You are cordially invited to attend the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders and any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Annual Meeting”) of VirnetX Holding Corporation (“VirnetX,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or similar term) to be held on Thursday, June 12, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be held in virtual format, by which you will be able to listen to the meeting live, vote and submit questions limited to the proposals described in the proxy statement accompanying this letter (the “Proxy Statement”). How you may attend the Annual Meeting depends on whether you are a beneficial owner or whether you are a registered stockholder.

If you are a beneficial owner (that is, if your shares are held at a brokerage): You must email admin@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time for verification by the Company. Following verification, you will receive a control identification number and a company-issued password.

If you are a registered stockholder: You must also email admin@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time for verification by the Company. Following verification, you will receive your meeting credentials.

Prior to the Annual Meeting, you may also submit questions relating to the proposals and VirnetX’s business generally by emailing info@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time. We will review these questions and will seek to answer as many as possible in the time allotted for the meeting.

At the Annual Meeting, we will ask you to consider the following proposals:

Our board of directors (the “Board”) has fixed the close of business on April 17, 2025 as the record date for the Annual Meeting (the “Record Date”). Only stockholders of record as of the Record Date may vote at the Annual Meeting. Further information regarding voting rights and matters to be voted upon is presented in the accompanying proxy statement.

On or about April 25, 2025, we expect to mail to our stockholders of record as of the Record Date a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) containing instructions on how to access our Proxy Statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”) online.

The Notice provides instructions on how to vote online or by telephone and includes instructions on how to receive a paper copy of the proxy materials by mail. The Proxy Statement and the Annual Report can be accessed directly at www.iproxydirect.com/VHC. Please reference the instructions mentioned above and enter the control and request identification numbers located on your Notice of Internet Availability (Notice and Access) Card or proxy card as applicable.

Our Proxy Statement, Proxy Card and Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024 are available at www.iproxydirect.com/VHC.

On Thursday, June 12, 2025, VirnetX Holding Corporation will hold its Annual Meeting at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. How you may attend the Annual Meeting depends on whether you are a beneficial owner or whether you are a registered stockholder.

If you are a beneficial owner (that is, if your shares are held at a brokerage): You must email admin@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time for verification by the Company. Following verification, you will receive a control identification number and a company-issued password.

If you are a registered stockholder: You must email admin@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time for verification by the Company. Following verification, you will receive your meeting credentials.

Prior to the Annual Meeting, you may also submit questions relating to the proposals and VirnetX’s business generally by emailing info@virnetx.com no later than Wednesday, June 11, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time. We will review these questions and will seek to answer as many as possible in the time allotted for the meeting.

The Annual Meeting will be held for the following purposes:

The foregoing items of business are further described in the proxy statement accompanying this notice (the “Proxy Statement”). Included with the Proxy Statement is a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 17, 2025 (the “Annual Report”). We encourage you to read the Annual Report. It includes our audited financial statements and information about our operations, markets and products. The close of business on April 17, 2025 has been fixed by our Board as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, our Annual Meeting (the “Record Date”). As of the Record Date, there were 4,238,581 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Stockholders of record as of the Record Date may vote at the Annual Meeting.

Your vote is important to us. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, please complete, sign, date and return the proxy card or voting instruction card as instructed or vote by telephone or using the internet as instructed on the proxy card or voting instruction card. Returning the proxy card, voting online or voting by telephone will ensure your representation at the meeting, but does not deprive you of your right to attend the meeting and vote your shares. The Proxy Statement explains more about the proxy voting process. Please read it carefully. We look forward to your attendance at the Annual Meeting.

Our Proxy Statement, Proxy Card and Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024 are available at www.iproxydirect.com/VHC.

The Board of Directors (the “Board”) of VirnetX Holding Corporation (“we,” “us,” the “Company” or “VirnetX”) is providing these proxy materials to you for use in connection with the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on Thursday, June 12, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time, and at any postponement or adjournment thereof (the “Annual Meeting”). For instructions on how to attend the Annual Meeting, please see the section titled “Annual Meeting Instructions.”

Stockholders of record as of April 17, 2025 (the “Record Date”) are invited to attend the Annual Meeting and are asked to vote on the proposals described in this proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”).

The Notice of Internet Availability (the “Notice”) will be first mailed to stockholders of record as of the Record Date on or about April 25, 2025. These proxy solicitation materials combined with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”), including financial statements, were first made available online, on or about April 25, 2025. Our principal executive offices are located at 308 Dorla Court, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448, and our telephone number is (775) 548-1785. We maintain a website at www.virnetx.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in the Proxy Statement.

Stockholders who hold shares of the Company through a broker, bank or other nominee receive proxy materials before each stockholder meeting. Your broker is not permitted to vote on your behalf on Proposal I and III unless you follow the instructions provided by your broker. For your vote to be counted, you will need to communicate your voting decisions to your broker, bank or other nominee before the date of the Annual Meeting.

Voting your shares is important to ensure that you have a say in the governance of the Company and to fulfill the objectives of the plurality voting standard that we apply in the election of directors. Please review the proxy materials and follow the instructions on the proxy card to vote your shares. We hope you will exercise your rights and fully participate as a stockholder in the Company’s future.

