Risk Related to Interest Rates
Our "other than trading" assets that subject us to interest rate risk
include fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans and policy loans. In the
aggregate, the carrying value of these assets represented 63% of our
consolidated assets, other than assets that we held in separate accounts, as
of December 31, 2000 and 58% as of December 31, 1999.
With respect to "other than trading" liabilities, we are exposed to interest
rate risk through policyholder account balances relating to interest-sensitive
life insurance, annuity and investment-type contracts and through outstanding
short-term and long-term debt.
We assess interest rate sensitivity for "other than trading" financial
assets, financial liabilities and derivatives using hypothetical test
scenarios that assume either upward or downward 100 basis point parallel
shifts in the yield curve from prevailing interest rates. The following tables
set forth the potential loss in fair value from a hypothetical 100 basis point
upward shift at December 31, 2000 and 1999, because this scenario results in
the greatest net exposure to interest rate risk of the hypothetical scenarios
tested at those dates. While the test scenario is for illustrative purposes
only and does not reflect our expectations regarding future interest rates or
the performance of fixed-income markets, it is a near-term, reasonably
possible hypothetical change that illustrates the potential impact of such
events. These test scenarios do not measure the changes in value that could
result from non-parallel shifts in the yield curve, which we would expect to
produce different changes in discount rates for different maturities. As a
result, the actual loss in fair value from a 100 basis point change in
interest rates could be different from that indicated by these calculations.
153
December 31, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------
Hypothetical Fair
Notional Estimated Value After + 100 Hypothetical
Value of Fair Basis Point Parallel Change in
Derivatives Value Yield Curve Shift Fair Value
----------- --------- -------------------- ------------
(in millions)
Financial assets with
interest rate risk:
Fixed maturities:
Available for sale..... $ 83,827 $ 79,312 $ (4,515)
Held to maturity....... 12,615 12,085 (530)
Mortgage loans on real
estate................ 15,308 14,634 (674)
Mortgage securitization
inventory............. 1,448 1,373 (75)
Policy loans........... 8,659 8,147 (512)
Derivatives:
Swaps.................. $ 4,765 4 125 121
Futures................ 3,878 34 15 (19)
Forwards............... 3,247 (50) (50) --
Financial liabilities
with interest rate
risk:
Short-term and long-
term debt............. (13,800) (13,683) 117
Investment contracts... (25,359) (25,122) 237
Securities sold but not
yet purchased......... (157) (141) 16
--------
Total estimated
potential loss......... $ (5,834)
========
December 31, 1999
--------------------------------------------------------
Hypothetical Fair
Notional Estimated Value After + 100 Hypothetical
Value of Fair Basis Point Parallel Change in
Derivatives Value Yield Curve Shift Fair Value
----------- --------- -------------------- ------------
(in millions)
Financial assets with
interest rate risk:
Fixed maturities:
Available for sale..... $ 79,130 $ 74,968 $ (4,162)
Held to maturity....... 14,112 13,550 (562)
Mortgage loans on real
estate................ 15,826 15,104 (722)
Mortgage securitization
inventory............. 803 751 (52)
Policy loans........... 7,462 7,060 (402)
Derivatives:
Swaps.................. $ 4,205 124 265 141
Futures................ 4,579 (37) (240) (203)
Options................ 33 -- -- --
Forwards............... 3,424 (19) (19) --
Financial liabilities
with interest rate
risk:
Short-term and long-
term debt............. (16,563) (16,454) 109
Investment contracts... (25,394) (25,121) 273
--------
Total estimated
potential loss......... $ (5,580)
========
These tables above do not include approximately $77 billion of insurance
reserve and deposit liabilities at December 31, 2000 and $75 billion at
December 31, 1999. We believe that the interest rate sensitivities of these
insurance liabilities offset, in large measure, the interest rate risk of the
financial assets set forth in these tables.
The estimated changes in fair values of our financial assets shown above
relate to assets invested to support our insurance liabilities, but do not
include assets associated with products for which investment risk is borne
primarily by the contract holders rather than by us.
As of September 30, 2001, the hypothetical change in fair value from a 100
basis point parallel shift in the yield curve from prevailing interest rates
results in a total estimated potential loss of $7.282 billion. Substantially
all of the $1.448 billion increase in the total estimated potential loss from
December 31, 2000 resulted from our acquisition of Gibraltar Life in April
2001. The total estimated potential loss at September 30, 2001 does not
include the effect of interest rate sensitivity of approximately $97 billion
of insurance reserves and deposit liabilities, including those of Gibraltar
Life. We believe that the interest rate sensitivities of these insurance
liabilities offset, in large measure, the interest rate risk of the financial
assets, which results in the major portion of the total estimated potential
loss at September 30, 2001.
154
Market Risk Related to Equity Prices
We actively manage equity price risk against benchmarks in respective
markets. We benchmark our return on equity holdings against a blend of market
indices, mainly the S&P 500 and Russell 2000, and we target price
sensitivities that approximate those of the benchmark indices. We estimate our
equity price risk from a hypothetical 10% decline in equity benchmark market
levels and measure this risk in terms of the decline in fair market value of
equity securities we hold. Using this methodology, our estimated equity price
risk at December 31, 2000 was $232 million, representing a hypothetical
decline in fair market value of equity securities we held at that date from
$2.317 billion to $2.085 billion. Our estimated equity price risk using this
methodology at December 31, 1999 was $326 million, representing a hypothetical
decline in fair market value of equity securities we held at that date from
$3.264 billion to $2.938 billion. In calculating these amounts, we exclude
equity securities related to products for which the investment risk is borne
primarily by the contractholder rather than by us. While these scenarios are
for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect our expectations regarding
future performance of equity markets or of our equity portfolio, they
represent near term reasonably possible hypothetical changes that illustrate
the potential impact of such events.
As of September 30, 2001, our estimated equity price risk was $304 million.
Substantially all of the $72 million increase in the estimated equity price
risk from December 31, 2000 resulted from our acquisition of Gibraltar Life.
Market Risk Related to Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk in our general account
and through our operations in foreign countries. In our international life
insurance business, we generally invest in assets denominated in the same
currencies as our insurance liabilities, which mitigates our foreign currency
exchange rate risk for these operations.
Our exposure to foreign currency risk within the general account investment
portfolios supporting our U.S. insurance operations arises primarily from
purchased investments that are denominated or payable in foreign currencies.
We generally hedge substantially all foreign currency-denominated fixed-income
investments supporting our U.S. operations into U.S. dollars, using foreign
exchange forward contracts and currency swaps, in order to mitigate the risk
that the fair value of these investments fluctuates as a result of changes in
foreign exchange rates. We generally do not hedge all of the foreign currency
risk of our equity investments in unaffiliated foreign entities.
Our operations in foreign countries create two additional sources of foreign
currency risk. First, we reflect the operating results of our foreign branches
and subsidiaries in our financial statements based on the average exchange
rates prevailing during the period. We hedge some of these foreign currency
flows based on our overall risk management strategy and loss limits. We
generally hedge our anticipated exposure to adjusted operating income
fluctuations resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates
relating to our operations in Japan, which are the most significant of these
operations, using foreign exchange forward contracts and currency swaps.
Second, we translate our equity investment in foreign branches and
subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using the foreign currency exchange rate at the
financial statement period-end date. We have chosen to partially hedge this
exposure.
We actively manage foreign currency exchange rate risk within specified
limits at the consolidated level using Value-at-Risk analysis. This
statistical technique estimates, at a specified confidence level, the
potential pretax loss in portfolio market value that could occur over an
assumed time horizon due to adverse market movements. We calculate this using
a variance/covariance approach.
We calculate Value-at-Risk estimates of exposure to loss from volatility in
foreign currency exchange rates for one-month time periods. Our estimated VaR
at December 31, 2000 for foreign currency assets not hedged to U.S. dollars,
measured at the 95% confidence level and using a one-month time horizon, was
$18 million, representing a hypothetical decline in fair market value of these
foreign currency assets from $906 million to $888 million. Our estimated VaR
at December 31, 1999 for foreign currency assets not hedged to U.S. dollars,
measured at the 95% confidence level and using a one-month time horizon, was
$23 million, representing a hypothetical decline in fair market value of these
foreign currency assets from $752 million to $729 million. These calculations
use historical price volatilities and correlation data at a 95% confidence
level. We discuss limitations of VaR models below.
155
Our average monthly Value-at-Risk from foreign currency exchange rate
movements measured at the 95% confidence level over a one month time horizon
was $16 million during 2000 and $18 million during 1999.
Our estimated VaR at September 30, 2001 for foreign currency assets not
hedged to U.S. dollars, giving effect to our acquisition of Gibraltar Life, is
not materially different from the estimate as of December 31, 2000.
Derivatives
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are derived from interest
rates, foreign exchange rates, financial indices, or the prices of securities
or commodities. Derivative financial instruments may be exchange-traded or
contracted in the over-the-counter market and include swaps, futures, options
and forward contracts. See Note 15 of our audited consolidated financial
statements for a summary of our derivative positions as of December 31, 2000
and 1999. Under insurance statutes, our insurance companies may use derivative
financial instruments to hedge actual or anticipated changes in their assets
or liabilities, to replicate cash market instruments or for certain income-
generating activities. These statutes generally prohibit the use of
derivatives for speculative purposes. We use derivative financial instruments
to seek to reduce market risk from changes in interest rates or foreign
currency exchange rates, and to alter interest rate or foreign currency
exposures arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities. In addition,
derivatives are used in our securities operations for trading purposes.
Trading Activities
We engage in trading activities primarily in connection with our securities
businesses. We maintain trading inventories in various equity and fixed-income
securities, foreign exchange instruments and commodities, primarily to
facilitate transactions for our clients. Market risk affects the values of our
trading inventories through fluctuations in absolute or relative interest
rates, credit spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, securities and
commodity prices. We seek to use short security positions and forwards,
futures, options and other derivatives to limit exposure to interest rate and
other market risks. We also trade derivative financial instruments that allow
our clients to manage exposure to interest rate, currency and other market
risks. Most of our derivative transactions involve exchange-listed contracts
and are short-term in duration. We act both as a broker, by selling exchange-
listed contracts, and as a dealer, by entering into futures and security
transactions as a principal. As a broker, we assume counterparty and credit
risks that we seek to mitigate by using margin or other credit enhancements
and by establishing trading limits and credit lines. As a dealer, we are
subject to market risk as well as counterparty and credit risk. We manage the
market risk associated with trading activities through hedging activities and
formal policies, risk and position limits, counterparty and credit limits,
daily position monitoring, and other forms of risk management.
Value-at-Risk
VaR is one of the tools we use to monitor and manage our exposure to the
market risk of our trading activities. We calculate a VaR that encompasses our
trading activities using a 95% confidence level. The VaR method incorporates
the risk factors to which the market value of our trading activities is
exposed, which consist of interest rates, including credit spreads, foreign
exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices, estimates of volatilities
from historical data, the sensitivity of our trading activities to changes in
those market factors and the correlations of those factors. We regularly test
our VaR model by comparing actual adverse results to those estimated by the
VaR model with a 95% confidence level over a one-day time horizon. The VaR for
our trading activities expressed in terms of adverse changes to fair value at
the 95% confidence level over a one-day time horizon was $6 million at
December 31, 2000 and $13 million at December 31, 1999. The average daily VaR
for our trading activities, expressed in terms of adverse changes to fair
value with a 95% confidence level over a one-day time horizon, was $9 million
during 2000 and $14 million during 1999. The following table sets forth a
breakdown of this VaR by risk component as follows:
As of Average As of Average
December 31, for December 31, for
2000 2000 1999 1999
------------ ------- ------------ -------
(in millions)
Interest rate risk................... $ 4 $ 6 $10 $12
Equity risk.......................... 2 3 3 2
--- --- --- ---
Total(1)............................ $6 $ 9 $13 $14
=== === === ===
--------
(1) At December 31, 2000 and 1999, and during the years then ended, VaR from
each of foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity risk in our
trading activities was immaterial.
156
Limitations of VaR Models
Although VaR models represent a recognized tool for risk management, they
have inherent limitations, including reliance on historical data that may not
be indicative of future market conditions or trading patterns. Accordingly,
you should not view VaR models as a predictor of future results. We may incur
losses that could be materially in excess of the amounts indicated by the
models on a particular trading day or over a period of time, and there have
been instances when results have fallen outside the values generated by our
VaR models. A VaR model does not estimate the greatest possible loss. We use
these models together with other risk management tools, including stress
testing. The results of these models and analysis thereof are subject to the
judgment of our risk management personnel.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 of our audited consolidated financial statements and Notes 2 and
3 of our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion
of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
157
ACQUISITION OF KYOEI LIFE INSURANCE CO., LTD.
In the following discussion, U.S. dollar amounts are translated from
Japanese Yen amounts at a rate approximating the exchange rate on the date of
our investment, i.e., $1 = (Yen)124.0, except where indicated otherwise.
In April 2001, we completed the acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance Co.,
Ltd. ("Kyoei"), a financially troubled Japanese life insurer now renamed
"Gibraltar Life Insurance Company, Ltd.", which we refer to as "Gibraltar
Life." Our initial investment in Gibraltar Life, as described below, totals
approximately $1.2 billion. The reorganization proceedings under the Corporate
Reorganization Law of Japan (which we refer to as the "Reorganization Law"),
which substantially restructured the assets and liabilities of Kyoei, were
officially concluded on April 23, 2001. Pursuant to these proceedings, on
April 2, 2001, the Tokyo District Court approved a reorganization plan
("Reorganization Plan") providing for the restructuring of Kyoei's assets and
liabilities. The Reorganization Plan included extinguishing all existing stock
for no consideration and the issuance of one million new shares of common
stock. Under the Reorganization Plan, we contributed (Yen)50 billion ($403
million) to acquire 100% of Gibraltar Life's newly issued common stock and
provided (Yen)98 billion ($790 million) to Gibraltar Life in the form of a
subordinated loan. The loan is for a period of 20 years with prepayments
allowed. The interest rate on the loan is 2.5% per year. The new shares of
common stock were issued to Prudential Holdings of Japan, Inc., which company
provided the subordinated loan. Prudential Holdings of Japan, Inc. currently
is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, which we expect will be transferred to Prudential Financial, Inc. in
the destacking. Gibraltar Life's financial results from April 2, 2001 to
August 31, 2001 are included in our consolidated financial results as of and
for the period ended September 30, 2001. On April 23, 2001, Moody's assigned
an A2 insurance financial strength rating to Gibraltar Life.
Gibraltar Life
Kyoei, now renamed Gibraltar Life, was incorporated in 1947 and at the
beginning of April 2001 had over five million policies in force and
approximately 10,200 employees, including 8,100 Life Advisors and sales
management, in approximately 590 offices across Japan. The company has
business relationships with a number of affinity groups or "associations",
which provide Gibraltar Life with access to their members or employees.
Gibraltar Life's business consists mainly of individual protection products,
which account for over 80% of the total number of in force policies.
Gibraltar Life primarily offers four types of insurance products: individual
insurance, including life and indemnity health coverage; individual annuities;
group life insurance; and group annuities.
158
The following table shows the amount of insurance in force by product for
the periods indicated.
For the Period For the Period
April 3, 2001 April 1, 2000 For the Year
to August 31, to April 2, Ended March
2001 2001 31, 2000
-------------- -------------- ------------
(in millions)
Individual Life:
Beginning value................. $269,090 $333,765 $359,619
Sales........................... 3,096 15,773 32,740
Surrenders...................... 31,310 23,075 34,763
Lapses.......................... 3,418 25,890 9,734
Other net reductions(1)......... 6,389 31,483 14,097
-------- -------- --------
Ending value.................... $231,069 $269,090 $333,765
======== ======== ========
Individual Annuities:
Beginning value................. $ 10,302 $ 13,752 $ 14,383
Sales........................... 27 252 700
Surrenders...................... 1,468 875 999
Lapses.......................... 26 371 48
Other net reductions(1)......... 165 2,456 284
-------- -------- --------
Ending value.................... $ 8,670 $ 10,302 $ 13,752
======== ======== ========
Group Life:
Beginning value................. $104,708 $118,048 $122,702
Sales(2)........................ 1,787 9,181 11,334
Surrenders(3)................... 17,595 10,714 9,154
Lapses.......................... 28 662 825
Other net reductions(1)......... 42,157 11,145 6,009
-------- -------- --------
Ending value.................... $ 46,715 $104,708 $118,048
======== ======== ========
--------
(1) Other net reductions include maturities, deaths, conversions,
restructuring charges.
(2) Sales of Group Life include new business, mid-entry and increases of
insurance amount.
(3) Surrenders of Group Life include surrenders and withdrawals.
In addition, Group Pension asset balances were $2.7 billion at April 2, 2001
and $3.4 billion at March 31, 2000.
The reorganization of Gibraltar Life is likely to result in different trends
in both new business and in force policies for all product lines.
Gibraltar Life distributes products through an agency force and affinity
channels. Some products are created specifically for the affinity channels. In
addition to offering insurance products to individuals and groups, Gibraltar
Life underwrites life reinsurance. Gibraltar Life also has domestic and
foreign subsidiaries, including non-insurance businesses, which are not
material to its financial results. The foreign businesses include operations
in Brazil and Indonesia.
Japanese life insurance companies offer products with guaranteed interest
rates to policyholders. The primary cause for Kyoei's gradual financial
deterioration over the past few years has been that the investment returns it
achieved on invested assets purchased with premiums and deposits received from
policyholders were lower than the guaranteed rates it had to pay to
policyholders (a so-called "negative spread"). For many years, insurance was
written with guaranteed rates to policyholders of up to 6.50%.
159
As of March 31, 2000, the end of the last fiscal year prior to the
reorganization, Kyoei's policy reserve liabilities had the following interest
rate guarantees:
Interest Rate Reserve
------------- --------------
(in thousands)
1.50% $ 3,432,424
1.75% 736,822
2.00% 528,497
2.15% 2,362
2.50% 75,411
2.75% 4,184,208
2.90% 1,866
3.75% 418,718
4.00% 6,156,841
4.50% 65,325
4.75% 1,863
5.00% 3,026,596
5.50% 9,740,407
5.75% 3,294,000
6.00% 1,807,764
6.25% 11,850
6.50% 971
-----------
Total Policy
Weighted Average..... 4.31% Reserve.............. $33,485,925
===========
Some of the interest rate guarantees were adjusted in the reorganization as
noted below.
With the decline of the Japanese economy and Japanese financial and real
estate markets in the 1990s, together with low interest rates, Kyoei was
unable to achieve investment returns on its invested assets at least equal to
the guaranteed rates, and Kyoei experienced substantial negative spreads.
Kyoei's average investment returns fell from 3.82% for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1997 to 2.89%, 2.01% and 1.54%, for the fiscal years ended March 31,
1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. The decline of the Japanese economy and of
the Japanese financial and real estate markets also resulted in a substantial
deterioration in the value of Kyoei's investment assets, and Kyoei experienced
significant and growing amounts of assets with impaired value. Finally, owing
to its deteriorating financial condition, lowered financial credit ratings,
and decreased public confidence in its financial viability, Kyoei's premiums
and other revenue declined over 23% from fiscal years 1996 to 1999, from
(Yen)815 billion ($6.6 billion) to (Yen)627 billion ($5.1 billion), as
reported by Kyoei.
Kyoei was downgraded by Moody's to Caal in June 1999, indicating Moody's
belief that Kyoei offered "very poor" financial security (C is the lowest
rating). Kyoei's March 31, 2000 solvency margin of 211% was one of the weakest
in the Japanese life insurance industry. Kyoei's revenues, results of
operations and financial condition continued to deteriorate materially after
the announcement of its financial results for the fiscal year ended March 31,
2000, including material increases in surrenders and withdrawals prior to the
commencement of reorganization proceedings.
Kyoei's Historical Financial Statements
Historically, Kyoei prepared financial statements in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in Japan, which we refer to as J
GAAP. J GAAP differs in material respects from U.S. GAAP. Kyoei's historical
financial statements were never reconciled to U.S. GAAP. Further, in
performing audits of Kyoei, its independent auditors did not follow U.S.
generally accepted auditing standards, so the audits performed would not
necessarily have resulted in identification and resolution of issues regarding
the appropriateness of accounting policies or procedures or the adequacy or
sufficiency of financial presentation in accordance with U.S. standards. For
the foregoing reasons, Kyoei's historically reported financial statements do
not reflect Kyoei's past financial performance in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Furthermore, Kyoei's historical J GAAP financial statements do not reflect the
effects of Kyoei's restructuring pursuant to the Reorganization Plan.
Accordingly, we believe historical financial information regarding Kyoei is
not comparable to or indicative of Gibraltar Life's future financial condition
or operating results on a post-reorganization basis in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. For the foregoing reasons, we did not rely on historically reported
financial information in making our decision to acquire Kyoei.
An audited statement of financial position of Gibraltar Life prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP as of April 2, 2001 is included in this prospectus.
160
Background and Strategy
We have had significant life insurance operations in Japan for approximately
20 years, as discussed under "Business--International Division". This has
positioned us to work with Kyoei to restore its financial viability and to
grow our position in the Japanese life insurance marketplace. After Kyoei's
announcement of its results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2000, Kyoei's
financial situation deteriorated to the point that only a restructuring of its
in force business, combined with a substantial investment, appeared to be
adequate to revitalize the company. Kyoei filed a petition to commence
reorganization proceedings with the Tokyo District Court on October 20, 2000,
and the Tokyo District Court issued an order commencing the proceedings on
October 23, 2000. At the commencement of the proceedings, we were selected as
Kyoei's "Business Sponsor" (an informal status under the Reorganization Law)
which has allowed us to work with the reorganization trustee to restructure
Kyoei on a mutually acceptable basis, as described under "--Reorganization
Proceedings and Reorganization Plan" below.
Our pre-acquisition Japanese operations and those of Gibraltar Life will
have different target markets; accordingly, the field forces have remained
separate, and we intend that they be perceived as autonomous in the
marketplace. Gibraltar Life's individual life and annuity products have been
the primary source of revenue, and we expect an even greater reliance on
individual products in the future. While we intend to continue Gibraltar
Life's traditional agent distribution system, we also plan to make changes to
streamline its management, to strengthen its compliance monitoring and to
change its agent compensation system to provide increased incentives for
sales. We also revised Gibraltar Life's product portfolio by introducing new
non-participating life insurance products and may offer investment trust
products from our International Investments business. In addition, we plan to
improve service levels, increase operating efficiency and reduce expenses, and
to use our global investment experience and resources to improve Gibraltar
Life's investment performance, including realigning its portfolio to reduce
risk, improve returns and better align assets with liabilities; however, there
is no assurance that we will be successful in doing so.
Reorganization Proceedings and Reorganization Plan
The Reorganization Law, similar to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code,
is intended to provide a mechanism for restructuring financially troubled
companies by permitting the adjustment of the interests of creditors,
shareholders and other interested parties. The reorganization trustee
determines the extent and nature of claims against the company, identifies the
assets which the company owns or to which it is entitled, determines the
current value of the company's assets on a going concern basis, and prepares a
plan of reorganization that may adjust the liabilities owed creditors.
Following approval of the plan by the interested parties and the formal
recognition of the plan by the Tokyo District Court, the company re-emerges
from the reorganization and begins conducting business in an ordinary fashion.
In Kyoei's restructuring, the assets of Kyoei were written down to the value
set forth in the Reorganization Plan and the benefits to policyholders were
reduced. The restructuring eliminated Kyoei's negative net worth, and we
expect that its in force business will become profitable.
On October 20, 2000, upon Kyoei's filing under the Reorganization Law, the
Tokyo District Court issued an order generally freezing Kyoei's assets and
appointed an interim trustee who, on October 23, 2000, was appointed as sole
trustee. The trustee then commenced the formulation of the Reorganization
Plan. Prior to the October 23, 2000 order, in connection with our appointment
as Business Sponsor, we entered into an agreement with the interim trustee
providing, among other things, that the Reorganization Plan to be submitted to
the Tokyo District Court for approval would not require funds to be
contributed by the Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of
Japan.
On February 14, 2001, the trustee submitted the Reorganization Plan to the
Tokyo District Court. According to the adjusted asset valuation provided in
the Reorganization Plan, assets totaled (Yen)4,089 billion ($33.0 billion) as
of October 23, 2000, which included (Yen)364 billion ($2.9 billion) of an
intangible asset recognized for regulatory purposes under J GAAP (but not U.S.
GAAP). Prior to the policy reserve reductions and other liability adjustments
provided under the Reorganization Plan, Kyoei's liabilities totaled
(Yen)4,414.5 billion ($35.6 billion) as of October 23, 2000, resulting in a
negative net worth of (Yen)325.5 billion ($2.6 billion).
Kyoei's creditors approved the Reorganization Plan and on April 2, 2001 the
Tokyo District Court issued its official recognition order approving the
Reorganization Plan. The Reorganization Plan became effective immediately upon
the issuance of the recognition order, and is binding upon Kyoei, its
creditors, including policyholders, its shareholders and other interested
parties, whether or not they submitted claims or voted for or
161
against the plan. The newly appointed Gibraltar Life management team formally
took control of Kyoei on April 2, 2001 and on the same date Kyoei's name was
changed to "Gibraltar Life Insurance Company, Ltd." We completed our
acquisition of the stock of Gibraltar Life on April 20, 2001, and the
reorganization proceedings were declared concluded by the Tokyo District Court
on April 23, 2001.
Pursuant to the Reorganization Plan, Kyoei has been restructured as follows:
. Kyoei was discharged from all financial indebtedness, retaining only
liabilities under insurance policies and contracts, liabilities incurred
in the ordinary course of business and certain other claims approved by
the trustee. All existing shares of stock were extinguished without
consideration.
. Gibraltar Life remains responsible for pension liabilities, which were
$765 million at April 2, 2001.
. An intangible asset of approximately (Yen)364 billion ($2.9 billion) was
established for regulatory reporting purposes under J GAAP and will be
amortized over 5 years. Neither the intangible asset nor its amortization
is recognized under U.S. GAAP financial reporting.
. We contributed (Yen)50 billion ($403 million) in cash to Gibraltar Life's
capital and acquired 100% of Gibraltar Life's newly issued common stock,
and we further provided (Yen)98 billion ($790 million) to Gibraltar Life
in the form of a subordinated loan.
. There are no policy changes for group life, collective term and
reinsurance policies.
. The guaranteed rate on all other in force policies has been reduced to
1.75%, unless a lower rate was in effect prior to Kyoei's filing under
the Reorganization Law.
. Except for individual annuities, cash surrender values before surrender
charges were reduced by an average of approximately 11%, and maturity
values were reduced by 8%. Annuities will be subject to reductions only
if they are surrendered.
. Special surrender penalties will be imposed on existing policies
according to the following schedule (for each year ending March 31):
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
15% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%
. Although participating policies retain their current participating
status, it is not anticipated that policy dividends will be paid until
such time as Gibraltar Life's remaining intangible asset is fully
amortized, Gibraltar Life has reached the standard reserve level as
defined in the Japanese insurance business law, and Gibraltar Life has
achieved cumulative profits equal to our aggregate initial investment on
a J GAAP basis.
. In years four and eight following the recognition of the Reorganization
Plan by the Tokyo District Court, a special dividend to policyholders
will be payable based on 70% of net gains, if any, over the
Reorganization Plan valuation of real estate and loans, net of
transaction costs and taxes.
. No funds were requested from the Life Insurance Policyholders Protection
Corporation of Japan.
While there can be no assurance, we believe that the Reorganization Plan has
eliminated Kyoei's existing "negative spread" and that the in force business
will become profitable. While the surrender penalties are intended to limit
policyholder surrenders and withdrawals following implementation of the
Reorganization Plan, we anticipate that significant policyholder surrenders
and withdrawals will occur, further reducing the size and ongoing premium
income of the business we have purchased. While we believe we will be able to
operate Gibraltar Life on a profitable basis after the acquisition, there is
no assurance we will achieve that objective.
Pursuant to the Reorganization Plan, Kyoei's balance sheet was restructured
to reflect the write-down of its assets, the modification of its liabilities
and our capital and loan commitment as discussed above. The table below
compares Kyoei's assets as of October 23, 2000 (i) based on information
obtained from Kyoei and contained in the Reorganization Plan and (ii)
according to the asset valuation adopted in the Reorganization Plan. Columns B
and D below show the financial information in Columns A and C converted to
U.S. dollars based on the exchange rate approximating the rate as of the date
of our investment ($1=(Yen)124.0).
162
As of October 23, 2000
In accordance with J GAAP
(unaudited)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Asset Balances Adjusted Assets
as of 10/23/00 Provided under
Provided by Column A Amounts Reorganization Column C Amounts
Kyoei in US$ Millions Plan in US$ Millions
Account ((Yen) millions) ($1=(Yen) 124.0) ((Yen) millions) ($1=(Yen) 124.0)
------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Assets
Cash and Deposits....... 83,489 673 83,489 673
Call Loans.............. 335,000 2,702 335,000 2,702
Monetary Claims Bought.. 13,096 106 11,899 96
Money in Trust.......... 386,011 3,113 386,011 3,113
Securities.............. 1,745,671 14,077 1,703,212 13,736
Loans................... 1,365,299 11,010 1,088,467 8,778
Policy Loans........... 58,108 469 58,108 469
Corporate/General
Loans................. 1,307,191 10,541 1,030,359 8,309
Real Estate............. 144,534 1,166 39,024 315
Accounts Receivable from
Agencies............... 294 2 294 2
Accounts Receivable from
Reinsurers............. 1,348 11 56,446 455
Other Assets............ 27,849 225 19,158 155
Customers' Liabilities
for Acceptance &
Guarantee.............. 2,000 16 2,000 16
Reserves for Bad Debt... (19,767) (159) 0 0
Intangible Asset........ 0 0 364,000 2,935
--------- ------ --------- ------
Total Assets............ 4,084,824 32,942 4,089,000 32,976
Prior to the policy reserve reductions and other liability adjustments
provided under the Reorganization Plan, Kyoei's liabilities totaled
(Yen)4,414.5 billion ($35.6 billion) as of October 23, 2000. The policy
reserve reductions and other liability adjustments under the Reorganization
Plan resulted in total liabilities equaling total assets (i.e., (Yen)4,089
billion as noted above). Gibraltar Life's immediate post-reorganization J GAAP
equity is therefore equal to our contribution of (Yen)50 billion ($403
million) in cash to acquire 100% of Gibraltar Life's newly issued common stock
and unrealized gains of (Yen)21.8 billion ($176 million) accumulated during
the period from October 23, 2000 to April 2, 2001.
The information contained in Column A above was prepared based upon
information obtained from Kyoei. The information contained in Column C above
is based on the Reorganization Plan. In assessing this information, you should
consider the following:
. the information was prepared in accordance with J GAAP which, as noted
above, differs in material respects from information prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP;
. the adjustments reflected in the Reorganization Plan were determined
based upon information and advice from consultants of the trustee
(accountants, investment bankers and actuaries) and the trustee's best
judgment and are not necessarily adjustments that would have been
prepared had the information been prepared in accordance with pro forma
requirements established by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;
and
. for U.S. GAAP accounting purposes, the assets and liabilities of
Gibraltar Life will be adjusted to their fair value. The fair value of
assets and liabilities may differ significantly from those reflected
above due to changes in market values and changes in the composition of
assets and liabilities.
Employees
As of August 31, 2001, Gibraltar Life employed approximately 9,300
employees, including 6,600 Gibraltar Life Advisors. The employees of Gibraltar
Life, excluding select members of senior management, are covered by agreements
between Gibraltar Life and Gibraltar Life Labor Union, a group consisting of
Gibraltar Life employees that establishes basic terms of employment and work
rules. The agreement relating to the terms of employment will be in effect
until February 28, 2002. The work rules are subject to revision from time to
time.
163
Prudential's Activities During and After Kyoei's Restructuring
To assist the trustee, we supplied management support, including a chief
operating officer, during the reorganization period from October 23, 2000 to
April 20, 2001. This involved running the day to day operations of Kyoei as
the prior management team resigned immediately after the filing for
reorganization on October 20, 2000. In addition, outside advisors were engaged
to help the trustee evaluate Kyoei's assets. Since the valuation of loans and
real estate is difficult, we agreed to an "upside sharing" agreement with
respect to these assets. In 2005 and 2009 we will pay a special dividend to
eligible policyholders representing 70% of the amount, if any, of net gains on
these assets. In our U.S. GAAP financial statements, we accrue for this
liability as the net gains are recognized in our financial statements. As of
April 2, 2001, we have established a special dividend liability of $635
million.
We also worked closely with the trustee to evaluate the liability reductions
needed to reduce Kyoei's negative net worth. Ultimately, we reached agreement
on the reductions in both current liabilities and future guarantees.
One significant change during the restructuring period was the
implementation of an early retirement/separation program. In March 2001,
approximately 750 of Kyoei's non-sales employees retired. In August 2001,
approximately 500 employees left the company bringing the number of remaining
fixed salary employees to approximately 1,750. These reductions are in line
with the declining revenue and our plan to centralize the insurance
operations. Prior to the reorganization, insurance administration was
performed in 66 branch offices and 8 regional offices as well as in the
corporate office. During August 2001, all of this work has been centralized in
one location.
Policyholder activity during the restructuring period was restricted.
Surrenders were not allowed except under very limited circumstances. Maturity
benefits were paid on a reduced basis to account for the anticipated policy
restructuring. Death benefits, however, were paid at 100% through the end of
the restructuring period as required. The restriction on surrenders
contributes to the "shock lapse" (i.e., an unusually high level of surrenders,
non-renewals and withdrawals) typically seen shortly after a company emerges
from a restructuring.
The changes made to the in force policies as a result of the restructuring
were made effective as of October 23, 2000, with the exception of the death
benefits payable at 100% through April 2, 2001. The restructured policies have
lower cash values, annuity, maturity and death benefits as a result of the
reduced interest guarantee (generally 1.75%, but not higher than the previous
guarantee) as well as the immediate reduction applied to most of the policy
reserves.
Under the reorganization proceedings, sales of Kyoei products were
suspended. In order to maintain the sales force, in mid-January 2001 Kyoei
agents began selling products from Prudential's existing life insurance
subsidiary in Japan. This activity, which continued through the end of March
2001, generated approximately (Yen)3.0 billion ($25.3 million) in annualized
new business premium for Prudential. More importantly, it kept the agents'
activity level higher.
A new compensation plan was introduced in July 2001. It is designed to
improve productivity and persistency and is similar to compensation plans in
our other International Insurance operations. Agent compensation at Gibraltar
Life, which was based on a high fixed salary component in the past, has been
changed to a variable compensation structure. We have a transition plan in
place that will last, for some agents, until June 2003.
At the start of the restructuring period, the asset portfolio had a higher
percentage of risky assets (domestic and foreign equities and low quality
loans) than we felt was prudent. In addition, there was a concentration of
loans in the finance sector. While these assets had been written down to
estimated current market values, they still presented more risk than we
desired. Prior to emergence from reorganization, portfolio transactions were
restricted. Soon afterwards, we began selling non-performing loans and
selected other loans. Between April 2 and August 31, 2001, we reduced
Gibraltar Life's loan portfolio by approximately $2.6 billion. In addition,
Gibraltar Life sold more than $1 billion of foreign securities. We have
temporarily created a large cash position, partially in anticipation of "shock
lapse."
Our long-term investment plan is to increase our concentration of higher
quality fixed income investments including the use of U.S. Dollar hedged and
unhedged corporate bonds.
164
With respect to the products offered by Kyoei in the past and being offered
by Gibraltar Life now, one significant change is that we introduced, effective
April 2, 2001, non-participating products. With limited exceptions, products
will be non-participating going forward. Historically, Kyoei had offered
participating products.
Gibraltar Life Selected Historical Operating Data
Included below is certain summarized historical operating data of Gibraltar
Life for the 12 months ended March 31, 2001 and 2000, prepared in accordance
with U.S. GAAP. As noted above, we believe historical information of Gibraltar
Life is not comparable to or indicative of Gibraltar Life's future operating
results on a post reorganization basis.
Net investment income was as follows for the twelve months ended March 31:
2001 2000
------ ------
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available for sale......................... $ 150 $ 296
Equity securities, available for sale........................ 19 37
Commercial and residential loans on real estate.............. 77 83
Policy loans................................................. 27 31
Other commercial and consumer loans.......................... 274 370
Other short and long-term assets............................. 131 63
------ ------
Gross investment income...................................... 678 880
Investment expense........................................... (33) (35)
------ ------
Net investment income........................................ $ 645 $ 845
====== ======
Realized investment gains were as follows for the twelve months ended March
31:
2001 2000
------ ------
(in millions)
Fixed maturities, available for sale........................ $ 19 ($ 306)
Equity securities, available for sale....................... (433) 314
Commercial and residential loans on real estate............. 18 (1)
Other commercial and consumer loans......................... 35 19
Derivative financial instruments............................ (24) 9
Liquidation loss on disposal of investment subsidiaries..... (37) --
Other short and long-term assets............................ (329) 274
------ ------
Net realized investment gains (losses)...................... ($751) $ 309
====== ======
Insurance contract revenues and benefit payments and withdrawals were as
follows for the twelve months ended March 31:
2001 2000
------- -------
(in millions)
Premiums, policy charges and fee income.................. $3,720 $4,192
Benefit payments and withdrawals, changes in reserves and
interest credited to policyholders...................... ($5,745) ($4,813)
Gibraltar Life General Account Investments
In the following discussion, U.S. dollar amounts, as of August 31, 2001, are
translated at the exchange rate in effect as of that date, i.e.,
$1=(Yen)118.76, and amounts for the five months ended August 31, 2001, are
translated at the average rate prevailing during that period, i.e.,
$1=(Yen)122.67.
