In recent years, there has been a broad
trend of weaker or less restrictive covenant protections in the high yield market. Among other
things, under such weaker or less restrictive covenants, borrowers might be able to exercise more flexibility with respect to certain activities than borrowers who are subject to stronger or more protective covenants. For example,
borrowers might be able to incur more debt, including secured debt, return more capital to
shareholders, remove or reduce assets that are designated as collateral securing high yield securities, increase the claims against assets that are permitted against collateral securing high yield securities or otherwise
manage their business in ways that could impact creditors negatively. In addition, certain
privately held borrowers might be permitted to file less frequent, less detailed or less timely financial reporting or other information, which could negatively impact the value of the high yield securities issued by such borrowers.
Each of these factors might negatively impact the high yield instruments held by the Fund.
No active trading market may exist for some instruments and certain investments may be subject to restrictions
on resale. The inability to dispose of the Fund’s securities and other investments in a
timely fashion could result in losses to the Fund. Because some instruments may have a more limited secondary market, liquidity and valuation risk may be more pronounced for the Fund. When instruments are prepaid, the
Fund may have to reinvest in instruments with a lower yield or fail to recover additional amounts
(i.e., premiums) paid for these instruments, resulting in an unexpected capital loss and/ or a decrease in the amount of dividends and yield.
REITs Risk. The Fund’s investments in real estate securities, including REITs, are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate and mortgages, and their
value will depend on the value of the underlying real estate interests. These risks include
default, prepayments, changes in value resulting from changes in interest rates and demand for real and rental property, and the management skill and creditworthiness of REIT issuers. The Fund will indirectly bear its
proportionate share of expenses, including management fees, paid by each REIT in which it invests
in addition to the expenses of the Fund.
Real
Estate Securities Risk. The value of real estate securities in general, and REITs in particular,
are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate and mortgages which include,
but are not limited to, sensitivity to changes in real estate values and property taxes, interest
rate risk, tax and regulatory risk, fluctuations in rent schedules and operating expenses,
adverse changes in local, regional or general economic conditions, deterioration of the real
estate market and the financial circumstances of tenants and sellers, unfavorable changes in
zoning, building, environmental and other laws, the need for unanticipated renovations,
unexpected increases in the cost of energy and environmental factors. In addition, the underlying
mortgage loans may be subject to the risks of default or of prepayments that occur earlier or
later than expected, and such loans may also include so-called “sub-prime” mortgages. The value of REITs will also rise and fall in response to the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer.
In particular, the value of these securities may decline when interest rates rise and will also
be affected by the real estate market and by the management of the underlying properties. REITs may be more volatile and/or more illiquid than other types of equity securi
ties. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses, including management fees, paid by each REIT in which it invests in addition to the expenses of the
Fund.
In addition, certain of the companies in which the Fund intends
to invest may have developed or commenced development on properties and may develop additional
properties in the future. Real estate development involves significant risks in addition to those
involved in the ownership and operation of established properties, including the risks that financing, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms for development projects, that construction may not be completed on schedule
(resulting in increased debt service expense and construction costs), that estimates of the costs
of construction may prove to be inaccurate and that properties may not be leased, rented or
operated on profitable terms and therefore will fail to perform in accordance with expectations.
As a result, the value of the Fund’s investment may decrease in value.
Foreign Securities Risk. U.S. dollar-denominated
securities of foreign issuers or U.S. affiliates of foreign issuers may be subject to additional
risks not faced by domestic issuers. These risks include political and economic risks, unstable governments, civil conflicts and war, greater volatility, decreased market liquidity, expropriation and nationalization
risks, sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments, and regulatory
issues facing issuers in such countries. The Fund may also invest in non-dollar denominated securities. Investments in non-dollar denominated securities are subject to risks in addition to those summarized above
including currency fluctuations, higher transaction costs, delayed settlement, possible foreign
controls on investment, liquidity risks, and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of foreign markets. In certain markets where securities and other instruments are not traded “delivery versus
payment,” the Fund may not receive timely payment for securities or other instruments it
has delivered or receive delivery of securities paid for and may be subject to increased risk
that the counterparty will fail to make payments or delivery when due or default completely.
Events and evolving conditions in certain economies or markets may alter the risks associated
with investments tied to countries or regions that historically were perceived as comparatively
stable becoming riskier and more volatile. In addition, the Fund is limited in its ability to
exercise its legal rights or enforce a counterparty’s legal obligations in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States.
Currency Risk. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of the Fund’s securities and the price of the Fund’s shares. Generally, when the
value of the U.S. dollar rises in value relative to a foreign currency, an investment impacted by
that currency loses value because that currency is worth less in U.S. dollars. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates.
Devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority also will have a
significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency. Currency markets
generally are not as regulated as securities markets, may be riskier than other types of
investments and may increase the volatility of the Fund. Although the Fund may attempt to hedge its currency exposure into the U.S. dollar, it may not be successful in reducing the effects of currency fluctuations. The Fund may
also hedge from one foreign currency to another. In addition, the Fund’s use of