The Board is presently composed of five members: Michael F. Angelo, Gary W. Feiner, Kendall Larsen, Thomas M. O’Brien and Heidy Chow. Mr. Larsen serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the directors on our Board shall be divided into three classes, with the classes serving for staggered, three-year terms. Currently, we have two Class I directors, two Class II directors and one Class III director. One class is elected each year at the annual meeting of stockholders. The term of each class of directors expires as follows: Class III at the upcoming Annual Meeting, Class I at the 2026 Annual Meeting, and Class II at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2027. Each director shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.

Set forth below is the name and certain information about our Class III director nominee. The names of, and certain information about, the current Class I and Class II directors with unexpired terms are also set forth below. All information is as of April 17, 2025.

Michael F. Angelo, CRISC CISSP CDPSE, has been a director since July 5, 2007. He is currently a Distinguished Technologist at Open Text International (formerly Micro Focus), a global, enterprise software company, and has been the Chief Security Architect at the Security Products Division there since August 2005. From October 2003 to August 2005, Mr. Angelo was a Security Architect and Manager, Government Engagements SBU with Microsoft Corporation. From July 1989 to October 2003, Mr. Angelo was a Staff Fellow at both Hewlett Packard Company and Compaq Computer Corporation. Mr. Angelo also served as Senior Systems Programmer at the John von Neumann National Supercomputer Center from September 1985 to July 1989. He was a Sub-Chairman of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Board of Assessment for Programs/National Research Council responsible for the CISD review for fiscal years 2001 and 2002, and he has been a technology contributor and participant on the U.S. Commerce Department’s Information Systems Technical Advisory Council (ISTAC) from 1999 to the present. Mr. Angelo was named a distinguished lecturer for 2004 and 2005 by Sigma XI, the Scientific Research Society. He currently holds 92 patents, most in the area of security and authentication, and was named the 2003 Inventor of the Year for the City of Houston by the Houston Intellectual Property Lawyers Association. Mr. Angelo is also an Information Systems Security Association (“ISSA”) Distinguished Fellow and ISSA Hall of Fame recipient.

As a holder of many patents in the fields of security and authentication, and as a result of his long and distinguished industry and scholarly background in the area of computer security and networking, Mr. Angelo brings to the Board critical technical and industry knowledge and expertise. With his extensive industry knowledge and having successfully served in multiple leadership capacities in various types of organizations, Mr. Angelo is uniquely qualified to serve as chair of the Company’s nominating and corporate governance committee.

Kendall Larsen has been Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer since July 5, 2007 and held the same positions with VirnetX Inc. since its inception in August 2005. Mr. Larsen does not hold director positions with any other reporting or registered investment companies. From April 2003 to July 2005, Mr. Larsen

focused on pre-incorporation activities related to VirnetX Inc. From April 2002 to April 2003, Mr. Larsen was a Limited Partner at Osprey Ventures, L.P., a venture fund that makes investments primarily in business and consumer technology companies. From October 2000 to April 2002, he was Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Security Products Division of Phoenix Technologies Ltd., a software and firmware developer, and he has also held senior executive positions over a period of over twenty years at various leading technology companies, including RSA Security, Inc., Xerox Corporation, Rolm/International Business Machines Corporation, Novell, Inc., General Magic, Inc., and Ramp Networks. Mr. Larsen holds a B.S. in Economics from the University of Utah.

With his years of managerial experience, Mr. Larsen brings to the Board demonstrated management ability at senior levels. Mr. Larsen’s day-to-day leadership and intimate knowledge of our business and operations provide the Board with Company-specific experience and expertise. Mr. Larsen’s drive for innovation and excellence position him well to serve as our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Gary W. Feiner has been a director since 2014. Mr. Feiner has served as President at Feiner Financial Inc. since 1993, an accounting and financial planning services company founded in 1977. Mr. Feiner has a wide breadth of business leadership knowledge covering tax law, audit, corporate planning, securities regulation, and finance. He advises on structuring comprehensive and creative strategies for achieving profitable growth and establishing effective relationships between companies and investment bankers. He is a recognized industry expert with a reputation for a “hands on” client-focused approach. He has provided personalized services in the fields of finance, medicine, law, real estate, education and technology.

With his extensive experience expanding across business leadership, accounting, finance, banking, tax law and audit, Mr. Feiner provides the Board with valuable insights into financial strategy and corporate governance, including executive compensation, and was selected to serve on the Board for his unique qualifications.

Thomas M. O’Brien has been a director since July 5, 2007. He is currently a principal at a private consulting firm and a private investor. Mr. O’Brien also serves as a director for a nonprofit entity. Until December 31, 2017, he was Chief Executive Officer and President of TravelCenters of America LLC (NASDAQ: TA) since February 2007 and a Managing Director of TA since October 2006. Until December 31, 2017, he was an employee of The RMR Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: RMR) since May 1996 and served as an Executive Vice President of that company since September 2008, prior to which he served in various roles since May 1996, including holding various positions with public entities related to RMR. From 1988 to 1996, Mr. O’Brien was a senior manager with Arthur Andersen LLP where he served a number of public company clients. Mr. O’Brien graduated cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School of Business, with a B.S. in Economics.