The following table sets forth the composition of Gibraltar Life's general
account investments as of August 31, 2001.
Amount % of Total
--------------- ----------
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities--available for sale, at fair
value:
Public......................................... $17,177 67.0%
Private........................................ 1,074 4.2
Equity securities--available for sale, at fair
value.......................................... 1,118 4.4
Trading account assets, at fair value........... 88 0.3
Commercial and consumer loans, at book value.... 2,920 11.4
Mortgage loans on real estate, at book value.... 518 2.0
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair
value.......................................... 1,610 6.3
Investment real estate.......................... 380 1.5
Policy loans, at amortized cost less
repayments..................................... 413 1.6
Other investments............................... 329 1.3
------- -----
Total Investments.............................. $25,627 100.0%
======= =====
165
Investment Income Yields
The overall annualized yield after investment expenses on Gibraltar Life's
general account invested assets, excluding realized gain (losses), was 1.80%
for the five months ended August 31, 2001.
The following table sets forth the annualized income yield and investment
income, net of investment expense, excluding realized gains (losses), for each
major asset category of the general account for the five months ended August
31, 2001.
Annualized
Yield Amount
---------- ---------------
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities................................. 0.96% $ 66
Equity securities................................ 0.09 1
Trading account assets........................... 1.71 1
Commercial and consumer loans ................... 3.17 42
Mortgage loans on real estate.................... 3.16 8
Loans held for sale.............................. 6.26 66
Investment real estate........................... 5.08 8
Policy loans..................................... 0.16 0
Other investments................................ 7.74 4
---- ----
Total........................................... 1.80% $196
==== ====
Fixed Maturity Securities
The following table sets forth the composition of our fixed maturity
securities portfolio by industry categories as of August 31, 2001.
Amortized % of Total
Cost Cost Fair Value
--------- ---------- ----------
($ in millions)
Japanese national government................ $12,142 66.6% $12,131
Japanese municipal government............... 917 5.0 929
Manufacturing............................... 1,175 6.4 1,180
Utilities................................... 120 0.7 119
Financial institutions...................... 2,107 11.5 2,117
Services.................................... 523 2.9 526
Retail and wholesale........................ 295 1.6 298
Other asset-backed securities............... 320 1.8 315
Transportation.............................. 308 1.7 310
Energy...................................... 191 1.0 189
Foreign government securities other than
Japan and U.S. ............................ 18 0.1 19
Mortgage-backed............................. 14 0.1 14
U.S. States & their political subdivisions.. 13 0.1 13
Other....................................... 91 0.5 91
------- ----- -------
Total...................................... $18,234 100.0% $18,251
======= ===== =======
The following table sets forth the estimated fair value of fixed maturities
by contractual maturity as of August 31, 2001.
($ in millions)
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 5,247
Due after one year through five years....................... 2,803
Due after five years through ten years...................... 5,748
Due after ten years......................................... 4,453
-------
Total...................................................... $18,251
=======
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain
issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations.
Japanese insurance companies are not subject to NAIC guidelines, but are
regulated by the Japanese regulator, the Financial Services Agency ("FSA").
The FSA has its own investment quality criteria and risk control standards,
and these generally are similar in concept to those of the NAIC. Gibraltar
Life complies with all of the FSA's credit quality review and risk monitoring
guidelines.
166
The following tables set forth the composition of Gibraltar Life's public
and private fixed maturity securities portfolio by credit quality according to
ratings assigned by external rating agencies. The credit quality ratings are
predominantly based on ratings assigned by Moody's.
Public Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
Amortized % of Total
Rating Agency Equivalent Cost Cost Fair Value
------------------------ --------- ---------- ----------
($ in millions)
Aaa, Aa, A.................................. $14,882 86.7% $14,889
Baa......................................... 1,868 10.9 1,878
Ba.......................................... 306 1.8 307
C and lower, or unrated..................... 104 0.6 103
------- ----- -------
Total...................................... $17,160 100.0% $17,177
======= ===== =======
Private Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
Amortized % of Total Estimated
Rating Agency Equivalent Cost Cost Fair Value
------------------------ --------- ---------- ----------
($ in millions)
Aaa, Aa, A................................... $ 492 45.8% $ 494
Baa.......................................... 523 48.8 520
Ba........................................... 26 2.4 26
B............................................ 16 1.4 16
C and lower, or unrated...................... 17 1.6 18
------ ----- ------
Total...................................... $1,074 100.0% $1,074
====== ===== ======
Equity Securities
Gibraltar Life's investment policy is to limit its exposure to the equity
market. A portion of its exposure to the equity market has been hedged as of
August 31, 2001 by selling equity futures contracts, and we intend both to
sell Gibraltar Life's equity securities and to buy back equity futures
contracts over time. The period over which we sell Gibraltar Life's equity
securities and buy back equity futures contracts will be based upon market
conditions. Equity futures contracts are carried at fair value and changes in
fair value are recorded within "realized investment gains, net."
Gibraltar Life held approximately 4% of its general account investments in
equity securities as of August 31, 2001. Those securities consisted of
investments in common stock, including $437 million in investments in mutual
funds that invest in debt securities and equity securities. Approximately 59%
of Gibraltar Life's equity securities are publicly traded on the Tokyo Stock
Exchange or the Osaka Stock Exchange. In the five months ended August 31,
2001, Gibraltar Life recognized net realized investment gains from the sale of
equity securities of $19 million.
Commercial and Consumer Loans
Other commercial loans include loans to corporations, financial institutions
and government entities. Although a few of these loans are guaranteed by third
parties or have priority rights to certain cash flows, substantially all of
these loans are uncollateralized.
Consumer loans are loans extended to individuals for financing purchases of
consumer goods and services and are guaranteed by third-party guarantor
companies.
167
The following table sets forth the composition of Gibraltar Life's
commercial and consumer loan portfolio and the related allowance for losses as
of August 31, 2001.
Amortized Loan Loss Book
Cost Allowance Value
--------- --------- ------
($ in millions)
United States $ 77 $ -- $ 77
Japan:
Governments and official institutions........... 79 -- 79
Banks........................................... 938 -- 938
Other financial institutions.................... 1,263 (298) 965
Commercial and industrial....................... 740 (409) 331
Consumer........................................ 167 (3) 164
------ ----- ------
Sub-total....................................... 3,187 (710) 2,477
All Other........................................ 366 -- 366
------ ----- ------
Total........................................... $3,630 $(710) $2,920
====== ===== ======
The following table sets forth the distribution by maturity of Gibraltar
Life's commercial and consumer loan portfolio as of August 31, 2001.
Book
Value % of Total
------ ----------
($ in millions)
Due in one year or less................................... $ 829 28.4%
Due in one year to two years.............................. 578 19.8
Due in two to three years................................. 419 14.3
Due in three to four years................................ 324 11.1
Due in four to five years................................. 154 5.3
Due in five to six years.................................. 162 5.5
Due in six to seven years................................. 101 3.5
Due in seven to eight years............................... 22 0.8
Due in eight to nine years................................ 43 1.5
Due in nine to ten years.................................. 52 1.8
Due in more than ten years................................ 103 3.5
Impaired loans............................................ 133 4.5
------ -----
Total.................................................... $2,920 100.0%
====== =====
The following table sets forth an analysis of commercial and consumer loans
due after one year between those with fixed interest rates and those with
variable interest rates as of August 31, 2001.
Book Value % of Total
---------- ----------
($ in millions)
Fixed interest rate contracts......................... $1,580 80.7%
Variable interest rate contracts...................... 378 19.3
------ -----
Total................................................ $1,958 100.0%
====== =====
The following table sets forth the impaired loans identified in management's
specific review of commercial loans for probable loan losses and the related
allowance for losses as of August 31, 2001.
($ in millions)
Impaired loans with allowance for losses..................... $ 840
Allowance for losses......................................... (707)
-----
Net carrying value of impaired loans......................... $ 133
=====
When management's review identifies a loan as impaired, the loan is
classified as non-accruing and interest is recorded on a cash basis except to
the extent that interest is prepaid. Impaired loans include loans for which
management does not expect to collect all principal and interest payments in
accordance with contractual terms.
168
Interest income recognized on impaired loans held for investment, including
mortgage loans, during the period April 2, 2001 to August 31, 2001 was $0.6
million. Interest foregone on these impaired loans during that period was $8
million.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale as of August 31, 2001 consisted of $1,142 million
carrying amount of mortgage loans on real estate and $468 million carrying
amount of commercial and consumer loans. Substantially all of the $1,142
million of mortgage loans on real estate are residential mortgage loans
guaranteed by third-party guarantors. The consumer loans held for sale are
also guaranteed by third-parties. Management believes that the
creditworthiness of these guarantors is deteriorating. The commercial loans
held for sale are non-performing or sub-performing or reflect large exposures
to certain borrowers. The amount that Gibraltar Life will ultimately realize
from the sale of these loans could differ materially from the amount recorded
as estimated fair value of these loans.
The following table sets forth the composition of Gibraltar Life's
commercial and consumer loan portfolios held for sale as of August 31, 2001.
Amortized Valuation Book
Cost Allowance Value
--------- --------- -----
($ in millions)
Industry Category:
Japan:
Consumer......................................... $402 $ (6) $396
Banks............................................ 72 -- 72
---- ---- ----
Total............................................. $474 $ (6) $468
==== ==== ====
Risks of Acquisition
The acquisition involves a number of risks:
. Our belief that we can continue to operate Gibraltar Life on a
profitable basis after its reorganization may be wrong, and Gibraltar
Life could experience post-reorganization policyholder surrenders and
withdrawals materially different from those we anticipate, which could
adversely affect our results. In addition, Gibraltar Life could incur
material losses, including deterioration of assets and/or lower than
expected investment returns.
. The reorganization proceedings did not extinguish the liabilities of
Gibraltar Life's affiliates. While there can be no assurance, we do not
believe any existing or contingent liabilities of Gibraltar Life's
affiliates involve exposures that are material to our consolidated
financial position or results of operations.
169
DEMUTUALIZATION AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The demutualization will be consummated pursuant to a plan of
reorganization. The following is a summary of the material terms of the
demutualization and the plan of reorganization, including the destacking, the
issuances of Class B Stock and IHC debt and the extraordinary dividend. The
statements below concerning the plan of reorganization, the Class B Stock, the
IHC debt and the inter-business transfers and allocation policies are only a
summary, and reference is made to the plan of reorganization, Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s certificate of incorporation, the subscription agreement
relating to the Class B Stock and the indenture relating to the IHC debt and
the inter-business transfers and allocation policies, copies of which are
filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part. Each statement is qualified in its entirety by such
reference.
The Demutualization
Summary of the Plan of Reorganization
Upon effectiveness of the plan of reorganization, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America will convert from a mutual life insurance company owned by
its policyholders to a stock life insurance company and become a wholly owned
indirect subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. Eligible policyholders as
defined in the plan of reorganization will receive shares of Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s Common Stock, cash or policy credits upon the extinguishment
of all membership interests in The Prudential Insurance Company of America. In
addition, two closed blocks will be established for the benefit of certain
participating individual life insurance policies and annuities issued by The
Prudential Insurance Company of America and its Canadian branch, respectively.
Concurrently, we will sell Common Stock in an initial public offering.
Approval of the Plan of Reorganization
The Commissioner of Banking and Insurance of the State of New Jersey held a
public hearing regarding the plan of reorganization on July 17 and 18, 2001.
At a policyholders' meeting held on July 31, 2001, the policyholders voted to
approve the plan of reorganization. The Commissioner of Banking and Insurance
of the State of New Jersey approved the plan of reorganization on October 15,
2001. For a discussion of challenges to the Commissioner's order approving the
plan of reorganization and how such challenges may negatively affect holders
of Common Stock and could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations or financial conditions, you should read "Risk Factors--
A legal challenge to the plan of reorganization could adversely affect the
terms of the demutualization and the market price of our Common Stock".
Allocation and Payment of Compensation to Eligible Policyholders
Eligible policyholders entitled to receive compensation in the
demutualization consist of:
. policyholders of The Prudential Insurance Company of America;
. U.S. policyholders of PRUCO Life Insurance Company, PRUCO Life Insurance
Company of New Jersey and Prudential Select Life Insurance Company of
America, each of which is a direct or indirect subsidiary of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America;
. holders of certain policies that The Prudential Insurance Company of
America transferred to London Life Insurance Company in 1996 in
connection with the sale of most of its Canadian branch operations and
certain successor policies thereto;
. holders of health insurance policies transferred to Aetna remaining in
Prudential's name or issued by Aetna following notice of non-renewal or
cancellation; and
. holders of policies that The National Life Assurance Company of Canada
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America jointly issued pursuant
to a reinsurance agreement.
In certain situations involving group policies issued to trusts established
by Prudential, we will distribute demutualization compensation directly to
certain participants (which may be either employers or individuals depending
on the nature of the group), rather than the group policyholder, as if each
participant were a separate policyholder.
In addition, we have offered to certain former policyholders who rescinded
their policies, or who gave up their right to acquire policies, through the
alternative dispute resolution process that we established in connection
170
with the settlement of our principal life insurance sales practices
litigation, the opportunity to repurchase their policies and participate in
the demutualization as eligible policyholders.
The compensation an eligible policyholder receives under the plan of
reorganization will be based on the number of shares of Common Stock
notionally allocated to that eligible policyholder. The formula for allocating
notional shares of Common Stock among eligible policyholders has two
components. Every eligible policyholder
will be entitled to receive a minimum allocation of eight notional shares,
which we refer to as the basic fixed component of compensation. Every eligible
policyholder will receive only one basic fixed component regardless of the
number of eligible policies the eligible policyholder owns or their value.
Eligible policyholders will also be entitled to receive an allocation of
notional shares, which we refer to as the basic variable component, if the
eligible policies they own have contributed, or are expected to contribute, to
Prudential's surplus. We will calculate the amount of the basic variable
component, if any, for each eligible policyholder based upon actuarial
formulas. In addition, eligible policyholders receiving cash or policy credits
but not Common Stock will be entitled to an additional allocation of notional
shares equal to approximately 10% of the aggregate of such policyholder's
basic fixed and variable components, subject to a minimum of two additional
notional shares.
We will distribute to all eligible policyholders actual shares of Common
Stock with respect to the number of shares notionally allocated to them in the
demutualization, except as follows:
. We will provide policy credits with respect to policies that are tax-
qualified individual retirement annuities, tax-deferred annuities or
individual life insurance policies or individual annuity contracts issued
in connection with specified tax-qualified plans.
. We will pay cash to each eligible policyholder whose address for mailing
purposes, as of the effective date of the demutualization, as shown on
our records is outside the United States or is shown on our records to be
an address at which mail to such eligible policyholder is undeliverable
within the United States and to each eligible policyholder who holds a
policy that was issued by the Canadian branch of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America and is denominated in Canadian dollars. Cash that we
cannot provide to eligible policyholders because we cannot locate them
will be subject to the unclaimed property acts and escheat laws of
applicable jurisdictions.
. Each eligible policyholder to whom we allocate 50 (or such lower number
as The Prudential Insurance Company of America's Board of Directors
specifies) or fewer shares will receive cash unless such eligible
policyholder affirmatively elects to receive shares.
. We will pay cash to each eligible policyholder whose policy is subject to
a judgment lien, creditor lien (other than a policy loan made by
Prudential) or bankruptcy proceeding as of the effective date of the
demutualization.
We will determine the amount of cash or policy credits an eligible
policyholder will receive by multiplying the number of notional shares
allocated with respect to policies receiving cash or policy credits pursuant
to the foregoing by the greater of:
. the initial public offering price of the Common Stock, or
. an amount equal to the initial public offering price plus, if the average
closing price of the Common Stock for the first 20 days of trading is
greater than 110% of the initial public offering price, such excess, but
not to exceed 10% of the initial public offering price.
We fixed the right of eligible policyholders to receive compensation as of
December 15, 2000, the date on which The Prudential Insurance Company of
America's Board of Directors adopted the plan of reorganization. Except for
the former policyholders who rescinded policies, or who gave up their right to
acquire policies, in the sales practices alternative dispute resolution
process and elect to repurchase their policies to participate in the
demutualization, an eligible policyholder must own one or more eligible
policies that were in force, or were deemed to have been in force under the
plan of reorganization, on the board adoption date in order to be eligible to
receive compensation. We expect to distribute demutualization compensation to
eligible policyholders within 45 days of the effective date, except that where
the amount of compensation to be received by an eligible policyholder cannot
be determined until after the effective date, because of the provision
discussed above that applies if the Common Stock trades at a price greater
than the specified amount over the first 20 trading days, we expect to
distribute compensation within 45 days of the date that such amount and type
are determined.
We have retained Milliman & Robertson, Inc., an actuarial consulting firm,
to advise us in connection with actuarial matters involved in the development
of the plan of reorganization and the payment of compensation to eligible
policyholders. The opinion of Daniel J. McCarthy, M.A.A.A., an independent
consulting actuary
171
associated with Milliman USA, formerly Milliman & Robertson, Inc., dated
December 12, 2000 states that the methodology and underlying assumptions used
to allocate compensation among eligible policyholders set forth in the plan of
reorganization are reasonable and appropriate as required by the New Jersey
demutualization law. We have included a copy of this opinion as Annex A of
this prospectus.
Commission-Free Program and Sales Facility
The plan of reorganization requires us to establish one or more commission-
free programs under which eligible policyholders receiving 99 or fewer shares
of Common Stock in the demutualization, and other shareholders holding 99 or
fewer shares, may sell all, but not less than all, of their shares without
paying brokerage commissions or similar expenses. The commission-free program
will also permit policyholders receiving 99 or fewer shares to purchase enough
additional shares to own exactly 100 shares. In the event that, on any
particular day, the number of shares to be sold under the commission-free
program exceeds the number of shares to be purchased, we will be offered the
opportunity to buy back all or any portion of the excess shares. The sales and
purchases made under the commission-free program will be at prevailing market
prices without brokerage commissions or similar expenses. The commission-free
program will involve transactions effected on a periodic basis on the NYSE.
The first commission-free program will begin no sooner than 90 days after the
effective date of demutualization and not later than the second anniversary of
the effective date of the demutualization and will last for not less than
three months. We estimate that upon consummation of the demutualization we
will have approximately 4 million policyholders who will in total receive in
excess of 166 million shares that we believe would be eligible to participate
in the commission-free program. In addition to the commission-free program, we
will arrange procedures for policyholders to obtain share certificates from
the transfer agent or request transfer of their shares from the transfer agent
to brokerage accounts. In addition, our transfer agent is expected to offer a
sales facility for policyholders holding 1,000 shares of Common Stock or less,
to sell shares, at their own expense, through the transfer agent. The sales
facility will not be available until at least 30 days after the effective date
of the demutualization.
The Closed Block
Under the plan of reorganization, The Prudential Insurance Company of
America will establish a Closed Block for certain participating individual
life insurance policies and annuities issued by The Prudential Insurance
Company of America in the United States. The policies that we will include in
the Closed Block are specified participating individual life insurance
policies and individual annuity contracts that are in force on the effective
date of the reorganization and on which we are currently paying or expect to
pay experience-based policy dividends. The purpose of the Closed Block is to
provide for the reasonable expectations for future policy dividends after
demutualization of the holders of the policies included in the Closed Block.
The operation of the Closed Block is subject to ongoing review by the New
Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. The Closed Block will continue in
effect until the date none of the included policies is in force unless the
Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance consents to
an earlier termination.
We will also establish a separate closed block for the benefit of the owners
of participating individual life insurance policies issued by our Canadian
branch that we did not transfer to London Life. Our objective in establishing
a separate closed block for these Canadian policies is to maintain consistency
with the way we have managed the U.S. and Canadian blocks of business in the
past for pricing and dividend purposes and to simplify the implementation
details related to the funding calculations and cash flow tracking of the
respective groups of policies. We will operate this closed block, which,
because of the substantially smaller number of outstanding Canadian policies,
will be insignificant in size, in a similar manner as the U.S. Closed Block
and reflect it in our Corporate and Other operations of our Financial Services
Businesses; it is not included in our Traditional Participating Products
segment or the Closed Block Business.
The plan of reorganization provides that we may, with the prior consent of
the Commissioner of Banking and Insurance of the State of New Jersey, enter
into agreements to transfer to a third party all or any part of the risks
under the Closed Block policies.
See "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information--
Unaudited Pro Forma Closed Block Information" for pro forma financial
information and the funding of the Closed Block.
172
Related Transactions
In connection with the demutualization, we plan to implement two significant
changes to our organization and capital structure designed to increase the
value of demutualization compensation received by eligible policyholders and
enhance our financial flexibility. These intended changes are:
. on or within 30 days following the date of the demutualization, the
"destacking" or reorganization of the ownership of various subsidiaries
of The Prudential Insurance Company of America so that they become
direct or indirect subsidiaries of Prudential Financial, Inc., and
. concurrently with the date of the demutualization, the issuance of Class
B Stock designed to reflect the performance of the Closed Block Business
and the issuance of IHC debt.
The Destacking
The first planned change is the "destacking". The following chart
illustrates the organization of our principal operating companies prior to the
demutualization.
[FLOW CHART]
In connection with the demutualization, Prudential Financial, Inc. will
become the ultimate holding company for all of our companies. The destacking
will establish Prudential Financial, Inc.'s ownership of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America and the destacked subsidiaries in parallel
ownership chains, rather than "stacked" ownership through The Prudential
Insurance Company of America. The destacking will be accomplished as an
extraordinary dividend concurrently with, or within 30 days following, the
demutualization. To effect the destacking, The Prudential Insurance Company of
America will distribute to Prudential Financial, Inc., directly or indirectly,
the following subsidiaries, together with certain related assets and
liabilities:
. our property and casualty insurance companies,
. our principal securities brokerage companies,
. our international insurance companies,
. our principal asset management operations, and
. our international securities and investments, domestic banking, and
residential real estate brokerage franchise and relocation services
operations.
173
The following chart illustrates the principal elements of our organization
after giving effect to the demutualization and the complete destacking.
[FLOW CHART]
Class B Stock and IHC Debt Issuances
General
We plan to issue shares of Class B Stock of Prudential Financial, Inc. to
institutional investors in a private placement concurrently with this offering
and the initial public offering of our Common Stock. We also plan to issue the
IHC debt concurrently with the demutualization. A portion of the IHC debt will
be insured by a bond insurer. The Class B Stock will be designed to reflect the
performance of the Closed Block Business, including the Closed Block Assets and
Closed Block Liabilities and the Surplus and Related Assets, as well as other
related assets and liabilities noted below, including the IHC debt. We expect
that the IHC debt will be serviced by, and the dividends to the holders of the
Class B Stock will reflect, the net cash flows of the Closed Block Business
over time. The Common Stock issued in the initial public offering will reflect
the performance of our Financial Services Businesses, which will include the
capital previously included in the Traditional Participating Products segment
in excess of the amount necessary to support the Closed Block Business. The
Financial Services Businesses will also include other traditional insurance
products previously included in the Traditional Participating Products segment
but which will not be included in the Closed Block, and the proceeds of issuing
the Class B Stock and IHC debt.
We believe the sale of the Class B Stock and IHC debt will improve the value
and investment attributes of the Common Stock distributed to eligible
policyholders in our demutualization and in the initial public offering of
Common Stock, and this is the purpose of their issuances. We expect the Common
Stock will reflect the performance of our post-demutualization Financial
Services Businesses without reflecting the relatively lower returns of the
participating products included in the Closed Block. Further, we will allocate
the entire net proceeds from the issuances of the Class B Stock and the IHC
debt to our Financial Services Businesses. We will use most of these proceeds
in our Financial Services Businesses, which should further increase the value
of the Financial Services Businesses, although we will use a minority portion
of the proceeds of the IHC debt to service payments on that debt.
For this purpose, on April 25, 2001, we entered into a subscription agreement
pursuant to which American International Group, Inc. and Pacific LifeCorp
agreed to purchase 1.8 million and 0.2 million shares of Class B Stock,
respectively, for a purchase price of $87.50 per share at the time of our
demutualization, which will generate aggregate gross proceeds of $175 million.
On July 31, 2001, we entered into a commitment letter with Financial Security
Assurance Inc. to insure up to $1.75 billion of IHC debt. The number of shares
of Class B Stock and/or the aggregate principal amount of the IHC debt are each
subject to downward adjustment by Prudential Financial, Inc. in the event the
expected annual interest cost of the IHC debt, taken together with the
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cost of insurance therefor and the Target Dividend Amount, exceed a specified
range. The subscription agreement and commitment letter contain various
conditions to the investors' and the bond insurer's respective commitments,
including the absence of specified material adverse changes affecting us or
the Closed Block, the absence of material changes to the proposed terms of the
Class B Stock or IHC debt, and the maintenance of credit ratings. The bond
insurer's commitment is also subject to its obtaining of reinsurance of its
commitment and, to this end, we have negotiated commitments with a number of
reinsurers as to a portion, but not all, of the necessary reinsurance. The
closing of the private placement of the Class B Stock is a condition to this
offering and the initial public offering of our Common Stock but the issuance
of the IHC debt is not a condition to this offering or the initial public
offering.
Dividends declared and paid on the Common Stock will depend upon or be
affected by the financial performance of the Closed Block Business, unless the
Closed Block Business is in financial distress. Dividends declared and paid on
the Common Stock also will not be affected by decisions with respect to
dividend payments on the Class B Stock except as indicated in the following
paragraph.
Dividends declared and paid on the Class B Stock will depend upon the
financial performance of the Closed Block Business and, as the Closed Block
matures, the holders of the Class B Stock will receive the surplus of the
Closed Block Business no longer required to support the Closed Block Business
for regulatory purposes. Dividends on the Class B Stock will be payable in an
aggregate amount per year at least equal to the lesser of (i) a "Target
Dividend Amount" of $19.25 million or (ii) the "CB Distributable Cash Flow"
for such year, which is a measure of the net cash flows of the Closed Block
Business. Notwithstanding this formula, as with any common stock, we will
retain the flexibility to suspend dividends on the Class B Stock; however, if
CB Distributable Cash Flow exists for any period and Prudential Financial,
Inc. chooses not to pay dividends on the Class B Stock in an aggregate amount
at least equal to the lesser of the CB Distributable Cash Flow or the Target
Dividend Amount for that period, then cash dividends cannot be paid on the
Common Stock with respect to such period. The principal component of "CB
Distributable Cash Flow" will be the amount by which Surplus and Related
Assets, determined according to statutory accounting principles, exceed
surplus that would be required for the Closed Block Business considered as a
separate insurer; provided, however, that "CB Distributable Cash Flow" counts
such excess only to the extent distributable as a dividend by The Prudential
Insurance Company of America under specified (but not all) provisions of New
Jersey insurance law. We currently anticipate that CB Distributable Cash Flow
will substantially exceed the Target Dividend Amount. Subject to the
discretion of the Board of Directors of Prudential Financial, Inc., we
currently anticipate paying dividends on the Class B Stock at the Target
Dividend Amount for the foreseeable future.
The Common Stock and the Class B Stock will be separate classes of common
stock under New Jersey corporate law. The shares of Common Stock will vote
together with the shares of Class B Stock on all matters (one share, one vote)
except as otherwise required by law and except that holders of the Class B
Stock will have class voting or consent rights with respect to specified
matters directly affecting the Class B Stock. Upon completion of the
demutualization, this offering, the initial public offering of Common Stock
and the private placement of Class B Stock, Prudential Financial, Inc. will
have approximately 568.3 million total shares of Common Stock and Class B
Stock outstanding, with the shares of Class B Stock representing less than 1%
of the outstanding shares, based on our assumptions regarding the number of
shares issued in the demutualization.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Prudential
Financial, Inc., holders of Common Stock and holders of Class B Stock will be
entitled to receive a proportionate share of the net assets of Prudential
Financial, Inc. that remains after paying all liabilities and the liquidation
preferences of any preferred stock. This liquidation proportion will be based
on the average market value per share of the Common Stock, determined over a
specified trading period ending 60 days after the initial public offering of
Common Stock, and the issuance price per share of the Class B Stock.
The issuer of the IHC debt will be Prudential Holdings, LLC. Prudential
Holdings, LLC will distribute most of the net proceeds to Prudential
Financial, Inc. for use for general corporate purposes. Prudential
Holdings, LLC will deposit a minority portion of the net proceeds of the IHC
debt in a debt service coverage account which, together with reinvested
earnings thereon, will constitute a source of payment and security for the IHC
debt. To the extent we use such net proceeds to service payments with respect
to the IHC debt or to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc. for purposes
of the Closed Block Business, a loan from the Financial Services Businesses to
the Closed Block Business would be established. Such inter-business loan would
be repaid by the Closed Block Business to the Financial Services Businesses
when earnings from the Closed Block Business replenish funds in the debt
service coverage account to a specified level.
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We believe that the proceeds of issuances of the Class B Stock and IHC debt
will reflect capital in excess of that necessary to support the Closed Block
Business and that the Closed Block Business will have sufficient assets and
cash flows to service the IHC debt. The investors in the Class B Stock and the
bond insurer have agreed to this allocation and usage of issuance proceeds.
The Closed Block Business will be financially leveraged through the issuance
of the IHC debt, and dividends on the Class B Stock will be subject to prior
servicing of the IHC debt.
In order to separately reflect the financial performance of the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business, we will allocate all our
assets and liabilities and earnings between the two Businesses and account for
them as if they are separate legal entities. Assets and liabilities allocated
to the Closed Block Business will be those that we consider appropriate to
operate that business. You can see pro forma information regarding this
allocation under "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Information". After giving effect to the demutualization and the issuance of
Class B Stock and the IHC debt, the Closed Block Business would consist
principally of:
. Within The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Closed Block Assets,
Surplus and Related Assets and deferred policy acquisition costs and
other assets and, with respect to liabilities, Closed Block Liabilities.
. Within Prudential Holdings, LLC, the principal amount of the IHC debt and
related unamortized debt issuance costs and hedging activities.
. Within Prudential Financial, Inc., dividends received from Prudential
Holdings, LLC, and reinvestment thereof, and other liabilities of
Prudential Financial, Inc., in each case as attributable to the Closed
Block Business.
The Financial Services Businesses will bear any expenses and liabilities from
litigation affecting the Closed Block policies and the consequences of certain
adverse tax determinations. In addition, in the nine months ended September
30, 2001, a reserve of $160 million was recorded in the Traditional
Participating Products segment for death and other benefits due with respect
to policies for which we have not received a death claim but where death has
occurred. Upon demutualization, this reserve will become a liability of the
Financial Services Businesses and any subsequent reestimation of this reserve
(upward or downward) will be included in adjusted operating income of the
Financial Services Businesses. The foregoing items would therefore be
reflected in the Financial Services Businesses, and not in the Closed Block
Business. In connection with the sale of the Class B Stock and IHC debt, we
have agreed, or expect to agree, to indemnify the investors with respect to
certain matters, and such indemnification will be borne by the Financial
Services Businesses.
The following table sets forth the allocation of assets and liabilities to
the Closed Block Business on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2001:
Assets Liabilities
------- -----------
(in millions)
Traditional Participating Products segment within The
Prudential Insurance Company of America(1):
Closed Block Assets...................................... $58,822 --
Surplus and Related Assets............................... 3,671 --
Closed Block Liabilities................................. $61,084
Deferred policy acquisition costs and other assets....... 1,392 --
Prudential Holdings, LLC:
IHC debt................................................. -- 1,750
Other liabilities........................................ -- 108
Unamortized debt issuance costs.......................... 20 --
Prudential Financial, Inc.:
Dividends received from Prudential Holdings, LLC......... -- --
------- -------
Closed Block Business(1).................................. $63,905 $62,942
======= =======
--------
(1) Closed Block Business amounts exclude certain assets and liabilities
allocated to the Financial Services Businesses at the time of the
establishment of the Closed Block.
All assets and liabilities of Prudential Financial, Inc. and its
subsidiaries not included in the Closed Block Business will constitute the
Financial Services Businesses. The Financial Services Businesses will include
the capital previously included in the Traditional Participating Products
segment in excess of the amount necessary to support the Closed Block
Business. Additionally, the minor portion of traditional insurance products
historically included in the Traditional Participating Products segment but
which will not be included in the Closed Block would be reflected in our
Individual Life Insurance segment.
It is expected that any inter-business loan referred to above will be repaid
in full out of Surplus and Related Assets, but not Closed Block Assets. Such
loan will be subordinate to the IHC debt.
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The following diagram reflects the planned allocation of Prudential
Financial, Inc.'s consolidated assets and liabilities between the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business after giving effect to the
demutualization and the destacking:
[FLOW CHART]
You should understand that there will be no legal separation of the two
Businesses. The foregoing allocation of assets and liabilities will not
require Prudential Financial, Inc., The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, any of their subsidiaries, or the Closed Block to transfer any
specific assets or liabilities to a new entity.
The Class B Stock will be exchangeable for or convertible into shares of
Common Stock at any time at our discretion, at the discretion of the holders
of Class B Stock in the event of certain regulatory events, or mandatorily in
the event of a change of control of Prudential Financial, Inc. or a sale of
all or substantially all of the Closed Block Business. Commencing in 2016, the
Class B Stock will be convertible at the discretion of the holders of the
Class B Stock. Upon exchange or conversion of the Class B Stock, the
Businesses would cease to be separated and the intended benefits of the
separation noted above would also cease.
Financial Reporting
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s GAAP financial statements reported to you will
be prepared so that the following financial disclosures will be made following
demutualization:
. audited annual consolidated financial statements and unaudited interim
consolidated financial statements of Prudential Financial, Inc. as would
otherwise be prepared regardless of the issuance of the Class B Stock;
and
. audited supplemental combining financial information on an annual basis
and unaudited supplemental combining financial information on an interim
basis, which will separately report the financial position and results of
operations of the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block
Business.
Even though Prudential Financial, Inc. will allocate all of its consolidated
assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and cash flow between the Financial
Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business, there will be
no legal separation of the two Businesses, and holders of Common Stock and
holders of Class B Stock will be common stockholders of Prudential Financial,
Inc. and, as such, will be subject to all risks associated with an investment
in Prudential Financial, Inc. and all of its businesses, assets and
liabilities. This means that:
. holders of Common Stock will have no equity interest in a legal entity
representing the Financial Services Businesses;
. holders of Class B Stock will have no equity interest in a legal entity
representing the Closed Block Business; and
. holders of each class of common stock will be subject to all of the risks
associated with an investment in Prudential Financial, Inc. and all of
our businesses, assets and liabilities.
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Within the Closed Block Business the assets and cash flows attributable to
the Closed Block will inure solely to the benefit of the Closed Block
policyholders through policyholder dividends after payment of benefits,
expenses and taxes. The Surplus and Related Assets will inure to the benefit
of the holders of Class B Stock. The earnings on, and distribution of, the
Surplus and Related Assets over time will be the source or measure of payment
of the interest and principal of the IHC debt and of dividends on the Class B
Stock. The earnings of the Closed Block will be reported as part of the Closed
Block Business, although no cash flows or assets of the Closed Block will
inure to the benefit of the holders of Common Stock or Class B Stock. The
Closed Block Assets will not be available to service interest and principal of
the IHC debt or dividends on the Class B Stock.
Inter-Business Transfers and Allocation Policies
While all our assets and liabilities will be allocated between the
Businesses, we will be permitted to make transfers of assets and liabilities
between the Businesses in order to accomplish cash management objectives, to
fund, if necessary, unsatisfied liabilities of one Business with the assets of
the other, to pay taxes and to achieve other objectives which we may deem
appropriate, subject to regulatory oversight. In addition, we will retain
discretion over accounting policies and the appropriate allocation of earnings
between the two Businesses.
The Board of Directors will adopt certain policies with respect to inter-
business transfers and accounting and tax matters, including the allocation of
earnings. Such policies are summarized below. In the future, the Board of
Directors may modify, rescind or add to any of these policies, although it has
no present intention to do so. However, the decision of the Board of Directors
to modify, rescind or add to any of these policies would be subject to the
Board of Directors' general fiduciary duties. In addition, we have agreed with
the investors in the Class B Stock and the insurer of the IHC debt that, in
most instances, the Board of Directors may not change these policies without
their consent.
Inter-Business Transactions and Transfers
The transactions which will be permitted between the Financial Services
Businesses and the Closed Block Business, subject to any required regulatory
approvals and the limitations under the IHC debt, include the following:
. The Closed Block Business may lend to the Financial Services Businesses
and the Financial Services Businesses may lend to the Closed Block
Business, in either case on terms no less favorable to the Closed Block
Business than comparable internal loans and only for cash management
purposes in the ordinary course of business and on market terms pursuant
to our internal short-term cash management facility.
