amount invested in those
instruments. Since the Fund’s investment strategy involves consistently applied leverage, the value of the Fund’s shares will tend to increase or
decrease more than the value of any increase or decrease in the underlying index. Leverage also will have the effect of magnifying tracking error.
Liquidity and Valuation Risk—It may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular investments to meet redemption
requests or otherwise within a reasonable time at a fair price, or the price at which it has been valued by the Advisor for purposes of the Fund’s NAV,
causing the Fund to be less liquid and unable to realize what the Advisor believes should be the price of the investment. Valuation of portfolio investments may
be difficult, such as during periods of market turmoil or reduced liquidity, and for investments that may, for example, trade infrequently or irregularly. In these and other circumstances, an investment may be valued using fair value methodologies, which are inherently subjective, reflect good faith judgments based on available information and may not accurately estimate the price at which the Fund could sell the investment at that time. Liquidity and valuation risks are heightened in a changing interest rate or volatile environment particularly for fixed-income and other debt instruments.
Market Risk—The value of, or income generated by, the investments held by the Fund may fluctuate rapidly and
unpredictably. These fluctuations may be frequent and significant. In addition, the Fund may incur losses as a result of various market and economic factors, such as those affecting individual companies or issuers or particular industries, or from broader influences, such as general market conditions. In addition, developments related to economic, political (including geopolitical), social, public health, market, extreme weather, natural or man-made disasters or other conditions or events may cause volatility in financial markets and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and/or debt markets, which could adversely impact the Fund and its investments and their value and performance. Under such conditions, the Fund (or an underlying fund) may experience significant redemption activity by shareholders and could be forced to sell portfolio securities or other assets at unfavorable prices in an effort to generate sufficient cash to pay redeeming shareholders. The Fund’s investments may perform poorly or underperform the general securities markets or other types of securities.
Non-Diversification Risk—The Fund is
considered non-diversified and can invest a greater portion of its assets in securities of individual issuers than a diversified fund. As a result, changes in the
market value of a single issuer's securities could cause greater fluctuations in the value of Fund shares than would occur in a diversified fund. The Fund may become diversified for periods of time solely as a result of changes in the composition of the underlying index (e.g., changes in the
relative market capitalization or weights of one or more index component stocks).
OTC Trading Risk—Certain of the derivatives in which the Fund may invest may be
traded (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. While the OTC derivatives market is the primary trading venue for many derivatives, it is largely unregulated and provides for less transparency than a national securities or commodities exchange. As a result and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivatives contracts.
Passive Investment Risk—The Fund is not actively managed and the Advisor does
not attempt to take defensive positions in rising markets. Therefore, the Fund may be subject to greater losses in a rising market than a fund that is actively managed.
Portfolio Turnover Risk—Periodic rebalancing of the Fund's holdings
pursuant to its daily investment objective may lead to a greater number of portfolio transactions in the Fund than experienced by other mutual funds. Such
frequent and active trading may lead to significantly higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions associated with such transactions.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) Risk—REITs are classified as
equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. Equity REITs own real estate directly and the value of, and income earned by, the REITs depends upon the income of the underlying properties and the rental income they earn. Mortgage REITs make construction, development or long-term mortgage loans and are sensitive to the credit quality of the borrower. Mortgage REITs derive their income from interest earned on such mortgage loans. Hybrid REITs generally hold both ownership interests and mortgage interests in real estate. In addition to the risks pertaining to real estate investments more generally, REITs may be subject to additional risks, including risks associated with the direct ownership of real property, including declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses and variations in rental income. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate and prepayment risks. The value of a REIT can depend on the structure of, and cash flow generated by, the REIT. REITs whose investments are concentrated in a limited number or type of properties, investments or narrow geographic area are subject to the