As a former certified public accountant, chief financial officer, chief executive officer, and director of public companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and NASDAQ, Mr. O’Brien brings to the audit committee, of which he is Chairman, and our Board, a deep understanding of complex accounting and finance issues faced by the Company and can provide critical insight into the financial and other reporting requirements of a U.S. public company. In addition, his extensive capital markets experience is an invaluable resource as the Company regularly assesses its capital and liquidity needs.

Heidy Chow has been a director since June 2024. She is currently and has been the Chief Financial Officer of Snail Games USA, Inc., a technology-based company focused on investments in the gaming, digital entertainment, and technology spaces, since September 2020, as well as the Chief Financial Officer of Snail Inc. (NASDAQ: SNAL), global developer and publisher of digital entertainment and parent company of Snail Games USA, Inc., since November 2022. Ms. Chow has also been a member of the board of directors of Snail Games USA, Inc. and Snail, Inc. since November 2021 and January 2022, respectively. Prior to joining Snail Games USA, Inc., Ms. Chow was a partner with The Pun Group, LLP, a certified public accounting group, from August 2015 to September 2020, and from July 2014 to June 2015, Ms. Chow served as a manager of Ernst and Young, a certified public accounting and advisory firm. Since 2019, Ms. Chow has also served as chair of the audit committee for Franklin Wireless Corp., a provider of integrated wireless solutions utilizing the latest in fourth generation long-term evolution and fifth generation technologies, including mobile hotspots, routers, customer premise equipment and various trackers. Ms. Chow graduated from California Polytechnic University of Pomona with a B.S. in 2002 and has been licensed as a Certified Public Accountant since March 2008.

With more than 20 years’ experience in the finance and accounting industry and as a current officer and board member of another public company in the technology space, Ms. Chow brings in-depth experience overseeing complex enterprises and extensive financial management expertise to our Board.

Our directors are appointed to oversee the actions and results of our management. They were selected for their educational background, professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom and ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders. Their responsibilities include but are not limited to:

The Board believes that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is best situated to serve as Chairman of the Board because he is the director most familiar with the Company’s business and industry, and most capable of effectively identifying strategic priorities and leading the execution of strategy. Independent directors and management have different perspectives and roles in strategy development. The Company’s independent directors bring experience, oversight and expertise from outside the Company and industry, while the Chief Executive Officer brings company-specific experience and expertise. The Board believes that the combined role of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer promotes strategy development and execution, and facilitates information flow between management and the Board, which is essential to effective governance.

The Company does not currently have a lead independent director. To ensure effective independent oversight, the Board has designed its leadership structure so that independent directors exercise oversight of the Company’s management and key issues related to strategy and risk. Only independent directors serve on and chair the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board. As a result of the Board’s committee system and majority of independent directors, the Board maintains effective oversight of our business operations, including independent oversight of our financial statements, executive compensation, selection of director candidates, and corporate governance programs. Accordingly, we believe that our current leadership structure is appropriate and enhances the Board’s ability to effectively carry out its roles and responsibilities on behalf of our stockholders.

Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks that the Company faces, while the Board, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, the Board has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are adequate and functioning, as designed. The Board believes that establishing the right “tone at the top” and full and open communication between management and the Board are essential for effective risk management and oversight. Senior management attends Board meetings at least quarterly and is available to address any questions or concerns raised by the Board on risk management and any other matters. Each quarter, the Board receives presentations from senior management on strategic matters involving the Company’s operations. The Board holds strategic planning sessions with senior management to discuss strategies, key challenges, risks, including risks related to product, go-to-market and sales strategies, competitive risks, financial risks, brand and reputation risks,

legal, compliance, governance and geo-political risks, operational risks and cybersecurity and technology risks, and opportunities for the Company. Throughout the year, the Board and each committee spend a portion of their time reviewing and discussing these specific risk topics.

While the Board is ultimately responsible for risk oversight for the Company, the three Board committees assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to certain areas of risk. The audit committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to risk management in the areas of financial reporting, internal controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The compensation committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the management of risks arising from our compensation policies and programs. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the management of risks associated with Board organization, membership and structure, succession planning for our directors and executive officers, cybersecurity and corporate governance.

The Company notes that:

The Company’s compensation policies and practices are intended not to foster risk taking above the level of risk associated with the Company’s business model. Accordingly, the Company believes it has a balanced pay and performance program that does not promote excessive risk taking.

The Company takes a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity risk management and makes securing the data that our customers and other stakeholders entrust to us a top priority. Our Board and our management are actively involved in the oversight of our cybersecurity risk management program and the nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board oversees our cybersecurity risk processes and policies. The nominating and corporate governance committee receives regular reports from senior management about the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity risks and information security vulnerabilities. The Board receives regular updates from the nominating and corporate governance committee on such oversight and communications with senior management.

We have adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as the qualifications and responsibilities of our directors and director candidates and corporate governance policies and standards applicable to us in general. We have adopted a Code of Ethics for all employees and directors in accordance with the requirements of Item 406 of Regulation S-K and the NYSE Listed Company Manual. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Ethics is available on our website at https://ir.virnetx.com/ under the “Investors” tab in the “Corporate Governance” subcategory, or by writing to us at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448 (Attention: Investor Relations).