. Other transactions between the Closed Block and businesses outside of the
Closed Block, including the Financial Services Businesses, are permitted
if, among other things, such transactions benefit the Closed Block, are
at fair market value and do not exceed, in any calendar year, a specified
formulaic amount.
. Capital contributions to The Prudential Insurance Company of America may
be for the benefit of either the Financial Services Businesses or the
Closed Block Business and assets of the Financial Services Businesses
within The Prudential Insurance Company of America may be transferred to
the Closed Block Business within The Prudential Insurance Company of
America in the form of a loan which is subordinated to all existing
obligations of the Closed Block Business on market terms.
. An inter-business loan from the Financial Services Businesses to the
Closed Block Business may be established to reflect usage of the net
proceeds of the IHC debt initially deposited in the debt service coverage
account, and any reinvested earnings thereon, to pay debt service on the
IHC debt or dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc. for purposes of the
Closed Block Business.
. In addition to the foregoing, the Financial Services Businesses may lend
to the Closed Block Business, on either a subordinated or non-
subordinated basis, on market terms as may be approved by Prudential
Financial, Inc.
. The Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business may
engage in such other transactions on market terms as may be approved by
Prudential Financial, Inc. and, if applicable, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America.
. The Board of Directors has discretion to transfer assets of the Financial
Services Businesses to the Closed Block, or use such assets for the
benefit of Closed Block policyholders, if it believes such transfer or
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usage is in the best interests of the Financial Services Businesses, and
such transfer or usage may be made without requiring any repayment of the
amounts transferred or used or the payment of any other consideration from
the Closed Block Business.
. Cash payments for administrative purposes from the Closed Block Business
to the Financial Services Businesses will be based on formulas that
initially approximate the actual expenses incurred by the Financial
Services Businesses to provide such services. Administrative expenses
recorded by the Closed Block Business, and the related income tax effect,
will be based upon actual expenses incurred under GAAP. Any difference in
the cash amount transferred and actual expenses incurred as reported
under GAAP will be recorded, on an after-tax basis at the applicable
current rate, as direct adjustments to the respective GAAP equity
balances of the Closed Block Business and the Financial Services
Businesses, without the issuance of shares of either Business to the
other Business. Internal investment expenses recorded and paid by the
Closed Block Business, and the related income tax effect, will be based
upon actual expenses incurred under GAAP and in accordance with internal
arrangements governing record keeping, bank fees, accounting and
reporting, asset allocation, investment policy and planning and analysis.
Accounting Policies
Accounting policies relating to the allocation of assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses between the two Businesses include:
. All our assets, liabilities, equity and earnings will be allocated
between the two Businesses and accounted for as if the Businesses were
separate legal entities. Assets and liabilities allocated to the Closed
Block Business will be those that we consider appropriate to operate that
Business. All remaining assets and liabilities of Prudential Financial,
Inc. and its subsidiaries will constitute the Financial Services
Businesses.
. For financial reporting purposes, revenues, administrative, overhead and
investment expenses, taxes other than federal income taxes, and certain
commissions and commission-related expenses associated with the Closed
Block Business will be allocated between the Closed Block Business and
the Financial Services Businesses in accordance with GAAP. Interest
expense and routine maintenance and administrative costs generated by the
IHC debt is considered directly attributable to the Closed Block Business
and is therefore allocated in its entirety to the Closed Block Business
except as indicated below.
. Any transfers of funds between the Closed Block Business and the
Financial Services Businesses will typically be accounted for as either
reimbursement of expense, investment income, return of principal or a
subordinated loan, except as contemplated under "--Inter-Business
Transactions and Transfers" above.
. The Financial Services Businesses will bear any expenses and liabilities
from litigation affecting the Closed Block policies, subsequent reserve
reestimations (if any) with respect to specified incurred but not
reported death claims recorded as of demutualization as noted above and
the consequences of certain adverse tax determinations noted below. In
connection with the sale of the Class B Stock and IHC debt, we have
agreed, or expect to agree, to indemnify the investors with respect to
certain matters, and such indemnification will be borne by the Financial
Services Businesses.
Tax Allocation and Tax Treatment
The Closed Block Business within each legal entity will be treated as if it
were a consolidated subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. Accordingly, if
the Closed Block Business has taxable income, it will recognize its share of
income tax as if it were a consolidated subsidiary of Prudential Financial,
Inc. If the Closed Block Business has losses or credits, it will recognize a
current income tax benefit.
If the Closed Block Business within any legal entity has taxable income, it
will pay its share of income tax in cash to the Financial Services Businesses.
If it has losses or credits, it will receive its benefit in cash from the
Financial Services Businesses. If the losses or credits cannot be currently
utilized in the consolidated federal income tax return of Prudential
Financial, Inc. for the year in which such losses or credits arise, the Closed
Block Business will still receive the full benefit in cash, and the Financial
Services Businesses will subsequently recover the payment for itself at the
time the losses or credits are actually utilized in computing estimated
payments or in the consolidated federal income tax return of Prudential
Financial, Inc. Certain tax costs and benefits are
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determined under the plan of reorganization with respect to the Closed Block
using statutory accounting rules that may give rise to tax costs or tax
benefits prior to the time that those costs or benefits are actually realized
for tax purposes. If at any time the Closed Block Business is allocated any
such tax cost or a tax benefit under the plan of reorganization that is not
realized at that same time under the relevant tax rules but will be realized
in the future, the Closed Block Business will pay such tax cost or receive
such tax benefit at that time, but it shall be paid to or paid by the
Financial Services Businesses. When such tax cost or tax benefit is
subsequently realized under the relevant tax rules, the tax cost or tax
benefit shall be allocated to the Financial Services Businesses. The foregoing
principles will be applied so as to prevent any item of income, deduction,
gain, loss, credit, tax cost or tax benefit being taken into account more than
once by the Closed Block Business (including the Closed Block) or the
Financial Services Businesses. For this purpose, items determined under the
plan of reorganization with respect to any period prior to the effective date
of the demutualization ("Pre-Closing Tax Attributes") shall be taken into
account with any such Pre-Closing Tax Attributes relating to the Closed Block
being attributed to the Closed Block Business and all other Pre-Closing Tax
Attributes being attributed to the Financial Services Businesses. The Closed
Block Business will also pay or receive its appropriate share of tax or
interest resulting from adjustments attributable to the settlement of tax
controversies or the filing of amended tax returns to the extent such tax or
interest relates to controversies or amended returns arising with respect to
the Closed Block Business and attributable to tax periods after the initial
public offering of Common Stock, except to the extent that such tax is
directly attributable to the characterization of the IHC debt for tax
purposes, in which case the tax shall be borne by the Financial Services
Businesses. In particular (and without limitation of the foregoing) if a
change of tax law after the demutualization, including any change in the
interpretation of any tax law, results in the recharacterization of all or
part of the IHC debt for tax purposes or a significant reduction in the income
tax benefit associated with the interest expense on all or part of the IHC
debt, the Financial Services Businesses will continue to pay the foregone
income tax benefit to the Closed Block Business until the IHC debt has been
repaid or Prudential Holdings, LLC has been released from its obligations to
the bond insurer and under the IHC debt as if such recharacterization or
reduction of actual benefit has not occurred.
Class B Stock
You should read "Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock" below for a
further description of the terms of the Class B Stock and how such terms will
affect your rights as a holder of our Common Stock.
IHC debt
We plan to issue the IHC debt through Prudential Holdings, LLC, a newly-
formed intermediate holding company of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, whose principal asset will be 100% of the stock of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America. If issued, the IHC debt will be sold in a
private placement to institutional investors concurrently with this offering
and the initial public offering of our Common Stock. If issued, the principal
amount of the IHC debt is expected to be up to $1.75 billion. The IHC debt may
bear interest at fixed rates and/or floating rates. We expect that the IHC
debt will be serviced by the net cash flows of the Closed Block Business. We
expect that Prudential Holdings, LLC will issue a portion of the IHC debt with
insurance of principal and interest payments provided by a bond insurer. Most
of the net proceeds of the IHC debt will be distributed to Prudential
Financial, Inc. for use for general corporate purposes. A minority portion of
the net proceeds of the IHC debt will be deposited by Prudential Holdings, LLC
in a debt service coverage account which, together with reinvested earnings
thereon, will constitute a source of payment and security for the IHC debt.
The issuance of the IHC debt is not assured and is not a condition to
completion of this offering or the initial public offering of Common Stock.
The IHC debt will be senior, secured indebtedness of Prudential Holdings,
LLC. Its maturity is expected to be 22 years, although Prudential Holdings,
LLC may redeem the debt at any time at a premium through the first twelve
years following the issuance year and without a premium thereafter. In
addition, the bond insurer will have the right to require Prudential Holdings,
LLC to redeem all of the outstanding IHC debt issued with bond insurance upon
certain material adverse regulatory events or if there is a "change of
control" of Prudential Financial, Inc. (defined similarly to a "change of
control" for the purposes of the Class B Stock, as described under
"Description of Capital Stock--Common Stock--Exchange and Conversion
Provisions"). The IHC debt will be secured by a proportion of the outstanding
shares of The Prudential Insurance Company of America not exceeding 49% of
such shares. Additionally, the IHC debt will be secured by funds held in a
debt service coverage account. The terms of the IHC debt will contain various
covenants, including general prohibitions on Prudential
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Holdings, LLC's incurrence of indebtedness other than the IHC debt,
limitations on dividend payments by The Prudential Insurance Company of
America with respect to the Closed Block Business, and limitations on the
business activities of Prudential Holdings, LLC and the non-life insurance
business activities of The Prudential Insurance Company of America. In
particular, the terms of the IHC debt: require that The Prudential Insurance
Company of America will engage only in business similar to the business it is
engaged in at the time of demutualization; following destacking, restrict the
payment of dividends by Prudential Holdings, LLC with respect to the Closed
Block Business in the event of a default under the IHC debt until the default
is cured; limit the amount of dividends that The Prudential Insurance Company
of America may pay with respect to each of the Closed Block Business and the
Financial Services Businesses in certain specified circumstances; and require
that The Prudential Insurance Company of America's dividend capacity be used
first to fund dividend payments with respect to the Closed Block Business in
the event (i) Prudential Financial, Inc.'s or The Prudential Insurance Company
of America's credit ratings are downgraded below specified levels, (ii) the
Closed Block Business performs materially less well than anticipated, (iii) an
event of default occurs and is not waived or (iv) Surplus and Related Assets
are utilized to pay policyholder dividends on Closed Block policies. If an
event of default occurs, the bond insurer may elect to foreclose on the
collateral, including the pledged shares of The Prudential Insurance Company
of America. Events of default under the IHC debt include: any payment by the
bond insurer under the bond insurance; failure of Prudential Holdings, LLC to
make specified deposits in the debt service coverage account; failure of
Prudential Financial, Inc. to make payments to Prudential Holdings, LLC
pursuant to certain tax agreements; and failure of Prudential Holdings, LLC to
pay premiums on the bond insurance when due.
Statutory Information
Following the destacking, The Prudential Insurance Company of America's
statutory net income and surplus will be significantly reduced. The following
table reflects historical statutory financial information for The Prudential
Insurance Company of America and pro forma statutory financial information
reflecting the demutualization and the destacking as if they had occurred on
January 1, 2000 for purposes of statutory net gain from operations and net
loss and on September 30, 2001 for statutory adjusted capital purposes:
As of and for
the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2001
-------------------------
Historical Pro Forma
----------- ----------
(in millions)
Surplus and Asset Valuation Reserve(1)............ $ 12,234 $ 6,711
One-half dividend liability(2).................... 1,285 1,285
----------- ----------
Total Adjusted Capital........................... 13,519 7,996
Net gain from operations(3)....................... 280 270
Net realized capital losses (653) (653)
----------- ----------
Net loss......................................... $ (373) $ (383)
=========== ==========
--------
(1) Includes asset valuation reserve for subsidiaries of $55 million not
included in The Prudential Insurance Company of America's asset valuation
reserve. The actual amount of change in surplus and asset valuation
reserve for the demutualization and destacking may differ as a result of
operations and capital activities subsequent to September 30, 2001.
(2) One-half of the policyholder dividends apportioned for payment to December
31 of the following year and policyholder dividends not yet apportioned.
(3) Pro forma net loss from operations does not include $412 million we expect
to pay to eligible existing Canadian policyholders and to holders of
certain policies that The Prudential Insurance Company of America
transferred to London Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale
of most of its Canadian branch operations. These payments will be recorded
as an expense at the time of the demutualization but have not been
reflected in the pro forma net loss from operations as they will not have
a continuing impact.
In addition to the adjustments for the destacking, pro forma 2001 net gain
from operations and net loss above have been adjusted to reflect the
elimination of the equity tax because The Prudential Insurance Company of
America will no longer be subject to equity taxes after demutualization, and
the related earnings on these adjustments.
As discussed under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations", the current statutory limitation on the
payment of non-extraordinary dividends by The Prudential Insurance Company of
America is that dividends be paid from unassigned surplus, less unrealized
capital gains and revaluation of assets, in an amount not greater than the
greater of (1) 10% of surplus as regards policyholders as of the December 31
next preceding the date of the proposed dividend or (2) the net gain from
operations of such insurer, not including realized capital gains, for the 12-
month period ending the December 31 next preceding the date of the proposed
dividend.
181
For purposes of (1) of the foregoing limitation, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America's surplus was $9,270 billion at September 30, 2001 and, on
a pro forma basis, giving effect to the foregoing assumptions, would have been
$3.915 billion at September 30, 2001. We anticipate that surplus will be
adequate to provide for dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc. after
demutualization.
With respect to (2) of the foregoing limitation, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America's 2001 statutory net gain from operations will be
negatively affected by the expense associated with payments of demutualization
consideration to be made to eligible existing Canadian policyholders and to
holders of certain policies that The Prudential Insurance Company of America
transferred to London Life Insurance Company in connection with the sale of
most of its Canadian branch operations.
With respect to the "unassigned surplus" requirement, while unassigned
surplus will be reduced to zero upon demutualization, we expect it will grow
thereafter in the ordinary course of business over time, including gains from
operations and any realized capital gains.
After giving effect to the above transactions, we believe that The
Prudential Insurance Company of America will be adequately capitalized to meet
all regulatory requirements and to carry out its business plan.
Federal Income Tax Consequences to Policyholders
It is a condition to the effectiveness of the plan of reorganization that we
receive either rulings from the Internal Revenue Service or opinions from one
or more nationally recognized independent tax counsel substantially to the
effect that:
. policies issued or purchased before the demutualization will not be
deemed newly issued, issued in exchange for existing policies or newly
purchased for any material federal income tax purpose as a result of the
conversion of The Prudential Insurance Company of America from a mutual
to a stock life insurance company under the plan of reorganization or, in
the case of the policies described in the following paragraph, the
crediting of compensation in the form of policy credits; and
. the crediting of compensation in the form of policy credits to tax-
qualified individual retirement annuities (under section 408 or 408A),
tax deferred annuities (under section 403(b)), or individual life
insurance policies or individual annuity contracts issued in connection
with plans qualified under section 401(a) or 403(a) of the Internal
Revenue Code will not adversely affect the tax-favored status accorded to
such contracts under the Internal Revenue Code, and will not be treated
as a distribution under, or a contribution to, such contracts under the
Internal Revenue Code.
By letters dated April 26, 2000, June 12, 2000 and September 28, 2001, we
received these rulings from the IRS.
It is also a condition to the effectiveness of the plan of reorganization
that a nationally recognized independent tax counsel opines that the summary
of the principal federal income tax consequences to eligible policyholders of
their receipt of compensation under the plan of reorganization that is set
forth in the policyholder information booklet is accurate as of the date of
such policyholder information booklet and remains accurate in all material
respects under the applicable federal income tax law in effect as of the
effective date of the plan of reorganization, with the exception of
developments between the mailing date and the effective date of the plan of
reorganization that The Prudential Insurance Company of America determines to
be not materially adverse to the interests of the eligible policyholders.
182
Federal Income Tax Consequences to Prudential
By letter dated April 26, 2000, we received rulings from the IRS
substantially to the effect that:
. no income, gain or loss should be recognized by Prudential Financial,
Inc. or The Prudential Insurance Company of America for federal income
tax purposes as a result of the conversion of The Prudential Insurance
Company of America from a mutual to a stock life insurance company or the
distribution of Common Stock to eligible policyholders in exchange for
their membership interests in The Prudential Insurance Company of
America;
. the federal income tax attributes of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, including its tax basis and holding period of its assets,
carryforwards of tax losses or other tax benefits (if any) and accounting
methods should not be affected by its conversion from a mutual to a stock
life insurance company;
. the affiliated federal income tax group of which The Prudential Insurance
Company of America is the common parent immediately before the
reorganization will remain in existence and will continue to be able to
file a consolidated federal income tax return, with Prudential Financial,
Inc. as the new common parent of the group and The Prudential Insurance
Company of America as an eligible member for inclusion in the group; and
. the major distributions in connection with the destacking described in
this prospectus are tax-free to Prudential Financial, Inc., The
Prudential Insurance Company of America and its affiliates.
By letter dated September 28, 2001, we received a supplemental ruling from
the IRS confirming that certain changes that have been made to the proposed
structure since we received the ruling letter, such as the issuance of the
Class B Stock, would not change these rulings.
With respect to the Class B Stock, the IRS will not issue advance rulings on
the classification of an instrument whose dividend rights are determined by
reference to the earnings of a segregated portion of the issuing corporation's
assets, including assets held by a subsidiary, and accordingly, no ruling has
been sought from the IRS. In addition, there are no court decisions or other
authorities bearing directly on the classification of instruments with
characteristics similar to those of the Class B Stock. However, we believe
that the Class B Stock should be treated as common stock of Prudential
Financial, Inc., and that the issuance of the Class B Stock should not result
in taxation to us.
The preceding summary of the federal income tax consequences to
policyholders and Prudential is based on the Internal Revenue Code,
regulations thereunder, administrative interpretations thereof and judicial
interpretations with respect thereto, all of which are subject to change. In
particular, Congress could enact legislation affecting the treatment of stock
with characteristics similar to the Class B Stock, or the Treasury Department
could issue regulations that change current law. Any future legislation or
regulations could, but are unlikely to, apply retroactively. We may issue
additional Common Stock in exchange for Class B Stock if the enactment of
legislative or administrative changes would adversely affect us.
The opinions of our special tax counsel are not binding on the IRS. The
opinions of our special tax counsel, and any IRS rulings obtained, are based
on the accuracy of representations, statements and undertakings by us.
183
BUSINESS
We are one of the largest financial services institutions in the United
States. We provide a wide range of insurance, investment management and other
financial products and services and have more than 15 million individual and
institutional customers in the United States and over 30 foreign countries. We
have one of the largest distribution forces in the financial services
industry, with approximately 21,900 sales people worldwide at September 30,
2001, including approximately
. 4,900 Prudential Agents,
. 4,000 international Life Planners and 6,600 Gibraltar Life Advisors, and
. 6,400 domestic and international Financial Advisors.
We also distribute our retail products through a number of alternative
channels, including PruSelect and our workplace marketing platforms. We have a
leading or significant market presence in most of the markets we serve.
The following table shows the primary products, primary sales channels and
other sales channels for each of the segments in our Financial Services
Businesses.
FINANCIAL SERVICES BUSINESSES Primary Products Primary Sales Channels Other Sales Channels
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Consumer Division
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual Life Insurance .Variable life .Prudential Agents .PruSelect
.Term life .Financial Advisors
.Universal life
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Client Group .Financial advisory and .Financial Advisors .Internet (securities
brokerage services transactions only)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Consumer banking .Direct sales .Telemarketing
.Internet
.Financial Advisors
.Prudential Agents
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retail Investments .Mutual funds .Financial Advisors .Independent financial
.Wrap-fee products .Prudential Agents advisors
.Variable annuities .Independent registered
.Fixed annuities representatives
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Property and Casualty Insurance .Automobile .Prudential Agents .Independent agents
.Homeowners .Workplace marketing
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee Benefits Division
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group Insurance .Group term life .Institutional sales force .Prudential Agents
.Group disability .Independent benefits
brokers and consultants
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Employee Benefits .Retirement plans, incl. .Financial Advisors .Prudential Agents
defined contribution plans .Institutional sales forces .Independent benefits
.Guaranteed products brokers and consultants
.Direct distribution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.Real estate franchises .Institutional sales forces
and relocation services
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
International Division
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
International Insurance .Traditional whole life .Life Planners
.Term life .Gibraltar Life Advisors
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
International Securities and .International securities .Financial Advisors .Internet
Investments sales and trading .Institutional sales force (securities transactions
only)
.International asset .Third-party distribution
management
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asset Management Division
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Management and Advisory .Institutional asset .Institutional sales force
Services management
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Asset Management .Proprietary activities .Institutional sales force
184
U.S. Consumer Division
The U.S. Consumer division conducts its operations through four segments:
Individual Life Insurance, Private Client Group, Retail Investments and
Property and Casualty Insurance.
. Individual Life Insurance manufactures and distributes variable life,
term life and other non-participating life insurance products to the
U.S. retail market and distributes investment and protection products
with proprietary and non-proprietary investment options for our other
segments as well as selected insurance products manufactured by others.
. Private Client Group offers full service securities brokerage and
financial advisory services to U.S. retail customers.
. Retail Investments manufactures, distributes and services mutual funds,
variable and fixed annuities and wrap-fee products, utilizing
proprietary and non-proprietary asset management expertise, to U.S.
retail customers.
. Property and Casualty Insurance manufactures and distributes personal
lines property and casualty insurance products, principally automobile
and homeowners insurance, to the U.S. retail market.
Division Strategy
In our U.S. Consumer division, we have aligned our strategies around two
distinct customer markets: the mass affluent market and the mass market. In
general, we define households with income or investable assets between
$100,000 and $250,000 as mass affluent and households with income and
investable assets of less than $100,000 as mass market. Our strategy includes
the following components:
. Grow our U.S. retail mass affluent customer base. Our domestic customer
base includes approximately 3.6 million U.S. retail households with
incomes or investable assets in excess of $100,000. We believe that the
mass affluent market offers the best opportunity for growth in revenues
and profit margins and we seek to expand our presence in the mass
affluent market as well as in the emerging affluent and pre-retirement
markets. We have taken several steps to improve the quality of services
provided to the mass affluent market by our Prudential Agent and
Financial Advisor distribution system. First, we are targeting new hires
for our Prudential Agent force with college educations and prior
experience and are enhancing the training and product choices available
to them. Second, we have increased the productivity standards for our
Prudential Agents several times in the past few years. The actions we
have taken to improve the quality and productivity of our Prudential
Agent force have resulted in a reduction in the size of the agency
force. In 2001, we have again increased the productivity standards.
Third, we have begun to transition our Prudential Agents from a
transaction focus using proprietary products to meet our customers'
financial needs to an approach of offering advice on an array of
products manufactured by Prudential as well as other companies. This
advice-based approach enables our customers to make more informed
decisions about investment and insurance choices. We also have begun to
transition our Financial Advisors from a transaction focus to an
approach emphasizing fee-based financial advisory services to better
meet the needs of the mass affluent market.
The productivity of our Prudential Agents, as measured by average
commissions on new sales of all products by agents employed the entire
year, has increased 86% from $18,700 in 1996 to $34,700 in 2000. The
productivity of our domestic Financial Advisors, as measured by gross
revenues, has increased 26% from $319,000 in 1996 to $401,000 in 2000.
Productivity on an annualized basis has declined during the first nine
months of 2001 to $29,480 from $30,320 for the first nine months of 2000
for our Prudential Agents and to $338,000 from $412,000 for the first
nine months of 2000 for our domestic Financial Advisors, due in large
part to the slowdown of the economy and the decline of the stock market.
. Improve the profitability of our existing U.S. consumer franchise. In
addition to our affluent and mass affluent customers, we have an
existing customer base of nearly eight million U.S. households which we
refer to as the mass market. We seek to improve the profitability of
this customer base by reducing the cost of our operations
infrastructure.
. Expand distribution channels to meet customer needs. In addition to our
Prudential sales forces, we are expanding our distribution channels to
allow U.S. retail customers to access us through the distribution
methods of their choice. Our distribution platform now includes multiple
points of access including independent financial advisors, affinity
programs, workplace marketing and the Internet. PruSelect, our
185
third-party distribution channel, which has historically focused on serving
the intermediaries who provide insurance solutions in support of estate and
wealth transfer planning for affluent individuals, is expanding its focus
to include mass affluent individuals in addition to affluent individuals.
We have begun to establish additional third-party channels for life
insurance products, including broker-dealers and independent producers. We
sell our retail investment products such as mutual funds, annuities, wrap-
fee products and unit investment trusts through third-party intermediaries,
including national and regional broker-dealers and independent financial
advisors. Net sales of investment products, other than money market funds,
through this channel totaled $2.0 billion in the first nine months of 2001.
We also seek to expand distribution of our retail investment products and
investment management capabilities by participating in other companies'
multi-manager investment platforms. We have invested in workplace/payroll
deduction models with our minority investment in an Internet-based employee
benefits broker.
Prudential Securities was one of the first full-service brokerage
firms to develop and offer electronic choices in connection with full-
service brokerage accounts. We believe that Internet technology and
electronic commerce will continue to provide us with new and more
efficient ways to communicate with and distribute products to our
customers.
. Reposition Prudential Securities' domestic businesses to focus on
investors rather than issuers. In the fourth quarter of 2000, we exited
Prudential Securities' lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate
issuers and institutional fixed income businesses. We continue to
provide fixed income products and services and are increasing the
resources for fixed income research and portfolio capabilities to
support our Private Client Group. We also continue to act as a co-
manager for equity new issues and engage in underwritings led by
investment banks to generate new issue market products for our investor
clients. Our equity research group, which previously focused on
supporting our investment bank, is being refocused to provide objective
investment advice to both our individual and institutional investor
clients. We believe that this strategic repositioning, through which we
will seek to enhance the quality of advice and service that we provide
to our clients, will differentiate us from our competitors.
. Reduce operating cost structures and overhead levels. We have taken
actions to reduce the operating cost structures and overhead levels of
the businesses of the U.S. Consumer Division. In the Individual Life
Insurance segment, a program to restructure our field management and
agency structure resulted in a reduction in the number of sales
territories, establishing a smaller number of larger field offices, and
eliminating approximately 1,700 management and non-agent positions. In
the Private Client Group segment, we have taken actions in 2001 to
reduce staffing levels, occupancy costs, and other overhead costs. We
have also taken actions in the Retail Investments and Property and
Casualty Insurance segments to reduce staffing levels and overhead
costs.
. Utilize common processes and tools across businesses. For each of our
customer markets, we seek to make our customers' experiences consistent
regardless of how they access Prudential. Our U.S. retail businesses
will utilize standard processes and tools, such as financial planning,
estate planning and trust capabilities to serve the needs of our mass
affluent customers. All businesses will operate a common customer
account platform through an Internet foundation and linkage that will
serve the needs of our mass affluent and mass market customers.
. Improve retention and persistency. We have undertaken a number of
initiatives to improve retention and persistency. For example, we seek
to contact policyholders in our Individual Life Insurance and
Traditional Participating Products segments who wish to terminate a
policy and offer alternate solutions to meet their needs. We believe
that these efforts have reduced our life insurance premium outflows in
recent years. Further, in 1997 we implemented our Client Acquisition
Process, which requires a life insurance underwriter to contact the
purchaser to confirm the purpose of the life insurance purchase, verify
the initial and ongoing source of payment and complete the medical
portion of the application. We believe that this process contributes to
improved persistency. Between 1997 and 2000, first year persistency of
our individual life insurance products, including in our Traditional
Participating Products segment, improved from 87.5% to 92.9%.
Individual Life Insurance
Our Individual Life Insurance segment manufactures and distributes individual
variable life, term life, universal life and other non-participating individual
life insurance products primarily to the U.S. mass affluent market and mass
market through Prudential Agents and increasingly to the mass affluent market
through
186
PruSelect. Historically we have written most of our traditional individual
life insurance products on a participating basis and, for financial reporting
purposes, these products are included in our Traditional Participating
Products segment. Upon demutualization, these policies, together with the
assets supporting them, will be segregated for accounting purposes from our
other assets and liabilities in the Closed Block. Following demutualization,
we will continue to service policyholders with policies in the Closed Block
through our Prudential Agents and other distributors as well as centralized
service centers. However, following demutualization, traditional participating
products will not be written and are not part of our growth strategy.
Unless otherwise indicated in the discussion below, we include historical
information regarding both the policies included in the Individual Life
Insurance segment and the policies included in our Traditional Participating
Products segment, reflecting the historical development of our business
through the initial establishment of the Closed Block. However, unless
otherwise indicated, statements below relating to our current strategy relate
only to the Individual Life Insurance segment. The future operation of the
Traditional Participating Products segment is discussed separately under "--
Traditional Participating Products" below.
At December 31, 2000 we had the second largest individual life insurance
business in the United States in terms of statutory net written premiums
according to A.M. Best. At June 30, 2001 we had the largest individual
variable life insurance business in the United States in terms of variable
life insurance assets according to Tillinghast-Towers Perrin. For the six
months ended June 30, 2001, in the United States, we were the seventh largest
seller of individual variable life insurance, the ninth largest seller of
individual term life insurance and the ninth largest seller of all types of
individual life insurance combined, in each case in terms of new annualized
premiums according to LIMRA.
Life Insurance Industry
Individual life insurance in the United States is, in aggregate, a mature
industry. According to LIMRA, new life policies issued, including whole,
variable and term life, declined at an annual rate of 2.9% between 1995 and
2000. During this period new annualized premiums for variable and term life
increased by an average of 24.2% and 12.8% per year, respectively, according
to LIMRA.
Operating Data
The following table sets forth premium, product mix and other information
for Individual Life Insurance and the life insurance products included in the
Traditional Participating Products segment as of and for the periods
indicated.
As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Statutory first year
premiums and deposits (in
millions)(1)............... $ 436 $ 436 $ 459 $ 432 $ 495
Average face amount per
policy sold................ $189,884 $164,307 $149,560 $128,262 $ 95,528
Average annual premium per
policy sold................ $ 2,777 $ 2,158 $ 1,639 $ 1,358 $ 1,155
New policies (in
thousands)................. 157 202 280 318 429
Product mix by percentage of
statutory first year
premiums and deposits:
Variable life.............. 77% 69% 70% 69% 69%
Term life.................. 13% 17% 20% 17% 15%
Traditional whole life..... 10% 14% 10% 14% 16%
In force face amount (in
billions).................. $ 391 $ 393 $ 394 $ 389 $ 389
Statutory in force premiums
(in millions)(2)........... $ 4,574 $ 4,456 $ 4,907 $ 4,935 $ 5,070
Total policies in force (in
thousands)................. 13,443 14,060 14,779 15,364 16,041
Number of Prudential
Agents..................... 6,086 7,818 8,868 10,115 12,126
Prudential Agent termination
or loss.................... 4,018 4,049 4,229 4,602 4,699
New hires................... 2,286 2,999 2,982 2,591 3,297
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net change in Prudential
Agents..................... (1,732) (1,050) (1,247) (2,011) (1,402)
Base force retention(3)..... 63% 63% 67% 67% 74%
Prudential Agent
productivity(4)............ $ 34,700 $ 31,300 $ 28,000 $ 21,500 $ 18,700
Policy persistency(5):
First year................. 92.9% 92.1% 89.0% 87.5% n/a
Second year................ 94.5% 94.1% 92.6% 91.6% n/a
Renewal.................... 95.0% 95.0% 94.2% 93.6% n/a
--------
(1) Excludes life insurance issued with respect to Prudential employees of
$277 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and $195 million for the
year ended December 31, 1998.
(2) Total statutory first year and renewal premiums and deposits collected.
(3) The percentage of full-time Prudential Agents remaining with us at
December 31 who were under contract as of January 1 of that year.
(4) Average commissions on new sales of all products by surviving base force
Prudential Agents. Excludes commissions on new sales by Prudential Agents
hired or departed during the period.
(5) Percentage of premiums that remain in force at the first, second and
subsequent policy anniversary in relation to the amount of in force
premiums at the beginning of the year.
187
As shown in the foregoing table, our statutory first year premiums and
deposits declined 3% from 1996 to 2000, on a compound annual basis. A 22%
decline in new policies issued was partially offset by a 19% increase in the
average face amount and a 25% increase in the average premium of policies sold
each on a compound annual basis. These improvements in part reflect the
growing importance of the PruSelect distribution channel. The decline in new
policies reflects in part a substantial decline in the number of Prudential
Agents, at a rate of 16% compounded annually. This decline was due to a number
of factors, including recent actions to improve agent productivity, the
negative publicity associated with sales practices issues and our responsive
corrective actions, as well as a general industry-wide reduction in the number
of career agents. Our actions to improve Prudential Agent productivity and
profitability included increasing the minimum production level required for
continuation of Prudential Agents' contracts in 1999 and 1998. These actions
resulted in an increased level of Prudential Agent attrition particularly
among Prudential Agents with lower levels of sales production, causing our
statutory first year premiums and deposits in 2000 to decline from their 1998
level. At the same time, productivity of Prudential Agents remaining with us
increased, continuing a trend that began during 1996.
Business Initiatives
We are taking various steps to improve our business as follows:
. Reorganizing to Improve Profitability. In 2000, we removed significant
marketing, operations, and systems infrastructure that was no longer
required to support the goals of each business and aligned the remaining
functions with the businesses to support our strategy. Our goal is to
continue to reduce infrastructure and other costs supporting our
businesses to improve operating margins.
Commencing in 1999, we restructured our field operations by reducing
the number of sales territories from 16 to 6 and by consolidating our
field offices from 266 to 79. These efforts resulted in the elimination
of 600 management positions and approximately 1,100 non-agent positions
across our businesses through the end of 2000.
. Refocusing of the Prudential Agents. Over the past several years the
overall number of Prudential Agents has declined from approximately
10,100 in 1997 to approximately 5,000 at June 30, 2001. This decline was
due in part to our efforts to improve the productivity and
professionalism of the agent force to align with our objective of
meeting the insurance, investment and other financial services needs of
our mass affluent target market. In 1998, 1999 and 2001, we raised our
minimum sales productivity requirements for agents. In 1999, we
developed a new recruiting, selection and training process to improve
new agent productivity and retention. We instituted a new training
curriculum focused on financial planning to improve our ability to
successfully compete in the financial services market. During an initial
two-year period, newly hired agents develop financial planning skills
and receive broad training on our insurance, investment and other
financial planning products and services. At the end of two years, they
may select from a number of career paths, all emphasizing protection
products with financial planning as a core competency. Consistent with
this focused approach, our number of new hires has declined since 1999
and will continue to decrease at least through 2001. To attract and
retain higher producing agents we introduced a program in 2000 through
which eligible Prudential Agents who are vested can transfer their
practices to approved successors when they leave the business. This
program not only benefits the agents, but is designed to ensure that the
customer undergoes a smooth transition to a new financial services
professional which we believe will improve our persistency and customer
satisfaction. In addition, we have completed a project to provide all of
our agents with laptop computers as well as assistance with marketing
and customer support.
. Alternative Sales Channels. We are focusing on growing sales from third-
party distribution channels including general agencies, producer groups,
broker-dealers and independent brokers who have a significant customer
base in the affluent and mass affluent market. We have expanded our
access to the independent broker-dealer marketplace through an Internet-
based service platform. We anticipate rolling out this platform to our
high potential broker-dealers over the balance of the year.
. Market Segmentation and Redesign of Product Portfolio. In 1999, we began
focusing our product design according to market segments. We will
continue to tailor products targeted for the affluent and mass affluent
markets. We have introduced new products, including a survivorship
variable universal life product, corporate-owned life insurance,
universal life insurance and enhanced term products. Additionally, we
are providing proprietary products to selected distributors for
exclusive distribution
188
through their systems. The first product was introduced in April 2001. We
are simplifying and reducing the number of our products. We have stopped
selling certain low-face amount products and increased the minimum face
amount we sell on other existing products.
Products
Individual Life Insurance's principal products are:
Variable Life Insurance. We offer a number of individual variable life
insurance products that provide a return linked to an underlying investment
portfolio designated by the policyholder while providing the policyholder the
flexibility to change both the death benefit and premium payments. Each
product provides for the deduction of charges and expenses from the customer's
investment account. We also offer variable life products targeted to the
estate planning and corporate-owned life insurance markets. As of December 31,
2000, our statutory in force premium for variable life insurance was
approximately $1.76 billion.
Term Life Insurance. We offer a variety of term life insurance products.
Some term products include a conversion feature that allows the policyholder
to convert the policy into a whole life policy. Term insurance does not
generate a cash value. As of December 31, 2000, our statutory in force premium
for term life insurance was $385 million.
Universal Life Insurance. In late 2000, we introduced our universal life
insurance products. Universal life insurance features a market rate fixed
interest investment account and flexible premiums.
Marketing and Distribution
Prudential Agents
Our Prudential Agents distribute variable and term life, investment and
protection products with proprietary and non-proprietary investment options as
well as selected insurance products manufactured by others.
Prudential Agents accounted for 67% of individual life insurance 2000 sales,
based on statutory first year premiums and deposits, down from 88% in 1996.
The following table sets forth the number of Prudential Agents, field
managers, home office and field staff and field offices as of the dates
indicated.
As of December 31,
---------------------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
----- ------ ------ ------ ------
Prudential Agents.......................... 6,086 7,818 8,868 10,115 12,126
Field management........................... 542 811 1,176 1,279 1,589
Home office and field staff................ 1,173 2,051 2,285 2,986 3,999
Prudential field offices................... 79 150 266 282 331
Prudential Agents historically have sold life insurance products primarily
to customers in households with income ranging from about $20,000 to $80,000
per year and, to a lesser but increasing extent, to mass affluent individuals
as well as small business owners.
The majority of Prudential Agents are multi-line traditional agents. Other
than certain training allowances or salary paid at the beginning of their
employment, we pay traditional Prudential Agents on a commission basis for the
products they sell. In addition to commissions, traditional Prudential Agents
receive the employee benefits we provide to other Prudential employees
generally, including medical and disability insurance, an employee savings
program and qualified retirement plans.
PruSelect
Our PruSelect distribution channel accounted for 33% of individual life
insurance sales in 2000, based on statutory first year premiums and deposits,
an increase from 12% in 1996. PruSelect sells products through a variety of
channels, including independent brokers, general agencies, producer groups and
broker-dealers. PruSelect's sales are relatively balanced among these
wholesale channels and do not depend upon a particular wholesaler or producer.
PruSelect has historically focused on serving the intermediaries who provide
insurance solutions in support of estate and wealth transfer planning for
affluent individuals and corporate-owned life insurance for businesses. During
the first half of 2001, PruSelect began to expand its target market to include
mass affluent individuals in addition to affluent individuals. The life
insurance products offered by PruSelect are generally the same as those
available through Prudential Agents. PruSelect has its own dedicated
management and underwriting, case management and post-issuance support staff.
189
PruSelect is organized into a network of 17 regional brokerage directors who
make sales through independent brokers and smaller general agencies. It
directly manages relationships with larger wholesalers, such as producer
groups, broker-dealers and national general agencies.
Underwriting and Pricing
Our underwriters follow detailed and uniform policies and procedures to
assess and quantify risk of our individual life insurance products. If the
policy amount exceeds a specified amount, we require the applicant to take a
variety of underwriting tests, such as medical examinations,
electrocardiograms, blood tests, urine tests, chest x-rays and consumer
investigative reports.
In 1997, we implemented a new process for underwriting and issuing
individual life insurance that we call the Client Acquisition Process. We
believe we were the first major life insurer to implement such a process. We
designed the Client Acquisition Process to streamline the new business process
and to increase customer understanding of the products they purchase.
Following the gathering and transfer of client information from the agent to
the home office in the initial stage of the sales process, a Prudential
underwriter contacts the client by telephone to confirm the purpose of the
life insurance purchase, verify the initial and ongoing source of payment and
complete the medical portion of the application. Because of this direct
interaction between a Prudential underwriter and the client, we have
significantly reduced our need to order additional underwriting information,
including attending physician statements. The Client Acquisition Process
permits Prudential Agents to spend more time pursuing sales. In 1999 and 2000,
we processed approximately 95% of all individual life insurance applications
through this process. The remaining 5% was made up of large amount and complex
cases such as corporate-owned life insurance that are better suited to a more
traditional underwriting approach.
Our life insurance policies, both participating and non-participating,
generally provide us the flexibility to adjust dividend scales and/or adjust
charges and credits to reflect changes from expected mortality and expense
experience or higher or lower investment returns. However, contractual maximum
charges and minimum credits and state regulatory limits on increasing charges
after a policy is issued limit this flexibility. Some of our more recently
issued term insurance policies do not include this flexibility.
We price new products to achieve a target return on investments based on
assumptions regarding mortality, expenses, investment return, persistency and
required reserves and equity. We develop these assumptions based on regular
reviews of company experience. We periodically revise in force products, both
participating and non-participating, with dividends or other non-guaranteed
charges or credits to reflect changes in experience and preserve the margins
originally priced into the product.
Reinsurance
We reinsure portions of the risks we assume under our individual life
insurance products. Historically, the maximum amount of individual life
insurance we may retain on any life is $30 million under an individual policy
and $50 million under a second-to-die life policy. At December 31, 2000, we
had reinsured $43.6 billion, or 11.2%, of the total face amount of our
individual life insurance in force. In 2000, we began to reinsure
substantially all of the mortality risk associated with our newly introduced
insurance products.
Reserves
We establish reserve and policyholder fund liabilities to recognize our
future benefit obligations under both participating and non-participating in
force life policies. For variable and interest-sensitive life insurance
contracts, we establish policyholders' account balances that represent
cumulative gross premium payments plus credited interest and/or fund
performance, less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. For
participating traditional whole life contracts, which are included in our
Traditional Participating Products segment, we calculate future policy
benefits using the net level premium method based on the interest rates and
mortality rates that we use in calculating the guaranteed cash surrender
values as described in each contract. The interest rates generally range from
2.5% to 7.5%. In addition, we include a liability for terminal dividends.
Private Client Group
The Private Client Group provides full service securities brokerage and
financial advisory services to individuals and businesses. At September 30,
2001, the Private Client Group served approximately 1.2 million
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households in the United States through our domestic Prudential Securities
Financial Advisor force and network of branch offices. In this business, in
addition to market trading volume and volatility, the number of Financial
Advisors, their productivity and attrition are significant drivers of
profitability. In recent years, we have experienced continuing turnover among
domestic Financial Advisors, including experienced Financial Advisors,
due in part to the lack of a stock-based compensation program. This turnover
increased in 1999 and remained at high levels in 2000 due in part to greater
industry competition for productive Financial Advisors. In response, we have
introduced a new voluntary equity-market-linked, long-term deferred
compensation program to seek to improve the retention of our Financial
Advisors and increase recruitment of experienced Financial Advisors. The
Private Client Group segment also includes our consumer banking operations.
Business Initiatives
In response to the fundamental shift in Prudential Securities business
strategy, discussed above under "Division Strategy", and the reduced volume of
customer transaction revenue in 2001, we are reducing the cost structure in
this segment. In 2001, we have taken actions to reduce staffing levels,
occupancy costs, and other overhead costs.
Products and Services
Most of the client assets in our Private Client Group are held in Command
accounts or basic brokerage accounts. The Command account, our primary retail
client account, helps clients manage their assets and is the cornerstone of
our asset gathering strategy. Through a Command account, clients can
consolidate their financial assets, obtain a range of financial services and
invest in a wide variety of investment products. Total Private Client Group
client assets in Command accounts were approximately $146 billion as of
September 30, 2001, representing 61% of Private Client Group client assets.
Private Client Group clients also can access account information, our
research, market news and other information and execute transactions through
our on-line service, PrudentialSecurities.com.
In May 1999, we introduced Prudential Advisor, a program that redefined full
service brokerage by combining a sliding scale asset-based fee for advice with
a fixed fee for transaction execution. Clients have the choice of executing
transactions directly through PrudentialSecurities.com or through their
Financial Advisor. Prudential Securities also offers clients two fee-based
programs providing for full-time discretionary management by the client's
Financial Advisor in addition to the wrap-fee products that our Retail
Investments segment manufactures.
Clients may borrow from us to fund the purchase of securities using the
securities purchased or other securities in the account as collateral. As a
matter of credit policy, we generally require our clients to maintain higher
percentages of collateral values than the minimum percentages required by the
applicable federal and stock exchange margin rules. Interest on margin loans
is an important component of our revenue and is subject to change based on
market trading volume and volatility.
In addition, this segment engages in sales and trading of government,
corporate, agency, municipal and mortgage-backed fixed income securities and
related products, primarily for retail customers. Finally, it provides
domestic securities clearing services to other brokers. Providing these
clearing services to unaffiliated correspondent brokers offsets overhead costs
for all businesses within the Prudential Securities legal entity, primarily
benefiting this segment.
Marketing and Distribution
As of September 30, 2001, we had approximately 5,600 retail Financial
Advisors and 47 Financial Advisors-in-Training in our 272 U.S. branch offices.
Our Financial Advisor force is the primary sales channel for our mutual funds
and wrap-fee products, and accordingly, the profitability of our Retail
Investments business and the Private Client Group is dependent on our ability
to hire, train and retain these Financial Advisors. Most Financial Advisors
are licensed to sell our annuity and insurance products. We compensate
Financial Advisors with a percentage of the commissions and fees they
generate, supplemented by a recently introduced voluntary equity-market-
linked, long-term deferred compensation plan.
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The following table sets forth information about our domestic Financial
Advisor force and branch office network as of the dates or for the periods
indicated.
As of or for the
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
Financial Advisors (end of period).................... 5,906 6,072 6,128
Financial Advisors trained(1)......................... 652 1,202 1,217
Financial Advisor average client assets (in
millions)(2)......................................... $ 46 $ 48 $ 42
Average annual retail Financial Advisor productivity
(in thousands)(3).................................... $ 401 $ 367 $ 336
Branches.............................................. 295 275 272
Client accounts (in millions)......................... 2.2 2.1 2.1
Client assets, including managed assets (in
billions)............................................ $ 272 $ 288 $ 253
--------
(1) Number of Financial Advisors that completed the retail Financial Advisor
training program in the year.
(2) Private Client Group client assets at year-end divided by average number
of domestic Financial Advisors for the year.
(3) Private Client Group total non-interest revenues, excluding revenues
generated by the consumer bank and the segment's retail fixed income
trading operations, divided by average number of domestic Financial
Advisors for the period.
Consumer Banking
We conduct consumer banking activities primarily on a direct-response basis
through two subsidiaries, The Prudential Bank and Trust Company, a state
chartered bank, and The Prudential Savings Bank, F.S.B., a federally chartered
savings bank. Our principal products are home equity loans and lines of
credit, secured lending products, personal trust services and deposits,
including money market deposit accounts and certificates of deposit. We have
no branches for our consumer banking operations. Our vision for our consumer
banking activities is to provide banking products and services that supplement
other Prudential offerings and facilitate asset retention and asset growth. We
intend to focus primarily on the development and marketing of products and
services such as deposits, secured lending and trust capabilities.
Prior to 1997, we offered credit cards on a broad-market basis to customers
other than Prudential customers. This strategy resulted in delinquencies and
losses on credit cards significantly greater than the industry average, and
resulted in significant losses in 1996 and 1997. In 1997 and 1998, we sold
substantially all of our broad-market credit card portfolio in two separate
transactions, which resulted in losses in those years. In 2000, the remaining
consumer credit card portfolio was sold at a gain. At December 31, 2000, our
banking operations had approximately $734 million of home equity, credit card
and other receivables and $620 million of deposits, compared to $1.2 billion
of receivables and $853 million of deposits, at January 1, 1998.
Retail Investments
We manufacture, distribute and service investment management products
utilizing proprietary and non-proprietary asset management expertise in the
U.S. retail market. Our products are designed to be sold by Financial
Advisors, Prudential Agents and third-party financial professionals. We also
provide private label products for other financial services firms. We offer a
family of retail investment products consisting of 70 mutual funds, eight
annuity products, four wrap-fee products and over one hundred unit investment
trusts as of December 31, 2000. These products cover a wide array of
investment styles and objectives designed to attract and retain assets of
individuals with varying objectives and to accommodate investors' changing
financial needs.
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Operating Data
The following table sets forth the account values of the Retail Investments
segment's products as of the dates indicated. Annuity account values represent
the amounts held for the benefit of policyholders or contractholders. For
mutual funds and wrap-fee products, account value is equal to fair market
value.
As of December 31,
--------------------
2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------
(in billions)
Retail Investments:
Mutual funds(1).......................................... $57.8 $ 55.2 $ 53.4
Wrap-fee products(2)..................................... 19.6 16.7 11.5
Variable annuities....................................... 21.1 22.6 19.9
Fixed annuities.......................................... 2.9 3.0 3.2
Unit investment trusts................................... 1.6 3.2 4.3
--------
(1) Mutual funds includes only those sold as retail investment products.
(2) Wrap-fee product assets include $3.4 billion, $3.5 billion and $3.1
billion of proprietary assets at December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998,
respectively.
Since the 1990s, there has been an industry trend for products such as
variable annuities and wrap-fee products to include investment alternatives
that are managed by asset managers other than the product sponsor. Over the
last several years, we have been building investment management choice into
most of our variable annuity and wrap-fee products. We are able to offer
customers investment alternatives in some of our products that may be advised
by third parties with asset management styles that we may or may not offer. We
believe this advised choice approach provides the potential for increased
sales and improved client asset retention.
Products
Mutual Funds
As of December 31, 2000, we sponsored 70 mutual fund portfolios covering all
major asset classes and a wide array of investment styles and objectives.
These offerings consisted of:
. 22 domestic equity funds,
. 9 global/international equity funds,
. 4 asset allocation funds,
. 8 general taxable bond funds,
. 2 global bond funds,
. 9 tax-exempt municipal bond funds,
. 9 taxable money market funds, and
. 7 tax-exempt money market funds.
The following table sets forth the net sales (redemptions) of our retail
mutual funds by asset class for the periods indicated. Net sales (redemptions)
are equal to gross sales minus redemptions. This data excludes mutual funds
sold through defined contribution plan products.
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Equity............................................. $ 985 $ (349) $ 469
Fixed income....................................... (1,168) (750) (118)
------- ------- -------
Total proprietary net sales (redemptions) other
than money market................................ (183) (1,099) 351
Money market....................................... 1,976 (812) 5,075
------- ------- -------
Total net sales (redemptions)..................... $ 1,793 $(1,911) $ 5,426
======= ======= =======
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The following table sets forth our retail mutual fund assets under
management by asset class at fair market value as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
--------------------
2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------
(in billions)
Equity.................................................... $20.8 $ 20.0 $ 17.5
Fixed income.............................................. 7.1 8.8 10.2
Money market.............................................. 29.9 26.4 25.7
------ ------ ------
Total assets under management............................ $57.8 $ 55.2 $ 53.4
====== ====== ======
Our equity funds have historically focused on the value style of investment.
Through most of the periods shown in the table above, growth stocks have
generally outperformed value stocks and large capitalization stocks generally
outperformed medium and small capitalization stocks. As a result, new
investments into mutual funds flowed disproportionately into large
capitalization growth stock funds and large capitalization index funds that
seek to match the performance of the major market averages. Given our
historical emphasis on the value style of investing and our lack of emphasis
on index funds, these trends were unfavorable to us in these periods.
In response to these trends, from 1998 to 2000 we introduced a variety of
new mutual funds, many with growth-oriented objectives, including health
sciences, financial services and technology sector funds, a tax-managed equity
fund and others. These funds had over $4.2 billion in assets as of December
31, 2000. We believe that our family of mutual funds now includes a greater
variety of investing styles which will improve our ability to assist our
clients in achieving their financial goals.
We offer our mutual funds with a variety of sales charges or "loads". We do
not generally offer "no-load" funds. We generally do not charge a load for our
mutual funds purchased through wrap-fee programs offered by us or third
parties, our defined contribution products and in certain other circumstances.
In addition, most of our mutual funds charge ongoing fees for servicing and
distribution-related expenses as permissible under SEC and NASD rules.
We earn investment management fees from our mutual funds based on average
daily net assets. Our mutual funds bear the expenses associated with their
operations as well as the issuance and redemption of their shares. These
expenses include those related to investment management, distribution, legal,
accounting and auditing expenses, transfer agent expenses, custodian expenses,
the expenses of printing and mailing prospectuses and reports to shareholders
and independent directors' expenses. We bear advertising, promotion and
selling expenses, including sales commissions, of our Private Client Group and
Individual Life Insurance segments and of our third-party distributors.
Wrap-Fee Products
We offer several wrap-fee products that provide access to mutual funds and
separate account products with the payment of fees based on the market value
of assets under management. Our wrap-fee products have higher minimum
investment levels than our mutual funds and variable annuities, and offer a
choice of both proprietary and non-proprietary investment management. Our
principal mutual fund wrap-fee product is PruChoice, which provides investors
with more than 400 investment options from more than 70 fund managers,
including 55 Prudential funds. Our principal separate account wrap-fee product
is Managed Assets Consulting Services, which provides investors with over 50
portfolio managers and more than 100 investment strategies from which to
select. Net sales of our wrap-fee products were $4.8 billion in 2000, $3.0
billion in 1999 and $1.9 billion in 1998.
Annuities
We have a number of variable and fixed annuities with different options. Our
variable annuities provide customers the opportunity to invest in proprietary
and non-proprietary mutual funds and fixed-rate options. Our fixed annuities
provide a guarantee of principal and a guarantee of the interest rate to be
credited to the principal amount for a specified period of time.
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The following table sets forth our net sales (redemptions) of our variable
and fixed annuities for the periods indicated. Net sales are equal to gross
sales minus surrenders, withdrawals and exchanges.
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Variable annuities............................... $(699) $ (5) $ 736
Fixed annuities.................................. (140) (265) (519)
------- ------- -------
Total net sales (redemptions)................... $(839) $ (270) $ 217
======= ======= =======
The following table sets forth the gross sales of our variable and fixed
annuities by distribution channel for the periods indicated.
Year Ended December
31,
--------------------
2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------
(in millions)
Variable and fixed annuities:
Prudential Agents..................................... $2,086 $2,907 $2,836
Financial Advisors.................................... 421 678 480
Third-party distributors.............................. 4 2 4
------ ------ ------
Total gross sales................................... $2,511 $3,587 $3,320
====== ====== ======
The following table sets forth the total account values of our variable and
fixed annuities as of the dates indicated.
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
(in billions)
Variable annuities:
Proprietary separate account....................... $14.8 $ 16.7 $ 15.1
General account(1)................................. 3.1 3.1 3.3
Non-proprietary.................................... 3.2 2.8 1.5
------- ------- -------
Total variable annuities........................... $21.1 $ 22.6 $ 19.9
======= ======= =======
Fixed annuities..................................... $ 2.9 $ 3.0 $ 3.2
======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Represents amounts invested in the fixed-rate options of our variable
annuities.
Our principal annuity product from a historical sales perspective is
Discovery Select, a flexible payment variable deferred annuity. Discovery
Select offers investors a broad range of investment alternatives through two
fixed-rate options and 24 separate equity and fixed income investment
portfolios. We manage 11 of these portfolios and the remaining 13 are advised
by unaffiliated fund managers. As of December 31, 2000, approximately 67% of
Discovery Select annuity deposits were invested in a Prudential-managed
portfolio. In the fourth quarter of 2000, we introduced a new flexible payment
variable annuity product, Strategic Partners Annuity One. This product offers
investors a choice of features including a bonus program, enhanced death
benefits and a retirement income guarantee. In addition, the product provides
a broad selection of investment options including two fixed rate investment
options and 25 variable investment portfolios advised by well known, highly
regarded asset managers. In the first half of 2001, we introduced Strategic
Partners Select and Strategic Partners Advisor. These products replace
Discovery Select and Discovery Choice and offer enhanced death benefits and a
broad selection of investment options.
Our primary fixed annuity product is Discovery Classic, which we introduced
in 1998. Discovery Classic is a flexible payment annuity that provides a
specified fixed interest rate for the first year. After the first year, the
interest crediting rate changes at our discretion, subject to a minimum. Our
fixed annuity products also include a single premium annuity that offers the
customer a choice of deferred or immediate annuities. We price our fixed
annuities as well as the fixed-rate options of our variable annuities based on
assumptions as to investment returns, expenses and persistency. Competition
also influences our pricing. We seek to maintain a spread between the return
on our general account invested assets and the interest we credit on our fixed
annuities.
To encourage persistency, all of our variable and fixed annuities, other
than our single premium fixed annuities, have withdrawal restrictions and
declining surrender or withdrawal charges for a specified number of years,
which
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is a maximum of nine years for Strategic Partners Annuity One annuities, seven
years for Discovery Select annuities and six years for Discovery Classic
annuities. Our single premium fixed annuities do not permit withdrawals.
Marketing and Distribution
To better meet the needs of the mass affluent market, Prudential Agents are
being transitioned to focus on offering advice on an array of proprietary and
non-proprietary products. Similarly, Financial Advisors are being transitioned
to focus on fee-based financial advisory services. To support these
transitions, we have instituted a research-driven approach to money management
across our mutual funds, annuities, managed accounts and wrap-fee programs.
Investment manager research and monitoring supports our Financial Advisors and
Prudential Agents positioning them as advisors and providing them with a wide
range of selected investment alternatives. We call this strategy "Advised
Choice" and believe it fills a need for many customers--better enabling them
to make more informed decisions about investment and insurance choices. We
conduct ongoing training of Financial Advisors and Prudential Agents that
provides them with knowledge of our new products and helps them develop better
relationship management techniques that foster greater customer satisfaction.
Our marketing emphasizes investor education, individual retirement planning,
diversification and asset allocation, and tax-efficient investing.
In mid-1998, the Retail Investments segment began to develop and implement
plans for sales through third parties. We believe that diversifying our
distribution channels will enable us to grow revenues and enhance the
Prudential name and its association with investment advice and choice. Such
sales were responsible for approximately 8% of the segment's 2000 overall
gross sales, excluding money market funds. Net sales of mutual funds, other
than money market funds, through third-party channels totaled $1.2 billion in
2000 and represent the fastest growing sales channel in this segment on a net
basis. We have also launched an initiative under which outside asset-gathering
companies add our investment options to their products.
Property and Casualty Insurance
Our Property and Casualty Insurance segment manufactures and distributes
personal lines property and casualty insurance products, principally
homeowners and automobile coverages, to the U.S. retail market. We distribute
our products through Prudential Agents, workplace and affinity marketing, and
independent agents. We also distribute certain specialty coverages written by
other insurers through brokerage arrangements.
The personal lines property and casualty insurance industry in the United
States is mature, and in 2000, according to A.M. Best, we were the 16th
largest writer with a market share of 1%.
Operating Data
The following table sets forth net written premiums and other operating data
for Property and Casualty Insurance as of the dates and for the periods
indicated.
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
($ in millions)
Net written premiums(1):
Automobile....................... $1,189.8 $1,031.2 $1,081.4 $1,253.3 $1,383.0
Homeowners....................... 414.6 436.1 437.6 426.3 456.1
Other............................ 32.7 33.0 29.3 31.4 37.8
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total.......................... $1,637.1 $1,500.3 $1,548.3 $1,711.0 $1,876.9
Number of Prudential Agents
authorized to sell Property and
Casualty Insurance policies..... 4,705 6,106 6,427 6,368 8,018
--------
(1) Premiums written for the period, including assumed premiums and net of
ceded and returned premiums.
From 1996 through 2000, our annual total net written premiums declined 21%
and our total number of policies in force declined 17%, excluding those
relating to a subsidiary we acquired in 2000 as discussed below. The decline
in net written premiums is primarily a result of a decline in policies, as the
number of policies not renewed exceeded the number of new policies written, as
well as lower prices from increased rate competition.
Historically, a significant portion of our property and casualty insurance
business has been concentrated in New Jersey. Our New Jersey automobile
coverages accounted for 20% of our property and casualty net written
196
premiums in 2000. New Jersey law requires an insurance company to provide
automobile insurance to every applicant that meets certain minimum eligibility
criteria. New Jersey law caps profits on automobile coverages under an excess
profits law and also imposes limitations on the rates that may be charged in
certain territories regardless of loss experience. We refunded $25.2 million
to our policyholders as a result of the excess profits law based on our
experience for the years 1998 through 2000.
Products
Our primary property and casualty products are automobile and homeowners
insurance. We also offer watercraft, dwelling, fire and personal umbrella
policies.
We segment our automobile customers based on their respective driving and
loss histories into preferred, standard and non-standard segments. In May
2000, we purchased the specialty automobile insurance business of the St. Paul
Companies, THI Holdings, Inc., which writes policies in the non-standard
segment.
We offer four main homeowners products: standard and premier policies for
owner-occupied houses, a policy for owner-occupied condominiums and a tenant
policy for renters. These policies all include coverage for personal property,
loss of use, personal liability and medical payments to others. Our owner-
occupied policies also include coverage for the dwelling and other structures.
To limit our catastrophe exposure we offer special deductibles in certain
states for hurricane, windstorm, hail and earthquake, when earthquake coverage
is purchased by the insured. We generally do not write coverage for homes with
replacement values of greater than $950,000.
Marketing and Distribution
In 1996, we adopted a geographic market segmentation strategy that targets
various states for growth based on our assessment of the potential for
catastrophic loss, the regulatory environment and underwriting experience. At
that time, we shifted our focus to automobile coverage, which, over the last
decade, has generally produced more stable results than homeowner coverages.
Historically, we relied primarily on Prudential Agents to distribute our
property and casualty products to the mass market. In 2000, Prudential Agents
accounted for 38% of first year direct written premiums and 83% of total
direct written premiums of the Property and Casualty Insurance segment.
To supplement sales growth, we have developed other distribution channels,
including a career agent channel focused solely on selling automobile and
homeowners insurance, workplace and affinity marketing, independent agents and
direct distribution. In 2000, these alternative distribution channels
accounted for 62% of first year direct written premiums. In June 1998, we
acquired Merastar Insurance Company. Merastar offers individual property and
casualty policies to workplace groups and professional work-related
associations, a payroll deduction capability for the sale of its products and
pricing that reflects a group discount. As of December 31, 2000, this business
accounted for 1.9% of first year direct written premiums. In 1999, we began to
access the mass market segment using direct distribution which, in 2000,
accounted for 11.4% of first year direct written premiums. In 1999, we also
began our automobile and homeowners insurance career agent channel, and at
December 31, 2000, we had 213 salaried agents dedicated to selling our
automobile and homeowners products; in 2000, they accounted for 6.2% of first
year direct written premiums. In 1999, we also began offering products through
small- to medium-sized independent insurance agencies which, in 2000,
accounted for 5.8% of total first year net written premiums. Our acquisition
of THI, which sells non-standard automobile policies through independent
agents and on a direct basis, has broadened the scope of our mass market.
First year direct written premiums through THI, from its acquisition in May
2000 through December 31, 2000, accounted for 37.1% of total first year direct
written premiums in 2000. We are currently evaluating the quality of the new
business produced through these new distribution channels in order to
determine whether it satisfies our profitability standards. Accordingly, we
have suspended our mailing solicitations for the direct distribution channel
as of June 30, 2001. In October 2001, we announced that we would no longer
write business through our property and casualty insurance career agency
channel except in a few selected markets.
Underwriting and Pricing
Our agents are responsible for field underwriting, and they must adhere to
risk selection guidelines developed by the underwriting department. The
underwriting department performs a final review of all applications other than
applications processed through an on-line automated underwriting system that
is now in place in many states.
197
We seek to price our products to produce an adequate return on capital over
time, subject to adjustments reflecting our market segmentation strategy. Our
pricing considers the expected frequency and severity of losses and the costs
of providing the necessary coverage, including the cost of administering
policy benefits, sales and other administrative costs. State rate regulation
significantly affects pricing. Our property and casualty operations are
subject to rate and other laws and regulations covering a range of trade and
claim settlement practices. State insurance regulatory authorities have broad
discretion in approving an insurer's proposed rates. A significant portion of
our automobile insurance is written in the state of New Jersey. Under certain
circumstances New Jersey insurance laws require an insurer to provide a refund
or credit to policyholders based upon the profits earned on automobile
insurance.
Catastrophe Exposure Risk Management Program and Reinsurance
Hurricane Andrew, which struck southern portions of Florida and Louisiana in
August 1992, resulted in $15.5 billion of losses to the U.S. property and
casualty insurance industry, according to Property Claims Service, the largest
aggregate insurance loss due to a single natural catastrophe in U.S. history.
We suffered pre-tax losses, net of reinsurance, of $908 million. The losses
eliminated the surplus of our property and casualty insurance subsidiaries,
which was replenished by a capital infusion of $733 million from The
Prudential Insurance Company of America in 1992.
We have taken significant steps to reduce our exposure to catastrophic
losses since Hurricane Andrew, including:
. reducing the number of homes insured against wind in southern Florida by
over 70%;
. increasing deductibles on homeowners' policies and offering separate
deductibles for hurricane, windstorm, hail and earthquake in some states;
. participating in the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund;
. withdrawing from business in Hawaii; and
. transferring our California earthquake exposure to the California
Earthquake Authority.
These activities have reduced our catastrophe exposure and the number of our
homeowners' policies in force. In addition to these risk management actions,
we rely substantially on catastrophe reinsurance and other reinsurance to
limit our catastrophe exposure.
Our greatest exposure to catastrophe loss is during hurricane season, from
June to November of each year. Based on our policies in force as of June 30,
2001, we believe we have limited our pre-tax catastrophe exposure from a
single one-in-250 year catastrophe to approximately $400 million, or
approximately $260 million on an after-tax basis representing approximately 1%
of our consolidated equity as of June 30, 2001. This limitation relies
significantly on our catastrophe protection reinsurance program. Catastrophes
are inherently uncertain, however, and the loss or losses from a single or
multiple catastrophes could exceed the foregoing amount, perhaps materially.
It is possible that catastrophes could materially negatively affect our
results of operations or cash flow in particular quarterly or annual periods.
We believe, however, that, based on our current estimated exposures, losses
from catastrophes, net of reinsurance, should not have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition.
We periodically revise our reinsurance program to reflect what we believe
are our reinsurance needs. Our current catastrophe protection reinsurance
program, in effect until June 30, 2002, consists of an excess of loss
reinsurance contract with a consortium of U.S. and international reinsurers,
including Lloyds of London syndicates. In addition, we currently have two
annual aggregate stop-loss reinsurance contracts with a U.S. reinsurer.
Future changes in our reinsurance programs will likely affect our assessment
of our exposure to a major catastrophe loss. There have been, and in the
future may be, periods when reinsurance is not available or at least not at
acceptable rates and levels. The loss of all or portions of our reinsurance
program could subject us to increased exposure, which could be material. We
are also subject to credit risk with respect to our reinsurers and other risk
bearers, such as the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, because the ceding of
risk to them does not relieve us of our liability to insureds. Our recovery of
less than contracted amounts from our reinsurers and other risk bearers could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We seek to
mitigate this risk through diversification of reinsurers as well as
maintenance of minimum financial standards for their participation in our
reinsurance programs.
198
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations--Results of Operations for Financial Services Businesses by
Division and Traditional Participating Products Segment--U.S. Consumer
Division--Property and Casualty Insurance" for a discussion of the impact of
these agreements on our earnings.
Claims
We staff our property and casualty claims department with approximately
1,360 claims associates based in 15 offices throughout the United States. We
generally specialize our claims handling by type of claim, and our home office
claims staff is responsible for setting policies and procedures and overseeing
field claim operations. Whenever possible, we use our own staff to conduct
claim inspections. We use independent claims adjusters when necessary to
handle claims in remote areas and to handle overflow during catastrophes.
Reserves
We establish reserves for payment of loss and loss adjustment expenses in
accordance with applicable regulations. Consistent with industry accounting
practice, we do not establish loss reserves until a loss, including a loss
from a catastrophe, has occurred. The following table sets forth a summary
reconciliation of our property and casualty beginning and ending reserves,
determined on the basis of statutory accounting principles for the periods
indicated.
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses,
beginning of the year.............................. $1,439 $ 1,622 $ 1,856
Loss and loss adjustment expenses:
Provision attributable to the current year......... 1,271 1,249 1,325
Increase (decrease) in provision attributable to
prior years....................................... (165) (150) (245)
------- ------- -------
Total loss and loss adjustment expenses.......... 1,106 1,099 1,080
------- ------- -------
Payments:
Loss and loss adjustment expenses attributable to
current year...................................... 841 700 725
Loss and loss adjustment expenses attributable to
prior years....................................... 583 582 605
------- ------- -------
Total payments................................... 1,424 1,282 1,330
------- ------- -------
Acquisition of Merastar............................. -- -- 16
Acquisition of THI Holdings......................... 119
------- ------- -------
Reserve for loss and loss adjustment expenses, end
of year(1)(2)...................................... $1,240 $ 1,439 $ 1,622
======= ======= =======
--------
(1) Total reserves are net of reinsurance recoverables of $608 million at
December 31, 2000, $330 million at December 31, 1999 and $416 million at
December 31, 1998.
(2) Our Property and Casualty Insurance segment has limited exposure to pre-
1986 mass tort claims as a result of its former interest in Prudential-LMI
Commercial Insurance Company, which we purchased in 1986 and sold in 1992.
Our total reserves held for these contracts, which we included in the
reserve table above, aggregated $25 million as of December 31, 2000, on
both a net and gross basis. Based on currently available information, we
believe approximately 80% of the liabilities on these contracts,
representing $20 million or less than 2% of Property and Casualty
Insurance's total reserves for loss and adjustment expenses, may be
related to asbestos or environmental exposures. Reported claims activity
levels to date for these asbestos and environmental exposures do not
appear to be material. Estimation of ultimate liabilities for these claims
is unusually difficult, however, due to outstanding issues such as the
existence of coverage, the definition of an occurrence, the determination
of ultimate damages and allocation of damages to financially responsible
parties. It is possible that these claims might become material in the
future.
Our net reserves have declined over the past three years primarily due to
the net reduction in policies in force and the release of reserves from prior
years of $165 million in 2000, $150 million in 1999 and $245 million in 1998.
We establish loss reserves to recognize the estimated amount necessary to
bring all pending reported, and incurred but not reported, claims to final
settlement. Many factors can influence the amount of loss reserves required,
such as changes in laws and regulations, judicial decisions, litigation and
settlements, medical care costs, rehabilitation costs, the costs of automobile
and home repair materials and labor rates, and other factors. We review our
loss reserves quarterly. We record our loss reserves at their full
undiscounted value. We do not make an explicit provision for the effects of
inflation on loss and loss adjustment expense reserve calculations. The
establishment of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and we
cannot assure that ultimate losses will not exceed the Property and Casualty
Insurance segment's reserves.
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Employee Benefits Division
Our Employee Benefits division consists of two segments: Group Insurance and
Other Employee Benefits.
. Group Insurance manufactures and distributes a full range of group life,
disability and related insurance products through employers and other
groups in connection with employee and member benefit plans.
. Other Employee Benefits manufactures, services and delivers products and
services to meet the retirement needs of employers of all sizes. These
products and services include full service defined contribution plans and
various guaranteed products. We distribute these products through a
direct sales force, third parties and Financial Advisors. As part of our
employee benefits business, we also offer real estate brokerage and
relocation services and workplace marketing services.
Division Strategy
The Employee Benefits division, currently known in the marketplace as
Prudential Institutional, seeks to be a leading non-medical employee benefits
provider to companies throughout the United States. Our goal is to help
employers attract and retain employees by providing a competitive array of
both employer-paid benefits and employee-paid voluntary benefits and services.
We help companies and their employees grow and protect retirement plan assets
by providing a broad array of qualified and non-qualified retirement vehicles.
Currently, we do business with over 24,000 institutional clients of all sizes,
including 83 of the Fortune 100 firms, representing over 30 million employees
and members with over 12 million participants.
Our strategy includes the following components:
. Improve and Grow Our Product Businesses. We seek to strengthen our
leadership position in Group Insurance by focusing on growth segments. We
are investing in technology, product development and Internet
distribution to achieve these goals. We are also exploring partnerships
and acquisitions that will help us increase scale and expand
distribution, both domestically and internationally. In addition, we seek
to improve the capital efficiency of our businesses.
. Leverage Our Institutional Positioning to Grow Our Client Base. We seek
to increase the number of Prudential products purchased by our clients
and their employees through the coordinated efforts of a dedicated
relationship management team and our existing sales forces and account
management teams. We seek to better understand client needs and refine
our market segmentation based on client information, which will also aid
in our national advertising and direct mail campaigns as well as in sales
force management.
. Become an eBusiness Workplace Marketing Leader. We offer
WorkingSolutionsSM, a web-based platform to deliver a broad array of
proprietary and non-proprietary voluntary benefits to help employers meet
the diverse needs of their employees. This platform is designed to extend
our relationship beyond the institutional client directly to their
employees. We have also established a relationship with Rewards Plus of
America Corporation, an Internet-based employee benefits service
provider, through which we plan to broaden our distribution of Prudential
products and services.
Group Insurance
Our Group Insurance segment manufactures and distributes a full range of
group life insurance, long-term and short-term group disability insurance,
long-term care insurance and corporate- and trust-owned life insurance in the
United States to institutional clients primarily for use in connection with
employee and membership benefits plans. Group Insurance also sells accidental
death and dismemberment and other ancillary coverages and provides plan
administrative services in connection with its insurance coverages. Group
Insurance has its own dedicated sales force that distributes through the
broker and consultant market. Group Insurance also uses the Prudential Agent
distribution channel and third-party general agencies to sell group life
products to smaller clients.
The group life insurance industry in the United States is relatively mature.
In 1999, the five largest writers accounted for nearly two-thirds of new sales
according to LIMRA. The group disability industry is more concentrated than
the group life industry, with one company accounting for 18.5% of industry new
sales in 2000 according to John Hewitt & Associates, Inc. For the six months
ended June 30, 2001 according to LIMRA, we were the second largest group life
insurer, based on new sales, and the fourth largest group disability insurer
according to John Hewitt & Associates, Inc., based on new sales.