We intend to post on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics within four business days of such amendment or waiver.

The Company has adopted an insider trading policy that governs the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of the Company’s securities by directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors and advisors of the Company, and

other covered persons that the Company believes is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and applicable stock exchange listing requirements. A copy of the Company’s insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, with regard to the Company’s trading in its own securities, it is the Company’s policy to comply with the federal securities laws and the applicable exchange listing requirements.

Under the listing standards of NYSE, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. In addition, the listing standards of NYSE require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the listing standards of NYSE, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that listed company’s board of directors, that director does not have a material relationship with the company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship within the company). The Board has a majority of independent directors and has determined that it is beneficial for us and our stockholders for our Chief Executive Officer to also be a Board member. Other officers may, from time to time, serve as Board members, but no officer other than the Chief Executive Officer should be expected to be elected to the Board by virtue of his or her office.

The Board annually determines the independence of directors based on a review by the directors and the nominating and corporate governance committee. No director is considered independent unless the Board has determined that he or she has no material relationship with the Company, either directly or as a partner, stockholder, or officer of an organization that has a material relationship with the Company.

Audit committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and the listing standards of NYSE. Compensation committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act and the listing standards of NYSE.

The Board has determined that Michael F. Angelo, Gary W. Feiner, Thomas M. O’Brien and Heidy Chow meet the aforementioned independence standards.

The Board held a total of six meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and no director attended fewer than 75% of the total number of meetings of the Board and the committees of which he or she was a member. Since November 6, 2007, the Board has had a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee. Our audit committee charter, compensation committee charter, and nominating and corporate governance committee charter, each as adopted by the Board, and as may be amended from time to time, are posted on our website at https://ir.virnetx.com/ under the “Investors” tab in the “Corporate Governance” subcategory.

We encourage, but do not require, the Board members to attend our annual meetings of stockholders. All of our current Board members, except for Ms. Chow, were in attendance for our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

The Board has the following standing committees: audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee. The following table details the membership of each standing committee and the number of meetings of each standing committee conducted during 2024:

Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien comprise our nominating and corporate governance committee, with Mr. Angelo serving as the chairman. Ms. Chow was appointed as a member of the nominating and corporate governance committee in March 2025. The Board has determined that each of Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien satisfies the requirements for independence under the rules and regulations of NYSE and the SEC. Our nominating and corporate governance committee met five times during 2024.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:

A more detailed description of our nominating and corporate governance committee’s functions can be found in our nominating and corporate governance committee charter at https://ir.virnetx.com/ under the “Investors” tab in the “Corporate Governance” subcategory, or by writing to us at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, NV 89448 (Attention: Investor Relations).

The policy of our nominating and corporate governance committee is to consider properly submitted recommendations for candidates to the Board from stockholders. In evaluating such recommendations, our nominating and corporate governance committee seeks to achieve a balance of experience, knowledge, integrity, and capability on the Board and to address the membership criteria set forth under “Director Qualifications” below. Any stockholder recommendations for consideration by our nominating and corporate governance committee should include (1) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (2) the principal occupation or

employment of such person, (3) the class and number of shares of the Company that are beneficially owned by such person, and (4) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including, without limitation, such person’s written consent to being named in the Proxy Statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected).

Stockholder recommendations to the Board should be sent to our Corporate Secretary at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448.

In addition, our Bylaws permit stockholders to nominate directors for consideration at an annual meeting of stockholders. To nominate a director, the stockholder must provide the information required by our Bylaws, which includes information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act. For a description of the process for nominating directors in accordance with our Bylaws, see “How do I submit a stockholder proposal for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders?” of this Proxy Statement and our Bylaws which have been filed with the SEC.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee evaluates and recommends candidates for membership on the Board consistent with criteria established by the Board. The Board has not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met by each candidate for the Board or specific qualities or skills that are necessary for one or more of the members of the Board. However, our nominating and corporate governance committee, when considering a potential candidate, will factor into its determination the following qualities of a candidate, among others: educational background, professional experience, including whether the person is a current or former chief executive officer or chief financial officer of a public company or the head of a division of a large international organization, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders, diversity, and with respect to diversity, such factors as gender, race, ethnicity and experience, area of expertise, potential conflicts of interest and other commitments and other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on the Board.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee uses a variety of methods for identifying and evaluating nominees for any position on the Board. Our nominating and corporate governance committee regularly assesses the appropriate size and composition of the Board, the needs of the Board, the respective committees of the Board, and the qualifications of candidates in light of these needs. Candidates may come to the attention of the nominating and corporate governance committee through stockholders, management, current members of the Board, or third-party search firms engaged by the nominating and corporate governance committee.