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In 1997, we separated our group life and disability products from our
healthcare business. We recruited experienced personnel to build a dedicated
sales force with members who have a record of sales success and established
relationships with brokers and consultants, which resulted in sales increases
in 1998, 1999 and 2000. In addition, we refocused group life on premium growth
and improved persistency and refocused group disability on improved risk
selection and reduced benefits ratios. We believe these actions have
repositioned Group Insurance and have facilitated our retention of existing
relationships notwithstanding the sale of our healthcare business.
Operating Data
The following table sets forth certain operating data for Group Insurance
for the periods indicated.
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- ------- -------
(in millions)
Group Life Insurance:
Gross premiums(1)(2).................................. $ 1,913 $ 1,872 $ 1,691
New annualized premiums(3)............................ $ 321 $ 262 $ 245
Group Disability Insurance:
Gross premiums(1)(4).................................. $ 472 $ 413 $ 370
New annualized premiums............................... $ 162 $ 105 $ 86
--------
(1) Insurance premium before returns to participating policyholders for
favorable claims experience. Group disability amounts include long-term
care products.
(2) Includes $23 million in 2000, $24 million in 1999 and $20 million in 1998
from Prudential employee benefit plans. Also includes $136 million in
2000, $165 million in 1999 and $171 million in 1998 from the Serviceman's
Group Life insurance program, which is available to members of the U.S.
armed forces through a contract with the U.S. Veterans Administration. We
reinsure all but approximately 18% of our premiums and risk exposure from
this program to a voluntary reinsurance pool comprised of other U.S. life
insurers, which participate in accordance with their market shares. While
this business produces substantial premiums, the Veterans Administration
limits profitability to 0.2625% of premium.
(3) Amounts do not include excess premiums, which are premiums that build cash
value but do not purchase face amounts of group universal life insurance.
(4) Includes $23 million in 2000, $28 million in 1999 and $36 million in 1998
from Prudential employee benefit plans.
Products
Group Life Insurance. We offer group life insurance products including
basic, supplemental or optional, and dependent term and universal life
insurance. Commencing in 1998, we also began offering group variable universal
life insurance and supplemental accidental death and dismemberment insurance.
Many of our employee-pay coverages include a portability feature, allowing
employees to retain their coverage when they change employers or retire. We
also offer a living benefits option which allows insureds who are diagnosed
with a terminal illness to receive up to 50% of their life insurance benefit
upon diagnosis, in advance of death, to use as needed. We believe that we
pioneered this benefit in the group insurance industry.
Group Disability Insurance. We offer short- and long-term group disability
insurance, which protects against loss of wages due to illness or injury.
Short-term disability generally provides coverage for three to six months, and
long-term disability covers the period after short-term disability ends.
Other. We offer individual and group long-term care insurance and group
corporate- and trust-owned life insurance. Long-term care insurance protects
the insured from the costs of care in the community, at an adult day care
center, a nursing home or similar live-in care situation or at home by
providing a home health or a personal care aide. Group corporate- and trust-
owned life insurance are group variable life insurance contracts typically
used by large corporations to fund benefit plans for retired employees. These
latter products also may be used as vehicles to deliver deferred compensation
or non-qualified benefits to active employees.
Marketing and Distribution
As is common in the industry, we segment the market by employer or group
size. We generally refer to employers or groups with 5,000 or more employees
or members as the jumbo case market; 1,000 to 4,999 as the large case market;
250 to 999 as the medium case market; and less than 250 as the small case
market. We tailor our product features to the different needs of each market
segment, with significant standardization in the small case market and full
flexibility for jumbo clients. Historically, the majority of our premiums have
come from customers in the large and jumbo case market segments. We are
seeking to increase our sales in the small and
201
medium case markets, particularly in disability and supplemental life, because
we believe these segments are under-penetrated and growing, and present a
greater opportunity for profit than the larger segments. We have become more
selective in marketing group disability to the large and jumbo case markets.
Group Insurance's dedicated sales force is organized around products and
market segments and distributes primarily through employee benefits brokers
and consultants. In 1997, we established our Group Life Sales Director force
to sell our group life products in the large and jumbo case markets and our
Life and Disability
Sales Manager force to sell our group life and disability products in the
small and medium case markets. Group Insurance also distributes group life
products through Prudential Agents, primarily to the small case market, and
individual long-term care products through Prudential Agents as well as third-
party brokers and agents. At December 31, 2000, Group Insurance had field
sales offices in 36 major metropolitan areas.
Underwriting and Pricing
Group Insurance's product underwriting and pricing is centralized. We have
developed standard rating systems for each product line based on our past
experience and relevant industry experience. We are not obligated to accept
any application for a policy or group of policies from any distributor. We
follow uniform underwriting practices and procedures. If the coverage amount
exceeds certain prescribed age and amount limits, we may require a prospective
insured to submit to paramedical examinations.
We determine premiums on either a guaranteed cost basis or an experience-
rated participating basis, in which case the policyholder bears some of the
risk associated with claim experience fluctuations during the policy period.
At December 31, 2000, approximately 63% of our group life insurance premiums
and 23% of our group disability insurance premiums were attributable to
experience-rated participating policies as compared to 84% and 44% at December
31, 1996. We base product pricing of group insurance products on the expected
pay-out of benefits that we calculate using assumptions for mortality,
morbidity, expenses and persistency, depending upon the specific product
features.
The adequacy of our initial pricing of non-participating policies determines
their profitability. Long-term disability, in particular, involves a
commitment to insure disability that continues potentially over a person's
lifetime and, accordingly, contains the risk that loss experience is affected
by circumstances we did not expect when we issued a policy and substantially
exceeds pricing assumptions. In addition, the trend towards multiple year rate
guarantees for new policies, which are typically three years for life
insurance and two years for disability insurance, further increases the
adverse consequences of mispricing coverage and lengthens the time it takes to
reduce loss ratios.
Reserves and Reinsurance
We establish and carry as liabilities actuarially determined reserves that
we believe will meet our future obligations. We base these reserves on
actuarially recognized methods using prescribed morbidity and mortality tables
in general use in the United States, which we modify to reflect our actual
experience when appropriate. We calculate our reserves to equal the amounts
that we expect will be sufficient to meet our policy obligations. Reserves
also include claims reported but not yet paid, claims incurred but not
reported and claims in the process of settlement.
We reinsure portions of the risk we assume under our non-participating group
accidental death and dismemberment policies. In addition, we have catastrophic
reinsurance on our group life and accidental death and dismemberment products,
with stated deductible amounts and subject to contractual limits. We reinsure
portions of our disability insurance risks with third-party reinsurers. As of
December 31, 2000, the amount of ceded in force disability insurance premiums
totaled $5.8 million, representing less than 2% of our gross disability
insurance in force.
Other Employee Benefits
Retirement Services
Our Retirement Services unit distributes and services defined contribution
products for companies of all sizes. We offer products and services across the
defined contribution market--for example, the 401(a), 401(k), 403(b), 457 and
Taft-Hartley markets. We also offer products in the non-qualified retirement
market. Our flagship PruArray product includes proprietary and non-proprietary
investments. We also manufacture, distribute and administer guaranteed
products such as GICs, funding agreements and group annuities for defined
contribution
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plans, defined benefit pension plans and non-qualified entities. However, the
downgrade of our claims-paying rating to below double-A has substantially
limited our ability to market traditional guaranteed products, which are
backed by our general account.
The following table sets forth the account values of Retirement Services'
products and the number of defined contribution plans and plan participants as
of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
---------------------------
2000 1999 1998
--------- -------- --------
($ in billions)
Defined contribution products account value(1):
Proprietary....................................... $ 19.1 $ 20.5 $ 18.1
Non-proprietary................................... 6.9 5.3 3.4
--------- -------- --------
Total account value............................. $ 26.0 $ 25.8 $ 21.5
========= ======== ========
Number of defined contribution plans............... 8,127 7,868 7,613
Number of defined contribution plan participants... 1,027,948 939,579 869,089
Guaranteed products total account value(2)(3):
Spread-based products............................. $ 19.2 $ 20.0 $ 21.3
Fee-based products................................ 22.4 21.8 24.3
--------- -------- --------
Total account value............................. $ 41.6 $ 41.8 $ 45.6
========= ======== ========
--------
(1) Includes mutual fund investments through defined contribution plan
products.
(2) Includes $4.7 billion in 2000, $4.6 billion in 1999 and $5.2 billion in
1998 of externally managed separate accounts.
(3) Includes $8.2 billion at December 31, 2000, $8.2 billion at December 31,
1999 and $7.8 billion at December 31, 1998 of Prudential's retirement
plan assets.
Products
Our primary defined contribution product, PruArray, offers plan sponsors
access to more than 500 mutual funds, 45 of which are sponsored by Prudential,
with the balance sponsored by more than 25 other mutual fund companies.
PruArray also offers stable value investment options. We tailor PruArray to
the various defined contribution product markets, as appropriate, and to suit
retirement plans of different sizes.
Clients can customize PruArray through the addition of optional services
which include Goalmaker, our proprietary asset allocation program, as well as
a self-directed brokerage option that allows participants to trade stocks in
their accounts. We provide secure access to our website for plan sponsors and
plan participants who can obtain plan and account information, undertake
transactions and obtain tools to aid in financial and retirement planning.
Many of these capabilities are also available to plan participants via
wireless Internet access.
We offer general account GICs and funding agreements, through which
customers deposit funds with us under contracts that typically provide for a
specified rate of interest on the amount invested through the maturity of the
contract. We are obligated to pay principal and interest according to the
contracts' terms. This obligation is backed by our general account assets, and
we bear all of the investment and asset/liability management risk on these
contracts. As spread products, general account GICs and funding agreements
make a profit to the extent that the rate of return on the investments we make
with the invested funds exceeds the promised interest rate and our expenses.
Since 1998, we have offered our credit-enhanced GIC, which has a triple-A
rating, the highest rating possible, as a result of a guarantee from a
financial insurer. We also offer separate account and synthetic GICs, through
which we hold customers' funds either in a separate account or in trust
outside of our general account for the benefit of the customer. We pass all of
the investment results through to the customer, subject to a minimum interest
rate, and we do not earn spread income. As fee-based products, separate
account and synthetic GICs are less capital intensive and produce lower levels
of income than spread products. To the extent that Prudential's asset
management units are selected to manage client assets associated with fee-
based products, those units also earn investment management fees from those
relationships. A limited amount, $225 million, of our in force GIC business at
September 30, 2001 is putable to us at the option of the holder prior to the
applicable termination dates.
We offer group annuities primarily to defined benefit plans to provide fixed
lifetime benefits for a specified group of plan participants. These annuities
are generally single premium annuities that provide for either immediate or
deferred payments. We offer fixed payment annuities backed by our general
account (spread products) as well as separate account annuities (fee products)
that permit a plan sponsor to realize the benefit of investment and actuarial
results while receiving a general account guarantee of minimum benefits. We
also offer group fixed and variable annuities to individuals taking lump sum
distributions from defined contribution plans.
203
Finally, we offer structured settlement products, which are customized
annuities used to provide ongoing periodic payments to a claimant in
malpractice or personal injury lawsuits instead of a lump sum settlement.
We set our rates for guaranteed products using a proprietary pricing model
that considers the investment environment and our risk, expense and
profitability assumptions. Upon sale of a product, we adjust the duration of
our asset portfolio and lock in the prevailing interest rates. We continuously
monitor cash flow experience and work closely with our Portfolio Management
Group to review performance and ensure compliance with our investment policy.
We perform cash flow testing on an annual basis using various interest rate
scenarios to determine the adequacy of our reserves for future benefit
obligations.
Marketing and Distribution
Historically, defined contribution plans have been sold through Financial
Advisors and, to a lesser extent, Prudential Agents. A high concentration of
these plans have been in the core and small plan markets, with less than $50
million in plan assets. To increase our market share, we created a
distribution network to include over 30 third-party distributors including
brokers, regional broker-dealers and others. In addition, in 1999 we created a
small direct sales force to develop sales among plans with greater than $50
million in plan assets.
Because of downgrades of our S&P, Moody's and A.M. Best claims-paying
ratings in the mid-1990s, including as recently as 1998, our ability to sell
traditional guaranteed products has been very limited and we have focused our
efforts on our credit-enhanced GICs. Using a small direct sales force, we
place most of our traditional, separate account and credit-enhanced GIC
business with clients with whom we have an existing relationship.
Residential Real Estate Brokerage Franchise and Relocation Services
Prudential Real Estate and Relocation Services is our integrated real estate
brokerage franchise and relocation services business. The real estate group
markets franchises primarily to existing real estate companies. As of December
31, 2000, there were approximately 1,585 franchise offices and 42,000 sales
associates in the franchise network. The relocation group is the second
largest provider of comprehensive global relocation services to institutional
clients throughout North America in connection with the transfer of their
employees according to Relocation Information Service Incorporated.
Our franchise agreements grant the franchisee the right to use the
Prudential name and real estate service marks in return for royalty payments
on gross commissions generated by the franchisees. The franchises generally
are independently owned and operated. Our franchise group network has grown
significantly since it began offering franchises in 1988 and is now one of the
largest real estate brokerage franchise networks in North America.
Our relocation group offers institutional clients a variety of services in
connection with the relocation of their employees. These services include
coordination of appraisal, inspection and sale of relocating employees' homes,
equity advances to relocating employees, assistance in locating homes at the
relocating employee's destination, household goods moving services, and client
cost-tracking and a variety of relocation policy and group move consulting
services. For a number of clients, our relocation services are provided at the
client's workplace.
International Division
Our International division offers its services through two segments:
International Insurance and International Securities and Investments.
. International Insurance manufactures and distributes principally life
insurance products to the affluent retail market in Japan, as well as
Korea and Taiwan, and has commenced operations in selected Asian, Latin
American and European countries. In April 2001, we acquired Kyoei Life
Insurance Co., Ltd., now renamed Gibraltar Life. For a discussion of
Gibraltar Life, you should read "Acquisition of Kyoei Life Insurance
Co., Ltd." The discussion of International Insurance below excludes
Gibraltar Life.
. International Securities and Investments offers brokerage services,
primarily in U.S. securities, asset management and financial advisory
services to retail and institutional clients outside the United States.
International Investments offers domestic and foreign proprietary and
non-proprietary asset management services to mass affluent clients
outside the United States, marketed through proprietary and non-
proprietary distribution channels in selected international markets.
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Division Strategy
Our strategy is to grow our businesses in key international markets by
focusing on providing wealth growth and protection services for the affluent.
In executing this strategy, we target those countries that we believe offer
the opportunity and potential for scale operations that will generate
attractive financial returns.
In International Insurance, our strategy is to provide life insurance
products to affluent customers through a career agency force of well-trained,
motivated and predominantly university-educated professional representatives
known as Life Planners, using a needs analysis based sales process. We seek to
grow our established operations and to expand in selected international
markets.
In our international securities business, we focus on delivering quality
investment advice and a wide breadth of product choice through highly trained
Financial Advisors to affluent individuals globally.
In our international investments business we seek to expand our affluent
customer base outside the United States by increasing our global assets under
management, primarily by investing in asset management businesses around the
world.
International Insurance
Our International Insurance segment manufactures and distributes individual
life insurance products to the affluent market in Japan and other foreign
markets through Life Planners. We commenced sales in foreign markets as
follows: Japan, 1988; Taiwan, 1990; Italy, 1990; Korea, 1991; Brazil, 1998;
Argentina, 1999; the Philippines, 1999; and Poland, 2000. We also have a
representative office in China. In Brazil we operate through a joint venture
with Bradesco Seguros, Brazil's largest insurer based on total premium
according to the Brazilian National Federation of Insurance Companies. To
date, our Japanese operation has driven International Insurance's premium
revenue and adjusted operating income.
We run each country operation on a stand-alone basis with local management
and sales teams initially supported by senior International Insurance staff
based in Tokyo and Newark. Each operation has its own marketing, underwriting
and claims and investment management functions. Each operation invests
predominantly in local currency securities, typically bonds issued by the
local government or its agencies. In our larger operations, we have more
diversified portfolios.
Operating Data
The following table sets forth certain operating data for International
Insurance for the periods indicated.
Japan All Other Countries Total
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
As of or for Year As of or for Year As of or for Year
Ended December 31, Ended December 31, Ended December 31,
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
2000 1999 1998 2000 1999 1998 2000 1999 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
($ in millions unless otherwise noted)
GAAP exchange rate
basis(1):
Net premiums, policy
charges and fee
income................ $1,486 $1,244 $ 906 $ 287 $ 178 $ 104 $1,773 $1,422 $1,010
Annualized new business
premiums.............. $ 359 $ 302 $ 223 $ 150 $ 96 $ 47 $ 509 $ 398 $ 270
Constant exchange rate
basis(2):
Net premiums, policy
charges and fee
income................ $1,486 $1,308 $1,101 $ 287 $ 185 $ 118 $1,773 $1,493 $1,219
Annualized new business
premiums.............. $ 359 $ 318 $ 271 $ 150 $ 99 $ 54 $ 509 $ 417 $ 325
Face amount of policies
in force at year end
($ in billions)....... $ 126 $ 111 $ 95 $ 28 $ 18 $ 12 $ 154 $ 129 $ 107
Average policy size ($
in thousands)......... $ 157 $ 158 $ 159 $ 74 $ 69 $ 66 $ 130 $ 134 $ 137
Number of policies in
force (in thousands).. 805 701 597 376 261 179 1,181 962 776
Number of Life
Planners.............. 1,811 1,681 1,479 1,684 1,203 853 3,495 2,884 2,332
Number of field
managers.............. 286 225 193 448 364 197 734 589 390
Number of agencies...... 41 37 34 88 68 43 129 105 77
--------
(1) When we show GAAP exchange rate information, we translate based on the
applicable average exchange rate for the period shown.
(2) When we show constant exchange rate information, we translate based on
the applicable average exchange rate for the year ended December 31,
2000.
205
International Insurance has grown significantly since 1998. While the
Japanese life insurance market is saturated and new annualized premiums have
been decreasing industry-wide in Japan for the past several years, our new
annualized premiums in Japan increased by an annual average of 15.1% per year
from 1998 to 2000 on a constant exchange rate basis. Of the approximately 45
established life insurance companies operating in Japan, we ranked second in
the increase in the amount of insurance in force in fiscal year 2000 according
to the Hoken-kenkyujo (Insurance Research Institute). The number of our Life
Planners in Japan increased by 10.7% per year from 1998 to 2000. The increase
in Life Planners results from both strong recruiting and high retention, and
is the primary driver of our growth.
Other International Insurance operations also are growing. The strongest
growth outside Japan has been in Korea. From 1998 to 2000, our new annualized
premiums in Korea increased by an annual average of 74.5% per year and the
face amount of our policies in force grew 72.8% per year on a constant
exchange rate basis. This growth results primarily from a significant increase
in the number of Life Planners, which increased 34% from 1998 to 2000. In
Taiwan, our sales force increased by an annual average of 20% per year, which
contributed to an annual average growth in new annualized premiums of 30% per
year.
Not all of our international start-up operations have been successful. We
are currently restructuring our Italian operations to adhere more closely to
the Life Planner model by replacing inadequately performing Life Planners. Our
strategy is to adhere to a disciplined approach to expense control and
business expansion evaluation and to close new operations if we determine that
the Life Planner model is not being successfully implemented in a new country.
Products
We currently offer various traditional whole life, term life and endowment
policies, which provide for payment on the earlier of death or maturity, in
all of the countries in which we operate. We also offer variable and interest-
sensitive life products in Japan. Our policies generally are non-
participating. In connection with our Brazilian joint venture, we co-insure
certain personal lines property and casualty coverages written through the
Bradesco group. Generally, our international insurance products are
denominated in local currency, with the exception of products in Argentina,
which are U.S. dollar denominated, and some policies in Japan for which
premiums and benefits are payable in U.S. dollars.
Marketing and Distribution
Our Life Planner model is significantly different from the way traditional
industry participants offer life insurance in Japan and in some of the other
countries where we do business. We believe that our recruitment standards,
training, motivation and compensation package are key to the Life Planner
model and have helped our International Insurance segment achieve higher rates
of agent retention, agent productivity and policy persistency than our local
competitors. In general, we recruit Life Planners with:
. university degrees, so that the Life Planner will have the same
educational background and outlook as the target customer,
. a minimum of two to three years sales or sales management experience,
. no life insurance sales experience, and
. a pattern of job stability and success.
The Life Planner's objective is to sell protection-oriented life insurance
products on a needs basis to upper middle and upper income customers. The Life
Planner model relies in part on significant motivational training of the
career force in order to instill belief in the product. We train Life Planners
to help customers understand their needs for life insurance, help customers
meet their needs through the purchase of selected products and provide
continuing service to customers so that the customer's program remains
current. We believe that customers who understand their needs and purchase
policies based on their needs are more likely to keep their policies in force.
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The following table sets forth Life Planner retention, Life Planner
productivity and policy persistency information for the periods indicated.
Japan All Other Countries Total
---------------- ------------------------ ----------------
2000 1999 1998 2000 1999 1998 2000 1999 1998
---- ---- ---- ------ ------ ------ ---- ---- ----
Life Planner Retention:
12 Month............... 92% 91% 93% 66% 72% 79% 75% 79% 86%
24 Month............... 83% 84% 89% 54% 60% 49% 65% 72% 69%
Life Planner
Productivity(1)........ 6.7 7.0 7.2 8.4 8.3 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.1
Policy Persistency(2):
13 Months.............. 95% 95% 95% 90% 87% 83% 94% 94% 93%
25 Months.............. 90% 89% 90% 82% 74% 74% 88% 86% 88%
--------
(1) Average number of policies issued per Life Planner each month.
(2) The percentage of policies issued that are still in force at the beginning
of their second policy year or third policy year.
In 2000, our average 12- and 24-month Life Planner retention rates in Japan
were 92% and 83%, respectively, compared to 41% and 19% for all life agents in
Japan according to information gathered through Gyomu Kondan-Kai, a Japanese
life insurance industry trade association. In 2000, our average Life Planner
in Japan sold approximately 6.7 policies per month compared to a 2.7 policy
average for all life agents in Japan according to information gathered through
Gyomu Kondan-Kai. In 2000, we generated 13-month and 25-month policy
persistency rates of 95% and 90%, respectively, compared to 86% and 74% for
the entire life insurance industry in Japan according to information gathered
through Gyomu Kondan-Kai. These numbers compare our 2000 calendar year data
with the most recent competitor data available from Japan, which is for the
year ending March 31, 2000.
In 1998, International Insurance developed the "Top Gun" training program to
meet the growing need for field managers as it expands. This program is
designed to provide intensive management training for specially recruited
candidates who we believe will make leading managers. Managers trained in the
Top Gun program will start new operations where International Insurance is
expanding and will recruit and train new Life Planners. In areas where
International Insurance has existing operations, we expect that managers
trained in this program will strengthen existing management and increase our
expansion capacity.
Underwriting and Pricing
Our International Insurance segment is subject to substantial local
regulation that is generally more restrictive of product offerings, pricing
and structure than U.S. insurance regulation. Each International Insurance
country operation has its own underwriting department that employs variations
of our domestic practices in underwriting individual policy risks designed to
assess and quantify risks. In setting underwriting limits, we consider local
industry standards to prevent adverse selection and to stay abreast of
industry trends. We also set underwriting limits together with each
operation's reinsurers.
Pricing of individual life insurance products, particularly in Japan and
Korea, is more regulated than in the United States. In Japan, premiums are
different for participating and non-participating products, but within each
product type they are generally uniform for all companies. The mortality and
morbidity rates and interest rates that we use to calculate premiums are
restricted by regulation on the basis of product type. The interest rates do
not always reflect the market rates we earn on our investments, and, as a
result, there have been periods when we have experienced negative spreads
between the rate we were required to pay and the rate we earned on
investments.
Reserves and Reinsurance
We establish and carry as liabilities actuarially determined reserves which
we believe will meet our future obligations. In Japan, we set reserves for
variable and interest-sensitive life products according to premiums collected
plus investment results credited less charges. We base other fixed death
benefit reserves on appropriate assumptions for investment yield, persistency,
mortality and morbidity rates, expenses and margins for adverse deviation.
International Insurance reinsures portions of its insurance risks with both
third-party reinsurers and The Prudential Insurance Company of America under
reinsurance agreements primarily on a yearly renewable term basis.
International Insurance also buys catastrophe reinsurance that covers multiple
deaths from a single occurrence in Japan and Taiwan and has a coinsurance
agreement with The Prudential Insurance Company of
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America for U.S. dollar denominated business in Japan. As of December 31,
2000, the amount of ceded business in force totaled $9.1 billion to third-
party reinsurers and $43.3 billion to The Prudential Insurance Company of
America, representing 6.3% and 30.0% of International Insurance's gross
insurance in force.
International Securities and Investments
Our International Securities and Investments segment provides advice and
investment product choice to retail and institutional clients in selected
international markets. Our securities business offers financial advisory,
private banking and brokerage services, primarily in U.S. securities, as well
as sales and trading for a wide range of futures and forward contracts, on a
global basis, for retail and institutional customers. Our investments business
includes manufacturing of proprietary products and distribution of both
proprietary and non-proprietary products, all tailored to meet client needs in
the target countries.
We conduct our operations through a network of 29 branch offices in Europe,
Asia and Latin America. At December 31, 2000, we had 620 international
Financial Advisors and $23 billion of client assets and assets under
management outside the United States. Our international operations also
include a private bank based in London with an office in Luxembourg and a
private trust based in the Cayman Islands.
We offer our international retail clients products and services similar to
the products we offer to domestic clients, including the Command account and
access to Prudential-Bache.com. In the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, we are
full service broker-dealers in local equities, supported by research and
securities clearing operations. We also provide our U.S. equity research
coverage and execution services to institutional clients.
We manage our international Financial Advisors in a manner similar to our
domestic Financial Advisor force and compensate them using commission and
bonus. We generally recruit and train our own new Financial Advisors in our
international operations; however, our strategy of selectively entering local
markets through acquisitions also allows us to add Financial Advisors. In
September 1999, we acquired BH Matheson Holdings Limited, now named Prudential
Bache Holdings Limited, a London-based stockbroker, investment advisor and
asset manager with approximately $3.2 billion in institutional and retail
client assets at that time.
Our futures operations provide advice, sales and trading on a global basis
covering a wide variety of commodity, financial and foreign exchange futures
and forward contracts, including agricultural commodities, base and precious
metals, major currencies, interest rate and stock indices. We conduct these
operations through offices in the United States, Europe and Asia, and we are
members of most major futures exchanges. We transact most of our business with
institutions. We conduct futures transactions on margin according to the
regulations of the different futures exchanges. As with any margin
transaction, the risk of credit loss is greater than in cash transactions.
In our international investments business we invest in asset management
businesses around the world in order to expand our affluent customer base
outside the United States and to increase our global assets under management.
Asset Management Division
Our Asset Management division consists of two segments: Investment
Management and Advisory Services and Other Asset Management.
. Investment Management and Advisory Services provides investment
management and advisory services primarily for the U.S. Consumer and
Employee Benefits divisions and the Traditional Participating Products
segment. It also provides these services and related products across a
broad range of asset classes directly to institutional clients, to whom
it markets through its own sales force. In 1998, we formed our Investment
Management and Advisory Services segment by aggregating asset management
units into a single organization.
. Other Asset Management engages in equity securities sales and trading and
investment research, and seeks to participate in securities
underwritings, as a co-manager or other participant, where our research
efforts are attractive to issuers and investment banks. This segment also
engages in commercial mortgage securitization operations, manages our
hedge portfolios and engages in proprietary investments and syndications.
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Division Strategy
Our Asset Management business strategy is to increase assets under
management and profitability by providing clients with consistently strong
investment performance, excellent service and a choice of quality products in
a way that uses our scale and breadth to their advantage. In addition, we seek
to earn incremental returns by extending our investment capabilities into
proprietary trading and investing in selected areas.
Investment Management and Advisory Services
Initiatives
We have completed the following initiatives:
. In 2000, the segment consolidated substantially all of our public equity
management capabilities into our wholly owned subsidiary, Jennison, a
widely recognized institutional manager of growth stocks.
. During 1999, the segment consolidated three fixed income functions
serving separate customer constituents into one organization.
Operating Data
The following tables set forth the Investment Management and Advisory
Services segment's assets under management at fair market value by asset class
and source as of the dates indicated.
September 30, 2001
---------------------------------
Fixed Real
Equity(1) Income(2) Estate Total
--------- --------- ------ ------
(in billions)
Retail customers(3).......................... $ 39.7 $ 53.1 $ -- $ 92.8
Institutional customers...................... 35.2 39.6 10.1 84.9
General account.............................. 2.2 106.4 1.5 110.1
------ ------ ------ ------
Total........................................ $ 77.1 $199.1 $ 11.6 $287.8
====== ====== ====== ======
December 31, 2000
---------------------------------
Fixed Real
Equity(1) Income(2) Estate Total
--------- --------- ------ ------
(in billions)
Retail customers(3).......................... $ 58.7 $ 48.7 $ -- $107.4
Institutional customers...................... 46.4 38.7 10.0 95.1
General account.............................. 2.2 105.6 2.2 110.0
------ ------ ------ ------
Total........................................ $107.3 $193.0 $ 12.2 $312.5
====== ====== ====== ======
December 31, 1999
---------------------------------
Fixed Real
Equity(1) Income(2) Estate Total
--------- --------- ------ ------
(in billions)
Retail customers(3).......................... $ 60.2 $ 48.3 $ -- $108.5
Institutional customers...................... 52.9 35.3 8.6 96.8
General account.............................. 3.1 102.8 2.0 107.9
------ ------ ------ ------
Total........................................ $116.2 $186.4 $ 10.6 $313.2
====== ====== ====== ======
December 31, 1998
---------------------------------
Fixed Real
Equity(1) Income(2) Estate Total
--------- --------- ------ ------
(in billions)
Retail customers(3).......................... $ 49.8 $ 46.7 $ -- $ 96.5
Institutional customers...................... 46.4 37.6 8.0 92.0
General account.............................. 2.6 113.4 3.8 119.8
------ ------ ------ ------
Total........................................ $ 98.8 $197.7 $ 11.8 $308.3
====== ====== ====== ======
209
--------
(1) Includes private equity investments of institutional customers of $0.8
billion as of September 30, 2001, $0.6 billion as of December 31, 2000,
$1.2 billion as of December 31, 1999 and $0.8 billion as of December 31,
1998, and private equity assets in our general account of $1.5 billion,
$1.3 billion, $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, as of those dates.
(2) Includes private fixed income assets of institutional customers of $4.1
billion as of September 30, 2001, $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2000,
$3.4 billion as of December 31, 1999 and $3.2 billion as of December 31,
1998, and private fixed income assets in our general account of $46.0
billion, $45.9 billion, $46.1 billion and $53.8 billion, as of those
dates. Included in these private fixed income assets are commercial
mortgages for institutional customers of $2.7 billion as of September 30,
2001, $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2000, $2.1 billion as of December
31, 1999, and $1.7 billion as of December 31, 1998, and commercial
mortgages for our general account of $17.0 billion, $17.0 billion, $16.6
billion and $18.1 billion as of those dates, respectively.
(3) Consists of individual mutual funds and both variable annuities and
variable life insurance in our separate accounts. Fixed annuities and the
fixed-rate option of both variable annuities and variable life insurance
are included in our general account.
Most of the retail customer assets reflected in the foregoing tables are
invested through our mutual funds and variable annuities described above under
"--U.S. Consumer Division--Retail Investments" and the remainder is invested
through our variable life insurance products described above under "--U.S.
Consumer Division--Individual Life Insurance--Products". These assets under
management are gathered by the U.S. Consumer division. In addition, we use the
platforms that provide asset management for the institutional products and
services described below to provide asset management for our retail customers'
assets within this segment and for our general account. We discuss our general
account below under "--General Account Investments".
The following is a description of the Asset Management segment's
institutional products and services.
Products and Services
Institutional Public Equity and Fixed Income Asset Management
Our institutional public equity and fixed income units provide discretionary
and non-discretionary asset management services to a broad array of
institutional clients. These units managed $69.9 billion of our $84.9 billion
and $80.3 billion of our $95.1 billion of institutional assets under
management as of September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000. Of the $69.9
billion, $50.3 billion was gathered by the Asset Management division's sales
force and $19.6 billion was acquired by the Employee Benefits division's sales
force. Of the $80.3 billion, $59.7 billion was gathered by the Asset
Management division's sales force and $20.6 billion was acquired by the
Employee Benefits division's sales forces. We manage a broad array of publicly
traded equity and debt asset classes using various investment styles. We
tailor investment portfolios to the specific objectives and risk tolerance
levels of each client.
As noted above, substantially all of our public equity asset management
capabilities were consolidated into Jennison during 2000. Jennison is a widely
recognized manager of institutional assets and is a leading subadvisor for
mutual fund assets. Under former arrangements with Jennison, we received a
specified share of the gross revenues generated and its remaining revenues
were used by Jennison to pay compensation and other operating expenses. As
part of the consolidation, commencing in 2001, Jennison's compensation
arrangements are based on investment and operating performance, consistent
with current industry standards.
Institutional Real Estate and Private Equity Asset Management
Our real estate unit provides asset management services for single-client
and commingled real estate portfolios and manufactures and manages a variety
of real estate investment vehicles for institutional clients. These operations
accounted for $10.1 billion and $10.0 billion of our assets under management
as of September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000. Our real estate investment
vehicles range from fully diversified funds to specialized funds that invest
in specific types of properties or specific geographic regions or follow other
specific investment strategies.
Our institutional private equity unit manufactures and manages a variety of
investment vehicles for investment in private equities. The private equities
include venture capital, leveraged buyouts, development capital, mezzanine
debt and special situation subclasses. These subclasses share attributes of
illiquidity, less efficient markets, high risk and high target returns.
Commercial Mortgage Origination and Servicing
Our commercial mortgage banking business provides mortgage origination and
servicing for our general account and institutional clients. At September 30,
2001, we serviced a commercial mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $14
billion for third parties and an additional $20 billion for the general
account and
210
institutional investors. At December 31, 2000, we serviced a commercial
mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $14 billion for third parties, and an
additional $19 billion for the general account and institutional investors.
The unit also originates and purchases commercial mortgages for sale in
securitization transactions. Origination and servicing activity is included in
this segment. Securitization activity is included in the Other Asset
Management segment, as described below under "--Other Asset Management--
Commercial Mortgage Securitization".
In May 2000, the business acquired The WMF Group, Ltd., a leading originator
and servicer of multi-family and commercial mortgage loans, which was combined
with the rest of our commercial mortgage banking activities. The WMF
businesses that were acquired include Fannie Mae loan origination and
servicing, FHA loan origination and servicing and a high-yield real estate
funds management company.
Other Asset Management
Equity Securities Sales and Trading
We engage in equity securities sales and trading, and pursue co-manager
positions and participations in underwritings where our research efforts are
attractive to issuers and lead underwriters. We execute client transactions in
equity securities on both an agency and a principal basis in listed and NASDAQ
equities and equity options and make a market in 485 NASDAQ securities.
Investment Research
Research is an important component of our advice-based strategy. Our
analysts, which numbered approximately 57 as of September 30, 2001, produce
reports and studies on the economy; the equity markets; industries and
specific companies; investment and portfolio strategies; and regulatory,
political, legislative and tax issues. As of September 30, 2001, our equity
research group covered a broad range of industries and approximately 530
companies. In the past we focused our research on many of the same industries
and market segments that were covered by our former lead-managed equity
underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income businesses.
In the future, we expect to increasingly focus our research on companies of
interest to our retail and institutional customers, as our research is
intended to provide information and advice to clients.
Commercial Mortgage Securitization
We sell commercial mortgages originated by the Investment Management and
Advisory Services segment, together with other commercial mortgages we may
purchase for this purpose, in securitization transactions. We also make
interim loans when we expect the loan to lead to a securitization opportunity.
Since we commenced operations, we have completed eight securitizations
involving a total of $3.4 billion of mortgages. As of September 30, 2001, our
warehouse balance of mortgages pending securitization and interim loans
totaled approximately $1.2 billion.
Hedge Portfolios
In 1998, we started a hedge portfolio that holds principal positions in U.S.
government and agency securities and hedges them with short positions in
similar securities in order to utilize our general account investment
management strengths. We currently have authorized a maximum aggregate
principal position limit of $10 billion and associated asset-based financing
for this hedge portfolio. In December 1999, we began operating a second hedge
portfolio, that involves a wider range of security types, including domestic
and foreign investment grade corporate bonds, foreign sovereign debt and
currency forward contracts and has an authorized maximum aggregate principal
position limit of $2 billion and associated asset-based financing. As of
September 30, 2001 the hedge portfolios had a total carrying value of
approximately $4.0 billion, reflecting both principal positions and securities
financing positions.
Proprietary Investments and Syndications
We also make proprietary investments in public and private debt and equity
securities, including controlling interests, with the intention to sell or
syndicate to investors, including our general account. As of September 30,
2001, we had invested approximately $173 million in this portfolio. After sale
or syndication, these assets will be managed by our Investment Management and
Advisory Services segment.
211
Corporate and Other Operations
Our Corporate and Other operations include corporate-level activities and
international ventures that we do not allocate to our business segments.
Corporate-level activities consist primarily of corporate-level income and
expenses not allocated to any of our business segments, including costs for
company-wide initiatives such as enhancement of our Internet capabilities and
income from our own qualified pension plans, as well as investment returns on
our capital that is not deployed in any of our business segments. Our
Corporate and Other operations also include returns from investments that we
do not allocate to any of our business segments. These investments, including
cash and cash equivalents, totalled $8.1 billion and $9.1 billion as of
September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000, respectively. As part of our
corporate investment activities, we borrow funds and use our asset/liability
management skills to earn additional spread income on the borrowed funds.
During the last five years, we have divested or stopped pursuing a number of
under-performing businesses, most of which were incurring losses. Corporate
and Other operations include these divested and wind-down businesses, except
for our divested healthcare business, which is treated as a discontinued
operation.
Wind-down Businesses
Group Credit Insurance
We ceased issuing new group policies in our group credit insurance
operations in 1996. These operations issued primarily credit life insurance,
which upon the insured's death pays off the insured's debt to the creditor
through which the coverage was purchased, and credit disability insurance,
which pays the insured's monthly debt payment to the creditor for a specified
period while the insured borrower is disabled. Premiums for these coverages
were charged on either a single premium basis, whereby the entire charge for
the premium was paid up front when the coverage was issued, or on an
outstanding balance basis, which was remitted monthly based on the fluctuating
account balance. Although we ceased issuing new group policies in 1996, our
existing policyholders were permitted to insure new borrowers in 1997 while
they negotiated a new contract with another insurance carrier. We ceded,
through assumption reinsurance, a significant portion of the single premium
business pursuant to which the reinsurer assumes the role of the insurer, or
terminated substantially all of our outstanding balance business in 1997 and
1998. In 1998, we entered into a service agreement with a third-party
administrator to administer the runoff of our remaining in force business. For
business in which the borrower paid a single premium for insurance coverage on
a loan, the insurance coverage remains in force until the debt is discharged
or the final maturity date. We estimate that a substantial majority of our
remaining group credit insurance business will expire by 2006, although the
latest policy expiration date is in 2027. As of September 30, 2001, there are
approximately 25,000 in force certificates and our reserves for future policy
benefits and claims for the remaining in force group credit insurance business
total approximately $20 million.
Individual Health
We began selling individual health and disability income policies in the
early 1950s. In 1992, we ceased writing individual disability income policies
and a year later ceased writing hospital expense and major medical policies
due to declining sales and poor financial results. Most of our disability
income policies are noncancelable, which means that we can neither change the
premium nor cancel the coverage. The 1997 Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act guarantees renewal of all health policies. Under certain
circumstances, we are permitted to change the premiums charged for individual
health coverage if we can demonstrate that the premiums have not been
sufficient to pay claims and expenses. As of September 30, 2001, we had
reserves of $85 million for approximately 45,000 individual health policies
and reserves of $52 million for approximately 30,000 individual disability
income policies in effect at that date. As of July 1, 1999, we reinsured all
the disability income policies.
Canadian Operations
We have retained and continue to service several blocks of insurance not
sold with our divested Canadian businesses described under "--Divested
Businesses--Divested Canadian Businesses" below. These blocks represent
approximately $118 million of policy liabilities at September 30, 2001. These
blocks of insurance include the policies that we will include in the Canadian
closed block described above under "Demutualization and Related Transactions--
The Demutualization--The Closed Block". A significant portion of the retained
business constitutes paid-up individual life insurance.
212
Divested Businesses
The following operations are businesses that we previously divested but that
do not qualify for "discontinued operations" accounting treatment under GAAP.
We include the results of these divested businesses in our income from
continuing operations before income taxes, but we exclude these results from
our adjusted operating income. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Consolidated Results of
Operations--Adjusted Operating Income" for an explanation of adjusted
operating income.
Lead-Managed Equity Underwriting for Corporate Issuers and Institutional Fixed
Income Activities of Prudential Securities
In the fourth quarter of 2000, we announced a restructuring of Prudential
Securities' activities to implement a fundamental shift in our business
strategy. We have exited the lead-managed equity underwriting for corporate
issuers and institutional fixed income businesses. The total reduction in
staffing from the former lead-managed underwriting and institutional fixed
income businesses of Prudential Securities involved 700 positions. See
"Business--U.S. Consumer Division--Division Strategy" for a discussion of this
restructuring.
Gibraltar Casualty
On September 19, 2000, we sold all of the stock of Gibraltar Casualty
Company, our commercial property and casualty insurer that we had placed in
wind-down status in 1985. Gibraltar Casualty's business consisted primarily of
surplus and excess lines insurance, including property, casualty, professional
liability and product liability, underwritten for medium to large
corporations. As of the date of sale, Gibraltar Casualty's largest continuing
exposures were potential liabilities for asbestos and environmental damages.
The ultimate liability for asbestos and environmental claims cannot be
estimated using traditional reserving techniques due to significant
uncertainties. In addition, Gibraltar Casualty faced potential liability
arising from claims for latent injury product exposures involving silicone
implants, HIV-contaminated blood products and pharmaceutical products. Upon
closing of the sale, we entered into a stop-loss agreement with the purchaser
under which we will reinsure the purchaser for up to 80% of the first $200
million of any adverse loss development in excess of Gibraltar Casualty's
carried reserves as of the closing date of the transaction. We believe that
any payments ultimately made pursuant to the stop-loss agreement will not have
a material adverse effect on our financial position.
Divested Canadian Businesses
We previously sold individual and group life insurance, annuities and group
health insurance in Canada through a Canadian branch of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America and through Prudential of America Life Insurance
Company, as well as property and casualty insurance through Prudential of
America General Insurance Company (Canada) and OTIP/RAEO Benefits
Incorporated. In 1996, except as noted above, we sold substantially all of the
Canadian branch's operations and policies in force and all of our Canadian
property and casualty operations. Also, in 2000, we sold our interest in
Prudential of America Life Insurance Company.
In the sale of the life insurance operations, the purchaser assumed through
assumption reinsurance, pursuant to which it assumed our role as insurer,
approximately $3 billion of our insurance and annuity liabilities, received an
equal amount of investment assets to support the assumed liabilities and
purchased substantially all of the Canadian branch's operating assets. We have
indemnified the purchaser for damages with respect to any claims related to
sales practices or market conduct issues arising from the Canadian branch's
operations prior to the sale. We retained no policy liabilities with respect
to the property and casualty insurance business following that company's sale.
While there can be no assurance, we believe we have reserved in all material
respects for any contingent liabilities arising from these divested Canadian
businesses prior to sale. In connection with the sales, we agreed to refrain
from conducting new individual and group life and health insurance, annuity,
property and casualty insurance and mutual funds business in Canada for five
years from the applicable sale date.
Residential First Mortgage Banking
Prior to May 1996, we conducted substantial residential first mortgage
banking and related operations through The Prudential Home Mortgage Company,
Inc. and its affiliates. Prudential Home Mortgage originated and purchased
residential first mortgage loans and generally sold the loans it originated
and purchased, through both direct sales and securitizations, while retaining
the servicing rights and ongoing servicing fees. We decided
213
to sell Prudential Home Mortgage in 1995 and sold substantially all of the
business operations and mortgage loan inventory and approximately two-thirds
of the loan servicing rights in 1996. In 1997, we sold substantially all of
the remaining loan servicing rights and, since 1996, have sold most of its
remaining first mortgage loans, foreclosed properties and other assets.
While we were actively engaged in this business, Prudential Home Mortgage
sold a portion of its mortgage loans with full or partial recourse that
requires Prudential Home Mortgage to either repurchase or indemnify the
purchaser for losses incurred with respect to any of the sold loans that
become non-performing. For a loan sold with full recourse, this contingent
obligation continues until Prudential Home Mortgage either discharges or
repurchases the loan. The last scheduled maturity date of a loan sold with
full recourse is in 2029. For a loan sold with partial recourse, the
repurchase obligation generally ends after a specified period of time. The
aggregate principal amount of the remaining outstanding loans that we sold
with full and partial recourse totaled approximately $94 million at September
30, 2001.
We also remain liable with respect to claims concerning these operations
prior to sale, including claims made by borrowers under the loans Prudential
Home Mortgage originated or serviced, purchasers of the loans Prudential Home
Mortgage sold, investors in the mortgage-backed securities issued in the
securitizations and purchasers of the operations and servicing rights. Since
the sale of the operations, we have been involved in a number of class action
lawsuits relating to Prudential Home Mortgage's operations prior to sale that
remain pending. These class actions primarily allege that certain of
Prudential Home Mortgage's loan origination or servicing practices violated
applicable federal or state consumer protection laws. While we believe that as
of September 30, 2001 we had adequately reserved in all material respects for
the remaining liabilities associated with Prudential Home Mortgage, we may be
required to take additional charges that could be material to our results of
operations.
Traditional Participating Products
As a mutual insurance company, we issued most of our individual life
insurance products on a "participating" basis, whereby policyholders are
eligible to receive policyholder dividends reflecting experience. These life
insurance products have historically been included in our Traditional
Participating Products segment. In connection with the demutualization, we
will cease offering domestic participating products. The liabilities for our
individual in force participating products will then be segregated, together
with assets which will be used exclusively for the payment of benefits and
policyholder dividends, expenses and taxes with respect to these products, in
a regulatory mechanism referred to as the "Closed Block". We have selected the
amount and type of Closed Block Assets and Closed Block Liabilities included
in the Closed Block so that the Closed Block Assets initially will have a
lower book value than the Closed Block Liabilities. We expect that the Closed
Block Assets will generate sufficient cash flow, together with anticipated
revenues from the Closed Block policies, over the life of the Closed Block to
fund payments of all policyholder benefits to be paid to, and the reasonable
dividend expectations of, policyholders of the Closed Block products. We also
will segregate for accounting purposes the Surplus and Related Assets that we
will need to hold outside the Closed Block to meet capital requirements
related to the products included within the Closed Block. No policies sold
after demutualization will be added to the Closed Block and its in force
business is expected to ultimately decline as we pay policyholder benefits in
full. We expect the proportion of our business represented by the Closed Block
to decline as we grow other businesses. A minor portion of our Traditional
Participating Products segment has consisted of other traditional insurance
products that will not be included in the Closed Block.
Historically, the participating products to be included in the Closed Block,
as well as the other products included in the Traditional Participating
Products segment, have yielded lower returns on capital invested than many of
our other businesses. The separation for segment reporting purposes of the
Traditional Participating Products segment from our Financial Services
Businesses permits us better to identify the results of these businesses.
However, the relatively lower returns on traditional participating products
will continue to affect our consolidated results of operations for many years.
We show historical information regarding both our participating and non-
participating life insurance policies under "--U.S. Consumer Division--
Individual Life Insurance" above and both our participating and non-
participating individual annuities under "--U.S. Consumer Division--Retail
Investments" above. We discuss the future operation of the Closed Block under
"Demutualization and Related Transactions--The Demutualization--The Closed
Block".
214
Our strategy for the Traditional Participating Products segment is to
maintain the Closed Block included in the segment as required by our plan of
reorganization over the time period of the gradual diminishment as
policyholder benefits are paid in full. As discussed under "Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information--Unaudited Pro Forma Closed
Block Information", if performance of the Closed Block is more favorable than
we originally assumed in funding, we will pay the excess to Closed Block
policyholders as additional policyholder dividends, and it will not be
available to shareholders. The Class B Stock will be designed to reflect the
performance of our participating products to be included in the Closed Block
and other related assets and liabilities. Following such issuance, we will
refer to this business as the "Closed Block Business".
Discontinued Operations--Healthcare
Overview and Principal Sale Transaction
We sold substantially all of the assets and liabilities of our group managed
and indemnity healthcare business to Aetna Inc. in a transaction that closed
on August 6, 1999. Aetna paid $500 million of cash, $500 million of senior
notes maturing on August 6, 2002 and stock appreciation rights, the latter of
which expired at December 31, 2000 with no value.
The sale included the following principal transactions:
. We transferred to Aetna the operating subsidiaries that collectively
accounted for most of our fully insured managed medical and dental
business and a related pharmacy service company.
. We entered into a coinsurance agreement with Aetna under which Aetna
reinsures 100% of the risk, in exchange for 100% of the premiums, on our
group indemnity, fully insured medical and dental business and the
remaining portion of our managed medical and dental business. Under this
agreement, Aetna had the right to require us to issue additional
policies for:
. medical and dental insurance coverages for new customers in response
to proposals made to brokers or customers within six months after
the closing date, or later in certain limited circumstances, and
renewals of these coverages, and
. renewals of medical and dental insurance coverages in effect on the
closing date, provided that the renewals have effective dates no
later than two years after the closing date and provided that
certain other conditions are satisfied.
We did not receive any additional consideration for the issuance of these
additional policies, which Aetna reinsured fully under this agreement.
Both of these provisions have since expired.
. We entered into a risk sharing agreement with Aetna whereby each party
agreed to pay the other a specified amount of money in the event that
the medical loss ratio for substantially all of the healthcare business
that we sold deviates from specified levels between the closing date and
December 31, 2000. The medical loss ratio is equal to the amount of
medical claims paid plus an actuarial estimate of claims incurred but
not paid, divided by the premiums earned. Pursuant to the agreement, we
have made payments to Aetna of $212 million for the period ending
December 31, 2000, including initial payments with respect to years 1999
and 2000 described below.
Aetna has calculated and presented a proposed final risk share early
settlement. As of September 30, 2001, negotiations continue in the paid
claim development and methodology used in the financial reserve
calculations.
. We and Aetna entered into an administrative services agreement, under
which Aetna is providing specified administrative services, including
services required under contracts through which we provide
administrative services only to healthcare self-insurance plans of third
parties. In exchange for the services relating to these administrative
services contracts, we pass on to Aetna all of the fees that we receive
under the contracts, and we agreed to pay Aetna approximately an
additional $263 million that we paid in installments through February
28, 2001.
. We agreed not to re-enter, directly or through acquisitions, the group
managed or indemnity medical or dental business until August 6, 2004.
. We entered into a trademark license agreement that grants Aetna a non-
exclusive license to use certain Prudential trademarks in connection
with the disposed healthcare business until January 31, 2002, subject to
extension in certain circumstances.
215
The sale did not include our 50% interest in Rush Prudential Health Plans, a
joint venture with Rush-Presbyterian--St. Luke's Medical Center of Chicago
which provided managed and indemnity healthcare coverages. On March 1, 2000,
we and our joint venture partner completed the sale of this joint venture to
WellPoint Health Networks, Inc.
Contingent Exposures
We have remaining exposure under the risk sharing agreement described above
in the event that the medical loss ratio exceeds the specified levels for the
year 2000. The medical loss ratio for 1999 exceeded the level that requires us
to pay Aetna, resulting in initial payments to Aetna with respect to 1999 of
$80 million. Through December 31, 2000, the medical loss ratio for 2000
exceeded the level that requires us to pay Aetna, resulting in initial
payments to Aetna with respect to 2000 of $132 million. The remaining exposure
under this agreement relates to the final payment that may be due under the
risk sharing agreement as discussed above.
We agreed to indemnify Aetna and Aetna Life Insurance for actual losses they
may incur as a result of any inaccurate representations that we may have made
in the sale agreement. This indemnification obligation is limited to $595
million and is subject to a $23 million deductible.
We retained all liabilities associated with litigation that existed at the
closing date or commenced within two years of that date (i.e., August 6, 2001)
with respect to claims relating to events that occurred prior to the closing
date. These liabilities are not subject to, and do not count toward, the
limitation discussed in the previous paragraph. See "--Litigation and
Regulatory Proceedings--Discontinued Operations" for a discussion of
litigation with respect to healthcare claims.
Financial Impact
The assets that we sold or transferred to Aetna had an aggregate book value
of approximately $2.15 billion as of the closing date and exceeded by
approximately $700 million the aggregate book value of the liabilities assumed
by or transferred to Aetna. We also transferred approximately 14,000 employees
to Aetna.
In 1998 and 1999, we recognized an aggregate pre-tax loss of $994 million,
$623 million after tax, in connection with the sale of the healthcare
business. This pre-tax loss reflects the difference between the consideration
that Aetna paid us and the sum of:
(1) the $700 million difference between the assets and liabilities of the
healthcare business;
(2) the operating losses of the healthcare business in 1999 prior to the
closing date, including a strengthening of healthcare reserves of $160
million;
(3) the $263 million of payments made to Aetna under the administrative
services agreement;
(4) reserves for possible payments to Aetna under the risk sharing
agreement, including the $212 million paid to date by us in that
regard;
(5) reserves for the litigation for which we remain liable and the
indemnification provisions of the sale agreement; and
(6) other payments and reserves for closing, transition and employee-
related costs.
In 2000, upon the completion of the period covered by the risk sharing
agreement and taking into consideration other costs incurred compared with
those estimated in 1998 and 1999, we reduced the loss on disposal by $77
million, net of taxes. While we believe that at September 30, 2001 we had
adequately reserved in all material respects for remaining costs and
liabilities associated with the healthcare business, taking into account
amounts paid and received to date, we may be required to take additional
charges that could be material to our results of operations.
Intangible and Intellectual Property
We use numerous federal, state and foreign service and trademarks. We
believe that the goodwill associated with many of our marks, particularly the
word marks "Prudential", "Prudential Insurance", "Prudential Securities",
"Prudential Investments" and "Prudential Real Estate" and our "Rock" logo, are
significant competitive assets in the United States. In a number of countries
outside North and South America, primarily the United Kingdom, western Europe,
Hong Kong and Singapore, we are unable to use the "Prudential" name. Where
these limitations apply, we combine our "Rock" logo with alternative word
marks. We believe that these limitations do not materially affect our ability
to operate or expand internationally.
216
General Account Investments
We maintain a diversified investment portfolio in our insurance companies to
support our liabilities to customers in our U.S. Consumer, Employee Benefit
and International divisions as well as certain of our Corporate and Other
operations and our other general liabilities. Our general account does not
include assets of our securities brokerage, securities trading, banking
operations, assets of our asset management operations managed for third
parties, and separate account assets for which the customer assumes risks of
ownership. In addition, our general account as described below does not
reflect general account assets of Gibraltar Life. For a discussion of general
account assets of Gibraltar Life, you should read "Acquisition of Kyoei Life
Insurance Co., Ltd.--Gibraltar Life General Account Investments". The
information below is presented on a consolidated basis, without allocation of
the investment portfolio between the Financial Services Businesses and the
Closed Block; however, the characteristics of the major types of invested
assets allocated to the Closed Block will be substantially similar to our
general account.
Management of Investments
We design asset mix strategies for our general account to match the
characteristics of our products and other obligations and seek to closely
approximate the interest rate sensitivity of the assets with the estimated
interest rate sensitivity of the product liabilities. We achieve income
objectives through asset/liability management and strategic and tactical asset
allocations within a disciplined risk management framework. Our asset
allocation also reflects our desire for broad diversification across asset
classes, sectors and issuers.
The Investment Committee of our Board of Directors oversees our general
account. The Investment Committee annually approves the investment policy for
the general account that includes investment guidelines, a target asset mix,
risk tolerances and performance benchmarks. It also reviews performance and
risk positions quarterly. Our Senior Vice President, Asset Liability and Risk
Management, oversees the investment management process for our general
account. Under his direction, the Asset Liability and Risk Management Group
develops investment policies and asset allocation ranges.
The Asset Liability and Risk Management Group works closely with the
business units to ensure that the specific characteristics of our products are
incorporated into its processes. The Asset Liability and Risk Management Group
has the authority to initiate tactical shifts, within exposure ranges approved
annually by the Investment Committee. The Investment Management and Advisory
Services segment manages virtually all of our investments, other than those of
our International Insurance operations, under the Asset Liability and Risk
Management Group's direction. Our International Insurance operations manage
their investments locally.
Asset/Liability Management
The Asset Liability and Risk Management Group uses a disciplined, risk-
controlled approach to asset/liability management. The methodology focuses on
aligning assets to the effective sensitivity of the cash flow and return
requirements of our liabilities. The Asset Liability and Risk Management Group
consults with the product experts in the business units on an ongoing basis to
arrive at asset/liability matching policies and decisions. We adjust this
dynamic process as products change, as we develop new products and as changes
in the market environment occur.
We develop asset strategies for specific classes of product liabilities and
attributed or accumulated surplus, each with distinct risk characteristics. We
categorize products in the following four classes:
. interest-crediting products, for which the rates credited to customers
are periodically adjusted to reflect market and competitive forces and
actual investment experience, such as fixed annuities;
. participating individual and group life products, in which customers
participate in actual investment and business results through annual
dividends or interest, such as traditional whole life insurance;
. guaranteed products, for which there are price or rate guarantees for the
life of the contract, such as GICs; and
. other products, such as automobile and homeowners insurance.
We determine a target asset mix for each product class that we reflect in
our investment policies. Our asset/liability management process has permitted
us to manage interest-sensitive products successfully through several market
cycles.
217
Summary of Investments
The following table sets forth the composition of our general account as of
the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
As of ---------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
-------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ----------
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities:
Public available for
sale, at fair value... $ 61,832 47.9% $ 62,454 47.6% $ 58,555 46.0%
Public held to
maturity, at amortized
cost.................. 336 0.3 757 0.6 25 --
Private available for
sale, at fair value... 32,874 25.5 21,294 16.2 20,411 16.1
Private held to
maturity, at amortized
cost.................. 60 0.0 11,686 8.9 14,208 11.2
Trading account assets,
at fair value.......... 8 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0
Equity securities, at
fair value............. 1,911 1.5 2,315 1.8 3,262 2.6
Mortgage loans on real
estate, at book value.. 15,046 11.6 15,418 11.8 15,850 12.5
Other long-term
investments(1)......... 4,335 3.4 4,259 3.2 4,457 3.5
Policy loans, at
outstanding balance.... 8,337 6.5 8,046 6.1 7,590 6.0
Short-term investments,
at amortized cost...... 4,304 3.3 4,963 3.8 2,770 2.1
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Total investments...... $129,043 100.0% $131,195 100.0% $127,132 100.0%
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
--------
(1) Other long-term investments consist of real estate related interests,
largely through joint ventures and partnerships, oil and gas investments
and venture capital and private equity funds and investment real estate
held through direct ownership.
The overall income yield on our general account invested assets after
investment expenses, but excluding realized investment gains (losses), was
6.52% for the nine months ended September 30, 2001, 6.85% for the year ended
December 31, 2000 and 6.97% for the year ended December 31, 1999. Although the
yield before investment expenses was relatively unchanged in 2000 from 1999,
investment expenses as a proportion of gross yield increased, primarily due to
interest charges related to our securities lending program, which we expanded
in 2000. The following table sets forth the income yield and investment
income, excluding realized investment gains/losses, for each major asset
category of our general account for the periods indicated.
As of As of December 31,
September 30, -----------------------------
2001 2000 1999
-------------- -------------- --------------
Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount
----- ------- ----- ------- ----- -------
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities.................... 7.43% $ 5,112 7.54% $ 6,958 7.39% $ 6,811
Equity securities................... 1.96 32 2.42 67 2.61 63
Mortgage loans on real estate....... 8.21 922 8.23 1,255 8.68 1,327
Policy loans........................ 6.42 386 6.34 478 6.11 448
Short-term investments and cash
equivalents........................ 4.49 357 7.58 683 6.13 484
Other investments................... 7.47 231 9.54 420 14.59 514
---- ------- ---- ------- ----- -------
Total before investment expenses... 7.13% $ 7,040 7.54% $ 9,861 7.52% $ 9,647
Total after investment expenses.... 6.52% $ 6,455 6.85% $ 8,990 6.97% $ 8,974
Portfolio composition is a critical element of the investment management
process. The composition of our general account reflects, within the
discipline provided by our risk management approach, our need for competitive
results and the diverse selection of investment alternatives available through
our Asset Management segment. The size of our portfolio enables us to invest
in asset classes that may be unavailable to the typical investor.
Fixed Maturity Securities
We held approximately 74% of general account assets in fixed maturity
securities at September 30, 2001, relatively unchanged from 73% at December
31, 2000 and 1999. These securities include both publicly traded and privately
placed debt securities.
Subject to our adjusted operating income objectives, we manage our public
portfolio to a risk profile directed by the Asset Liability and Risk
Management Group. We seek to employ relative value analysis both in credit
selection and in purchasing and selling securities. To the extent that we
actively purchase and sell securities as part of portfolio selection and
portfolio rebalancing, the total return that we earn on the portfolio will be
218
reflected both as investment income and also as realized gain and loss on
investments. We expect that using this strategy in a declining interest rate
environment will result in lower investment income partially offset by
realized investment gains and that using this strategy when rates are rising
will result in increased investment income partially offset by realized
investment losses.
We use our private placement and asset-backed portfolios to enhance the
diversification and yield of our overall fixed maturity portfolio. We maintain
a private fixed income portfolio that is larger than the industry average as a
percentage of total fixed income holdings, according to A.M. Best. Our
investment staff directly originates approximately half of all of our private
placements. Our origination capability offers the opportunity to lead
transactions and gives us the opportunity for better terms, including
covenants and call protection, and to take advantage of innovative deal
structures.
Our credit and portfolio management processes help ensure prudent controls
over valuation and management of the private portfolio. We have separate
pricing and authorization processes to establish "checks and balances" for new
investments. We apply consistent standards of credit analysis and due
diligence for all transactions, whether they originate through our own in-
house origination staff or through agents. Our regional offices closely
monitor the portfolios in their regions. We set all valuation standards
centrally, and we assess the fair value of all investments quarterly.
The following table sets forth the composition of our fixed maturity
portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
As of September 30, 2001 2000 1999
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Estimated Estimated Estimated
Amortized % of Fair Amortized % of Fair Amortized % of Fair
Cost Total Cost Value Cost Total Cost Value Cost Total Cost Value
--------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
($ in millions)
U.S. Government........ $ 9,713 10.6% $10,246 $10,109 10.6% $10,639 $ 8,089 8.5% $ 7,809
Manufacturing.......... 18,680 20.4 19,265 18,864 19.7 18,689 21,469 22.5 20,686
Utilities.............. 14,419 15.7 15,065 15,688 16.4 15,771 12,874 13.5 12,717
Finance................ 10,128 11.1 10,605 11,792 12.3 11,931 12,663 13.3 12,454
Services............... 11,550 12.6 11,834 11,264 11.8 11,204 10,767 11.3 10,376
Mortgage-backed........ 5,439 5.9 5,673 6,495 6.8 6,669 6,546 6.8 6,507
Foreign government..... 4,658 5.1 4,964 4,650 4.9 4,853 4,804 5.0 4,864
Retail and wholesale... 4,316 4.7 4,449 4,022 4.2 4,005 4,572 4.8 4,421
Asset-backed
securities............ 7,141 7.8 7,307 6,063 6.4 6,068 5,784 6.1 5,687
Transportation......... 2,742 3.0 2,713 3,233 3.4 3,199 3,718 3.9 3,600
Energy................. 875 1.0 908 937 1.0 947 1,104 1.2 1,065
Other.................. 1,934 2.1 2,097 2,361 2.5 2,382 2,927 3.1 2,890
------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- -------
Total................. $91,595 100.0% $95,126 $95,478 100.0% $96,357 $95,317 100.0% $93,076
======= ===== ======= ======= ===== ======= ======= ===== =======
The amortized cost of our below-investment grade fixed maturities as of
September 30, 2001 totaled $10.1 billion, or 11.1%, of total fixed maturities
on that date, compared to $10.2 billion, or 10.7%, as of December 31, 2000.
At September 30, 2001, securities backed by residential mortgage loans made
up less than 6% of our fixed maturity investments. Nearly 93% of the mortgage-
backed securities in the general account were publicly traded agency pass-
through securities. Collateralized mortgage obligations represented only 5% of
our total mortgage-backed securities, and less than 0.3% of fixed maturities.
The primary risk of these mortgage-backed securities is the rate at which the
loans are prepaid. The loans can generally be prepaid at any time without
penalty. As a general rule, when the interest rates on the loans underlying
the securities are significantly higher than prevailing interest rates on
similar loans, borrowers are more likely to prepay their loans, and we would
likely reinvest the prepayment proceeds in lower interest rate obligations,
with a resulting net reduction of our future investment income.
The NAIC evaluates the investments of insurers for regulatory reporting
purposes and assigns fixed maturity securities to one of six categories called
"NAIC Designations". NAIC designations of "1" or "2" include fixed maturities
considered investment grade, which include securities rated Baa3 or higher by
Moody's or BBB- or higher by S&P. NAIC Designations of "3" through "6" are
referred to as below investment grade, which include
219
securities rated Ba1 or lower by Moody's and BB+ or lower by S&P. The
following tables set forth our public and private fixed maturity portfolios by
NAIC rating as of the dates indicated.
Public Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
As of December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
As of September 30, 2001 2000 1999
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Estimated Estimated Estimated
NAIC Rating Agency Amortized % of Fair Amortized % of Fair Amortized % of Fair
Rating Equivalent Cost Total Cost Value Cost Total Cost Value Cost Total Cost Value
------ ------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
($ in millions)
1 Aaa, Aa, A........ $40,492 67.5% $42,346 $42,311 67.6% $43,208 $38,255 63.5% $37,336
2 Baa............... 14,606 24.3 15,033 15,346 24.5 15,273 16,344 27.1 15,730
3 Ba................ 2,701 4.5 2,683 2,427 3.9 2,401 2,795 4.7 2,712
4 B................. 1,822 3.0 1,700 2,125 3.4 2,004 2,628 4.4 2,597
5 C and lower....... 298 0.5 292 369 0.6 331 176 0.3 182
6 In or near
default........... 131 0.2 133 12 0.0 11 24 0.0 25
------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- -------
Total............. $60,050 100.0% $62,187 $62,590 100.0% $63,228 $60,222 100.0% $58,582
======= ===== ======= ======= ===== ======= ======= ===== =======
Private Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
As of December 31,
As of -----------------------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
-------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
% of Estimated % of Estimated % of Estimated
NAIC Amortized Total Fair Amortized Total Fair Amortized Total Fair
Rating Rating Agency Equivalent Cost Cost Value Cost Cost Value Cost Cost Value
------ ------------------------ --------- ----- --------- --------- ----- --------- --------- ----- ---------
($ in millions)
1 Aaa, Aa, A.............. $10,351 32.8% $10,950 $11,379 34.6% $11,631 $11,846 33.8% $11,807
2 Baa..................... 16,013 50.8 16,761 16,122 49.0 16,253 18,026 51.2 17,625
3 Ba...................... 3,119 9.9 3,176 2,897 8.8 2,843 3,435 9.8 3,341
4 B....................... 1,476 4.7 1,412 1,893 5.8 1,792 1,321 3.8 1,290
5 C and lower............. 479 1.5 521 405 1.2 382 379 1.1 350
6 In or near default...... 107 0.3 119 192 0.6 228 88 0.3 81
------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- -------
Total................... $31,545 100.0% $32,939 $32,888 100.0% $33,129 $35,095 100.0% $34,494
======= ===== ======= ======= ===== ======= ======= ===== =======
We maintain separate monitoring processes for public and private fixed
maturities and create watch lists to highlight securities which require
special scrutiny and management. Our public fixed maturity asset managers
formally review all public fixed maturity holdings on a monthly basis and more
frequently when necessary to identify potential credit deterioration whether
due to ratings downgrades, unexpected price variances, and/or industry
specific concerns. We classify public fixed maturity securities of issuers
that have defaulted as loans not in good standing and all other public watch
list assets as closely monitored.
Our private fixed maturity asset managers conduct specific servicing tests
on each investment on an ongoing basis to determine whether the investment is
in compliance or should be placed on the watch list or assigned an early
warning classification. We assign early warning classifications to those
issuers that have failed a servicing test or experienced a minor covenant
default, and we continue to monitor them for improvement or deterioration. In
certain situations, the general account benefits from negotiated rate
increases or fees resulting from a covenant breach. We assign closely
monitored status to those investments that have been recently restructured or
for which restructuring is a possibility due to substantial credit
deterioration or material covenant defaults. We classify as not in good
standing securities of issuers that are in more severe conditions, for example
bankruptcy or payment default.
When a decline in value of a security is deemed to be other than temporary,
we record an impairment loss in our Consolidated Statement of Operations
within "realized investment gains, net".
Factors we consider in evaluating whether a decline in value is other than
temporary are: (1) whether this decline is substantial; (2) our ability and
intent to retain our investment for a period of time sufficient to allow
220
for an anticipated recovery in value; (3) the duration and extent to which the
market value has been less than cost; and (4) the financial condition and
near-term prospects of the issuer.
The following table sets forth the amount of our public and private fixed
maturity portfolio watch list as of the dates indicated.
Fixed Maturities--Watch List
As of December 31,
As of -------------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Book Value % of Total Book Value % of Total Book Value % of Total
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
($ in millions)
Closely monitored....... $1,276 1.4% $1,147 1.2% $1,034 1.1%
Not in good standing.... 479 0.5 209 0.2 125 0.1
------ --- ------ --- ------ ---
Total.................. $1,755 1.9% $1,356 1.4% $1,159 1.2%
====== === ====== === ====== ===
Mortgage Loans
As of September 30, 2001, we held approximately 12% of our general account
portfolio in mortgage loans, essentially unchanged from December 31, 2000 and
1999. The portfolio as of September 30, 2001 consisted of approximately 1,100
commercial mortgage loans with a carrying value of $13.1 billion and $2.1
billion of residential and agricultural loans. These values are gross of a
$178 million mortgage loan loss reserve.
We originate commercial mortgages through two sources, both managed out of
three regional offices in Atlanta, Chicago and San Francisco. The direct
channel, staffed by Prudential investment personnel, originates loans with
principal amounts of $20 million and higher. The Pru Express channel uses a
network of independent companies to originate loans in the $2 million to $20
million range. All loans are underwritten consistently to Prudential standards
using our proprietary rating system that was developed using our experience in
real estate and mortgage lending.
Our mortgage portfolio strategy emphasizes diversification by property type
and geographic location. The following tables set forth the breakdown of the
commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region, property type and
maturity as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
As of ------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
-------------------- -------------- --------------
Carrying % of Carrying % of Carrying % of
Value Total Value Total Value Total
---------- -------- -------- ----- -------- -----
($ in millions)
Region:
Pacific................. $ 3,883 29.5% $ 3,863 28.5% $ 3,832 27.6%
South Atlantic.......... 2,625 20.0 2,488 18.3 2,709 19.6
Middle Atlantic......... 2,397 18.3 2,490 18.4 2,542 18.4
East North Central...... 1,282 9.8 1,440 10.6 1,556 11.2
Mountain................ 779 5.9 846 6.2 772 5.6
West South Central...... 820 6.3 828 6.1 893 6.4
West North Central...... 503 3.8 579 4.3 598 4.3
New England............. 520 4.0 662 4.9 537 3.9
East South Central...... 270 2.1 316 2.3 332 2.4
Other................... 38 0.3 55 0.4 81 0.6
---------- -------- ------- ----- ------- -----
Total.................. $ 13,117 100.0% $13,567 100.0% $13,852 100.0%
========== ======== ======= ===== ======= =====
221
Commercial mortgage loans on properties in the California and New York areas
accounted for $3.0 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of the foregoing as
of September 30, 2001. See Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial
statements for information on the property types collectively collateralizing
our mortgage loan portfolios, including commercial, residential and
agricultural mortgage loans.
As of December 31,
As of --------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
Carrying % of Carrying % of Carrying % of
Value Total Value Total Value Total
----------- -------- --------- ----- --------- -----
($ in millions)
Property Type:
Apartment complexes... $ 4,198 32.1% $ 4,455 32.8% $ 4,508 32.5%
Office buildings...... 3,613 27.5 3,719 27.4 3,948 28.5
Retail stores......... 2,201 16.8 2,465 18.2 2,627 19.0
Industrial buildings.. 2,524 19.2 2,331 17.2 2,157 15.6
Other................. 581 4.4 597 4.4 612 4.4
---------- -------- ------- ----- ------- -----
Total................ $ 13,117 100.0% $13,567 100.0% $13,852 100.0%
========== ======== ======= ===== ======= =====
The following table sets forth the distribution of maturities of our
commercial mortgage loan portfolio.