Once the nominating and corporate governance committee has identified a prospective nominee, the nominating and corporate governance committee makes an initial determination as to whether to conduct a full evaluation of the candidate. This initial determination is based on the information provided to the nominating and corporate governance committee concerning the prospective candidate, as well as the nominating and corporate governance committee’s own knowledge of the prospective candidate, which may be supplemented by inquiries to the person making the recommendation or others. If the nominating and corporate governance committee determines, in consultation with other Board members as appropriate, that additional consideration is warranted, it may gather or request the third-party search firm to gather additional information about the prospective nominee’s background and experience. The nominating and corporate governance committee then evaluates the prospective nominee, taking into account whether the prospective nominee is independent within the meaning of the listing standards of NYSE and such other factors as it deems relevant, including the current composition of the Board, the balance of management and independent directors, the need for audit committee or compensation committee expertise, the prospective nominee’s qualifications as discussed above, the diversity of the member’s skills and experience in areas that are relevant to the Company’s businesses and activities, and its evaluations of other prospective nominees. In connection with this evaluation, the nominating and corporate governance committee determines whether to interview the prospective nominee and, if warranted, one or more members of the nominating and corporate governance committee and others, as appropriate, conduct interviews in person or by telephone. After completing this process, the nominating and corporate governance committee makes a recommendation to the full Board as to the persons who should be nominated by the Board, and the Board determines the nominees after considering the recommendation and

report of the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee follows the same process and uses the same criteria for evaluating candidates proposed by stockholders, members of the Board, and members of management.

The nominating and corporate governance committee considers diversity as one of a number of factors in identifying nominees for director. It does not, however, have a formal policy in this regard. The nominating and corporate governance committee views diversity broadly to include diversity of experience, skills, and viewpoint as well as traditional diversity concepts such as race or gender.

Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien comprise our audit committee, with Mr. O’Brien serving as the chairman. Ms. Chow was appointed as a member of the audit committee in March 2025. The Board has determined that each of Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien satisfies the requirements for independence under the rules and regulations of NYSE and the SEC, including the enhanced standards for audit committee members. The Board has also determined that Mr. O’Brien qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in the SEC rules and satisfies the financial sophistication requirements of NYSE. Our audit committee met five times in 2024.

Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

A more detailed description of our audit committee’s functions can be found in our audit committee charter at https://ir.virnetx.com/ under the “Investors” tab in the “Corporate Governance” subcategory, or by writing to us at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448 (Attention: Investor Relations).

Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien comprise our compensation committee, with Mr. Feiner serving as the chairman. Ms. Chow was appointed as a member of the compensation committee in March 2025. The Board has determined that each of Ms. Chow and Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien satisfies the requirements for independence under the rules of NYSE including the enhanced standards for compensation committee members, and is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Our compensation committee met five times in 2024.

Our compensation committee’s responsibilities and primary processes for establishing and overseeing executive compensation include, among other things:

Our Chief Executive Officer generally attends compensation committee meetings and makes recommendations to our compensation committee regarding the amount and form of the compensation of the other executive officers and key employees. He is not present for any of the executive sessions or for any decisions regarding his own compensation.

Except with respect to determining the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, the compensation committee may delegate its authority to a subcommittee thereof and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the compensation committee may delegate to officers or appropriate supervisory personnel the authority to grant stock awards to non-executive, non-director employees.

A more detailed description of our compensation committee’s functions can be found in our compensation committee charter at https://ir.virnetx.com/ under the “Investors” tab in the “Corporate Governance” subcategory, or by writing to us at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448 (Attention: Investor Relations).

In 2024, Messrs. Angelo, Feiner and O’Brien served as members of our compensation committee. No member of our compensation committee was an officer or employee of VirnetX in 2024. In addition, no member of our compensation committee or executive officer of the Company served as a member of the Board or compensation committee of any entity that has an executive officer serving as a member of the Board or our compensation committee.

Any of our stockholders and other interested parties who wish to communicate with the Board, a committee of the Board, the non-management directors as a group, or any individual member of the Board, may send correspondence to our Corporate Secretary at VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, Nevada 89448.

Our Corporate Secretary will compile and submit on a periodic basis all stockholder correspondence to our entire Board, or, if and as designated in the communication, to a committee of the Board, our non-management directors as a group, or an individual Board member. The independent directors of the Board review and approve the stockholders’ communications process periodically to ensure effective communication with stockholders.

Directors who are also our employees are not compensated for serving on the Board. Information regarding compensation otherwise received by our directors who are also named executive officers is provided under the heading “Executive Compensation and Other Matters.”

Our compensation committee periodically reviews director compensation in consultation with its independent compensation consultant, Compensia, Inc., or Compensia. Any recommendations for changes are made to our full Board by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee last reviewed our director compensation program in March 2025 and determined that no changes are recommended.

In 2024, consistent with our compensation policy in effect for 2024 (the “Compensation Policy”), we provided the following cash compensation for non-employee directors:

We do not pay meeting fees for Board or committee meetings.

Consistent with our Compensation Policy, stock compensation for non-employee directors is provided as follows:

The following table shows the compensation earned by or paid to each of our non-employee directors for 2024:

The following table lists all outstanding equity awards held by our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2024:

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of March 31, 2025 by:

This table lists applicable percentage ownership based on 4,238,581 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2025. Securities that a person has a right to acquire pursuant to SEC rules within 60 days of March 31, 2025 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the persons holding these securities for the purpose of computing the number of shares owned by, and percentage ownership of, that person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing any other person’s number of shares owned or ownership percentage.

Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to applicable community property laws, each person identified in the table possesses, to the best of our knowledge, sole voting and investment power with respect to all capital stock shown to be held by that person. The address of each executive officer and director, unless indicated otherwise, is c/o VirnetX Holding Corporation, P.O. Box 439, Zephyr Cove, NV, 89448.

The Board consists of five members. In accordance with our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Board is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. At the Annual Meeting, one Class III director will be elected for a three-year term to serve until the 2028 annual meeting and until their respective successor is qualified and elected, or until their earlier death, resignation or removal.

The nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board recommended, and the Board approved, Michael F. Angelo as our Class III director nominee for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting. If elected, Mr. Angelo will continue to serve until our annual meeting in 2028, and until his respective successor is qualified and elected or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

Unless otherwise instructed, the proxy holders will vote the proxies received by them “FOR” Mr. Angelo as the Class III director. If the nominee is unable or declines to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, the proxies will be voted for another nominee designated by the Board. We are not aware of any reason that the nominee would be unable or unwilling to serve as a director.

The director nominee receiving the highest number of votes cast by the shares present (including virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on this matter will be elected to the Board. Votes that are withheld and broker non-votes will be excluded entirely and will have no effect in the election of the director.

The Board of Directors unanimously recommends that stockholders vote “FOR” the election of Michael F. Angelo as the Class III Director.

The audit committee has selected Farber Hass Hurley LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 and recommends that stockholders vote for ratification of such appointment. Although ratification by stockholders is not required by law, the Company has determined that it is desirable to request ratification by the stockholders of this appointment. If the stockholders do not ratify the appointment of Farber Hass Hurley LLP, the audit committee may reconsider its appointment. Notwithstanding its appointment or voting results, the audit committee, in its discretion, may appoint a new independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if the audit committee believes that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Farber Hass Hurley LLP has audited our consolidated financial statements annually since it was first appointed in 2008. We expect that representatives of Farber Hass Hurley LLP will be present at the Annual Meeting, will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and will be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders.

The following table sets forth the costs we incurred for services provided by Farber Hass Hurley LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, which audited our financials for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Audit Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements, including the audit of internal control over financial reporting, review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in our quarterly reports, and accounting services in connection with securities offerings.

Audit-Related Fees. Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include consultations in connection with financial accounting and reporting standards.

Tax Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. We have nothing to report in this line item as we did not engage Farber Hass Hurley LLP to perform tax-related services for the Company.

All Other Fees. We have nothing to report in this line item as we did not engage Farber Hass Hurley LLP to perform services not covered by the preceding three categories.

Our audit committee’s policy is to pre-approve all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. For 2024, our audit committee pre-approved 100% of all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. These services include audit services and audit-related services. Our independent registered public accounting firm is required to periodically report to our audit committee regarding the extent of services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with this pre-approval policy.

Our audit committee may also delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of its members. Such member(s) must report any such pre-approval to our audit committee at the next scheduled meeting.

Ratification of Farber Hass Hurley LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 will require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present (including virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on this matter. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “against” the ratification of Farber Hass Hurley LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, and broker non-votes will have no effect. Because this is a routine proposal, we do not expect any broker non-votes on this proposal.

The Board of Directors, on behalf of the audit committee, recommends that stockholders vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of Farber Hass Hurley LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) enables our stockholders to approve, on an advisory or non-binding basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act. This proposal, commonly known as a “Say-on-Pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our named executive officers’ compensation as a whole. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or any specific named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of all of our named executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices described in this proxy statement.

The Say-on-Pay vote is advisory, and therefore is not binding on us, our compensation committee or our Board. The Say-on-Pay vote will, however, provide information to us regarding investor sentiment about our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices, which our compensation committee will be able to consider when determining executive compensation for the remainder of the current fiscal year and beyond. Our Board and our compensation committee value the opinions of our stockholders. To the extent there is any significant vote against the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will endeavor to communicate with stockholders to better understand the concerns that influenced the vote and consider our stockholders’ concerns, and our compensation committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address those concerns.

We believe that the information provided in the section titled “Executive Compensation and Other Matters,” and in particular the information discussed in the section titled “Executive Compensation and Other Matters – Executive Compensation Process,” demonstrates that our executive compensation program was designed appropriately and is working to ensure management’s interests are aligned with our stockholders’ interests to support long-term value creation. Accordingly, we ask our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

The approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present (including virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on this matter. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote “against” this proposal, and broker non-votes will have no effect.

As an advisory vote, the result of this proposal is non-binding. Although the vote is non-binding, our Board and our compensation committee value the opinions of our stockholders and will consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions for our named executive officers.

The Board of Directors recommends a vote “FOR” the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers.

The following table sets forth the respective names, ages and positions of our named executive officers as of March 31, 2025.

The biography of Mr. Larsen is set forth under the heading “Board of Directors” in this Proxy Statement.