Commercial Mortgage Loan Maturities
As of December 31,
As of --------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
Principal Principal Principal
Balance % of Balance % of Balance % of
Maturing Total Maturing Total Maturing Total
----------- -------- --------- ----- --------- -----
($ in millions)
Due in one year or
less................... $ 68 0.5% $ 405 3.0% $ 742 5.4%
Due in two to three
years.................. 652 5.0 827 6.1 631 4.6
Due in three to four
years.................. 693 5.3 712 5.2 804 5.8
Due in four to five
years.................. 1,405 10.7 1,422 10.5 735 5.3
Due in five to six
years.................. 1,254 9.6 1,273 9.4 1,374 9.9
Due in six to seven
years.................. 960 7.3 939 6.9 1,197 8.6
Due in seven to eight
years.................. 1,055 8.0 1,070 7.9 908 6.6
Due in eight to nine
years.................. 1,417 10.8 1,335 9.8 1,034 7.5
Due in nine to ten
years.................. 1,535 11.7 1,500 11.1 1,339 9.7
Due in more than ten
years.................. 4,078 31.1 4,084 30.1 5,088 36.6
---------- -------- ------- ----- ------- -----
Total.................. $ 13,117 100.0% $13,567 100.0% $13,852 100.0%
========== ======== ======= ===== ======= =====
We evaluate our loans on a quarterly basis for watch list status based on
compliance with various financial ratios and other covenants set forth in the
loan agreements, borrower credit quality, property condition and other
factors. We may place loans on early warning status in cases where we detect
that the physical condition of the property, the financial situation of the
borrower or tenant, or other factors could lead to a loss of principal or
interest. We classify as closely monitored those loans that have experienced
material covenant defaults or substantial credit or collateral deterioration.
Not in good standing loans are those for which there is a high probability of
loss of principal, such as when the borrower is in bankruptcy or the loan is
in foreclosure. An experienced staff of workout professionals actively manages
the loans in the closely monitored and not in good standing categories.
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The following table shows the percentages of our commercial loan portfolio
that are delinquent but not in foreclosure, delinquent and in foreclosure,
restructured and foreclosed as well as the industry averages.
Commercial Mortgage Loan Comparisons
As of December 31,
As of -------------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 2000 1999
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
ACLI ACLI ACLI
Prudential Average(1) Prudential Average(1) Prudential Average(1)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Delinquent, not in
foreclosure............ 0.04% 0.08% 0.13% 0.28% 0.61% 0.16%
Delinquent, in
foreclosure............ 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.09
Restructured............ 1.38 1.14 1.45 1.50 2.09 2.04
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Subtotal............... 1.42 1.33 1.58 1.93 2.70 2.29
Loans foreclosed during
period................. 0.25 0.18 0.38 0.22 0.06 0.30
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Total.................. 1.67% 1.51% 1.96% 2.15% 2.76% 2.59%
==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ====
--------
(1) Represents the average for the U.S. life insurance industry according to
The American Council of Life Insurers.
The low level of delinquencies and loans in process of foreclosure is
primarily attributable to the strong commercial real estate market in the
United States during 1999 and 2000.
Equity Securities
We held approximately 2% of general account assets in equity securities as
of September 30, 2001, essentially unchanged from December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999. These securities consist of investments in common stock,
including shares of real estate investment trusts. Approximately 88% of our
equity securities are publicly traded on national securities exchanges. For
the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and the years ended December 31, 2000
and 1999, net realized investment gains (losses) from sales and impairments of
equity securities were $(40) million, $450 million and $223 million,
respectively.
Other Long-Term Investments
Through the mid-1990s, we were a major investor in equity real estate, both
wholly owned and through joint ventures. Beginning in 1997, we implemented a
real estate sales program, which significantly reduced our exposure to real
estate, and have deemphasized direct real estate investments. We now look to
other forms of exposure to real estate markets, such as shares of real estate
investment trusts. From January 1, 1997 to September 30, 2001, we reduced the
book value of our real estate and real estate related holdings from
approximately $3.4 billion to $0.5 billion, with aggregate sales proceeds of
approximately $2.5 billion in 1997, $2.7 billion in 1998, $1.4 billion in
1999, $0.5 billion in 2000 and $0.1 billion during the nine months ended
September 30, 2001. We used the proceeds from these real estate sales to
invest in public and private fixed maturities and shares in real estate
investment trusts.
As of September 30, 2001, the book value of our foreclosed real estate was
$100 million. Our policy is generally to sell any foreclosed real estate,
seeking to maximize the residual value of our interest.
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Ratings
Claims-paying and credit ratings are important factors affecting public
confidence in an insurer and its competitive position in marketing products.
Rating organizations continually review the financial performance and
condition of insurers, including The Prudential Insurance Company of America
and its insurance company subsidiaries. Our credit ratings are also important
to our ability to raise capital through the issuance of debt and to the cost
of such financing.
The following table summarizes the current ratings from A.M. Best, S&P,
Moody's and Fitch (formerly Duff & Phelps) for our rated U.S. insurance
companies, The Prudential Insurance Company of America's outstanding rated
debt securities, the indebtedness issued through Prudential Financial, Inc.
and Prudential Funding, LLC and the long-term counterparty rating of
Prudential Securities Group. You can read an explanation of these ratings in
the Glossary under the definitions "claims-paying ratings" and "credit
ratings".
A.M. Best S&P Moody's Fitch
--------- --- ------- -----
Insurance Claims-Paying Ratings:
The Prudential Insurance Company of America........ A A+ A1 AA-
PRUCO Life Insurance Company....................... A A+ A1 NR*
PRUCO Life Insurance Company of New Jersey......... A A+ A1 NR
Prudential Property & Casualty Insurance Company... A- A A1 NR
The Prudential Property & Casualty Insurance
Company of New Jersey............................. A- NR A1 NR
The Prudential Life Insurance Co. Ltd. (Prudential
of Japan)......................................... NR AA- NR NR
Gibraltar Life Insurance Company, Ltd. ............ NR A A2 NR
Credit Ratings:
Prudential Financial, Inc.:
Commercial Paper.................................. NR A2 P2 F1
Long-Term Senior Debt............................. NR A- A3 A
The Prudential Insurance Company of America:
Capital and surplus notes, due 2001-2005.......... NR A- A3 NR
Prudential Funding, LLC:
Commercial Paper.................................. NR A1 P1 NR
Long-Term Senior Debt............................. NR A+ A2 NR
Prudential Securities Group Inc. .................. NR BBB NR NR
--------
* "NR" indicates not rated.
Insurance Claims-Paying Ratings
Since the mid 1990s the rating agencies have each downgraded our ratings at
different times, in different degrees and sometimes for different reasons.
Downgrades that occurred in 1997 and 1998 were based primarily on
disappointment in The Prudential Insurance Company of America's financial
performance and concerns regarding the life insurance sales practices
litigation. In particular, the rating agencies were concerned with financial
results that were below expectations and/or those of competitors in the
Individual Life Insurance segment and healthcare. These downgrades resulted in
the ratings of A+ from S&P, A1 from Moody's and AA- from Fitch. In 1998, the
rating agencies also noted that the process of reorganizing our Individual
Life Insurance segment and our efforts to reposition ourselves with respect to
distribution and markets to address sales force productivity, sales
distribution inefficiencies, alternative distribution channels and increased
competition in the financial services arena, also posed threats to our
financial strength and claims-paying ability. The rating agencies' concerns
regarding the reorganization of Individual Life Insurance and our efforts to
reposition ourselves will not be resolved before we complete this process.
The rating agencies based earlier downgrades between 1991 and 1997 on our
exposures to catastrophe risk, heightened by geographic concentration, as was
highlighted by our Hurricane Andrew losses, exposure to real estate and high
yield securities in our investment portfolio and limited partnership sales
practices litigation at Prudential Securities.
The ratings set forth above with respect to The Prudential Insurance Company
of America and its insurance and financing subsidiaries reflect current and
past opinions of each rating organization with respect to claims-paying
ability, financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet
obligations to policyholders or debt
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holders, as the case may be. These ratings are of concern to policyholders,
agents and intermediaries. They are not directed toward stockholders and do
not in any way reflect evaluations of the safety and security of the Common
Stock. You should not rely upon the ratings in making a decision whether or
not to purchase shares of Common Stock.
On November 8, 2001, S&P downgraded Prudential Property & Casualty Insurance
Company's claims-paying rating, citing the potential for it to not meet our
operating performance objectives.
Following this downgrade, we believe that our claims-paying ability and
financial strength ratings are stable. Although our ratings have not been
affected by the terrorist attacks on the United States and remain stable, over
time the rating agencies could reexamine the ratings affecting the insurance
industry generally, including our companies.
Competition
In each of our businesses we face intense competition from domestic and
foreign insurance companies, asset managers, investment banks and diversified
financial institutions. Many of our competitors are large, well-capitalized
and some have higher claims-paying or credit ratings than we do. We compete in
our businesses generally on the basis of price, quality of service, scope of
distribution, quality of products and brand recognition. The relative
importance of these factors depends on the particular product in question.
In recent years, there has been substantial consolidation and convergence
among companies in the financial services industry, particularly as the laws
separating banking and insurance have been relaxed, resulting in increased
competition from large, well-capitalized financial services firms. In
particular, a number of large commercial banks, insurance companies and other
broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired other
financial services businesses such as a broker-dealer or an insurance company.
Many of these firms also have been able to increase their distribution systems
through mergers or contractual arrangements. We expect consolidation to
continue and perhaps accelerate. We expect that the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act,
which was adopted on November 11, 1999, will contribute to consolidation by
liberalizing restrictions on affiliation of banks with insurance companies and
other financial institutions and on activities of bank affiliates with respect
to mutual funds, private equity investments and other activities. While we are
among the largest competitors in terms of market share in many of our business
lines, in some cases there are one or more dominant market players in a
particular line of business. The trend toward consolidation in the financial
services industry may result in competitors with increased market shares, or
the introduction of larger or financially stronger competitors through
acquisitions or otherwise, in those or other lines of business in which we
compete.
Our investment-linked insurance products and our Investment Management and
Advisory Services and Retail Investments segments also compete on the basis of
investment performance. A material decline in the investment performance of
our variable life, mutual fund, variable annuity or defined contribution
products could have an adverse effect on our sales. Rankings and ratings of
investment performance have a significant effect on our ability to increase
our assets under management.
Competition for personnel in all of our businesses is intense, including for
Prudential Agents, Financial Advisors and other captive sales personnel, and
our investment managers. In the ordinary course of business, we lose from time
to time personnel in whom we have invested significant training, and in the
recent past we have in particular lost some of our most experienced Financial
Advisors. We are focusing substantial efforts on refocusing our Prudential
Agents, on increasing productivity requirements for Prudential Agents and on
reducing turnover among Financial Advisors. The loss of key investment
managers could have a material adverse effect on our Investment Management and
Advisory Services segment. Our decision to exit the lead-managed equity
underwriting for corporate issuers and institutional fixed income businesses
of Prudential Securities, and to pursue our strategy of providing research of
interest to our investor clients is new, and its effect on our ability to
attract and retain Financial Advisors and research analysts is uncertain.
Many of our businesses are in industries where access to multiple sales
channels may be a competitive advantage. We believe that insurance and
investment products will continue to be sold primarily through face-to-face
sales channels, although customers' desire for objective and not product-
related advice will, over time, increase the amount of insurance and
investment products sold through non-affiliated distributors such as
independent agents, insurance brokers and investment advisors. In addition, we
expect that insurance and investment products will increasingly be sold
through direct marketing, including through electronic commerce. The
proliferation and growth of multiple sales channels puts pressure on our face-
to-face sales channels to either increase their productivity or reduce their
costs. We continue our efforts to strengthen and broaden our sales
225
channels, but we cannot assure they will be successful. We run the risk that
the marketplace will make a more significant or rapid shift to non-affiliated
and direct distribution alternatives than we anticipate or are able to achieve
ourselves. If this happens, our market share and results of operations could
be adversely affected.
Our current claims-paying ratings have substantially reduced our ability to
sell traditional guaranteed products, and further reduction in our claims-
paying ratings could adversely affect our ability to sell our insurance
products and reduce our profitability.
Internationally, our international life insurance business competes by
focusing on a limited market using our Life Planner model to offer high
quality service and needs-based protection products. Certain competitors,
including Sony Life in Japan, employ or seek to employ versions of the Life
Planner model.
Regulation
Overview
Our businesses are subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision
primarily as follows:
Insurance Operations. State insurance laws regulate all aspects of our
insurance businesses and state insurance departments in the fifty states, the
District of Columbia and various U.S. territories and possessions supervise
our insurance operations. The Prudential Insurance Company of America is
organized in New Jersey and its principal insurance regulatory authority is
the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. Our other insurance
companies are principally regulated by the insurance departments of the states
in which they are organized. Our international insurance operations are
principally regulated by foreign insurance regulatory authorities in the
jurisdiction in which they operate, including the Japanese Ministry of Finance
and Financial Supervisory Agency. Our insurance products are substantially
affected by federal, state and foreign tax laws. Products that also constitute
"securities", such as variable life insurance and variable annuities, are also
subject to federal and state securities laws and regulations. The SEC, the
NASD, state securities commissions and foreign authorities regulate and
supervise these products.
Asset Management Operations. Our investment products and services, including
mutual funds, are subject to federal, state and foreign securities, fiduciary,
including ERISA, and other laws and regulations. The SEC, the NASD, state
securities commissions, the Department of Labor and similar foreign
authorities are the principal regulators that regulate and supervise our Asset
Management Operations. Federal, state and foreign tax laws also substantially
affect our investment products and services.
Securities Operations. Our securities operations, principally conducted by
Prudential Securities Incorporated and a number of other SEC-registered
broker-dealers, are subject to federal, state and foreign securities,
commodities and related laws. The SEC, the CFTC, state securities authorities,
the NYSE, the NASD and similar foreign authorities are the principal
regulators of our securities operations.
The purpose of these regulations is primarily to protect our customers and
not our shareholders. Many of the laws and regulations to which we are subject
are regularly re-examined, and existing or future laws and regulations may
become more restrictive or otherwise adversely affect our operations. The
summary below is of U.S. regulation. Our international operations are subject
to similar types of regulation in the jurisdictions in which they operate.
Regulation Affecting Prudential Financial, Inc.
Prudential Financial, Inc. will act as a holding company for all of our
operations. Prudential Financial, Inc. itself will not be licensed as an
insurer, investment advisor, broker-dealer, bank or other regulated entity.
However, because it will own regulated entities, Prudential Financial, Inc.
will be subject to regulation as an insurance holding company and a savings
and loan holding company.
Insurance Holding Company Regulation
Prudential Financial, Inc. will be subject to the insurance holding company
laws in the states where our insurance subsidiaries are, or are treated as,
organized, which currently include New Jersey, Arizona, Delaware, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas and others. These laws
generally require the insurance holding company and each insurance company
directly or indirectly owned by the holding company to
226
register with the insurance department in the insurance company's state of
domicile and to furnish annually financial and other information about the
operations of companies within the holding company system. Generally, all
transactions affecting the insurers in the holding company system must be fair
and, if material, require prior notice and approval or non-disapproval by the
state's insurance department.
Acquisition of Control
Under the New Jersey statute governing the demutualization and the plan of
reorganization, for the three years after the effective date of the
demutualization, no person, other than Prudential Financial, Inc., its
subsidiaries or any employee benefit plans or trusts sponsored by us, may
offer to acquire 5% or more of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s common stock or
total voting power without the prior approval of the New Jersey insurance
regulator. Under this statute, the New Jersey insurance regulator may not
approve the acquisition unless he or she determines, among other things, that:
. the acquisition would not frustrate the plan of reorganization;
. either Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors has approved the
acquisition or extraordinary circumstances that the plan of
reorganization did not contemplate have arisen that justify their
approval of the acquisition; and
. the acquisition would be in the interests of our policyholders.
The New Jersey statute governing the demutualization provides that any
security that is subject to an agreement regarding acquisition or that is
acquired or to be acquired in violation of the statute or in violation of an
order of the New Jersey insurance regulator may not be voted at any
shareholders' meeting, and any action of shareholders requiring the
affirmative vote of a percentage of shares may be taken as though these
securities were not issued and outstanding. If these securities are voted,
however, any action taken at a shareholders' meeting will be valid unless it
materially affects control of Prudential Financial, Inc. or unless a New
Jersey court has otherwise ordered.
Most states, including the states in which our insurance companies are
domiciled, have insurance laws that require regulatory approval of a change of
control of an insurer or an insurer's holding company. Laws such as these that
apply to us prevent any person from acquiring control of Prudential Financial,
Inc. or of our insurance subsidiaries unless that person has filed a statement
with specified information with the insurance regulators and has obtained
their prior approval. Under most states' statutes, acquiring 10% or more of
the voting stock of an insurance company or its parent company is
presumptively considered a change of control, although such presumption may be
rebutted. Accordingly, any person who acquires 10% or more of the voting
securities of Prudential Financial, Inc. without the prior approval of the
insurance regulators of the states in which our insurance companies are
domiciled will be in violation of these states' laws and may be subject to
injunctive action requiring the disposition or seizure of those securities by
the relevant insurance regulator or prohibiting the voting of those securities
and to other actions determined by the relevant insurance regulator.
In addition, many state insurance laws require prior notification of state
insurance departments of a change in control of a non-domiciliary insurance
company doing business in that state. While these prenotification statutes do
not authorize the state insurance departments to disapprove the change in
control, they authorize regulatory action in the affected state if particular
conditions exist such as undue market concentration. Any future transactions
that would constitute a change in control of Prudential Financial, Inc. may
require prior notification in those states that have adopted preacquisition
notification laws.
These laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay,
deter or prevent a change of control of Prudential Financial, Inc., including
through transactions, and in particular unsolicited transactions, that some or
all of the stockholders of Prudential Financial, Inc. might consider to be
desirable.
Bank and Savings and Loan Holding Company Regulation
Although The Prudential Bank and Trust Company is a "bank" as defined in the
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, The Prudential Insurance Company of America
currently is, and Prudential Financial, Inc. will be, exempted from regulation
as a bank holding company under federal law as long as we continue to comply
with certain restrictions. As a result of its ownership of The Prudential
Savings Bank, F.S.B., The Prudential Insurance Company of America is, and
Prudential Financial, Inc. will be, a savings and loan holding company.
Federal and
227
state banking laws generally provide that no person may acquire control of
Prudential Financial, Inc., and gain indirect control of The Prudential Bank
and Trust Company, The Prudential Savings Bank, F.S.B. or Prudential Trust
Company, without prior regulatory approval. Beneficial ownership of 10% or
more of the voting securities of Prudential Financial, Inc., among other
things, generally would be presumed to constitute control of Prudential
Financial, Inc.
Insurance Operations
State Insurance Regulation
State insurance authorities have broad administrative powers with respect to
all aspects of the insurance business including:
. licensing to transact business,
. licensing agents,
. admittance of assets to statutory surplus,
. regulating premium rates,
. approving policy forms,
. regulating unfair trade and claims practices,
. establishing reserve requirements and solvency standards,
. fixing maximum interest rates on life insurance policy loans and minimum
accumulation or surrender values, and
. regulating the type, amounts and valuations of investments permitted and
other matters.
State insurance laws and regulations require our insurance companies to file
financial statements with insurance departments everywhere they do business,
and the operations of our insurance companies and accounts are subject to
examination by those departments at any time. Our insurance companies prepare
statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting practices and
procedures prescribed or permitted by these departments.
State insurance departments conduct periodic examinations of the books and
records, financial reporting, policy filings and market conduct of insurance
companies domiciled in their states, generally once every three to five years.
Examinations are generally carried out in cooperation with the insurance
departments of other states under guidelines promulgated by the NAIC. The New
Jersey insurance regulator completed a financial examination of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America and its indirect insurance subsidiary, PRUCO Life
Insurance Company of New Jersey, for each of the previous five years for the
period ended December 31, 1996, and found no material deficiencies.
Financial Regulation
Dividend Payment Limitations. The New Jersey insurance law and the insurance
laws of the other states in which our insurance companies are domiciled
regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid by The Prudential Insurance
Company of America and our other insurance companies. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Liquidity and Capital Resources--Prudential Financial, Inc." for more detail.
Risk-Based Capital. In order to enhance the regulation of insurers'
solvency, the NAIC adopted a model law to implement risk-based capital
requirements for life, health and property and casualty insurance companies.
All states have adopted the NAIC's model law or a substantially similar law.
The RBC calculation, which regulators use to assess the sufficiency of an
insurer's capital, measures the risk characteristics of a company's assets,
liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items. RBC is calculated by applying
factors to various asset, premium and liability items. Within a given risk
category, these factors are higher for those items with greater underlying
risk and lower for items with lower underlying risk. Insurers that have less
statutory capital than the RBC calculation requires are considered to have
inadequate capital and are subject to varying degrees of regulatory action
depending upon the level of capital inadequacy. The RBC ratios for each of our
insurance companies currently are well above the ranges that would require any
regulatory or corrective action.
228
The NAIC approved a series of statutory accounting principles which have
been adopted, in some cases with modifications, by all state insurance
regulators effective as of January 1, 2001. Certain of the adopted principles
could have an impact on the measurement of statutory capital which, in turn,
could affect the RBC ratios of insurance companies. The NAIC is currently
reviewing the RBC formulas for possible changes as a result of the adoption of
these codified statutory accounting principles. We expect that if these
changes are adopted, they would increase our RBC ratio, but not to a
significant degree.
IRIS Tests. The NAIC has developed a set of financial relationships or tests
known as the Insurance Regulatory Information System to assist state
regulators in monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies and
identifying companies that require special attention or action by insurance
regulatory authorities. Insurance companies generally submit data annually to
the NAIC, which in turn analyzes the data using prescribed financial data
ratios each with defined "usual ranges". Generally, regulators will begin to
investigate or monitor an insurance company if its ratios fall outside the
usual ranges for four or more of the ratios. If an insurance company has
insufficient capital, regulators may act to reduce the amount of insurance it
can issue. None of our insurance companies is currently subject to regulatory
scrutiny based on these ratios.
Insurance Reserves. New Jersey insurance law and the laws of several other
states require us to analyze the adequacy of our reserves annually. Our
actuary must submit an opinion that our reserves, when considered in light of
the assets we hold with respect to those reserves, make adequate provision for
our contractual obligations and related expenses.
The NAIC has adopted a model regulation called "Valuation of Life Insurance
Policies Model Regulation" that would establish new minimum statutory reserve
requirements for individual life insurance policies written in the future.
These reserve standards have been enacted by most of the states. As a result,
insurers selling some individual life insurance products such as term life
insurance with guaranteed premium periods may need to adjust reserves and/or
shorten guarantee periods. While the model regulation has been enacted by the
states in which we have domestic companies, the enactment of the regulation
has not had a material impact on us. The NAIC is currently considering
revisions to this regulation, but we do not expect the revisions to have a
material impact on us.
Market Conduct Regulation
State insurance laws and regulations include numerous provisions governing
the marketplace activities of insurers, including provisions governing the
form and content of disclosure to consumers, illustrations, advertising, sales
practices and complaint handling. State regulatory authorities generally
enforce these provisions through periodic market conduct examinations.
Property and Casualty Regulation
Our property and casualty operations are subject to rate and other laws and
regulations covering a range of trade and claim settlement practices. State
insurance regulatory authorities have broad discretion in approving an
insurer's proposed rates. When a state restricts underwriting, pricing and
profits, as is the case for automobile insurance in New Jersey, an insurer's
ability to operate profitably on a consistent basis may be affected. In New
Jersey, if the profit earned on automobile insurance over a three-year period
exceeds the amount determined under insurance regulations, the insurer must
provide a refund or credit to policyholders.
State insurance laws and regulations require us to participate in mandatory
property-liability "shared market", "pooling" or similar arrangements that
provide insurance coverage to individuals or others who otherwise are unable
to purchase coverage voluntarily provided by private insurers. Shared market
mechanisms include assigned risk plans; fair access to insurance requirement
or "FAIR" plans; and reinsurance facilities, such as the New Jersey
Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund, the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund,
and the California Earthquake Authority. In addition, some states require
insurers to participate in reinsurance pools for claims that exceed specified
amounts. Our participation in these mandatory shared market or pooling
mechanisms generally is related to the amounts of our direct writings for the
type of coverage written by the specific arrangement in the applicable state.
We cannot predict the financial impact of our participation in these
arrangements.
Insurance Guaranty Association Assessments
Each state has insurance guaranty association laws under which life and
property and casualty insurers doing business in the state may be assessed by
state insurance guaranty associations for certain obligations of insolvent
229
insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. Typically, states assess
each member insurer in an amount related to the member insurer's proportionate
share of the business written by all member insurers in the state. For the
years ended December 31, 2000 and 1998, we paid approximately $8.5 million and
$44.8 million, respectively, in assessments pursuant to state insurance
guaranty association laws. For the year ended December 31, 1999, we received
approximately $0.5 million in refunds pursuant to these laws. While we cannot
predict the amount and timing of any future assessments on our insurance
companies under these laws, we have established reserves that we believe are
adequate for assessments relating to insurance companies that are currently
subject to insolvency proceedings.
Federal Regulation
Our variable life insurance products, as well as our variable annuity and
mutual fund products, generally are securities within the meaning of federal
and state securities laws, are registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and
are subject to regulation by the SEC, the NASD and state securities
commissions. Federal and state securities regulation similar to that discussed
below under "--Asset Management Operations" and "--Securities Operations"
affect investment advice and sales and related activities with respect to
these products. In addition, although the federal government does not
comprehensively regulate the business of insurance, federal legislation and
administrative policies in several areas, including taxation, financial
services regulation and pension and welfare benefits regulation, can
significantly affect the insurance industry. Congress also periodically
considers and is considering laws affecting privacy of information and genetic
testing that could significantly and adversely affect the insurance industry.
Tax Legislation
Current federal income tax laws generally permit certain holders to defer
taxation on the build-up of value of annuities and life insurance products
until payments are actually made to the policyholder or other beneficiary and
to exclude the build-up of value which is paid as a death benefit under a life
insurance contract. Congress has, from time to time, considered possible
legislation that would eliminate the benefit of this deferral on some
annuities and insurance products, as well as other types of changes that could
reduce or eliminate the attractiveness of annuities and life insurance
products to consumers. In June 2001, legislation was enacted that will
eliminate, over time, the estate, gift and generation-skipping taxes, and that
will lower individual tax rates. In addition, there have been proposals from
time to time that would increase the tax costs of insurance companies. See
"Risk Factors--Changes in federal income tax law could make some of our
products less attractive to consumers and increase our tax costs" for a
discussion of this proposed tax legislation.
ERISA
ERISA is a comprehensive federal statute that applies to employee benefit
plans sponsored by private employers and labor unions. Plans subject to ERISA
include pension and profit sharing plans and welfare plans (including health,
life and disability plans). Among ERISA's requirements are reporting and
disclosure rules, standards of conduct that apply to plan fiduciaries,
prohibitions on conflict-of-interest transactions and certain transactions
between a benefit plan and a party in interest ("prohibited transactions"),
and a scheme of civil and criminal penalties and enforcement. Prudential's
insurance, asset management, group administrative services and brokerage
businesses all provide services to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA,
including services where Prudential may act as an ERISA fiduciary. In addition
to ERISA regulation of those businesses in the sales of products to and
servicing of ERISA plans, Prudential and its affiliates will become parties in
interest to those plans and subject to ERISA's prohibited transaction rules
for transactions with those plans, which may affect the ability to enter
transactions, or the terms on which transactions may be entered, with those
plans, even in businesses unrelated to those giving rise to party in interest
status. Insurers may also be subject to the fiduciary requirements of ERISA
with respect to certain contracts issued from the insurer's general account
unless the insurer meets certain requirements. Prudential intends to satisfy
the regulation's requirements to be exempted from the fiduciary obligations of
ERISA for certain pre-1999 contracts. The cancellation options provided for
under the regulations, if exercised by the policyholders, would reduce policy
persistency. For a discussion of certain ERISA considerations that plans
considering the purchase of equity security units should be aware of, please
see "--Certain ERISA Considerations" on page 302.
230
Asset Management Operations
Some of our separate accounts, mutual funds and other pooled investments, in
addition to being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, are registered
as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the
shares of certain of these entities are qualified for sale in some states and
the District of Columbia. We also have several subsidiaries that are
registered as broker-dealers under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
("Exchange Act") and are subject to federal and state regulation, including
but not limited to the SEC's net capital rules. In addition, we have several
subsidiaries that are investment advisors registered under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940. Our Prudential Agents and other employees, insofar as
they sell products that are securities, as well as our Financial Advisors, are
subject to the Exchange Act and to examination requirements and regulation by
the SEC, the NASD and state securities commissioners. Regulation also extends
to various Prudential entities that employ or control those individuals.
For a discussion of potential federal tax legislation and other federal
regulation affecting our variable annuity products, see "--Insurance
Operations--Federal Regulation" above.
Securities Operations
Prudential Securities Incorporated and a number of our other subsidiaries
are registered as broker-dealers with the SEC and with some or all of the 50
states and the District of Columbia. Prudential Securities and a number of our
other subsidiaries are also registered as investment advisors with the SEC.
Prudential Securities and its broker-dealer affiliates are members of, and are
subject to regulation by "self-regulatory organizations", including the NASD
and the NYSE. Many of these self-regulatory organizations conduct examinations
of and have adopted rules governing their member broker-dealers. In addition,
state securities and certain other regulators have regulatory and oversight
authority over our registered broker-dealers. We are also subject to the rules
of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board in our municipal activities. Our
Financial Advisors are also subject to regulation under the Exchange Act as
described above under "--Asset Management Operations".
Broker-dealers and their sales forces are subject to regulations that cover
many aspects of the securities business, including sales methods and trading
practices. The regulations cover the suitability of investments for individual
customers, use and safekeeping of customers' funds and securities, capital
adequacy, record-keeping, financial reporting and the conduct of directors,
officers and employees.
The commodity futures and commodity options industry in the United States is
subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act. The CFTC is the
federal agency charged with the administration of the Commodity Exchange Act
and the regulations adopted under the act. Prudential Securities Incorporated
and a number of our other subsidiaries are registered with the CFTC as futures
commission merchants, commodity pool operators or commodity trading advisors.
Our futures business is also regulated in the United States by the National
Futures Association.
The SEC and other governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations,
as well as state securities commissions in the United States, have the power
to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the
issuance of cease-and-desist orders or suspension, termination or limitation
of the activities of a broker-dealer or an investment advisor or its
employees.
As registered broker-dealers and members of various self-regulatory
organizations, Prudential Securities Incorporated and our other registered
broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the SEC's Uniform Net Capital Rule.
The Uniform Net Capital Rule sets the minimum level of net capital a broker-
dealer must maintain and also requires that at least a minimum part of a
broker-dealer's assets be kept in relatively liquid form. These net capital
requirements are designed to measure the financial soundness and liquidity of
broker-dealers. Prudential Securities Incorporated is also subject to the net
capital requirements of the CFTC and the various securities and commodities
exchanges of which it is a member. Compliance with the net capital
requirements could limit those operations that require the intensive use of
capital, such as underwriting and trading activities, and may limit the
ability of these subsidiaries to pay dividends to Prudential Financial, Inc.
As of December 31, 2000, Prudential Securities Incorporated's regulatory net
capital was well in excess of the required amount.
Margin lending by certain of our broker-dealer subsidiaries is subject to
the margin rules of the Federal Reserve Board, which limit the amount they may
lend when customers are buying securities. These subsidiaries are also
required by NYSE rules to impose maintenance requirements on the values of
securities contained in margin accounts.
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Other Businesses
Our domestic banking operations are subject to extensive federal and state
regulation, including examination and review by state authorities of consumer
finance offices. Prudential provides trust services through Prudential Trust
Company, a state-chartered trust company incorporated under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, The Prudential Bank and Trust Company, and The
Prudential Savings Bank, F.S.B. Our bank in the United Kingdom is subject to
banking and securities regulation. The sale of real estate franchises by our
real estate franchise operation is regulated by various state laws and the
FTC. The federal Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and state real estate
brokerage and unfair trade practice laws regulate payments among participants
in the sale or financing of residences or the provision of settlement services
such as mortgages, homeowners insurance and title insurance.
Privacy of Customer Information
Federal law and regulation requires financial institutions to protect the
security and confidentiality of customer information and to notify customers
about their policies and practices relating to their collection and disclosure
of customer information and their policies relating to protecting the security
and confidentiality of that information. Federal and state laws also regulate
disclosures of customer information. Congress and state legislatures are
expected to consider additional regulation relating to privacy and other
aspects of customer information.
Environmental Considerations
Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations apply to our
ownership and operation of real property. Inherent in owning and operating
real property is the risk of hidden environmental liabilities and the costs of
any required clean-up. As to our commercial mortgage lending, under the laws
of certain states, contamination of a property may give rise to a lien on the
property to secure recovery of the costs of clean-up. In several states, this
lien has priority over the lien of an existing mortgage against such property.
In addition, in some states and under the federal Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), we may be liable,
as an "owner" or "operator", for costs of cleaning-up releases or threatened
releases of hazardous substances at a property mortgaged to us. We also risk
environmental liability when we foreclose on a property mortgaged to us.
Recent legislation provides for a safe harbor from CERCLA liability for
secured lenders that foreclose and sell the mortgaged real estate, provided
that certain requirements are met. However, there are circumstances in which
actions taken could still expose us to CERCLA liability. Application of
various other federal and state environmental laws could also result in the
imposition of liability on us for costs associated with environmental hazards.
We routinely conduct environmental assessments for real estate we acquire
for investment and before taking title through foreclosure to real property
collateralizing mortgages that we hold. Although unexpected environmental
liabilities can always arise, based on these environmental assessments and
compliance with our internal procedures, we believe that any costs associated
with compliance with environmental laws and regulations or any clean-up of
properties would not have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations.
Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings
We are subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of our
businesses, including class actions. Our pending legal and regulatory actions
include proceedings specific to us and proceedings generally applicable to
business practices in the industries in which we operate. In our insurance
operations, we are subject to class actions and individual suits involving a
variety of issues, including sales practices, underwriting practices, claims
payment and procedures, additional premium charges for premiums paid on a
periodic basis, denial or delay of benefits and breaching fiduciary duties to
customers. In addition to the types of claims generally affecting our
insurance operations, with respect to our automobile and homeowners insurance
products, we are also subject to individual and class action lawsuits
involving a variety of issues including allegations of "redlining" or
impermissible discrimination among customers, diminution of automobile value
following a casualty loss, improper adjustment of earthquake claims, and
challenges to the method of calculating replacement cost value for homes, the
deduction of depreciation for certain types of property losses, the amount of
and changes to policy deductibles, and other coverage and claims payment
disputes. In our investment-related
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operations, we are subject to litigation involving commercial disputes with
counterparties or partners and class action and other litigation alleging,
among other things, that we made improper or inadequate disclosures in
connection with the sale of assets and annuity and investment products or
charged excessive or impermissible fees on these products, recommended
unsuitable products to customers, mishandled customer accounts or breached
fiduciary duties to customers. In our securities operations, we are subject to
class action suits, arbitrations and other actions arising out of our retail
securities brokerage, account management, underwriting, former investment
banking and other activities, including claims of improper or inadequate
disclosure regarding investments or charges, recommending unsuitable
investments or products that were unsuitable for tax advantaged accounts,
assessing impermissible fees or charges, engaging in excessive or unauthorized
trading, making improper underwriting allocations, breaching alleged duties to
non-customer third parties and breaching fiduciary duties to customers. We may
be a defendant in, or be contractually responsible to third parties for, class
action and individual litigation arising from our other operations, including
claims for breach of contract and payment of real estate taxes on transfer of
equitable interests in residential properties in our relocation businesses, or
the businesses we are winding down or have divested, including claims under
the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act in connection with our divested
residential first mortgage operations and claims related to our discontinued
healthcare operations. We are also subject to litigation arising out of our
general business activities, such as our investments, contracts, leases and
labor and employment relationships, including claims of discrimination and
harassment. For discussion of litigation relating to our demutualization, see
"Risk Factors--A legal challenge to the plan of reorganization could adversely
affect the terms of the demutualization and the market price of our Common
Stock".
In some of our pending legal and regulatory actions, parties are seeking
large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages.
The following is a summary of certain pending proceedings.
Insurance
Life Insurance Sales Practices Issues
We have experienced substantial regulatory investigations and civil
litigation involving allegations of deceptive life insurance sales practices
by us and our insurance agents in violation of state and federal laws. The
sales practices alleged to have occurred were and are contrary to our policy.
In July 1996, a task force consisting of insurance regulators from 29 states
and the District of Columbia released a report that found that some of our
life insurance sales had been improper. The report focused on
misrepresentations concerning the use of existing life insurance policies to
fund additional policies, the number of out-of-pocket cash premium payments
required to fund life insurance policies, and the characterization of policies
as investments rather than insurance policies. The task force found that our
efforts to prevent these types of misrepresentations were not sufficiently
effective.
Based on these findings, the task force recommended, and we agreed to,
various changes in our sales and other business practices controls and a
series of fines allocated to all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In
addition, the task force and we agreed upon a remediation program pursuant to
which we would offer relief to policyholders who were misled when they
purchased individual permanent life insurance policies in the United States
from 1982 through 1995. By March 1997, we had entered into consent orders with
insurance regulatory authorities in all 50 states and the District of Columbia
in which such authorities adopted the task force report and agreed to accept
this remediation program as enhanced by the class action settlement we discuss
below and the payment of approximately $65 million in fines, penalties and
related payments to resolve with these authorities the sales practices issues
identified by the task force's examination.