Dr. Short has been the Chief Scientist for the Company since May 2006 and was the Chief Technical Officer from June 2010 to September 2021. He was a director of the Company from July 2010 to June 2024. From February 2000 to April 2007, Dr. Short was Assistant Vice President and Division Manager at Science Applications International Corporation, or SAIC, from which we acquired certain patents in 2006. From 1994 to February 2000, he also held various other positions at SAIC. Prior to SAIC, he worked at ARCO Power Technologies, Inc. (Atlantic Richfield Petroleum), Sperry Corporate Technology Center and Sperry Research Center. He has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University along with a M.S. in Mathematics and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Virginia Tech.

Ms. Allanson has been our Chief Financial Officer since September 2021. Prior to this, Ms. Allanson served as the Company’s Controller from August 2021 to September 2021 and as an independent consultant providing accounting and reporting services to the Company from October 2011 until August 2021. Ms. Allanson has also provided and does continue to provide similar independent consulting services for other public and private companies and certified public accountant firms. Ms. Allanson earned her Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Auburn University in 1987 and is a Licensed Certified Public Accountant.

Each officer serves at the discretion of the Board and holds office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

The primary objectives of our executive compensation program are:

To achieve these objectives, we implement and maintain compensation plans that tie a substantial portion of each executive officer’s overall compensation to key strategic financial and operational goals, such as revenue-generating activities, product and technical development, corporate public relations and stockholder value creation. The compensation committee’s approach emphasizes the setting of compensation at levels it believes are competitive with executives at other companies of similar size and stage of development who are operating in the information technology industry while taking into account our relative performance, key qualitative factors such as executive performance, criticality and tenure and our own strategic goals.

We maintain an executive compensation program comprised of multiple elements. The compensation committee typically reviews the elements of compensation for our named executive officers semiannually. The compensation committee makes all compensation decisions with regard to our Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s other named executive officers. In addition, the compensation committee is responsible for determining for all executive officers: annual base salary, annual incentive bonus, including specific goals, as applicable, and amount, equity compensation, employment agreements, severance arrangements and change in control agreements/provisions, if any, and any other benefits or compensation arrangement; evaluating and recommending to the Board compensation plans, policies, and programs for our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; administering our equity incentive plans; and preparing the compensation committee report that the SEC requires in our annual proxy statement, as applicable.

Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and efforts of our key personnel, including Mr. Larsen, Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson. Generally, the compensation committee seeks to provide compensation for our executive officers that is market competitive and provides incentives for our executive officers to remain with the Company and to drive development in the Company’s business. In setting executive compensation, the compensation committee considers various factors such as Company performance and individual performance, the importance of the officer’s role and the scope of the officer’s responsibilities (for example, job responsibilities that are broader than the specific position may suggest), current executive equity holdings and retention hold and competitive market data for executives in similar positions.

Our Chief Executive Officer generally attends the compensation committee’s meetings and makes recommendations to the compensation committee regarding the amount and form of the compensation of the other named executive officers and employees. He is not present for any of the executive sessions or for discussion related to his own compensation.

The compensation committee retains sole authority to hire a compensation consultant, approve its compensation, determine the nature and scope of its services, evaluate its performance, and terminate its engagement.

From time to time, the compensation committee engages with Compensia as its compensation consultant to:

Our executive compensation program consists of the following elements:

Stock-based awards are made at the commencement of employment, may be made annually based upon performance and, occasionally, following a significant change in job responsibilities or to meet other special retention objectives. The compensation committee reviews and approves stock-based awards to named executive officers based upon a review of competitive compensation data, its assessment of individual performance, a review of each executive’s existing long-term incentives, and retention considerations. In determining the number of stock-based awards granted to our named executive officers, we take into account the individual’s position, scope of responsibility, ability to affect profits and stockholder value, the individual’s historic and recent performance, the value of stock-based awards in relation to other elements of the individual executive’s total compensation and relative to comparable companies. We expect to continue to use stock-based awards as a long-term incentive vehicle because we believe that stock-based awards:

In 2024, the compensation committee undertook a full review of the compensation of our named executive officers, and following this review, in November 2024, the compensation committee increased the base salaries for 2024 for each of our named executive officers compared to 2023 (as described in greater detail below).

The compensation for our named executive officers for 2024 is presented in the table below.

Mr. Larsen is our President and Chief Executive Officer, as well as Chairman of the Board. Mr. Larsen, a founder of VirnetX Inc., has driven the organization’s performance, leading it from inception, through the early start-up phase and through several rounds of financing. He has also helped drive significant revenues, and achievement of operational and strategic milestones. The compensation committee believes that Mr. Larsen is critical to our ability to pursue our licensing strategy going forward. In light of these considerations and the other factors described above, in November 2023, the compensation committee increased Mr. Larsen’s base salary from $789,867 to $821,461 for 2024, an increase of approximately $31,594 or 4%, from 2023. The compensation committee felt this salary increase was warranted due to the value Mr. Larsen brings to the Company through his key role in the management of the Company during his long tenure, as well as our successes under his leadership in product development, licensing, and litigation matters.

Dr. Short has significant scientific and technological expertise, and the compensation committee considered his technical, scientific and management skills, his level of responsibility and expected contributions to intellectual property and product development. In light of these considerations and the other factors described above, in November 2023, the compensation committee increased Dr. Short’s base salary from $502,554 to $522,655 for 2024, an increase of approximately $20,101, or 4%, from 2023. The compensation committee felt this salary increase was appropriate given his long tenure with us and contributions to our business.