Commencing in February 1995, a number of individual and alleged class civil
actions were filed against us alleging improprieties in connection with our
sale, servicing and operation of permanent individual life insurance policies.
Many of these actions were consolidated and transferred to the United States
District Court for the District of New Jersey. The principal allegations in
the consolidated class action were that we improperly sold individual
permanent life insurance, citing misrepresentations like those identified in
the state insurance task force report.
In October 1996, we entered into a Stipulation of Settlement in the
consolidated class action covering all persons who own or owned at termination
of the policy an individual permanent life insurance policy issued in the
United States during the period January 1, 1982 through December 31, 1995,
other than:
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. policyholders opting out of the class action settlement;
. policyholders who had previously settled with us who were represented by
counsel;
. the owners of certain corporate-owned life insurance or trust-owned life
insurance policies; and
. a limited number of other specified policyholders.
The Stipulation of Settlement settled the class action by adopting the
remediation program that was described in the task force report, as modified
by specified enhancements and changes, including some additional remedies. The
Stipulation of Settlement releases us from all claims that have been asserted
by class members and bars class members from asserting any other claims with
respect to the sale, servicing or administration of the policies that the
settlement covers.
In October 1996, we provided notice of the class action and proposed class
action settlement to the owners of the approximately 10.7 million covered
policies, giving each owner the opportunity to opt out of the class action in
order to pursue alternative remedies. In March 1997, the district court issued
an order certifying the class for settlement purposes only and approving the
amended class action settlement as fair to class members. After subsequent
appellate court review, the approval of the class action settlement became
final and unappealable, although the district court has retained jurisdiction
over the administration, execution, enforcement and interpretation of the
settlement. As of June 30, 2001, virtually all aspects of the settlement have
been satisfied.
The remediation program offered policyholders the right to participate in
the alternative dispute resolution process. The alternative dispute resolution
process provided for an individual review of each claim with remedies tailored
to the type of claim and the available evidence concerning the claim.
Pursuant to the alternative dispute resolution process, eligible
policyholders completed and returned approximately 646,000 claim forms and,
approximately 565,000 of them were determined to warrant claim relief.
Virtually all aspects of the alternative dispute resolution process are now
complete.
Approximately 325,000 alternative dispute resolution claimants who elected
to cancel their policies or chose not to reinstate them and to receive a
refund of the premiums they paid are being offered the opportunity to
reinstate these policies so they may participate in the demutualization as
owners of eligible policies. Claimants that elect to reinstate will have to
pay us to reinstate their policies. The amount each claimant must pay includes
the premiums that he or she would have had to pay to maintain continuous
coverage under the canceled policy for the period from cancellation through
reinstatement. Claimants must also repay us any money that we refunded in
connection with the cancellation through the remedy process plus interest from
the date of refund.
In a related matter, the NASD examined our sales practices with respect to
SEC-registered variable life insurance products sold in the United States from
1983 through 1995, as well as the adequacy of sales supervision within the
broker-dealer through which we distributed these products to the public. In
July 1999, our individual life insurance broker-dealer, Pruco Securities
Corporation, entered into a settlement agreement with the NASD that included
findings by the NASD of inadequate supervision and improper sales practices in
connection with the sale of some of our variable life insurance products
similar to those cited by the state insurance task force. This settlement
agreement censured us, required us to retain an independent consultant to
review Pruco Securities' policies and procedures relevant to the NASD's
findings, and levied a $20 million fine. This settlement did not change the
remediation program or add to our obligations to claimants in the remediation
program or to other policyholders.
On September 2, 1999, the Insurance Department of the State of New York
formally adopted a report of examination based on the department's review, for
the years 1996 and 1997, of our individual life insurance sales practices
controls and various company recordkeeping, reporting and filing requirements.
The examination report primarily cited violations relating to some of our
advertisements and advertising files, the use of unfiled policy forms in what
is now a discontinued line of business, various problems related to the back-
office maintenance of new business and complaint files, and our inability to
produce all requested documents and data in a timely manner. The department
also concluded that we failed to adequately facilitate its examination. We
resolved these matters by entering into a stipulation in which we agreed to
pay a fine of $1.5 million and agreed that the audit committee of our board of
directors would provide semi-annual reports for a three year period to the New
York department describing the status of steps we have taken to remedy the
issues cited in the examination report and the status of our regulatory
compliance procedures generally.
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We remain subject to oversight and review by insurance regulators and other
regulatory authorities with respect to our sales practices and the conduct of
the remediation program. The releases granted by the state insurance
regulatory authorities pursuant to our settlements with them do not become
final until the remediation program has been completed without any material
changes to which those regulators have not agreed. As noted above, as of
December 31, 2000, virtually all aspects of the remediation program had been
satisfied.
The class action settlement does not cover:
. policies other than individual permanent life insurance policies issued
in the United States;
. any type of policy issued prior to 1982 or after 1995;
. the policyholders who opted out of participation in the settlement, some
of whom are proceeding with their own individual actions; and
. other individual actions that are not barred by the class action
settlement.
As of September 30, 2001, we remained a party to approximately 44 individual
sales practices actions filed by policyholders who "opted out" of the class
action settlement related to permanent life insurance policies we issued in
the United States between 1982 and 1995. In addition, there were 36 sales
practices actions pending that were filed by policyholders who were members of
the class and who failed to "opt out" of the class action settlement. We
believe that those actions are governed by the class settlement release and
expect them to be enjoined and/or dismissed. Some of these cases seek
substantial damages while others seek unspecified compensatory, punitive or
treble damages. It is possible that substantial punitive damages might be
awarded in one or more of these cases. Six such cases pending in federal court
in Miami have been consolidated and set for trial in early December 2001, and
ten such cases pending in Palm Beach County, Florida Circuit Court have been
scheduled for trial in late January 2002. While the number of new lawsuits
filed has been diminishing over time, we anticipate that additional suits may
be filed by other policyholders who "opted out" of the class action settlement
or who failed to "opt out" but nevertheless seek to proceed against us. We
intend to defend these cases vigorously.
While we believe we have adequately reserved in all material respects based
on information currently available, as with any litigation, the litigation by
policyholders who "opted out" of the class action settlements is subject to
many uncertainties, and, given the complexity and scope of these suits, we
cannot predict their outcome. For discussion of charges and reserves relating
to these matters, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations--Consolidated Results of Operations--Sales
Practices Remedies and Costs".
Sales practices litigation has been filed in Canada against a number of
insurance companies, including Prudential and London Life Insurance Company,
to whom we sold most of our Canadian life insurance policies in 1996. As we
discuss above under "--Corporate and Other Operations--Divested Businesses--
Divested Canadian Businesses", we agreed to indemnify London Life against
damages relating to our pre-sale market conduct activities. To date, we have
not been made a party to any London Life class action litigation, although we
indemnify London Life on an ongoing basis with respect to individual actions.
We also are party to one purported Canadian sales practice class action
involving policies sold by National Life Insurance Company of Canada which
were jointly issued under the reinsurance agreement with Prudential. There has
been no significant activity in this case since the filing of the complaint in
1997. While there can be no assurance, we currently believe our potential
Canadian exposure, if any, is covered by the foregoing sales practice
reserves.
Other
On August 13, 2000, plaintiffs filed a purported national class action
against us in the District Court of Valencia County, New Mexico, Azar, et al.
v. Prudential, based upon the alleged failure to adequately disclose the
increased costs associated with payment of life insurance premiums on a
"modal" basis, i.e., more frequently than once a year. Similar actions have
been filed in New Mexico against over a dozen other insurance companies. The
complaint includes allegations that we should have disclosed to each
policyholder who paid for coverage on a modal basis the dollar cost difference
between the modal premium and the annual premium required for the policy, as
well as the effective annual percentage rate of interest of such difference.
Based on these allegations, plaintiffs assert statutory claims including
violation of the New Mexico Unfair Practices Act, and common law claims for
breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of
fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and fraudulent concealment. The complaint
seeks injunctive relief, compensatory and punitive
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damages, both in unspecified amounts, restitution, treble damages, pre-
judgment interest, costs and attorneys' fees. We filed an answer denying the
claims. Thereafter, both we and the plaintiffs filed separate motions for
summary judgment. On March 9, 2001, the court entered an order granting
summary judgment to plaintiffs as to liability, permitting us to appeal the
order and staying the case pending completion of the appeal proceeding. The
appeals court has agreed to hear the appeal and the briefing has been
completed.
Securities
In November 1998, plaintiffs filed a purported class action in the United
States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Gillet v.
Goldman, Sachs & Co., et al., against over two dozen underwriters of initial
public offering securities, including Prudential Securities. A number of
similar actions brought on behalf of purported classes of both IPO purchasers
and IPO issuers were consolidated under the name In re Public Offering Fee
Antitrust Litigation. The amended complaint alleges that the defendants have
conspired to fix at 7% the spread that underwriting syndicates receive from
issuers of securities in certain offerings in violation of the federal
antitrust laws, and seeks treble damages and injunctive relief. On February 9,
2001, the court dismissed the purchaser cases for lack of antitrust standing,
without leave to replead. Plaintiffs have appealed that dismissal to the
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the court has
established a briefing schedule. In July 2001, a consolidated class action
complaint was filed in the issuer cases, and, in September 2001, defendants
filed a motion to dismiss that complaint.
Since June 1999, news organizations have widely reported that Martin R.
Frankel, a Connecticut businessman, is under indictment for allegedly
misappropriating several hundred million dollars of assets of several
insurance companies. Mr. Frankel controlled or was otherwise affiliated with
accounts held at numerous broker-dealers, including Prudential Securities.
Prudential Securities has received requests for information and documents
regarding accounts and transactions related to Mr. Frankel from various
governmental authorities and private parties. Prudential Securities has
complied with these requests and is cooperating with the government
investigations. In June 2001, an action was commenced in Circuit Court, Cole
County, Missouri, Lakin et al. v. Prudential Securities Inc. et al., against
Prudential Securities, Prudential Investments and Prudential Savings Bank by
the insurance commissioners for Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee and Oklahoma
in their capacities as liquidators of six insurance companies previously
controlled by Martin A. Frankel. According to the complaint, Mr. Frankel and
others perpetrated an elaborate criminal scheme to loot funds from the
companies. Mr. Frankel has been indicted by a federal grand jury in
Connecticut. The complaint alleges that, in connection with accounts
maintained by the insurance companies at Prudential, the Prudential defendants
allowed Mr. Frankel and his associates to transfer funds without proper
authority and failed to detect and stop their looting activities. The
complaint asserts causes of action for negligence, breach of contract and
breach of fiduciary duty, and seeks compensatory damages in an amount to be
proved at trial. In August 2001, we removed the case to the United States
District Court for the Western District of Missouri, Central Division. On
September 17, 2001, plaintiffs filed a motion to remand the case to state
court, which is pending. In October 2001, we filed an answer to the complaint.
Beginning in 1991, Prudential Securities became the subject of numerous
regulatory investigations and civil lawsuits which principally involved
alleged misrepresentations and unsuitable recommendations in sales of oil and
gas, real estate and aircraft leasing limited partnerships in the 1980s. These
lawsuits and regulatory investigations are now resolved.
On September 12, 2001, an amended complaint was filed in a purported class
action pending against Rite Aid Corporation ("Rite Aid") and individual
trustees of a Rite Aid-sponsored 401(k) plan (the "Plan") in the United States
District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania naming The Prudential
Insurance Company of America, Prudential Securities Incorporated, Prudential
Retirement Services, Inc., Prudential Investment Management Services, LLC and
the Rohrbaugh Group as defendants. The amended complaint alleges that the
Prudential defendants, which provide record keeping and other services to the
Plan, acted as ERISA fiduciaries and breached fiduciary duties to the Plan by
(1) failing to disclose to Plan participants Rite Aid's failure to register
its common stock offered under the Plan, (2) allowing Plan participants to
purchase unregistered Rite Aid stock, and (3) failing to seek remedies on
their behalf. The amended complaint also alleges that, under ERISA, the
Prudential defendants are liable as co-fiduciaries with Rite Aid or by
knowingly participating in Rite Aid's breaches of its fiduciary duties to the
Plan. The amended complaint seeks damages of $100 million against all
defendants plus interest, attorneys' fees and costs and, as to the Prudential
defendants, the equitable remedy of rescission with respect to purchases of
Rite Aid stock by the Plan participants.
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Corporate and Other Operations
In November 1996, plaintiffs filed a purported class action against
Prudential, The Prudential Home Mortgage Company, Inc. and several other
subsidiaries in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Essex County, Capitol Life
Insurance Company v. Prudential, et al., in connection with the sale of
certain subordinated mortgage securities sold by a subsidiary of Prudential
Home Mortgage. In February 1999, the court entered an order dismissing all
counts without prejudice with leave to refile after limited discovery. On May
10, 2000, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint that alleges violations
of the New Jersey securities and RICO statutes, fraud, conspiracy and
negligent misrepresentation, and seeks compensatory as well as treble and
punitive damages, and defendants filed a motion to dismiss. In October 2001,
the court denied the motion to dismiss. The time in which to answer the second
amended complaint has been extended until December 2001. See "--Corporate and
Other Operations--Divested Businesses--Residential First Mortgage Banking" for
a discussion of other litigation relating to our divested residential mortgage
banking operations.
In August 1999, a Prudential employee and several Prudential retirees filed
an action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Florida, Dupree, et al., v. Prudential, et al., against Prudential and its
Board of Directors in connection with a group annuity contract entered into in
1989 between the Prudential Retirement Plan and Prudential. The suit alleges
that this annuitization of certain retirement benefits violates ERISA and
that, in the event of demutualization, Prudential will retain shares
distributed under the annuity contract in violation of ERISA's fiduciary duty
requirements. In July 2001, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint dropping
three counts, and Prudential filed an answer denying the essential allegations
of the complaint and moved to dismiss the matter against individual director
defendants.
In September 2001, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint in a
purported national class action against us and over two dozen other mutual
fund companies in the United States District Court for the Southern District
of Illinois, Nelson, et al. v. Aim Advisors, et al., alleging that
distribution and advisory fees paid by numerous mutual funds were unlawful.
The complaint alleges that the statutorily independent directors for each fund
complex were, in fact, controlled by the advisor and, therefore, the fees were
not properly approved. The complaint further alleges that the fees were, in
any event, excessive in relation to the services rendered. The complaint
alleges that defendants' actions violated the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as well as the fiduciary duties owed under common law, and seeks actual and
punitive damages and declaratory relief. In October 2001, we filed a motion to
sever, which would require plaintiffs to re-plead their claims against us in a
separate action, and a motion to transfer the case to the United States
District Court for the District of New Jersey. An earlier case filed in the
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Krantz v.
Prudential Investments Fund Management LLC and Prudential Investment
Management Services LLC, contains similar challenges to the validity of the
investment advisory and distribution agreements with one of our mutual funds.
In 1999, the court dismissed the case and an appeal to the Third Circuit Court
of Appeals is pending.
Discontinued Operations
As discussed under "--Discontinued Operations--Healthcare", we have agreed
to indemnify Aetna for certain litigation involving the disposed healthcare
operations, and we have been sued directly for certain alleged actions
occurring before the disposition of those operations. This litigation includes
class actions and individual suits involving various issues, including payment
of claims, denial of benefits, vicarious liability for malpractice claims,
contract disputes with provider groups and former policyholders, purported
class actions challenging practices of our former managed care operations,
including the class actions described below, and coordination of benefits with
other carriers.
Three purported nationwide class action lawsuits have been filed against us
in United States District Courts on behalf of participants in our managed
health care plans. On October 23, 2000, by Order of the Judicial Panel on
Multi-District Litigation, these actions were consolidated for pre-trial
purposes, along with lawsuits pending against other managed healthcare
companies, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Florida, in a consolidated proceeding captioned In re Managed Care Litigation.
Williamson v. Prudential alleges violations of RICO and ERISA through
alleged misrepresentations of the level of healthcare services provided,
failure to disclose financial incentive agreements with physicians,
interference with the physician-patient relationship, breach of fiduciary
duty, and deprivation of plaintiffs' rights to the receipt of honest medical
services. It also alleges that Prudential and other major healthcare
organizations engaged in an industry-wide conspiracy to defraud subscribers as
to the level of services and quality of care. The
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complaint seeks compensatory damages, restitution and treble damages, all in
unspecified amounts, the imposition of an equitable trust for any wrongful
revenues and attorneys' fees. Our motion to dismiss the complaint for failure
to state a claim was granted and the case dismissed with leave to amend. An
amended complaint filed on June 29, 2001 asserted substantially the same
claims. Our motion to dismiss the amended complaint is pending. Plaintiffs'
motion for class certification is also pending. McCarron v. Prudential, et al.
alleges violations of ERISA in making coverage determinations and seeks
injunctive relief, money damages in an unspecified amount, restitution and
disgorgement of profits, and attorneys' fees. Our motion to dismiss this
complaint is also pending. Romero v. Prudential, et al. alleges ERISA
violations based on cost containment policies and seeks injunctive relief,
compensatory damages in an unspecified amount and attorneys' fees.
In Batas & Vogel v. Prudential, a case filed in a New York state court in
1997 based on allegations similar to those in Williamson, an intermediate
appeals court held that claims alleging breach of contract, fraud, tortious
interference with contractual relations and violations of the New York
deceptive acts and practices statute may be brought against managed care
organizations. The court affirmed the dismissal of claims for breach of
fiduciary duty, breach of the covenant of good faith and for injunctive and
declaratory relief. Plaintiffs' motion to certify a nationwide class of non-
ERISA plan participants is pending.
We have also been sued in Shane v. Humana, et al., a purported nationwide
class action brought on behalf of provider physicians and physician groups
against Prudential and other health care companies in the consolidated
proceeding in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Florida. That case alleges that the defendants engaged in an industry-wide
conspiracy to defraud physicians by failing to pay under provider agreements
and by unlawfully coercing providers to enter into agreements with unfair and
unreasonable terms. The original complaint asserted various claims for relief
based on these allegations, several of which the court, in response to our
motion, held were subject to mandatory arbitration. The court subsequently
granted our motion to dismiss the remaining claims, including RICO conspiracy
and aiding and abetting claims, but allowed plaintiffs the opportunity to
amend the complaint. We appealed the district court's decision to the Eleventh
Circuit Court of Appeals to the extent it failed to require the plaintiff to
arbitrate all claims against us. The amended complaint, naming additional
plaintiffs, including three state medical associations, and an additional
defendant, was filed on March 26, 2001. Like the original complaint, it
alleges claims of breach of contract, quantum meruit, unjust enrichment,
violations of RICO, conspiracy to violate RICO, aiding and abetting RICO
violations, and violations of state prompt pay statutes and the California
unfair business practices statute. The amended complaint seeks compensatory
and punitive damages in unspecified amounts, treble damages pursuant to RICO,
and attorneys' fees. Our motion to dismiss the amended complaint and
plaintiffs' motion for class certification are pending. The Eleventh Circuit
Court of Appeals stayed the case pending the outcome of the appeal.
Summary
Our litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and given their complexity
and scope, we cannot predict the outcomes. It is possible that our results of
operations or cash flow, in particular quarterly or annual periods, could be
materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable resolution of pending
litigation and regulatory matters depending, in part, upon the results of
operations or cash flow for such period. We believe, however, that the
ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after
consideration of applicable reserves, should not have a material adverse
effect on our financial position.
Properties
We own our headquarters building located at 751 Broad Street, Newark, New
Jersey. Our headquarters are approximately one half million square feet. In
addition, we own other properties that we use for home office functions.
Excluding properties used for the International division and Prudential
Securities' operations, we own 16 and lease 21 properties. Our insurance
operations use approximately 700 other locations throughout the United States,
most of which are leased.
For our International Insurance operations, we lease nine home offices
located in Argentina, Brazil, China, Italy, Japan, Korea, The Philippines,
Poland and Taiwan. In addition, we have purchased an 80% beneficial interest
in a 38-story office, residential and retail development that is currently
under construction in central Tokyo and that will become the home office of
our Japan operations when completed, which is expected late in 2002. In
connection with the development of this property, we will have paid
approximately (Yen)42.3 billion
238
(approximately $356 million at an exchange rate on August 31, 2001 of
$1=(Yen)118.76) through August 31, 2001. On completion of the building and
full occupancy, we expect that the major portion of our total acquisition and
development costs, estimated at (Yen)55.4 billion (approximately $466
million), will be financed through non-recourse borrowings and that our equity
investment in this property will be approximately (Yen)17.4 billion
(approximately $147 million). We also own one field office and lease
approximately 135 other field offices throughout Argentina, Brazil, Italy,
Japan, Korea, The Philippines, Poland and Taiwan. For our International
Securities and Investments operations, we own one branch office and lease
approximately 15 other branch offices throughout Japan, Mexico and Taiwan.
For our securities operations we lease two home offices in New York City,
which total approximately 1.8 million square feet. These leases are linked to
benefit agreements with the New York City Industrial Development Agency. In
addition, we lease approximately 350 other locations throughout the United
States and approximately 35 locations outside of the United States for our
securities operations.
We believe our properties are adequate and suitable for our business as
currently conducted and are adequately maintained. The above properties do not
include properties we own for investment only.
Employees
As of September 30, 2001, we employed approximately 63,265 employees.
Approximately 2,800 Prudential Agents were covered by the terms of collective
bargaining agreements between us and the United Food and Commercial Workers
International Union. On September 7, 2001, the UFCW notified us that it was
formally disclaiming interest in representing these agents. These agreements
expired on September 24, 2001 and October 22, 2001. Consequently, Prudential
Agents are no longer represented by such union. We believe our relations with
our employees are satisfactory.
239
MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
Each of the following individuals is currently a director or officer of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America and of Prudential Financial, Inc.
Name Age Title Other Directorships
------------------------ --- -------------------------- ---------------------------------
Arthur F. Ryan.......... 58 Chairman, Chief Executive None
Officer and President
Franklin E. Agnew....... 67 Director . Bausch & Lomb, Inc.
Frederic K. Becker...... 65 Director None
Gilbert F. Casellas..... 49 Director None
James G. Cullen......... 58 Director . Johnson & Johnson
. Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Carolyne K. Davis....... 69 Director None
Allan D. Gilmour........ 67 Director . DTE Energy Company
. The Dow Chemical Company
. Whirlpool Corporation
William H. Gray III..... 60 Director . Viacom, Inc.
. Electronic Data Systems
. Municipal Bond Investors
Assurance Corporation
. Rockwell International
Corporation
. JP Morgan Chase & Co.
. Dell Computer Corporation
. Pfizer, Inc.
. Visteon Corporation
Jon F. Hanson........... 64 Director . CDL, Inc.
. Gemini Industries Inc.
. Pascack Community Bank
Glen H. Hiner........... 67 Director . Owens Corning
. Dana Corporation
Constance J. Horner..... 59 Director . Foster Wheeler Corporation
. Ingersoll-Rand Company
. Pfizer, Inc.
Gaynor N. Kelley........ 70 Director . Alliant Techsystems
. Hercules Incorporated
Burton G. Malkiel....... 69 Director . Baker Fentress & Company
Ida F. S. Schmertz...... 66 Director None
Charles R. Sitter....... 70 Director None
Donald L. Staheli....... 69 Director None
Richard M. Thomson...... 68 Director . The Toronto-Dominion Bank
. Nexen, Inc.
. INCO, Limited
. The Thomson Corporation
. TrizecHahn Corporation
. Stuart Energy Systems, Inc.
240
Name Age Title Other Directorships
-------------------------- --- -------------------------- --------------------------------
James A. Unruh............ 60 Director None
P. Roy Vagelos............ 71 Director . Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
Stanley C. Van Ness....... 67 Director . Jersey Central Power & Light
Paul A. Volcker........... 73 Director None
Vivian L. Banta........... 51 Executive Vice President None
Michele S. Darling........ 47 Executive Vice President None
Robert Charles Golden..... 55 Executive Vice President None
Mark B. Grier............. 48 Executive Vice President . RGS Energy Group Incorporated
. Annuity and Life Re (Holding),
Ltd.
Jean D. Hamilton.......... 54 Executive Vice President None
Rodger A. Lawson.......... 54 Executive Vice President None
Kiyofumi Sakaguchi........ 58 Executive Vice President None
John R. Strangfeld, Jr. .. 47 Executive Vice President None
Richard J. Carbone........ 54 Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer None
John M. Liftin............ 58 Senior Vice President and
General Counsel None
Biographical information about Prudential Financial, Inc.'s directors and
executive officers is as follows:
Arthur F. Ryan was elected Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
of Prudential Financial, Inc. in December 2000 and served as President and
Chief Executive Officer of Prudential Financial, Inc. from January 2000 to
December 2000. He joined The Prudential Insurance Company of America as the
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President in December 1994.
Mr. Ryan was with Chase Manhattan Bank from 1972 to 1994, serving in various
executive positions including President and Chief Operating Officer from 1990
to 1994 and Vice Chairman from 1985 to 1990. Mr. Ryan was elected a director
of Prudential Financial, Inc. in December 1999 and has been a director of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America since December 1994.
Franklin E. Agnew was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme
Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in June
1994. He has been an independent business consultant since January 1987. From
1989 through 1990, he served as the court-appointed trustee in the
reorganization of the Sharon Steel Corporation. Mr. Agnew was the Chief
Financial Officer of H.J. Heinz Co. from July 1971 to June 1973 and a Senior
Vice President and Group Executive from July 1973 through 1986.
Frederic K. Becker was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey
Supreme Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in
June 1994. He has served as President of the law firm of Wilentz Goldman &
Spitzer, P.C. since 1989 and has been with the firm since 1960.
Gilbert F. Casellas was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1998. Since January 2001, he has served as President and
Chief Executive Officer of Q-linx, Inc. (software development). He served as
the President and Chief Operating Officer of The Swarthmore Group, Inc.
(investment company) from January 1999 to December 2000. Mr. Casellas was a
partner in the law firm of McConnell Valdes LLP from 1998 to 1999; Chairman,
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1994 to 1998; and General
Counsel, U.S. Department of Air Force from 1993 to 1994.
James G. Cullen was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme
Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in April
1994. He served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of Bell Atlantic
Corporation
241
(global telecommunications) from December 1998 until his retirement in June
2000. Mr. Cullen was the President and Chief Executive Officer, Telecom Group,
Bell Atlantic Corporation from 1997 to 1998; Vice Chairman of Bell Atlantic
Corporation from 1995 to 1997; and President of Bell Atlantic Corporation from
1993 to 1995. He joined the Bell Atlantic division of AT&T in 1964 and served
in various positions with both companies.
Carolyne K. Davis was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1989. She was an Independent Health Care Consultant and a
Scholar in Residence at Cornell University from 1997 to 1999. Dr. Davis was a
Health Care Advisor with Ernst & Young, LLP from 1985 to 1997. She was
Administrator, Health Care Financing Administration, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services from 1981 to 1985.
Allan D. Gilmour was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1995. He retired as the Vice Chairman of Ford Motor
Company in 1995. During his 34-year career with Ford Motor Company (automotive
industry), Mr. Gilmour held a number of executive positions, including that of
Chief Financial Officer and President of Ford Automotive Group.
William H. Gray III was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since September 1991. He has served as President and Chief Executive
Officer of The College Fund/UNCF (philanthropic foundation) since 1991. Mr.
Gray was a U.S. Congressman from 1979 to 1991.
Jon F. Hanson was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme
Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in April
1991. He has served as the Chairman of Hampshire Management Company (real
estate investment and property management) since 1976. Mr. Hanson served as
the Chairman and Commissioner of the New Jersey Sports and Exposition
Authority from 1982 to 1994.
Glen H. Hiner was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1997. He has been the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of Owens Corning (advanced glass and building material systems) since joining
the Company in 1992. Owens Corning filed for protection under the federal
bankruptcy code on October 5, 2000. Prior to joining Owens, Mr. Hiner worked
at General Electric Company starting in 1957. He served as Senior Vice
President and Group Executive, Plastics Group from 1983 to 1991.
Constance J. Horner was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1994. She has been a Guest Scholar at The Brookings
Institution (non-partisan research institute) since 1993, after serving as
Assistant to the President of the United States and Director, Presidential
Personnel from 1991 to 1993; Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services from 1989 to 1991; and Director, U.S. Office of Personnel
Management from 1985 to 1989. Ms. Horner was a Commissioner, U.S. Commission
on Civil Rights from 1993 to 1998 and taught at Princeton University in 1994
and Johns Hopkins University in 1995.
Gaynor N. Kelley was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1997. He retired as the Chairman of The Perkin-Elmer
Corporation (development, manufacture and marketing of analytical instruments
and life science systems) in 1996 after having served in that position from
1990. Prior to that, Mr. Kelley held other executive management positions with
Perkin-Elmer, having joined the company in 1950.
Burton G. Malkiel was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1978. He is the Chemical Bank Chairman's Professor of
Economics at Princeton University, where he has served on the faculty from
1988 to the present and at other times since 1964. He was the Dean of the
School of Organization and Management at Yale University from 1981 to 1988,
and he was a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisors from 1975
to 1977.
Ida F. S. Schmertz was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey
Supreme Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in
April 1997. She has been a Principal of Investment Strategies International
(investment consultant) since 1994 and Chairman of the Volkhov International
Business Incubator since 1995. Ms. Schmertz
242
was with American Express Company from 1979 to 1994, holding several
management positions including Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs.
Charles R. Sitter was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1995. He retired as the President of Exxon Corporation
(oil and gas industry) in 1996. Mr. Sitter joined Exxon in 1957 and held
various financial and management positions with Exxon in the United States,
Europe, Asia and Australia.
Donald L. Staheli was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1995. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
Continental Grain Company (international agribusiness and financial services)
from June 1994 until his retirement in July 1997, and as President and Chief
Executive Officer from April 1988 to June 1994. Mr. Staheli began his career
at Continental in 1969.
Richard M. Thomson was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1976. He retired as Chairman of The Toronto-Dominion Bank
(banking and financial services) in 1998, having retired as the Chief
Executive Officer in 1997. He had served as Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer since 1978. Prior to that time he held other management positions at
The Toronto-Dominion Bank, which he joined in 1957.
James A. Unruh was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1996. He became a founding member of Alerion Capital
Group, LLC (private equity group) in 1998. Mr. Unruh was with Unisys
Corporation (information technology services, hardware and software) from 1987
to 1997, serving as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from 1990 to 1997.
P. Roy Vagelos, M.D. was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since April 1989. Dr. Vagelos has been the Chairman of Regeneron
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. since 1995 and the Chairman of Advanced Medicines, Inc.
since 1997. He retired as the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
of Merck & Co., Inc. (pharmaceuticals) in 1994 after serving in that position
since 1985. Prior to that, Dr. Vagelos was the Senior Vice President, Research
Division of Merck Sharp and Dome Research Laboratories, which he joined in
1975.
Stanley C. Van Ness was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
in January 2001 and was appointed by the Chief Justice of the New Jersey
Supreme Court as a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in
April 1990. He has been a partner in the law firm of Herbert, Van Ness, Cayci
& Goodell since 1998. From 1990 to 1998, Mr. Van Ness was a partner in the law
firm of Picco Herbert Kennedy and from 1984 to 1990 was a partner with
Jamieson, Moore, Peskin and Spicer. He was a professor at Seton Hall
University Law School from 1982 to 1984. Prior to that time he worked for the
State of New Jersey, where he served as the first Public Advocate.
Paul A. Volcker was elected as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc. in
January 2001 and has been a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of
America since July 1988. He has been a business consultant to various
companies since 1997. Mr. Volcker was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of Wolfensohn & Co., Inc. (investment firm) from 1995 to 1996 and Chairman of
James D. Wolfensohn, Inc. from 1988 to 1995. From 1979 to 1988, Mr. Volcker
was the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1975 to 1979 and
Undersecretary of the U.S. Department of Treasury.
Vivian L. Banta was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
U.S. Consumer Group of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in March
2000. She served as Senior Vice President, Individual Financial Services from
January 2000 to March 2000. Prior to joining Prudential she was an independent
consultant from 1998 to 1999 and served as Executive Vice President, Global
Investor Services, Group Executive for Chase Manhattan Bank from 1991 to 1997.
Michele S. Darling was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
Corporate Governance and Human Resources of The Prudential Insurance Company
of America in March 2000, having served as Executive Vice President, Human
Resources since February 1997. Prior to joining Prudential she was the
Executive Vice President, Human Resources of Canadian Imperial Bank of
Commerce from 1991 to 1997.
243
Robert Charles Golden was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
Operations and Systems of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in June
1997. Previously, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief
Administrative Officer for Prudential Securities.
Mark B. Grier was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential Financial,
Inc. in December 2000. He served as a director of Prudential Financial, Inc.
from December 1999 to January 2001 and as Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. from January 2000 to December 2000. He was elected Executive
Vice President of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in May 1995.
Since May 1995 he has variously served as Chief Financial Officer, Executive
Vice President, Corporate Governance and Executive Vice President, Financial
Management, the position he holds at this time. Prior to joining Prudential,
Mr. Grier was an executive with Chase Manhattan Corporation.
Jean D. Hamilton was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
Prudential Institutional of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in
October 1998. She was the President of the Prudential Diversified Group from
February 1995 to October 1998 and has held several other senior management
positions since joining Prudential in 1988. Previously, Ms. Hamilton was an
executive with First National Bank of Chicago.
Rodger A. Lawson was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
International Investments and Global Marketing Communications of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America in October 1998. He was Executive Vice
President, Marketing and Planning of Prudential from June 1996 to October
1998. Prior to joining Prudential, Mr. Lawson was the President and Chief
Executive Officer of VanEck Global (investment management) from April 1994 to
June 1996; Managing Director and Partner, President and Chief Executive
Officer of Global Private Banking and Mutual Funds, Bankers Trust from January
1992 to April 1994; Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Fidelity
Investments--Retail from May 1985 to May 1991 and President and Chief
Executive Officer of Dreyfus Service Corporation from March 1982 to May 1985.
Kiyofumi Sakaguchi was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
International Insurance of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in
September 1998. Mr. Sakaguchi has served as the executive in charge of
Prudential's international insurance operations since 1995 and has held
various senior management positions in that area since joining Prudential in
March 1980. Mr. Sakaguchi had previously worked in the insurance industry in
Japan and the United States with Sakaguchi & Associates from 1977 to 1980 and
Occidental International Enterprises, Inc. from 1974 to 1977.
John R. Strangfeld, Jr. was elected Executive Vice President of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in February 2001 and was elected Executive Vice President,
Asset Management of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in October
1998 and Chairman and CEO of Prudential Securities in December 2000. He has
been with Prudential since July 1977, serving in various management positions,
including the executive in charge of Prudential Global Asset Management since
1998; Senior Managing Director, The Private Asset Management Group from 1995
to 1996; and Chairman of PRICOA Europe from 1989 to 1995.
Richard J. Carbone was elected Chief Financial Officer of Prudential
Financial, Inc. in December 2000 and was elected Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer of The Prudential Insurance Company of America in July
1997. Prior to that, Mr. Carbone was the Global Controller and a Managing
Director of Salomon, Inc. from July 1995 to June 1997, and Controller of
Bankers Trust New York Corporation and a Managing Director and Controller of
Bankers Trust Company from April 1988 to March 1993. From March 1993 to July
1995, Mr. Carbone was a Managing Director and Chief Administrative Officer of
the Private Client Group at Bankers Trust Company.
John M. Liftin was elected Senior Vice President and General Counsel of
Prudential Financial, Inc. in December 2000. He served as a director of
Prudential Financial, Inc. from December 1999 to January 2001 and as Vice
President of Prudential Financial, Inc. from January 2000 to December 2000. He
was elected Senior Vice President and General Counsel of The Prudential
Insurance Company of America in April 1998. Prior to that, Mr. Liftin was an
independent consultant from 1997 to 1998 and the Senior Vice President and
General Counsel of Kidder, Peabody Group, Inc. from 1987 to 1996.
244
Composition of the Board of Directors and Committees
Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors consists of 21 directors,
divided into three classes. Following the demutualization, the term of the
first class will expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in
2002, the term of the second class will expire at the annual meeting of
shareholders in 2003 and the term of the third class will expire at the annual
meeting of shareholders in 2004.
Messrs. Cullen, Hiner, Thomson, Unruh, Van Ness, and Volcker and Ms. Davis
are members of the first class, Messrs. Becker, Gray, Hanson, Kelley, Malkiel,
and Staheli and Ms. Horner are members of the second class, and Messrs. Agnew,
Casellas, Gilmour, Ryan, and Sitter, Ms. Schmertz and Dr. Vagelos will be
members of the third class. Directors are elected for a three year term.
Under New Jersey insurance law, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey appoints six of the directors of a mutual insurer with more than
ten million policies in force. The Chief Justice appointed Messrs. Agnew,
Becker, Cullen, Hanson, and Van Ness and Ms. Schmertz directors of The
Prudential Insurance Company of America prior to its demutualization pursuant
to this provision. This provision will no longer apply to The Prudential
Insurance Company of America after its demutualization and will not apply to
Prudential Financial, Inc.
Executive officers are elected annually.
The following table sets forth the chair and membership of each of the
committees of Prudential Financial, Inc.'s Board of Directors.
Corporate
Name Audit Business Ethics Compensation Governance Executive Finance Investment
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