Ms. Allanson has significant public company experience as well as institutional knowledge of the Company, having provided independent consultant accounting and reporting services to the Company since October 2011, and

the compensation committee considered her technical and strategic skills, her level of responsibility and expected contributions to our further success. In light of these considerations and the other factors described above, in November 2023, the compensation committee increased Ms. Allanson’s base salary from $312,936 to $325,453 an increase of approximately $12,517 or 4% from 2023. The compensation committee felt this salary increase was appropriate given her experience with us and contributions to our business.

In 2024, the compensation committee set the 2024 target incentive opportunity percentages for Mr. Larsen to 75%, and Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson to 50% of their respective 2024 base salary. In November 2024, the compensation committee reviewed the Company’s performance in 2024 and the contributions that our named executive officers made to such performance. The compensation committee determined to pay bonuses equal to 75%, 50% and 50% for Mr. Larsen, Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson, respectively, of their respective 2024 base salaries in light of the Company’s overall performance for 2024. In making such payments, the compensation committee considered various factors, including advances in product development and their contributions in achieving this performance, the achievement of certain licensing, technical, investment and partnership milestones, and the development of the Company’s direction into governments agencies and institutions in the space and defense industry, none of which were given any particular weight or assigned a dollar value. The resulting aggregate 2024 annual incentive bonus payments paid to Mr. Larsen, Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson were $616,096, $261,328 and $162,727, respectively.

In 2024, the compensation committee approved grants of RSAs to Mr. Larsen, Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson as shown in the table below.

In determining 2024 RSAs for Mr. Larsen, Dr. Short and Ms. Allanson, the compensation committee reviewed various factors, including the Company’s performance, each officer’s performance and perceived criticality to future success, market practices with respect to long-term incentives, and total annual equity allocations at the Company for 2024.

Our named executive officers participate in the same group insurance and employee benefit plans as our other salaried employees. At this time, we do not provide special benefits or other perquisites to our named executive officers.

We do not provide change in control agreements or employment agreements providing formal cash or equity severance rights to any of our named executive officers. Our Plan allows the Board to determine the terms and condition of awards issued thereunder. The Board has made the determination that all equity awards issued under our Plan will include the provision that in the event of a “Change in Control” (as defined in our Plan), all unvested shares underlying the option, all unvested RSUs and all unvested RSAs will vest and become exercisable immediately prior to the consummation of such Change in Control transaction.

We have not adopted stock ownership guidelines, and we currently do not require our directors or executive officers to own a particular amount of our Common Stock. The compensation committee is satisfied that stock and option holdings among our directors and executive officers are sufficient at this time to provide ongoing alignment of this group’s interests with those of our stockholders.

The Company’s insider trading policy prohibits employees, officers, directors, and consultants from engaging in any short sale, “sale against the box”, hedging or derivative transactions, such as “cashless” collars, forward contracts, equity swaps or other similar or related transactions involving the Company’s stock.

The compensation committee considers the possible tax consequences to the Company and to its executives of our compensation programs, the accounting consequences to the Company of different compensation decisions and the impact of such decisions on stockholder dilution. With respect to the tax consequences to the Company, the compensation committee considers the potential future effects of Section 162(m) on the compensation paid to our named executive officers. Section 162(m) disallows a tax deduction for any publicly held corporation for individual compensation exceeding $1.0 million in any taxable year for the chief executive officer and certain other highly compensated officers.

We follow ASC Topic 718 for our options and stock awards. ASC Topic 718 requires companies to measure the compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including stock options and other stock awards, based on the grant date “fair value” of these awards. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes and reported in the compensation tables below. ASC Topic 718 also requires companies to recognize the compensation cost of their stock-based compensation awards in their income statements over the period that a named executive officer is required to render service in exchange for the option or other award.

In approving the amount and form of compensation for our named executive officers, our compensation committee may consider all elements of the cost to us of providing such compensation, including the potential tax and accounting consequences. However, to maintain maximum flexibility in designing compensation programs, the compensation committee will not limit compensation to those levels or types of compensation that lead to a particular accounting result or level of stockholder dilution.

The following table sets forth summary information concerning compensation earned by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Scientist and Chief Financial Officer.

The following table shows all outstanding equity awards held by the named executive officers as of December 31, 2024.

As stated elsewhere in this Proxy Statement, we do not provide change in control agreements or employment agreements providing formal cash or equity severance rights to any of our named executive officers. However, the Board has made the determination that all equity awards issued under our Plan will include the provision that in the event of a “Change in Control” (as defined in our Plan), all unvested shares underlying the option, all unvested RSUs and all unvested RSAs will vest and become exercisable immediately prior to the consummation of such Change in Control transaction.

The table below provides an estimate of the value of the equity awards that will vest and become immediately exercisable prior to the consummation of such Change in Control transaction for each of our named executive officers for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, assuming that the change in control was effective on December 31, 2024. The amounts reported in the table reflect the aggregate market value of the unvested shares of our common stock underlying outstanding stock option, RSAs and RSU awards.